Unit 2 Great inventions and discoveries 单词短语句型语法（教材考点精练）英语新教材沪教版五四制八年级下册

Unit 2 Great inventions and discoveries 单元重点单词短语句型语法精练 时间40分钟，满分80分 一、根据汉语提示填空，每小题1分，满分10分 1．Many great ________ (发现) changed the world. 2．He can ________ (表达) himself well in English. 3．We should learn to ________ (创造) new things. 4．This is a famous ________ (作品) of art. It’s very valuable. 5．The students are learning about the ________ (历史) of Chinese art. 6．The doctor used ________ (X光) to check the patient’s lungs. 7．The doctor used a special tool to ________ (检查) the patient’s eyes. 8．Edison is a famous ________ (发明家) who invented the light bulb. 9．The Internet makes communication more ________ (方便的) than before. 10．This new technology has a great ________ (影响) on our daily life. 二、根据首字母填空，每小题1分，满分10分 1．The s________ used clay to make a beautiful vase in the art class. 2．Edison i________ the light bulb, which brings light to people’s life. 3．The doctor t________ the patient’s malaria with a special medicine. 4．The ancient coins are from the Tang D________ and are very valuable. 5．The student was s________ to see that his painting was on show in the museum. 6．The artist prefers painting l________ to painting portraits. 7．The ancient Chinese invented the c________, which helped people tell time. 8．The scientist was a________ a prize for his great discovery in medicine. 9．The earthquake caused great d________ to the ancient buildings in the city. 10．The volunteers are working in the museum to g________ the visitors around. 三、用单词的适当形式填空，每小题1分，满分10分 1．This new kind of phone is very _________ for students who study online. (use) 2．The story sounds ________ (believe). 3．The ________ (invent) spent all his life making new things. 4．He became ________ (success) after years of hard work. 5．The old man is ________ (able) to walk without a stick. 6．Space ________ (explore) is meaningful to humans. 7．With the ________ (develop) of technology, our life is easier. 8．Yuan Longping is a great Chinese ________ (science). 9．His ________ (paint) of mountains is very popular. 10．We take ________ (proud) in our traditional culture. 四、单项选择，每小题1分，满分15分 1．—I have never seen such amazing 3D artworks. —________ amazing they are! A．What B．How C．What an D．How an 2．—________ interesting movie it is! Let’s go to the theater. —Great idea. Let’s go. A．How B．How a C．What an D．What a 3．—What ________  terrible weather! —Yes! It is such ________ cold day that you’d better stay at home. A．a ; a B．/ ; a C．/ ; / D．a ; / 4．________ great progress she has made in her schoolwork this term! A．What a B．What C．How a D．How 5．— ________ beautiful the garden is! —Yes, and it is ________ than the one in our neighborhood. A．How; more beautiful B．What; more beautiful C．How; beautiful D．What a; beautiful 6．________ exciting movie it is! I want to watch it again. A．How B．What C．What a D．What an 7．—What ________ useful advice you gave me! It really helps me a lot. —You're welcome. I hope you can have ________ better life from now on. A．a; a B．an; the C．/; a D．the; / 8．________ it seems to cook stir-fried eggs and tomatoes! A．How simply B．What simple C．What simply D．How simple 9．—How ________ the street is! I can’t even hear myself talking. —The construction site next door is making too much ________. A．noisy; noise B．noise; noisy C．noisy; noisy D．noise; noise 10．—________ awful day! I was late for school and I left my homework at home. —You’d better be more careful next time! A．What a B．How a C．How an D．What an 11．—________ difficult it is to learn sign language!   —Yes, but it’s very useful for helping the deaf. A．What B．What a C．How D．How a 12．—________ bad weather it was yesterday!  —Yes. The rain was falling all the time. It was ________ awful day! A．What a; a B．What a; an C．What; a D．What; an 13．—________ nice weather it is! —Let’s go out for a walk. A．What B．What a C．How D．How a 14．—Look! ________ the rides are moving ________! —Wow! I am beginning to feel dizzy (头晕目眩的) now. A．What high speed, at B．What high speed, in C．What a high speed, at D．How high speed, at 15．— ________ to the eyes the Yellow Mountain is! —Of course. It is the most beautiful mountain I have been to. A．How a treat B．What a treat C．How treat D．What treat 五、完成句子，每小题1分，满分15分 1．梵高是世界上最著名的艺术家之一。 Van Gogh is one of the ________ ________ ________ in the world. 2．这个发明改变了人们的交流方式。 This invention ________ the way people ________ with each other. 3．她喜欢用水彩画美丽的风景。 She likes ________ beautiful ________ with ________. 4．我们应该学习伟大发明和发现的历史。 We should ________ the ________ of great ________ and ________. 5．纸是由木头制成的，它是中国的伟大发明之一。 Paper ________ ________ ________ wood and it’s one of the great ________ of China. 6．这位艺术家一生创作了许多著名的画作。 The artist ________ many famous paintings in his ________. 7．屠呦呦自愿在自己身上测试这种药物。 Tu Youyou ________ to ________ the medicine on ________. 8．造纸术有助于传播知识。 Paper-making ________ to ________ knowledge. 9．许多发明家在成功之前失败了很多次。 Many inventors ________ many times ________ they ________. 10．阿拉伯数字系统有助于科学和经济的发展。 The Arabic number system ________ the ________ of science and the ________. 11．为人类进步开发新技术是多么重要啊！ ________ ________ it is to ________ new technologies for human ________! 12．我们应该学习发明家们永不放弃的精神。 We should ________ from the ________ of the inventors who never ________ ________. 13．协和式飞机从纽约飞到伦敦不到三个小时。 The Concorde ________  ________ from New York to London in ________ than three hours. 14．第一架直升机直到大约 1940 年才被制造出来。 The first helicopter ________ ________ until around 1940. 15．此外，它给我的生活带来了更多乐趣。 ________ ________, it ________ more fun into my life. 六、语法选择，每小题1分，满分20分 Human progress 1 by great inventions throughout history. The wheel, 2 around 3500 BC, completely changed transportation and farming, making work much easier. In modern times, the Internet 3 one of the most important inventions, connecting billions of people. It allows people all over the world 4 information quickly and learn new things every day. Meanwhile, scientists 5 on many amazing projects now. Some 6 ways to use 3D printing for building houses, which could help create homes faster. Others 7 about space exploration and the chance to find other planets. The James Webb Space Telescope, 8 in 2021, has already sent back incredible images of space that amaze everyone. However, new technology sometimes brings problems along with its benefits. We must be careful 9 AI tools because they might replace some jobs and affect our daily lives. Therefore, governments need to make rules 10 new inventions are used safely and responsibly. With proper management, future discoveries will continue to improve our lives and make the world better. 1．A．has been shaped B．shaped C．was shaping 2．A．inventing B．invented C．was invented 3．A．becomes B．become C．has become 4．A．share B．to share C．sharing 5．A．work B．are working C．worked 6．A．develop B．are developing C．developed 7．A．excited B．excite C．are excited 8．A．launching B．launch C．launched 9．A．with B．at C．for 10．A．so that B．because C．when Last month, a major scientific discovery in artificial intelligence 1 the National Innovation Prize. The invention—an intelligent learning system—didn’t happen 2 accident. A research team worked hard for over five years before they finally succeeded. This system is designed to help students learn more efficiently. It can process 3 pieces of learning information and spread much knowledge in a more vivid and understandable way. For example, it uses virtual reality to 4 students to “travel” inside a cell or “walk” on Mars. Teachers can use it to make 5 easier to explain difficult concepts. What’s more, the system encourages students to learn by themselves. They can imagine 6 their own science projects or doing experiments in a simulated lab. It offers 7 every day—maybe a challenging maths game or an interesting historical story. 8 encouraging it is to see technology changing education! This system is even 9 than we thought. It hardly leaves any student behind—whether they learn fast 10 need more time. We’re living in a wonderful time full of creativity and discoveries. Maybe one day, you will also create something important that helps people around the world! 1．A．awarded B．is awarded C．was awarded 2．A．in B．by C．on 3．A．thousands of B．thousand of C．several thousands of 4．A．allow B．make C．let 5．A．that B．it C．this 6．A．design B．to design C．designing 7．A．something exciting B．exciting something C．anything exciting 8．A．What B．How C．What an 9．A．powerful B．more powerful C．much powerful 10．A．and B．so C．or 2 / 17 1 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Great inventions and discoveries 单元重点单词短语句型语法精练 时间40分钟，满分80分 一、根据汉语提示填空，每小题1分，满分10分 1．Many great ________ (发现) changed the world. 【答案】discoveries 【详解】句意：许多伟大的发现改变了世界。句中“Many”后需接可数名词复数形式，括号内的中文提示“发现”对应的英文名词为discovery，其复数形式是discoveries，故填discoveries。 2．He can ________ (表达) himself well in English. 【答案】express 【详解】句意：他能用英语很好地表达自己。句中情态动词“can”后需接动词原形，括号内的中文提示“表达”对应的英文动词为express，故填express。 3．We should learn to ________ (创造) new things. 【答案】create 【详解】句意：我们应该学会创造新事物。create意为“创造”；learn to do sth.是固定结构，意为“学会做某事”，to后接动词原形。 4．This is a famous ________ (作品) of art. It’s very valuable. 【答案】work 【详解】句意：这是一件著名的艺术作品。它非常有价值。根据汉语提示，“作品”的英文为work，可数名词，a work of art为固定短语，意为“一件艺术品”。故填work。 5．The students are learning about the ________ (历史) of Chinese art. 【答案】history 【详解】句意：学生们正在学习中国艺术的历史。根据汉语提示可知，history“历史”，不可数名词。故填history。 6．The doctor used ________ (X光) to check the patient’s lungs. 【答案】X-rays 【详解】句意：医生用 X光检查病人的肺。根据汉语提示“X光”可知，对应的英文单词是X-rays，常用复数形式表示X光检查或X光射线这一医疗手段。故填X-rays。 7．The doctor used a special tool to ________ (检查) the patient’s eyes. 【答案】examine 【详解】句意：医生用一种特殊工具检查病人的眼睛。根据汉语提示可知，examine“检查”，此处用在动词不定式“to examine”中，作目的状语。故填examine。 8．Edison is a famous ________ (发明家) who invented the light bulb. 【答案】inventor 【详解】句意：爱迪生是发明灯泡的著名发明家。inventor“发明家”，a修饰可数名词单数形式。 9．The Internet makes communication more ________ (方便的) than before. 【答案】convenient 【详解】句意：互联网使交流比以前更加方便了。convenient“方便的”，形容词，在句中作宾语补足语。 10．This new technology has a great ________ (影响) on our daily life. 【答案】influence 【详解】句意：这项新技术对我们的日常生活有很大的影响。影响“influence”，可数名词，根据空前有不定冠词a，可知此处应用单数形式influence。 二、根据首字母填空，每小题1分，满分10分 1．The s________ used clay to make a beautiful vase in the art class. 【答案】sculptor/culptor 【详解】句意：这个雕塑家在美术课上用黏土制作了一个漂亮的花瓶。根据首字母提示和“used clay to make a beautiful vase”可知，此处表示用黏土制作花瓶的人，名词sculptor“雕塑家”符合语境，故填sculptor。 2．Edison i________ the light bulb, which brings light to people’s life. 【答案】invented/nvented 【详解】句意：爱迪生发明了电灯泡，它给人们的生活带来了光明。根据“the light bulb, which brings light to people’s life”以及首字母i可推知，爱迪生是电灯泡的发明者，“发明”对应的英文单词是invent；又因为爱迪生发明电灯泡是过去发生的事，所以要用一般过去时，即invented。故填invented。 3．The doctor t________ the patient’s malaria with a special medicine. 【答案】treated/reated 【详解】句意：这位医生用一种特殊的药物治疗了病人的疟疾。根据首字母提示t和句中“the patient’s malaria with a special medicine”可知，此处需要表达“治疗”的含义，且句子描述的是过去发生的动作，应使用动词treat的过去式treated。故填treated。 4．The ancient coins are from the Tang D________ and are very valuable. 【答案】Dynasty/ynasty 【详解】句意：这些古钱币来自唐朝，非常珍贵。根据“the Tang...”以及首字母提示可知，此处表示唐朝，英文表达为the Tang Dynasty。故填Dynasty。 5．The student was s________ to see that his painting was on show in the museum. 【答案】surprised/urprised 【详解】句意：这个学生看到自己的画在博物馆展出，感到很惊讶。根据句意及首字母可知，此处需填入描述情绪的形容词作表语，surprised“感到惊讶的、意外的”，形容词，符合语境。故填surprised。 6．The artist prefers painting l________ to painting portraits. 【答案】landscapes/andscapes 【详解】句意：这位艺术家比起画肖像，更喜欢画风景。根据语境及首字母“l”提示，此处应填表示“风景画”的单词。"landscape"风景；风景画，符合语境，且"painting landscapes"画风景画，是常见搭配。故填landscapes。 7．The ancient Chinese invented the c________, which helped people tell time. 【答案】clock/lock 【详解】句意：古代中国人民发明了钟表，帮助人们计时。空格前有定冠词the，空格处需要填入名词作动词invented的宾语；句中“tell time”以及首字母c表示发明的是钟表“clock”，用来记录时间。 8．The scientist was a________ a prize for his great discovery in medicine. 【答案】awarded/warded 【详解】句意：这位科学家因其在医学上的重大发现而被授予奖项。根据首字母提示和“a prize for his great discovery”可知，此处表示“被授予”，动词award“授予”符合语境。句子为被动语态，结构为“was+过去分词”，故填awarded。 9．The earthquake caused great d________ to the ancient buildings in the city. 【答案】damage/amage 【详解】句意：地震对该市的古建筑造成了严重破坏。根据“caused great … to the ancient buildings”及首字母d可知，此处表示“破坏，损害”，应用名词damage，不可数名词，符合语境。故填damage。 10．The volunteers are working in the museum to g________ the visitors around. 【答案】guide/uide 【详解】句意：志愿者们正在博物馆里工作，带领游客四处参观。根据首字母提示和“the visitors around”可知，此处表示“带领、引导”，动词guide符合语境，且“guide sb. around”是固定搭配，意为“带领某人四处参观”；不定式符号to后接动词原形。故填guide。 三、用单词的适当形式填空，每小题1分，满分10分 1．This new kind of phone is very _________ for students who study online. (use) 【答案】useful 【详解】句意：这种新型手机对在线学习的学生非常有用。空格前有副词very，需填形容词作表语，所给词use的形容词形式为useful，意为“有用的”。 2．The story sounds ________ (believe). 【答案】believable 【详解】句意：这个故事听起来是可信的。系动词sounds后需要接形容词作表语，需将动词believe变为形容词believable，意为“可信的、可相信的”。 3．The ________ (invent) spent all his life making new things. 【答案】inventor 【详解】句意：这位发明家一生都在创造新事物。此处作主语，应使用名词表示“发明家”，invent的名词形式为inventor；根据his可知为单数意义，应用单数形式inventor。故填inventor。 4．He became ________ (success) after years of hard work. 【答案】successful 【详解】句意：经过多年的努力，他获得了成功。become为系动词，后面需要接形容词作表语，success是名词，其形容词形式为successful，表示“成功的”。 5．The old man is ________ (able) to walk without a stick. 【答案】unable 【详解】句意：这位老人没有拐杖不能走路。空处位于be动词后面，应填形容词形式，“without a stick”提示老人没有拐杖应是不能走路的，unable“不能的”。 6．Space ________ (explore) is meaningful to humans. 【答案】exploration 【详解】句意：太空探索对人类而言是有意义的。空处是作主语，需要用名词exploration，表示“探索”。 7．With the ________ (develop) of technology, our life is easier. 【答案】development 【详解】句意：随着科技的发展，我们的生活变得更加便利。The是定冠词，of是介词，两者之间必须填入名词。需将动词develop变为名词形式development，构成固定短语with the development of...，意为“随着……的发展”。 8．Yuan Longping is a great Chinese ________ (science). 【答案】scientist 【详解】句意：袁隆平是一位伟大的中国科学家。 冠词“a”后需接一个单数名词指人，“science”的名词形式“scientist”意为“科学家”。 9．His ________ (paint) of mountains is very popular. 【答案】painting 【详解】句意：他的山景画非常受欢迎。分析句子结构，形容词性物主代词His后跟名词，作句子主语。根据His...of mountains，可知空处意思是“画”，对应英文为painting。根据谓语动词is，可知主语是单数，故填painting。 10．We take ________ (proud) in our traditional culture. 【答案】pride 【详解】句意：我们为我们的传统文化感到自豪。take pride in意为“以……为傲、对……感到自豪”，需将形容词proud变为名词pride。 四、单项选择，每小题1分，满分15分 1．—I have never seen such amazing 3D artworks. —________ amazing they are! A．What B．How C．What an D．How an 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我从未见过如此令人惊叹的3D艺术品。——它们是多么令人惊叹啊！ What多么，引导修饰名词的感叹句；How多么，引导修饰形容词或副词的感叹句；What an多么……的一个，引导修饰元音音素开头的单数可数名词的感叹句；How an错误结构。根据“…amazing they are!”可知，中心词是形容词amazing，符合“How+形容词+主语+谓语”结构。应填How。 2．—________ interesting movie it is! Let’s go to the theater. —Great idea. Let’s go. A．How B．How a C．What an D．What a 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——这是一部多么有趣的电影啊！我们去电影院吧。——好主意。走吧。 How修饰形容词或副词，What修饰名词。本句中心词是名词“movie”，应用What引导；“interesting”以元音音素开头，不定冠词用an。结构为“What + an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！”。 3．—What ________  terrible weather! —Yes! It is such ________ cold day that you’d better stay at home. A．a ; a B．/ ; a C．/ ; / D．a ; / 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——多么糟糕的天气啊！——是的！这是如此寒冷的一天，你最好待在家里。 weather是不可数名词，在What引导的感叹句中，不可数名词前不加冠词，所以第一空不填；day是可数名词单数，such修饰单数可数名词时用“such a+形容词+名词”结构，所以第二空填a。 4．________ great progress she has made in her schoolwork this term! A．What a B．What C．How a D．How 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她这学期在功课上取得了多么大的进步啊！ what引导感叹句修饰名词；how引导感叹句修饰形容词或副词。progress是不可数名词，不能用不定冠词a修饰，所以用“What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语” 的结构，应填What。 5．— ________ beautiful the garden is! —Yes, and it is ________ than the one in our neighborhood. A．How; more beautiful B．What; more beautiful C．How; beautiful D．What a; beautiful 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这个花园多么漂亮啊！——是的，而且它比我们社区的那个更漂亮。 第一空中心词是形容词beautiful，符合“How+形容词+主语+谓语！”结构；第二空根据关键词than可知要用比较级，beautiful是多音节词，比较级为more beautiful。 6．________ exciting movie it is! I want to watch it again. A．How B．What C．What a D．What an 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这是一部多么令人激动的电影啊！我想再看一遍。 此句是感叹句，中心词是单数名词movie，exciting以元音音素开头，应用What an引导感叹句。 7．—What ________ useful advice you gave me! It really helps me a lot. —You're welcome. I hope you can have ________ better life from now on. A．a; a B．an; the C．/; a D．the; / 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你给了我多么有用的建议啊！它真的帮了我很多。——不客气。我希望你从现在起能过上更好的生活。 a一个，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the这个、那个，表示特指；/不填。advice是不可数名词， What引导的感叹句中，修饰不可数名词时前面不加冠词，所以第一空不填；life在此处表示“一种……的生活”，是可数名词单数，have a better life是固定搭配，表示“过上更好的生活”，better以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a，第二空填a。应填/；a。 8．________ it seems to cook stir-fried eggs and tomatoes! A．How simply B．What simple C．What simply D．How simple 【答案】D 【详解】句意：西红柿炒鸡蛋看起来多么简单啊！ simply简单地，副词；simple简单的，形容词。这是感叹句，中心词是形容词simple，感叹形容词用How，符合结构“How+adj.+主+谓”。 9．—How ________ the street is! I can’t even hear myself talking. —The construction site next door is making too much ________. A．noisy; noise B．noise; noisy C．noisy; noisy D．noise; noise 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这条街多吵啊！我甚至听不见自己说话。——隔壁的建筑工地噪音太大了。 noisy吵闹的，形容词；noise噪音，名词。第一句为how引导的感叹句，结构为“How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!”，空格处需要形容词作表语修饰street，因此第一空填noisy；第二空中too much后接不可数名词，空格处需要名词作宾语，因此第二空填noise。 10．—________ awful day! I was late for school and I left my homework at home. —You’d better be more careful next time! A．What a B．How a C．How an D．What an 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——多么糟糕的一天！我上学迟到了，还把作业忘在家里了。——你下次最好更细心点！ 感叹句结构：what引导的感叹句强调名词，结构为“What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！”；how引导的感叹句强调形容词或副词，结构为“How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！”本题中“awful day”是名词短语，day为可数名词单数，awful以元音音素开头，应填what an。 11．—________ difficult it is to learn sign language!   —Yes, but it’s very useful for helping the deaf. A．What B．What a C．How D．How a 【答案】C 【详解】句意：学习手语是多么困难啊！是的，但它对帮助听障人士非常有用。 感叹句中，修饰形容词difficult要用How，结构为How+形容词+主语+谓语！What用于修饰名词，不符合此处结构。 12．—________ bad weather it was yesterday!  —Yes. The rain was falling all the time. It was ________ awful day! A．What a; a B．What a; an C．What; a D．What; an 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——昨天的天气多糟糕啊！——是的。雨一直下。真是糟糕的一天！ 第一空，句子是感叹句，weather是不可数名词，应用what引导感叹句，结构为What + adj. + 不可数名词 + 主谓 + 其他；第二空，day是可数名词单数，且awful以元音音素开头，应用an。 13．—________ nice weather it is! —Let’s go out for a walk. A．What B．What a C．How D．How a 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——多么好的天气啊！——我们出去散步吧。 中心词weather是不可数名词，应用What引导，且不可数名词前不能用冠词a/an。结构为：What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！应填What。 14．—Look! ________ the rides are moving ________! —Wow! I am beginning to feel dizzy (头晕目眩的) now. A．What high speed, at B．What high speed, in C．What a high speed, at D．How high speed, at 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——看！这些游乐设施正以多么高的速度移动啊！——哇！我现在开始觉得头晕了。 通常引导感叹句会用what或how。What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！名词为可数单数 时，加不定冠词，比如What a beautiful flower (it is)！名词为可数复数或不可数时，不加冠词，比如What lovely weather (we have)！ How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！speed 既可用作可数也可作不可数名词，本题侧重“at high speed”的固定搭配，通常不加冠词，故选项 C 不符合习惯表达，答案为 A。 15．— ________ to the eyes the Yellow Mountain is! —Of course. It is the most beautiful mountain I have been to. A．How a treat B．What a treat C．How treat D．What treat 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——黄山真是视觉享受啊！——当然。它是我去过的最美丽的山。 treat在此处作名词，意为“享受”，是可数名词单数。感叹句中心词是名词，应用What引导，结构为What+a/an+名词+主语+谓语！How修饰形容词或副词，所以应填What a treat。 五、完成句子，每小题1分，满分15分 1．梵高是世界上最著名的艺术家之一。 Van Gogh is one of the ________ ________ ________ in the world. 【答案】 most famous artists 【详解】原句中“最著名的艺术家”是关键词，“最著名的”英文表达是the most famous，“艺术家”的英文表达为artist。根据“one of the ______”可知，此处考查结构one of+adj.最高级+可数名词复数。空格前已有定冠词the，可直接填写most famous；artist为可数名词，需用复数形式artists。 2．这个发明改变了人们的交流方式。 This invention ________ the way people ________ with each other. 【答案】 changed communicate 【详解】原句中“改变”是关键词，表示“改变”的单词是change。本句描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，主语是this invention，动词用过去式changed；“交流”对应的单词是communicate，在the way引导的定语从句中，主语people 为复数，用一般现在时communicate。故填changed；communicate。 3．她喜欢用水彩画美丽的风景。 She likes ________ beautiful ________ with ________. 【答案】 painting/drawing scenery/views watercolor/watercolour/watercolors/watercolours 【详解】原句中有三个关键词：“水彩”、“画”和“风景”。本句缺少宾语，谓语动词likes后面要跟名词或动名词，因此表示“画”的paint或draw要加ing。表示“风景”可以用scenery或view，因前面没有冠词，故此处用复数形式，scenery表示“风景”时为不可数名词。根据“用水彩”以及句中的with可知此处为方式状语，with后面跟名词，用watercolor/watercolour表示“水彩”这种作画方法或watercolors/watercolours表示“水彩颜料”这种作画工具均符合句意。 4．我们应该学习伟大发明和发现的历史。 We should ________ the ________ of great ________ and ________. 【答案】 learn history inventions discoveries 【详解】原句中“学习”是关键词，表示“学习”的短语是learn。“伟大发明和发现的历史”中，“历史”对应的英文是history，“发明”对应的英文是invention，此处指多个发明，用复数形式inventions；“发现”对应的英文是discovery，此处指多个发现，用复数形式discoveries。本句为情态动词should引导的句子，should后接动词原形，且“the history of...”是固定搭配，表示“……的历史”。故填learn；history；inventions；discoveries。 5．纸是由木头制成的，它是中国的伟大发明之一。 Paper ________ ________ ________ wood and it’s one of the great ________ of China. 【答案】 is made from inventions 【详解】前三空：原句中“由……制成”是关键词，表示“由……制成”的动词短语是be made from，表示原材料发生化学变化，不能直接看出原材料。主语Paper是第三人称单数，be动词用is。后一空：原句中“发明”是关键词，表示“发明”的名词是invention，one of后接可数名词复数，invention的复数形式为inventions。 6．这位艺术家一生创作了许多著名的画作。 The artist ________ many famous paintings in his ________. 【答案】 created life 【详解】原句中“创作”和“一生”是关键词。create“创造”，动词，此句是一般过去时，动词用过去式created；life“生活”，不可数名词。 7．屠呦呦自愿在自己身上测试这种药物。 Tu Youyou ________ to ________ the medicine on ________. 【答案】 volunteered test herself 【详解】此句是一般过去时态。自愿做某事：volunteer to do sth，volunteer的过去式是volunteered；测试：test；她自己：herself。 8．造纸术有助于传播知识。 Paper-making ________ to ________ knowledge. 【答案】 helps spread 【详解】原句中“有助于传播”是关键词。句子为一般现在时，主语是Paper-making，谓语动词用单数。帮助：help，helps单数形式，help to do sth“帮助做某事”；传播：spread，故填helps；spread。 9．许多发明家在成功之前失败了很多次。 Many inventors ________ many times ________ they ________. 【答案】 failed before succeeded 【详解】第一空表示“失败”，句子描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，这里用过去式failed；第二空表示“在……之前”，用连词before，引导时间状语从句；第三空表示“成功”，同样用过去式succeeded。 10．阿拉伯数字系统有助于科学和经济的发展。 The Arabic number system ________ the ________ of science and the ________. 【答案】 helps development economy 【详解】原句中“有助于”、“发展”和“经济”是关键词，表示“有助于”的单词是help，该句陈述一般事实，应用一般现在时，主语为单数，谓语动词用三单形式helps，“发展”在句中作宾语，应用名词development，“经济”在此处指整体，应用单数形式economy。 11．为人类进步开发新技术是多么重要啊！ ________ ________ it is to ________ new technologies for human ________! 【答案】 How important develop progress 【详解】 根据中英文对照可知，此处是how引导的感叹句，缺少“多么重要”，“开发”，“进步”，句首首字母大写，How +形容词开头，develop new technologies“开发新技术”，human progress“人类进步”，符合语境。 12．我们应该学习发明家们永不放弃的精神。 We should ________ from the ________ of the inventors who never ________ ________. 【答案】 learn spirit give up 【详解】原句中“学习”是关键词，对应短语learn from，情态动词should后接动词原形；“精神”是关键词，对应英文表达spirit；“永不放弃”是关键词，对应短语give up，who引导的定语从句主语inventors是复数形式，动词用原形。故填learn；spirit；give；up。 13．协和式飞机从纽约飞到伦敦不到三个小时。 The Concorde ________  ________ from New York to London in ________ than three hours. 【答案】 could fly less 【详解】原句中“能”是关键词，对应情态动词could；“飞”是关键词，对应动词fly，情态动词could后接动词原形；“不到”是关键词，常用less than来表达。故填could；fly；less。 14．第一架直升机直到大约 1940 年才被制造出来。 The first helicopter ________ ________ until around 1940. 【答案】 wasn’t built 【详解】原句中“直到……才……”是关键词，表示“直到……才”的句型是not...until...，本句为被动语态，描述过去的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was/were+过去分词，主语The first helicopter是第三人称单数，be动词用was，否定形式缩写为wasn’t，build的过去分词为built。 15．此外，它给我的生活带来了更多乐趣。 ________ ________, it ________ more fun into my life. 【答案】 What’s more brings 【详解】原句中“此外”、“带来”是关键词，表示“此外”的固定短语是What’s more，用于句首表递进，表示“带来”的单词是bring，该句陈述一般事实，应用一般现在时，主语为单数it，谓语动词用三单形式brings。 六、语法选择，每小题1分，满分20分 Human progress 1 by great inventions throughout history. The wheel, 2 around 3500 BC, completely changed transportation and farming, making work much easier. In modern times, the Internet 3 one of the most important inventions, connecting billions of people. It allows people all over the world 4 information quickly and learn new things every day. Meanwhile, scientists 5 on many amazing projects now. Some 6 ways to use 3D printing for building houses, which could help create homes faster. Others 7 about space exploration and the chance to find other planets. The James Webb Space Telescope, 8 in 2021, has already sent back incredible images of space that amaze everyone. However, new technology sometimes brings problems along with its benefits. We must be careful 9 AI tools because they might replace some jobs and affect our daily lives. Therefore, governments need to make rules 10 new inventions are used safely and responsibly. With proper management, future discoveries will continue to improve our lives and make the world better. 1．A．has been shaped B．shaped C．was shaping 2．A．inventing B．invented C．was invented 3．A．becomes B．become C．has become 4．A．share B．to share C．sharing 5．A．work B．are working C．worked 6．A．develop B．are developing C．developed 7．A．excited B．excite C．are excited 8．A．launching B．launch C．launched 9．A．with B．at C．for 10．A．so that B．because C．when 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．B 6．B 7．C 8．C 9．A 10．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了人类发明推动社会发展，并列举了一些现代发明与科技。 1．句意：历史上伟大的发明塑造了人类的进步。 主语“Human progress”与动词shape“塑造”是被动关系， 用被动语态“be+过去分词”，选项中只有has been shaped是被动语态。 2．句意：公元前3500年左右发明的轮子彻底改变了交通和农业，使工作变得更加容易。 主语“The wheel”与动词invent“发明”是被动关系，此处为非限制性定语从句的省略形式，用过去分词invented作后置定语。 3．句意：在现代，互联网已经成为连接数十亿人的最重要的发明之一。 根据“connecting billions of people”可知，此处表示互联网在现代的影响，时态用现在完成时“have/has+过去分词”，此处填has become。 4．句意：它使世界各地的人们能够快速共享信息，每天学习新事物。 allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”，此处用share“分享”的不定式形式to share作宾语补足语。 5．句意：与此同时，科学家们正在进行许多令人惊叹的项目。 根据“now”可知，表示正在进行的事，时态用现在进行时“is/am/are+现在分词”，此处填are working。 6．句意：一些人正在开发使用3D打印建造房屋的方法，这可能有助于更快地建造房屋。 此处列举科学家们正在进行的项目，结合上文“now”可知，一些人正在开发使用3D打印建造房屋的方法，时态仍用现在进行时“is/am/are+现在分词”，此处填are developing。 7．句意：其他人对太空探索和寻找其他行星的机会感到兴奋。 be excited about“对……感到兴奋”，时态为现在时，主语Others表示复数，be动词用are，此处填are excited。 8．句意：2021年发射的詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜已经传回了令人惊叹的太空图像。 根据“in 2021”可知，时态为一般过去时，此处填动词launch“发射”的过去式launched。 9．句意：我们必须小心使用人工智能工具，因为它们可能会取代一些工作并影响我们的日常生活。 be careful with表示“对……小心”。 10．句意：因此，政府需要制定规则，以便安全和负责任地使用新发明。 so that“以便”引导目的状语从句。 Last month, a major scientific discovery in artificial intelligence 1 the National Innovation Prize. The invention—an intelligent learning system—didn’t happen 2 accident. A research team worked hard for over five years before they finally succeeded. This system is designed to help students learn more efficiently. It can process 3 pieces of learning information and spread much knowledge in a more vivid and understandable way. For example, it uses virtual reality to 4 students to “travel” inside a cell or “walk” on Mars. Teachers can use it to make 5 easier to explain difficult concepts. What’s more, the system encourages students to learn by themselves. They can imagine 6 their own science projects or doing experiments in a simulated lab. It offers 7 every day—maybe a challenging maths game or an interesting historical story. 8 encouraging it is to see technology changing education! This system is even 9 than we thought. It hardly leaves any student behind—whether they learn fast 10 need more time. We’re living in a wonderful time full of creativity and discoveries. Maybe one day, you will also create something important that helps people around the world! 1．A．awarded B．is awarded C．was awarded 2．A．in B．by C．on 3．A．thousands of B．thousand of C．several thousands of 4．A．allow B．make C．let 5．A．that B．it C．this 6．A．design B．to design C．designing 7．A．something exciting B．exciting something C．anything exciting 8．A．What B．How C．What an 9．A．powerful B．more powerful C．much powerful 10．A．and B．so C．or 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．B 10．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了一项获得国家创新奖的人工智能学习系统的科学发现。该系统能帮助学生高效学习，通过虚拟现实等技术实现沉浸式教学，并鼓励学生自主学习。 1．句意：上个月，一项人工智能领域的重大科学发现被授予国家创新奖。 awarded过去式和过去分词；is awarded一般现在时的被动语态；was awarded一般过去时的被动语态。根据“Last month”可知，时态是一般过去时；主语“a major scientific discovery”是动词的承受者，应用被动语态，所以此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。 2．句意：这项发明 ——一个智能学习系统——并非偶然出现。 in在……里面；by通过；on在……上面。by accident意为“偶然地”，为固定搭配。故选B。 3．句意：它能处理成千上万条学习信息，并以更生动易懂的方式传播大量知识。 thousands of成千上万的；thousand of错误表达；several thousands of错误表达。当thousand与of连用时，需用复数形式，thousands of表示模糊概念，其前不能加several。故选A。 4．句意：例如，它使用虚拟现实让学生在细胞内“旅行”或在火星上“行走”。 allow允许；make使、让；let让。根据空格后的“students to ‘travel’”可知，此处应用allow sb. to do sth.表示“允许某人做某事”，而make和let后接sb. do sth.结构。故选A。 5．句意：老师们可以用它让讲解难懂的概念变得更容易。 that那个；it它；this这个。根据“Teachers can use it to make...easier to explain difficult concepts.”可知，空格处应选it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式to explain difficult concepts。故选B。 6．句意：他们可以想象设计自己的科学项目，或在模拟实验室里做实验。 design动词原形；to design动词不定式；designing现在分词和动名词。imagine doing sth.意为“想象做某事”，为固定搭配。故选C。 7．句意：它每天都会提供一些令人兴奋的内容——也许是一个有挑战性的数学游戏，或是一个有趣的历史故事。 something exciting令人兴奋的事情；exciting something错误表达；anything exciting任何令人兴奋的事情。something和anything都是复合不定代词，修饰成分需置于其后，所以选项B错误；something常用于肯定句，anything常用于否定句和疑问句，根据“It offers...every day”可知，这是一个肯定句，所以something exciting符合语境。故选A。 8．句意：看到科技改变教育，这是多么鼓舞人心啊！ What引导感叹句时，修饰名词；How引导感叹句时，修饰形容词和副词；What an引导感叹句时，修饰单数可数名词。根据空格后的“encouraging it is to see technology changing education!”可知，此感叹句的中心词是形容词encouraging，应用How引导此感叹句。故选B。 9．句意：这个系统甚至比我们想象的更强大。 powerful形容词原级；more powerful形容词比较级；much powerful错误表达（much通常不修饰形容词原级）。根据空格后的“than”可知，空格处应用比较级。故选B。 10．句意：它几乎不让任何一个学生掉队——无论他们学得快还是需要更多时间。 and和；so所以；or或、还是。whether...or...意为“无论……还是……”，为固定搭配，用于连接两种相反或不同的情况。故选C。 2 / 17 1 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $