Unit 2 Great inventions and discoveries（重难词汇精练）英语新教材沪教版五四制八年级下册

Unit 2 Great inventions and discoveries 词汇专项过关 目录 词汇基础练 词汇语境练-句子 词汇语境练-语篇 词汇基础练 一、根据音标写单词 1．School officials believe that the electronic ________ /mə'tɪərɪəlz/ will make students enjoy learning more. 2．A gold medal was ________ /ə'wɔ:dɪd/ to Gary for his brave actions by the organisation. 3．Why not get into the habit of reading in your ________ /speə(r)/ time? 4．This new model of the robot can ________ /'ha:dli/ be used in the world now. 5．The doctor put a small ________ /tju:b/ in the patient’s arm to give him medicine. 二、根据汉语提示填空 1．The ________ (真相) is that he works very hard. 2．We should ________ (发展) our hobbies. 3．It is ________ (不可能的) to finish it in ten minutes. 4．We should take care of the ________ (环境). 5．The ________ (力量) of nature is great. 6．The match is very ________ (令人兴奋的). 7．Please keep the room ________ (干净的). 8．Many ________ (游客) come here every year. 9．The ________ (发明家) invented many useful things. 10．The old man is ________ (残疾的) and needs help. 11．Free ________ (表达) is important in art class. 12．Space ________ (探索) is very meaningful. 13．There is a ________ (可能性) of rain tomorrow. 14．His ________ (创造力) makes him different from others. 15．Yuan Longping is a great ________ (科学家). 三、根据首字母填空 1．The p________ of the painting is very high. 2．The old man is d________ and can’t hear well. 3．We should use our time w________. 4．The news is too strange to be b________. 5．He became s________ through his hard work. 6．She is i________ in modern inventions. 7．We should keep our classroom t________ and clean. 8．This book is very u________ for learning English. 9．The machine is very p________ and works well. 10．The d________ of oil made the country rich. 词汇语境练-句子 四、单项选择 1．Many people die from ________ every year. A．illness B．health C．exercise D．food 2．His ________ kept him away from school for a week. A．happiness B．illness C．kindness D．business 3．—________ great surprise to see a new Jia Ling in the film Hoppers (《河狸变身计划》) ! —Of course. I have never seen ________ excellent film before. A．What a; so an B．What a; such an C．How; such an D．How; so 4．________ many great inventions have brought us great convenience, they have also caused some new problems. A．Though B．But C．Because D．If 5．________ the help of modern science and technology, we can live a more comfortable life. A．Under B．With C．By D．Through 6．My father always encourages me ________ more new things to help improve our world. A．invent B．inventing C．to invent D．to inventing 7．________ can help us find the information we need quickly on the Internet. A．Anything B．Something C．Everything D．Nothing 8．The ________ of penicillin changed the medical field greatly. A．invention B．discovery C．creation D．artist 9．The Internet has changed people’s lives greatly ________ it was invented. A．before B．after C．when D．since 10．This kind of camera is ________ used all over the world. It’s very popular. A．wide B．widely C．slow D．slowly 11．—Do you know who ________ the telephone? —Yes. It was invented by Bell. A．discovered B．found C．invented D．made 12．We should ________ the ancient artworks well, because they are our national treasures. A．protect B．throw C．break D．sell 13．This painting ________ the artist’s love for nature. It’s full of warmth. A．creates B．expresses C．invents D．discovers 14．Picasso is a great ________. He is famous for his abstract paintings. A．artist B．scientist C．inventor D．musician 15．The little boy ________ a new way to solve the problem and his teacher praised him. A．discovered B．invented C．created D．thought 五、用单词的适当形式填空 1．Do you know the _________ of learning English well? (important) 2．With the _________ of new technology, our life becomes better and better. (develop) 3．The _________ of America changed the world a lot. (discover) 4．The film was so ________ (excite) that we all enjoyed it. 5．The _________ (beauty) of the invention lies in its function. 6．He _________ (spend) five years inventing this machine. 7．The _________ (inspire) stories of inventors encourage us. 8．The _________ (mix) of different technologies is very creative. 9．The _________ (value) of the discovery is very high. 10．We should _________ (encourage) young people to make inventions. 词汇语境练-语篇 六、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Great inventions and discoveries have changed the world greatly. The compass, one of the greatest 1 (invent) in ancient China, helped people find directions. It 2 (invent) thousands of years ago. The discovery of penicillin was a 3 (history) event. It 4 (save) millions of lives since it was found. Many scientists spent their whole lives 5 (research) and making new discoveries. Leonardo da Vinci drew the first idea for a helicopter about 500 years ago. 6   the first helicopter was not built   7   1940. The Wright brothers were 8 (interest) in flight. They tried many times before they 9 (succeed). These great inventions and discoveries show the 10 (power) of human creativity. Complete the passage with the given words in their proper forms. (用所给单词的适当形式完成短文，使其内容通顺。) Fighting the Invisible Enemy For thousands of years, humans fought a losing war against disease. In the past, a simple cut could lead to a 1 (seriously) infection and even death. People did not understand that invisible germs (细菌) were the cause of these 2 (ill). The turning point came with the 3 (discover) of penicillin (青霉素) in 1928. It happened by 4 (accidental). Alexander Fleming, a Scottish scientist, left a dish of bacteria uncovered in his lab. When he returned, he noticed that mold (霉菌) had killed the bacteria. This lucky mistake led to the 5 (develop) of antibiotics (抗生素). It was one of the most important medical breakthroughs in history. Suddenly, doctors had a 6 (power) weapon to treat infections. It saved 7 (million) of lives, especially soldiers wounded in war. Today, modern medicine continues to advance. We have X-ray machines to see our bones and scanners to check our brains. However, we face new 8 (challenge). Some germs are becoming stronger. 9 (science) are working seriously to find new cures. We should be grateful for these inventors. They dedicated their lives to science. Their work has totally changed our chances of living a long and 10 (health) life. 试卷第4页，共4页 试卷第3页，共4页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Great inventions and discoveries 词汇专项过关 目录 词汇基础练 词汇语境练-句子 词汇语境练-语篇 词汇基础练 一、根据音标写单词 1．School officials believe that the electronic ________ /mə'tɪərɪəlz/ will make students enjoy learning more. 【答案】materials 【详解】句意：学校官员认为电子材料会让学生更享受学习。根据音标可知，对应的单词是materials，意为“材料”，此处用复数形式表示一类事物，故填materials。 2．A gold medal was ________ /ə'wɔ:dɪd/ to Gary for his brave actions by the organisation. 【答案】awarded 【详解】句意：该组织因加里的英勇行为授予他一枚金牌。根据音标可知，对应的单词是awarded，句子是被动语态结构“be+过去分词”，award的过去分词是awarded，意为“授予”，故填awarded。 3．Why not get into the habit of reading in your ________ /speə(r)/ time? 【答案】spare 【详解】句意：为什么不在你的业余时间养成阅读的习惯呢？根据音标可知，对应的单词是spare，spare time是固定搭配，意为“业余时间”，故填spare。 4．This new model of the robot can ________ /'ha:dli/ be used in the world now. 【答案】hardly 【详解】句意：这种新型机器人现在几乎不能在世界上使用。根据音标可知，对应的单词是hardly，意为“几乎不”，在句中作状语，故填hardly。 5．The doctor put a small ________ /tju:b/ in the patient’s arm to give him medicine. 【答案】tube 【详解】句意：医生在病人的手臂里放了一根小管子来给他用药。根据音标可知，对应的单词是tube，意为“管子”，空前有a修饰，用单数形式，故填tube。 二、根据汉语提示填空 1．The ________ (真相) is that he works very hard. 【答案】truth 【详解】句意：真相是他工作非常努力。truth“真相”，名词，定冠词the后接名词，在句中作主语。 2．We should ________ (发展) our hobbies. 【答案】develop 【详解】句意：我们应该发展我们的爱好。句中情态动词“should”后需接动词原形，括号内的中文提示“发展”对应的英文动词为develop，故填develop。 3．It is ________ (不可能的) to finish it in ten minutes. 【答案】impossible 【详解】句意：在十分钟内完成它是不可能的。空处位于系动词后面，应填形容词impossible“不可能的”作表语。 4．We should take care of the ________ (环境). 【答案】environment 【详解】我们应该照顾环境。表示“环境”，用environment，有定冠词the修饰，用单数名词。 5．The ________ (力量) of nature is great. 【答案】power 【详解】句意：大自然的力量是伟大的。此处需要填入表示“力量”的英文名词power，此处表达抽象概念。 6．The match is very ________ (令人兴奋的). 【答案】exciting 【详解】句意：这场比赛非常令人兴奋。此处需要形容词作表语，修饰事物“比赛”，表示“令人兴奋的”用exciting，修饰物。 7．Please keep the room ________ (干净的). 【答案】clean 【详解】句意：请保持房间干净。“keep + 宾语 + 形容词”，意为“保持某物处于某种状态”，“干净的”对应的形容词是clean。 8．Many ________ (游客) come here every year. 【答案】visitors 【详解】句意：每年许多游客来这里。表示“游客”，用visitors，有形容词many修饰，用复数名词。 9．The ________ (发明家) invented many useful things. 【答案】inventor 【详解】句意：这位发明家发明了很多有用的东西。空处在句中作主语，应填名词形式inventor“发明家”，the表特指，名词应填单数形式。 10．The old man is ________ (残疾的) and needs help. 【答案】disabled 【详解】句意：这位老人残疾了，需要帮助。此处需填意为“残疾的”的形容词，在句中作表语，对应disabled。故填disabled。 11．Free ________ (表达) is important in art class. 【答案】expression 【详解】句意：自由表达在美术课上很重要。expression“表达”，不可数名词，作主语。 12．Space ________ (探索) is very meaningful. 【答案】exploration 【详解】句意：太空探索非常有意义。句中已有谓语动词is，此处需要名词作主语，“探索”对应的英文名词是exploration。 13．There is a ________ (可能性) of rain tomorrow. 【答案】possibility 【详解】句意：明天有可能下雨。不定冠词a后面需要接可数名词单数，“可能性”对应的英文名词是possibility。 14．His ________ (创造力) makes him different from others. 【答案】creativity 【详解】句意：他的创造力使他与众不同。形容词性物主代词“His”后需接名词，“创造力”对应的英文名词为“creativity”，为不可数名词。 15．Yuan Longping is a great ________ (科学家). 【答案】scientist 【详解】句意：袁隆平是一位伟大的科学家。“科学家”对应的英文单词是scientist，句中形容词great前有不定冠词a，此处需要填入可数名词单数形式。 三、根据首字母填空 1．The p________ of the painting is very high. 【答案】price/rice 【详解】句意：这幅画的价格非常高。根据首字母提示以及语境可推测，表达的是“这幅画的价格”。其中，“The”是定冠词，后面需要接名词。“price”是名词，意为“价格”。 2．The old man is d________ and can’t hear well. 【答案】deaf/eaf 【详解】句意：这位老人耳聋，听不清楚。句中“is”后需接形容词作表语，首字母d及后文“can’t hear well”提示此处应填形容词deaf，故填deaf。 3．We should use our time w________. 【答案】wisely/isely 【详解】句意：我们应该明智地利用我们的时间。“We should use our time”提示可知，此处指的是如何利用时间，结合首字母w可知，空处应填副词形式wisely“明智地”修饰动词use。 4．The news is too strange to be b________. 【答案】believable/elievable 【详解】句意：这消息太奇怪了，令人难以置信。根据首字母提示和“The news is too strange to be”可知，此处表示新闻是不可信的，believable“可信的”，too...to...结构表示“太……而不能……”，这里指太奇怪而不能让人相信，在句中作表语。 5．He became s________ through his hard work. 【答案】successful/uccessful 【详解】句意：他通过努力工作变成功了。根据“through his hard work”以及结合首字母可知，努力工作的结果应是变成功了，空处位于became后面，应填形容词，successful“成功的”符合。 6．She is i________ in modern inventions. 【答案】interested/nterested 【详解】句意：她对现代发明很感兴趣。“She is i... in modern inventions”表示对某事物感兴趣，interested“感兴趣的”，固定搭配be interested in意为“对……感兴趣”。 7．We should keep our classroom t________ and clean. 【答案】tidy/idy 【详解】句意：我们应该保持教室整洁干净。句中keep后可接“宾语+形容词”结构，用来表示“使某物保持某种状态”，空处需要填入形容词，与clean并列作宾语补足语。结合首字母t和语境，应填tidy“整洁的”。 8．This book is very u________ for learning English. 【答案】useful/seful 【详解】句意：这本书对于学习英语非常有用。“for learning English”提示空处应填对于学习英语的作用，结合首字母u可知，此处应填形容词useful“有用的”，在句中作表语。 9．The machine is very p________ and works well. 【答案】powerful/owerful 【详解】句意：这台机器非常强大，运转良好。 结合首字母“p”和“works well（运转良好）”的语境，此处应填形容词“powerful”（强大的），用来描述机器的性能，故填powerful。 10．The d________ of oil made the country rich. 【答案】discovery/iscovery 【详解】句意：石油的发现使这个国家富裕起来。根据首字母d及句意可知，此处表示“石油的发现”，需要使用名词构成of所有格结构，名词discovery表示“发现”。 词汇语境练-句子 四、单项选择 1．Many people die from ________ every year. A．illness B．health C．exercise D．food 【答案】A 【详解】句意：每年许多人死于疾病。 illness疾病；health健康；exercise锻炼；food食物。根据“Many people die from”以及常识可知，疾病是导致死亡的主要原因，illness符合语境。 2．His ________ kept him away from school for a week. A．happiness B．illness C．kindness D．business 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他的疾病使他一周没能去上学。 happiness快乐；illness疾病；kindness善良；business生意。根据“kept him away from school for a week”可知，导致无法上学一周的原因应是疾病，应填illness。 3．—________ great surprise to see a new Jia Ling in the film Hoppers (《河狸变身计划》) ! —Of course. I have never seen ________ excellent film before. A．What a; so an B．What a; such an C．How; such an D．How; so 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——在电影《河狸变身计划》中看到一个新的贾玲真是个大惊喜！——当然。我以前从未看过如此优秀的一部电影。 第一空：中心词surprise在此处是可数名词单数，感叹句结构为“What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数!”，所以用What a；第二空：修饰名词film，结构为“such+a/an+形容词+名词”，so通常修饰形容词或副词，所以用such an。 4．________ many great inventions have brought us great convenience, they have also caused some new problems. A．Though B．But C．Because D．If 【答案】A 【详解】句意：虽然许多伟大的发明给我们带来了极大的便利，它们也造成了一些新问题。 Though虽然；But但是；Because因为；If如果。根据“brought us great convenience”和“caused some new problems”可知，前后表示转折关系，用Though引导让步状语从句。应填Though。 5．________ the help of modern science and technology, we can live a more comfortable life. A．Under B．With C．By D．Through 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在现代科学技术的帮助下，我们可以过上更舒适的生活。 Under在……下面；With和……一起/用；By通过（方式、手段）；Through穿过/通过（媒介）。根据题干“________ the help of”可知，with the help of是固定介词短语，意为“在……的帮助下”，应填With。 6．My father always encourages me ________ more new things to help improve our world. A．invent B．inventing C．to invent D．to inventing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我爸爸总是鼓励我去发明更多新事物，来帮助改善我们的世界。 这里考查固定搭配encourage sb. to do sth.，意为“鼓励某人做某事”，应填to invent。 7．________ can help us find the information we need quickly on the Internet. A．Anything B．Something C．Everything D．Nothing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在互联网上，有些东西可以帮助我们快速找到我们需要的信息。 Anything任何东西（用于疑问句或否定句）；Something某物/有些东西（用于肯定句）；Everything每件事物；Nothing没有东西。根据题干“…can help us find the information”可知，这是一个肯定句，表示“有些东西”可以帮助我们，应填Something。 8．The ________ of penicillin changed the medical field greatly. A．invention B．discovery C．creation D．artist 【答案】B 【详解】句意：青霉素的发现极大地改变了医学领域。 invention发明；discovery发现；creation创造；artist艺术家。青霉素是原本就存在的事物，是被“发现”的，而非发明， 应填discovery。 9．The Internet has changed people’s lives greatly ________ it was invented. A．before B．after C．when D．since 【答案】D 【详解】句意：自从互联网被发明以来，它极大地改变了人们的生活。 before在……之前；after在……之后；when当……时；since自从。根据题干“has changed... ________ it was invented”可知，主句是现在完成时，since引导时间状语从句，表示“自从……以来”，应填since。 10．This kind of camera is ________ used all over the world. It’s very popular. A．wide B．widely C．slow D．slowly 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这种相机在世界各地被广泛使用。它非常受欢迎。 wide宽的；widely广泛地；slow慢的；slowly慢慢地。根据“It’s very popular.”可知相机很受欢迎，推测出是被广泛使用，修饰动词used需用副词widely。 11．—Do you know who ________ the telephone? —Yes. It was invented by Bell. A．discovered B．found C．invented D．made 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你知道是谁发明了电话吗？——是的。它是贝尔发明的。 答语“It was invented by Bell”说明问句询问的是谁发明了电话；C选项invented“发明”符合语义，discovered“发现”，found“找到”，made“制作”都不符合。 12．We should ________ the ancient artworks well, because they are our national treasures. A．protect B．throw C．break D．sell 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们应该好好保护古代艺术品，因为它们是我们的国宝。 protect保护；throw扔；break打破；sell卖。根据常识可知，古代艺术品是国宝，需要好好保护，应填protect。 13．This painting ________ the artist’s love for nature. It’s full of warmth. A．creates B．expresses C．invents D．discovers 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这幅画表达了艺术家对大自然的热爱。它充满了温暖。 creates创造；expresses表达，传达；invents发明；discovers发现。根据“the artist’s love for nature”以及“It’s full of warmth”可知，此处描述的是艺术作品所传递出的情感或思想内涵。表示作品“表达/传达”某种情感常用expresses，符合语境逻辑。 14．Picasso is a great ________. He is famous for his abstract paintings. A．artist B．scientist C．inventor D．musician 【答案】A 【详解】句意：毕加索是一位伟大的艺术家，他以抽象画作闻名。 artist艺术家；scientist科学家；inventor发明家；musician音乐家。毕加索是著名画家，artist符合语境。 15．The little boy ________ a new way to solve the problem and his teacher praised him. A．discovered B．invented C．created D．thought 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这个小男孩发现了一种解决问题的新方法，他的老师表扬了他。 discovered发现（指发现已存在但未被知晓的事物）；invented发明（指创造出原本不存在的事物）；created创造（强调从无到有地创作）；thought想，思考（想出方法通常用thought of）。根据“a new way to solve the problem”（解决问题的新方法）可知，这种方法原本可能存在，但被他找到并认识，discovered更贴合“发现已有方法”的语境。 五、用单词的适当形式填空 1．Do you know the _________ of learning English well? (important) 【答案】importance 【详解】句意：你知道学好英语的重要性吗？the是定冠词，后接名词，括号内所给词important为形容词，它的名词形式为importance重要性，the importance of意为“……的重要性”。 2．With the _________ of new technology, our life becomes better and better. (develop) 【答案】development 【详解】句意：随着新技术的发展，我们的生活变得越来越好。根据“the”及“of new technology”提示，此处应填名词作介词with的宾语。“develop”为动词，其名词形式development“发展”为不可数名词。 3．The _________ of America changed the world a lot. (discover) 【答案】discovery 【详解】句意：美洲的发现极大地改变了世界。空格前有定冠词The，需填名词作主语，所给词discover的名词形式为discovery，意为“发现”。 4．The film was so ________ (excite) that we all enjoyed it. 【答案】exciting 【详解】句意：这部电影太令人兴奋了，我们都很喜欢它。空格处需要填入形容词作表语，句子主语The film指事物，要用-ing结尾的形容词修饰，对应exciting，意为“令人兴奋的”。 5．The _________ (beauty) of the invention lies in its function. 【答案】beauty 【详解】句意：这项发明的美妙之处在于它的功能。句中“The”后需接名词作主语，beauty本身为名词，意为“美；美妙之处”，“of the invention”是后置定语修饰该名词，符合句子语法和语义要求。 6．He _________ (spend) five years inventing this machine. 【答案】spent 【详解】句意：他花了五年时间发明这台机器。spend“花费”，是动词，根据句意可知，此处介绍的是过去发生的动作，句子用一般过去时，动词要用过去式，spend的过去式是spent。 7．The _________ (inspire) stories of inventors encourage us. 【答案】inspiring 【详解】句意：发明家们鼓舞人心的故事激励着我们。此处用形容词作定语修饰名词stories，表示“……的故事”。inspire的形容词形式有inspired“受到鼓舞的”和inspiring“鼓舞人心的”。根据句意，此处表示“鼓舞人心的故事”，应用inspiring。 8．The _________ (mix) of different technologies is very creative. 【答案】mixture 【详解】句意：不同技术的融合非常有创意。此处是“the+名词+of”结构， mix的名词形式是mixture“混合、融合”，根据“is”可知，用单数。 9．The _________ (value) of the discovery is very high. 【答案】value 【详解】句意：这个发现的价值非常高。分析句子结构，此处是名词作主语，value“价值”为不可数名词。 10．We should _________ (encourage) young people to make inventions. 【答案】encourage 【详解】句意：我们应该鼓励年轻人去发明。根据提示词encourage及“young people to make inventions”，可知是固定搭配encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事。情态动词should后跟动词原形，故填encourage。 词汇语境练-语篇 六、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Great inventions and discoveries have changed the world greatly. The compass, one of the greatest 1 (invent) in ancient China, helped people find directions. It 2 (invent) thousands of years ago. The discovery of penicillin was a 3 (history) event. It 4 (save) millions of lives since it was found. Many scientists spent their whole lives 5 (research) and making new discoveries. Leonardo da Vinci drew the first idea for a helicopter about 500 years ago. 6   the first helicopter was not built   7   1940. The Wright brothers were 8 (interest) in flight. They tried many times before they 9 (succeed). These great inventions and discoveries show the 10 (power) of human creativity. 【答案】 1．inventions 2．was invented 3．historical 4．has saved 5．researching 6．But 7．until 8．interested 9．succeeded 10．power 【导语】本文介绍了诸多改变世界的伟大发明与发现，说明了这些成果背后科学家的付出，体现了人类创造力的强大。 1．句意：指南针是中国古代最伟大的发明之一，帮助人们辨别方向。根据“one of the greatest”可知需用可数名词复数，“one of+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”是固定结构，表示“最……的……之一”，invent是动词，其名词形式invention表示“发明”，符合语境，此处需用复数形式。 2．句意：它是数千年前被发明出来的。根据“thousands of years ago”可知需用一般过去时，主语It和动词invent是被动关系，表示“被发明”，需用被动语态。又因为主语是第三人称单数，be动词用was。 3．句意：青霉素的发现是一个历史性事件。根据“event”可知需用形容词修饰名词，history是名词，其形容词形式historical表示“历史性的”，符合语境。 4．句意：自从它被发现以来，已经挽救了数百万条生命。根据“since it was found”可知需用现在完成时，表示动作从过去持续到现在，对现在造成影响。主语It是第三人称单数，现在完成时的助动词用has。 5．句意：许多科学家花费毕生精力进行研究，取得新发现。根据“spent their whole lives”可知固定搭配是spend time doing sth，表示“花费时间做某事”，此处需用动名词形式。 6．句意：莱昂纳多·达·芬奇在大约500年前就画出了直升机的最初构想，但是第一架直升机直到1940年才被造出来。根据前后文逻辑可知，前文提到很早就有构想，后文提到直到近代才被造出来，前后是转折关系，需用转折连词。 7．句意：但是第一架直升机直到1940年才被造出来。根据“was not built”可知固定搭配是not...until...，表示“直到……才……”，符合语境。 8．句意：莱特兄弟对飞行感兴趣。根据“were ... in flight”可知固定搭配be interested in，表示“对……感兴趣”，interested修饰人，符合语境。 9．句意：他们成功之前尝试了很多次。根据“tried”可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，需用一般过去时，succeed的过去式为succeeded。 10．句意：这些伟大的发明和发现展现了人类创造力的力量。根据“the...of human creativity”可知，此处需用名词作宾语，power本身是名词，表示“力量”，符合语境。 Complete the passage with the given words in their proper forms. (用所给单词的适当形式完成短文，使其内容通顺。) Fighting the Invisible Enemy For thousands of years, humans fought a losing war against disease. In the past, a simple cut could lead to a 1 (seriously) infection and even death. People did not understand that invisible germs (细菌) were the cause of these 2 (ill). The turning point came with the 3 (discover) of penicillin (青霉素) in 1928. It happened by 4 (accidental). Alexander Fleming, a Scottish scientist, left a dish of bacteria uncovered in his lab. When he returned, he noticed that mold (霉菌) had killed the bacteria. This lucky mistake led to the 5 (develop) of antibiotics (抗生素). It was one of the most important medical breakthroughs in history. Suddenly, doctors had a 6 (power) weapon to treat infections. It saved 7 (million) of lives, especially soldiers wounded in war. Today, modern medicine continues to advance. We have X-ray machines to see our bones and scanners to check our brains. However, we face new 8 (challenge). Some germs are becoming stronger. 9 (science) are working seriously to find new cures. We should be grateful for these inventors. They dedicated their lives to science. Their work has totally changed our chances of living a long and 10 (health) life. 【答案】 1．serious 2．illnesses 3．discovery 4．accident 5．development 6．powerful 7．millions 8．challenges 9．Scientists 10．healthy 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了人类与疾病抗争的历史，介绍了青霉素偶然发现的过程、抗生素研发的医学意义，同时提到如今现代医学虽然不断进步，但人类仍面临新的挑战，科研人员仍在不断研究攻克疾病，他们的工作极大改变了人类的生活与寿命。 1．句意：在过去，一个简单的伤口就可能导致严重的感染甚至死亡。 此处修饰名词infection，需要使用形容词，seriously的形容词形式为serious。 2．句意：人们不知道看不见的细菌才是这些疾病的诱因。 these后接可数名词复数，ill的复数名词形式为illnesses。 3．句意：转折点出现在1928年青霉素的发现。the后需用名词作宾语，discover的名词形式为discovery。 4．句意：这件事是偶然发生的。 by accident是固定搭配，意为“偶然地”。 5．句意：这个幸运的错误促成了抗生素的研发。the后需用名词作led to的宾语，develop的名词形式为development。 6．句意：突然间，医生拥有了治疗感染的强力武器。 此处修饰名词weapon，需要形容词，power的形容词形式为powerful。 7．句意：它拯救了数百万生命，尤其是战争中受伤的士兵。 millions of是固定搭配，意为“数百万的”。 8． 句意：然而，我们面临新的挑战。此处表示不止一项新挑战，需用名词复数challenges。 9．句意：科学家们正在认真研究寻找新的治疗方法。 根据“are working seriously”可知指代人，由谓语动词“are”可知主语是复数，需用表示“科学家”的名词复数Scientists。 10．句意：他们的工作彻底改变了我们过上长寿健康生活的几率。 此处修饰名词life，需要形容词，health的形容词形式为healthy。 试卷第12页，共12页 试卷第11页，共12页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $