Unit 8 Literature文学（话题阅读精练）英语北师大版选择性必修第三册

Unit 8 Literature文学 话题阅读精练 主题词汇积累 一、文学体裁与作品类 be fond of detective stories（喜欢侦探小说） read science fiction novels（读科幻小说） enjoy classical poetry（欣赏古典诗歌） read folk tales and fairy tales（读民间故事和童话故事） love adventure romances（喜爱冒险爱情故事） appreciate literary works（欣赏文学作品） write short stories（写短篇小说） create fantasy works（创作幻想作品） 二、阅读感受与体验类 be absorbed in a book（沉浸在书中） find the plot fascinating（觉得情节引人入胜） be impressed by the vivid description（被生动的描写打动） feel the dramatic tension（感受到戏剧化的紧张感） be attracted by the mysterious plot（被悬疑的情节吸引） recite the beautiful verses（背诵优美的诗句） figure out the story's riddle（解开故事的谜题） enjoy the logic of the detective story（欣赏侦探小说的逻辑） 三、文学创作与赏析类 analyse the character's personality（分析人物性格） understand the story's setting（理解故事的背景） study the literary structure（研究文学结构） use literary devices（使用文学手法） describe the tone of the poem（描述诗歌的基调） comment on the author's writing style（评论作者的写作风格） explore the theme of the work（探究作品的主题） appreciate the rhyme of the poetry（欣赏诗歌的韵律） 四、作家与创作类 be a famous novelist/poet/dramatist（是著名的小说家 / 诗人 / 剧作家） create typical characters（塑造典型人物） write masterpieces with surprise endings（创作带有意外结局的杰作） express emotions through words（通过文字表达情感） reflect social life in works（在作品中反映社会生活） develop a unique writing style（形成独特的写作风格） 时文拓展阅读 Literature is the mirror of human life, and it is also the torch that lights up the human spirit. Every piece of classic literary work is a precious treasure left by the author to the world, carrying the author's thoughts, emotions and understanding of life. Reading literature is not just a simple act of receiving information, but a deep communication between the reader and the author, and even with the whole human society. When we read a novel, we follow the characters to experience their joys and sorrows, walk into their inner world, and thus understand different life experiences and human nature. When we read a poem, we feel the author's delicate emotions in the beautiful lines and rhymes, and experience the beauty of language and the power of emotion. However, in the era of fast food culture and short video popularization, fewer and fewer people are willing to spend time reading classic literary works. Many people think that literature is distant from real life and has no practical use. But they ignore the fact that literature can shape our personality, enrich our spiritual world and improve our ability to perceive and express emotions. A good literary work can let us see the beauty and ugliness, good and evil in the world, and teach us to think independently and judge right and wrong. It can also give us strength when we are in trouble, and let us find the direction when we are confused. Just as the famous writer Mo Yan said, literature is the warmest corner in the world, which can comfort every lonely soul. To read literature is to embrace life. No matter how fast the pace of life is, we should keep the habit of reading classic literature, let the fragrance of books accompany us, and let the power of literature nourish our growth. 【译文欣赏】 文学是人类生活的镜子，也是照亮人类精神的火把。每一部经典的文学作品，都是作者留给世界的宝贵财富，承载着作者的思想、情感与对生活的理解。 阅读文学并非简单的信息接收行为，而是读者与作者，甚至与整个人类社会的深度交流。当我们读一部小说，便跟随人物经历他们的喜怒哀乐，走进他们的内心世界，从而体会不同的人生经历与人性本质。当我们读一首诗歌，便在优美的字句与韵律中感受作者细腻的情感，体验语言的美感与情感的力量。 然而，在快餐文化与短视频普及的时代，愿意花时间阅读经典文学作品的人越来越少。很多人认为文学与现实生活相距甚远，没有实际用处。但他们忽略了，文学能够塑造我们的人格，丰富我们的精神世界，提升我们感知与表达情感的能力。 一部优秀的文学作品，能让我们看到世间的美与丑、善与恶，教会我们独立思考、明辨是非。它也能在我们遭遇困境时给予力量，在我们迷茫时指引方向。正如著名作家莫言所说，文学是世间最温暖的角落，能抚慰每一个孤独的灵魂。 阅读文学，便是拥抱生活。无论生活的节奏有多快，我们都应保持阅读经典文学的习惯，让书香伴身，让文学的力量滋养我们的成长。 【词汇积累】 英文单词 音标 词性 中文释义 torch /tɔːtʃ/ n. 火把；火炬 precious /ˈpreʃəs/ adj. 珍贵的；宝贵的 delicate /ˈdelɪkət/ adj. 细腻的；精致的 popularization /ˌpɒpjuːləraɪˈzeɪʃn/ n. 普及；推广 ignore /ɪɡˈnɔː(r)/ vt. 忽略；忽视 shape /ʃeɪp/ vt. 塑造；使成形 perceive /pəˈsiːv/ vt. 感知；察觉 ugliness /ˈʌɡlinəs/ n. 丑陋；丑恶 fragrance /ˈfreɪɡrəns/ n. 香味；芬芳 nourish /ˈnʌrɪʃ/ vt. 滋养；养育 【知识拓展】 经典文学作品是人类文明的结晶，它不仅是文字的堆砌，更是时代的缩影、人性的写照。阅读文学作品，能让我们突破自身生活的局限，跨越时间和空间的壁垒，去体验不同时代、不同地域的生活百态，理解多样的人性与情感。比如读中国古典名著《红楼梦》，我们能窥见清代贵族家庭的兴衰，感受封建时代女性的命运与悲欢；读加西亚・马尔克斯的《百年孤独》，能走进拉丁美洲的魔幻世界，体会家族百年的孤独与时代的变迁。同时，文学还能提升我们的语言表达能力、共情能力和批判性思维，让我们学会用更细腻、更深刻的视角看待世界和生活。 高考真题链接 【2018年浙江卷6月】 In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century — most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719 — but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy（识字） rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.”Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad. In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters — from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim — were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon（名人堂） of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa. How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. It’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a singular writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture — to understand how he made himself a lasting one. 21. Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century? A. They were difficult to understand. B. They were popular among the rich. C. They were seen as nearly worthless. D. They were written mostly by women. 22. Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress ________. A. his reputation in France B. his interest in modern art C. his success in publication D. his importance in literature 23. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To remember a great writer. B. To introduce an English novel. C. To encourage studies on culture. D. To promote values of the Victorian age. 【导语】本文写于Charles Dickens诞辰200周年前夕，介绍了Charles Dickens在英国小说方面的重要贡献和深远影响。 21.C 细节理解题。根据第一段对当时情况的描写nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy（识字）rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors... Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad.印刷技术落后，人们识字率低，作品上没有作者名字，小说被认为是愚蠢的不正常的，毫无价值可言。故选C。 22.D 推理判断题。根据第二段Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged.和列举的Charles Dickens小说的影响可知，把他和Mona Lisa相比是为了说明Charles Dickens在英国小说方面的重要性和Mona Lisa在绘画方面的重要性是一样的，故选D。 23.A 写作意图题。根据文中对Charles Dickens及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的描写，和文章最后But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.可知本文是写于Charles Dickens诞辰200周年前夕，由此可知作者写本文是为了纪念这位伟大的作家。故选A。 1．In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters — from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim — were held up as moral touchstones. 抓标志：从属连词 when；非限制性定语从句引导词 who、whose；插入语 判类型：时间状语从句 + 主句（含非限制性定语从句、插入语、同位语） 试翻译：1870 年狄更斯去世时，全世界哀悼他，视他为第一位享誉全球、深受爱戴的职业作家和出版商。他推动了小说出版量和读者数量的爆发式增长，他笔下的人物 —— 从奥利弗・退斯特到小蒂姆 —— 都被奉为道德的试金石。 2．But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture — to understand how he made himself a lasting one. 抓标志：从属连词 as；连接词 how；插入语 判类型：时间状语从句 + it 作形式主语的主句（含宾语从句、插入语） 试翻译：但随着他诞辰 200 周年的临近，我们有可能 —— 而且对我们自身的文化而言也很重要 —— 去理解他是如何让自己名垂青史的。 ①date back to / date from　　　　　 追溯到；始于 ②for the most par 多半；在很大程度上；通常 ③lead to 导致；引发 ④be looked upon as 被看作是；被视为 ⑤all walks of life 各行各业；各界人士 综合实战演练 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 记叙文 325 介绍了美国著名女作家Eudora在纽约通过晚餐结交了新朋友，他们成为了她的写作素材。 Passage2 阅读理解 记叙文 411 文章讲述了作者从一名阅读困难的孩子到最终成为一名成功的作家的故事，告诉我们书本的魅力。 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 330 主要介绍了印刷书籍和阅读对人类的重要意义。 Passage4 阅读理解 应用文 239 介绍了作家Jo Usmar最喜欢的书籍。 Passage5 七选五 说明文 273 主要介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验和心得以及从中获得的乐趣。 Passage6 七选五 说明文 237 主要介绍了如何赏析经典小说的实用方法。 Passage7 完形填空 记叙文 226 主要讲述了作者一次在火车上偶遇了一个年轻的中国男子，在交谈中发现，年轻人见多识广、自学成才。 Passage8 语法填空 说明文 220 文章主要介绍了寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。 Passage 1 On one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a comfortable East Side cafe and within minutes, another customer was approaching their table. ＂Hey, aren’t you from Mississippi?＂the elegant, white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger. ＂I’m from Mississippi too.＂ Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair. ＂They began telling me all the news of Mississippi,＂ Welty said. ＂I didn’t know what my New York friends were thinking.＂ Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside. Welty’s new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel, her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi state reunion(团聚). ＂My friend said: ‘Now we believe your stories,’＂ Welty added. ＂And I said: ‘Now you know. These are the people that make me write them.’＂ Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation. ＂I don’t make them up,＂ she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years.＂I don’t have to.＂ Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Welty’s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out. Sometimes, sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment(片段) of a particularly interesting story. 1. What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe? A. Two strangers joined her. B. Her childhood friends came in. C. A heavy rain ruined the dinner. D. Some people held a party there. 2. The underlined word ＂them＂ in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty’s _____________. A. readers B. parties C. friends D. stories 3. What can we learn about the characters in Welty’s fiction? A. They live in big cities. B. They are mostly women. C. They come from real life. D. They are pleasure seekers. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 【导语】本文介绍了美国著名女作家Eudora在纽约通过晚餐结交了新朋友，他们成为了她的写作素材。 1. A 细节理解题。第三段中的＂the woman＂指的是第二段中的那个陌生人，根据第三段中的＂When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair＂可知，陌生女子的晚餐伙伴也加入了她们的行列中，故有两个陌生人加入到了Welty和朋友的晚餐中。 2. D 代词指代题。画线词所在句＂These are the people that make me write them＂的主语These指的就是像那两位陌生人那样的人，换言之，这些新朋友就成了Welty笔下的写作素材，这些人就是让她写小说的人，故them指的是＂小说＂。 3. C 推理判断题。根据＂I don’t make them up＂和＂Welty’s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus.＂可知，Welty小说里的人物并非虚构的，他们都来源于现实的生活，故选C。 Passage 2 One day when I was 12, my mother gave me an order: I was to walk to the public library, and borrow at least one book for the summer. This was one more weapon for her to defeat my strange problem — inability to read. In the library, I found my way into the “Children’s Room.” I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random. The cover of a book caught my eye. It presented a picture of a beagle. I had recently had a beagle, the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child. He was my secret sharer, but one morning, he was gone, given away to someone who had the space and the money to care for him. I never forgot my beagle. There on the book’s cover was a beagle which looked identical (相同的)to my dog. I ran my fingers over the picture of the dog on the cover. My eyes ran across the title, Amos, the Beagle with a Plan. Unknowingly, I had read the title. Without opening the book, I borrowed it from the library for the summer. Under the shade of a bush, I started to read about Amos. I read very, very slowly with difficulty. Though pages were turned slowly, I got the main idea of the story about a dog who, like mine, had been separated from his family and who finally found his way back home. That dog was my dog, and I was the little boy in the book. At the end of the story, my mind continued the final scene of reunion, on and on, until my own lost dog and I were, in my mind, running together. My mother’s call returned me to the real world. I suddenly realized something: I had read a book, and I had loved reading that book. Everyone knew I could not read. But I had read it. Books could be incredibly wonderful and I was going to read them. I never told my mother about my “miraculous” (奇迹般的) experience that summer, but she saw a slow but remarkable improvement in my classroom performance during the next year. And years later, she was proud that her son had read thousands of books, was awarded a PhD in literature, and authored his own books, articles, poetry and fiction. The power of the words has held. 1. The author’s mother told him to borrow a book in order to___________. A. encourage him to do more walking B. let him spend a meaningful summer C. help cure him of his reading problem D. make him learn more about weapons 2. The book caught the author’s eye because____________. A. it contained pretty pictures of animals B. it reminded him of his own dog C. he found its title easy to understand D. he liked children’s stories very much 3. Why could the author manage to read the book through? A. He was forced by his mother to read it. B. He identified with the story in the book. C. The book told the story of his pet dog. D. The happy ending of the story attracted him. 4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. The author has become a successful writer. B. The author’s mother read the same book. C. The author’s mother rewarded him with books. D. The author has had happy summers ever since. 5. Which one could be the best title of the passage? A. The Charm of a Book B. Mum’s Strict Order C. Reunion with My Beagle D. My Passion for Reading 【导语】文章讲述了作者从一名阅读困难的孩子到最终成为一名成功的作家的故事，告诉我们书本的魅力。 1. C细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句This was one more weapon for her to defeat my strange problem — inability to read.可知母亲让他借书看是为了治愈他的阅读问题。故选C。 2.B细节理解题。根据文章第二段 The cover of a book caught my eye. It presented a picture of a beagle. I had recently had a beagle, the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child.可知此本书引起作者注意的原因。选B。 3.B推理判断题。根据第四段 That dog was my dog, and I was the little boy in the book. At the end of the story, my mind continued the final scene of reunion on and on, until my own lost dog and I were, in my mind, running together.可知作者感同身受地把自己与书本得主人公联系在一起。选B。 4. A 推理判断题。根据最后一段And years later, she was proud that her son had read thousands of books, was awarded a PhD in literature, and authored his own books, articles, poetry and fiction.可以判断出作者最终成为一名成功的作家。故选A。 5. A 主旨大意题。文章讲述了作者从一名阅读困难的孩子到最终成为一名成功的作家的故事，从而展现给我们书本的魅力。故选A。 Passage 3 Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time. In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to. Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures. Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity. 1. Where is the text most probably taken from? A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing. C. A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings. 2. What are the selected artworks about? A. Wealth and intellect. B. Home and school. C. Books and reading. D. Work and leisure. 3. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Understand. B. Paint. C. Seize. D. Transform. 4. What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader? A. The printed book is not totally out of date. B. Technology has changed the way we read. C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked. D. People now rarely have the patience to read. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了印刷书籍和阅读对人类的重要意义。 1.推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章第一段“Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. (Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers这一活动是为书籍这一日常物品办的典礼，这里有来自世界各地博物馆的近三百件艺术品)”以及倒数第二段“Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. (在印刷机广泛使用之前，书籍是珍贵的物品，它们本身就可以成为艺术品)”可推知，本文最有可能出自一篇关于著作艺术的文章。故选B。 2.细节理解题。通过文章第二段“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”可知，选定的艺术品是关于书籍和阅读的。故选C。 3.词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”以及“These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments (这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一些时刻)”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带，故与画线短语“relate to”意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。故选A。 4.推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader (它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性)”以及“printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity (印刷书籍仍然提供了完全私人的“离线”活动的机会)”可推知，本文作者提到电子阅读器想表达的是印刷书籍并没有完全过时。故选A。 Passage 4 My Favourite Books Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series(系列)of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads. Matilda Roald Dahl I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words. Matilda's battles with her cruel me parents and the bossy headmisres，Miss Trunchbull，are equally fumy and frightening，but they're also aspirational. After Dark Haruki Murakami It’s about two sisters-Eri，a model who either won’t or can’t stop sleeping，and Mari, a young student . In trying to connect to her sister. Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse ”night people” who are hiding secrets. Gone Girl Gillian Fynn There was a bit of me that didn't want to love this when everyone else on the planet did but the horror story is brilliant. There's tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. It's a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what's going on is horribly enjoyable The Stand Stephen King This is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the world's population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those let. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever. 1. Who does "I" refer to in the text? A. Stephen King. B. Gillian Flynn. C. Jo Usmar. D. Roald Dahl 2. Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri? A. Cosmopolitan. B. Matilda. C. After Dark. D. The Stand. 3. What kind of book is Gone Girl? A. A folk tale. B. A biography. C. A love story. D. A horror story. 【导语】这是一篇应用文。短文介绍了作家Jo Usmar最喜欢的书籍。 1.C 细节理解题。由Matilda中的“I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl’s writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words”可知，我曾经写过一篇关于童话故事对罗尔德·达尔写作有影响的论文，这篇论文让我对他奇怪而有趣的文字有了新的认识。所以Jo Usmar在介绍Matilda这本书，用第一人称“I”口吻来说明自己曾经写过一篇关于童话故事对罗尔德·达尔写作有影响的论文。所以“I”指的是Jo Usmar。故C选项正确。 2.C 细节理解题。由After Dark中的“It’s about two sister-Eri,a model who either won’t or can’t stop sleeping, and Mari,a young student”可知，故事讲的是两个姐妹---Eri是一个突然一觉不醒的模特。玛丽，是一个充满青春活力的学生。所以After Dark中讲述了Eri和Mari的故事。故C选项正确。 3.D 细节理解题。由Gone Girl中的“......but the horror story is brilliant”可知，但是这个恐怖的故事很精彩。所以Gone Girl讲述的是一个恐怖故事。故D选项正确。 Passage 5 Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). ____1___ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker. ____2___ Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus. ____3____ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced. In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it's not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. ____4____ However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better. For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. "To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work," wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of "dull". ___5____ A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience. A. I don't often use this dictionary. B. It takes no account of the context. C. But I still don't want to replace them. D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G. Dictionaries don't always give you enough information. 【答案】1. F 2. B 3. E 4. A 5. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验和心得以及从中获得的乐趣。 1.上文“If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript(如果你想发表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的)”提到了完美的、专业的手稿的重要性，手稿中不能有语法和拼写错误是专业的手稿的要求之一。F选项“That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.(这意味着语法正确，没有拼写错误。)”是对手稿要求的进一步解释说明，符合题意。故选F项。 2.上文“I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker.(我不相信我笔记本电脑的拼写检查器。)”提到了作者不相信电脑的拼写检查器;下文“Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.(当然，现在有很多在线词典和同义词库，但我是一个守旧的人，更喜欢精装的书和能用手指翻阅的书页。)”提到了作者更喜欢实体书和能用手指翻阅的书页，说明电子设备可能不会考虑上下文，所以B选项“It takes no account of the context.(它不考虑上下文。)”解释了上文的原因，具有承上启下的作用。故选B项。 3.下文“It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.(它应该给出每个单词的精确定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。它通常还会显示单词的发音。)”提到了字典的功能，E选项“Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.(当然，字典不仅仅是用来拼写的。)”提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文内容。故选E项。 4.下文“However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s nothing better.(然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的来源或查找其用法的例子，没有什么比这更好的了。)”提到了字典的使用情况，A选项“I don’t often use this dictionary.(我不经常用这本字典。)”是对字典使用频率的说明，与下文构成转折关系。故选A项。 5.上文“ “To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work, ” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of ”dull".(约翰逊在解释“dull”的一个定义时写道：“编字典是件无聊的工作(乏味)。”)”提到了编写字典是件乏味的工作，下文“A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.(花几分钟的时间浏览一两页是一种有益的体验。)”提到浏览字典也是一种阅读的乐趣，D选项“But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.(但是一本字典读起来是一种乐趣。)”是作者对字典的评价，与上文的“乏味”形成对比，与上文构成转折关系。故选D项。 Passage 6 How to appreciate a classic novel? Here are some useful tips for you. 1 Before reading a classic novel, it is necessary to know about the author's life experience and the social background of the times when the novel was written. This can help us better understand the theme and meaning of the novel. Pay attention to the plot and structure of the novel. The plot of a classic novel is usually very wonderful, with ups and downs. 2 We can also analyse the structure of the novel to see how the author arranges the plot and expresses the theme. Dig into the characters of the novel. 3 Every classic novel has typical characters, and the author shapes the characters through their words, deeds and inner activities. We can analyse the characters' personalities and fates to understand the author's attitude and thoughts. Pay attention to the language of the novel. The language of a classic novel is usually very exquisite and vivid. 4 We can appreciate the beauty of the language and learn the author's writing skills. After reading the novel, we can communicate with others. 5 We can share our feelings and understanding of the novel with our classmates, friends or teachers, which can make us have a deeper understanding of the novel. Appreciating a classic novel is a process of spiritual communication. If we master the right methods, we can get more from classic novels. A. Know about the background of the novel. B. We can follow the plot to experience the story and feel the emotions of the characters. C. The characters are the soul of the novel. D. We can pay attention to the author's use of words and sentences. E. Reading classic novels is a good way to enrich our knowledge. F. Communication can make our understanding of the novel more comprehensive. G. We should read as many classic novels as possible in our spare time. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何赏析经典小说的实用方法，从阅读前的背景了解、阅读中的情节/人物/语言分析，到阅读后的交流分享，为读者提供了完整的赏析思路。 1. A. 空前内容：Before reading a classic novel, it is necessary to know about the author's life experience and the social background of the times when the novel was written. This can help us better understand the theme and meaning of the novel.（在阅读经典小说前，有必要了解作者的生平经历和小说创作时代的社会背景，这能帮助我们更好地理解小说的主题和内涵。）本段的核心话题是阅读前的背景准备，空处需要一个能概括本段主旨的主题句。A 选项直接点明 “了解小说的背景”，完美契合本段内容，是对前文的精准总结，因此选 A。 2. B. 空前内容：Pay attention to the plot and structure of the novel. The plot of a classic novel is usually very wonderful, with ups and downs.（关注小说的情节和结构。经典小说的情节通常十分精彩，跌宕起伏。） 空后内容：We can also analyse the structure of the novel to see how the author arranges the plot and expresses the theme.（我们也可以分析小说的结构，了解作者如何安排情节、表达主题。）本段围绕 “情节与结构” 展开，空前讲了情节的精彩性，空后讲了结构的分析。空处需要承接 “情节” 话题，给出具体的赏析方法。B 选项 “我们可以跟随情节体验故事，感受人物的情感”，紧扣plot关键词，承上启下，完美衔接上下文，因此选 B。 3. C. 空前内容：Dig into the characters of the novel.（深入挖掘小说中的人物。）空后内容：Every classic novel has typical characters, and the author shapes the characters through their words, deeds and inner activities. We can analyse the characters' personalities and fates to understand the author's attitude and thoughts.（每部经典小说都有典型的人物，作者通过人物的言行、内心活动塑造形象。我们可以分析人物的性格与命运，理解作者的态度与思想。）本段的核心是 “人物分析”，空处需要一个主题句，点明人物在小说中的核心地位。C 选项 “人物是小说的灵魂”，高度概括了人物的重要性，自然引出后文对人物塑造、人物分析的具体阐述，因此选 C。 4. D. 空前内容：Pay attention to the language of the novel. The language of a classic novel is usually very exquisite and vivid.（关注小说的语言。经典小说的语言通常十分精妙、生动。）空后内容：We can appreciate the beauty of the language and learn the author's writing skills.（我们可以欣赏语言之美，学习作者的写作技巧。） 本段围绕 “小说语言” 展开，空前点明了语言的特点，空后讲了语言赏析的意义。空处需要具体说明如何赏析语言，D 选项 “我们可以关注作者对词句的运用”，直接回应language话题，给出了可操作的赏析方法，衔接自然，因此选 D。 5. F. 空前内容：After reading the novel, we can communicate with others.（读完小说后，我们可以和他人交流。）空后内容：We can share our feelings and understanding of the novel with our classmates, friends or teachers, which can make us have a deeper understanding of the novel.（我们可以和同学、朋友、老师分享对小说的感受和理解，这能让我们对小说有更深刻的认识。）本段的核心是 “阅读后的交流分享”，空处需要总结交流的作用。F 选项 “交流能让我们对小说的理解更全面”，精准概括了交流的意义，完美承接前后文，因此选 F。 Passage 7 While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful ____21____ with a local that all travelers long for. A young Chinese man ____22____ me on the train. My ____23____ friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the ____24____ to practice my Chinese. Over several hours, he would tell me about how he had ____25____ a two-year professional school to quickly find a job ____26____ highways in order to help support his family. Perhaps the most ____27____, however, was the fact that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor. Without batting an eye, he would ____28____ a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American ____29____ as a whole. ”And what do you all learn about Russian authors?” I ____30____ him asking at one point. It would have been easy to ____31____ my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. But this highly informed, ____32____ , and admirable person prevented me doing so. In the course of a couple of hours, he ____33____ me just how much one can gain from ____34____ with an open mind, and a willingness to ____35____ with locals from all walks of life. 21. A. experiment B. encounter C. competition D. appointment 22. A. treated B. saved C. lectured D. approached 23. A. true B. so-called C. new D. long-lost 24. A. chance B. advice C. trouble D. right 25. A. visited B. financed C. attended D. founded 26. A. building B. sweeping C. checking D. guarding 27. A. typical B. obvious C. natural D. remarkable 28. A. publish B. quote C. сорy D. download 29. A. writers B. historians C. workers D. students 30. A. anticipate B. imagine C. recall D. catch 31. A. look into B. rely on C. go over D. deal with 32. A. well-behaved B. multi-skilled C. warm-hearted D. self-educated 33. A. asked B. warned C. showed D. promised 34. A. traveling B. reading C. searching D. teaching 35. A. cooperate B. side C. negotiate D. engage 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一次在火车上偶遇了一个年轻的中国男子，在交谈中发现，年轻人见多识广、自学成才，是一个令人钦佩的人。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在中国西北部的塔克拉玛干沙漠边缘坐了20个小时的火车时，其间我与一个当地人有了一种谦卑、有教育意义的，最重要的是，美妙的邂逅，这是所有旅行者都渴望的。A. experiment实验；B. encounter邂逅；C. competition比赛；D. appointment任命。根据后文“with a local that all travelers long for”指作者和当地人有了一次美妙的邂逅。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位年轻的中国男子在火车上向我走来。A. treated对待；B. saved拯救；C. lectured演讲；D. approached靠近。根据后文“me on the train”以及后文两人交谈，可知一位年轻的中国男子在火车上向作者走来。故选D。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的新朋友几乎不会说英语，所以我很高兴地抓住这个机会练习我的中文。A. true真的；B. so-called所谓的；C. new新的；D. long-lost很久不见的。根据上文“A young Chinese man”可知，两人是在火车上认识的，所以是新朋友。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的新朋友几乎不会说英语，所以我很高兴地抓住这个机会练习我的中文。A. chance机会；B. advice建议；C. trouble麻烦；D. right权利。根据后文“to practice my Chinese”可知，作者抓住这个机会练习中文。故选A。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时里，他会告诉我他是如何参加了一个为期两年的专业学校，以便迅速找到一份工作，修建高速公路，以帮助支持他的家庭。A. visited拜访；B. financed提供资金；C. attended参加，上(学)；D. founded成立。根据后文“a two-year professional school”可知，指这个年轻人去上了一个为期两年的专业学校。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时里，他会告诉我他是如何参加了一个为期两年的专业学校，以便迅速找到一份工作，修建高速公路，以帮助支持他的家庭。A. building修建；B. sweeping打扫；C. checking检查；D. guarding守卫。根据后文“highways in order to help support his family”可知，年轻人修建高速公路，以帮助支持他的家庭。故选A。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，也许最值得注意的是这个人每天在辛苦的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习。A. typical典型的；B. obvious显然的；C. natural自然的；D. remarkable引人注目的。根据后文“this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor.”可知，这个人每天在辛苦的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习，这是最值得注意的品质。故选D。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他会眼都不眨地引用翻译的爱默生的一段话，然后再询问美国作家对文学的整体影响。A. publish出版；B. quote引用；C. copy复制；D. download下载。根据后文“a translated Emerson passage”指引用翻译的爱默生的一段话，故选B。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他会眼都不眨地引用翻译过的爱默生的一段话，然后再询问美国作家对文学的整体影响。A. writers作者；B. historians历史学家；C. workers工人；D. students学生。根据上文“a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American”以及后文“And what do you all learn about Russian authors?(你们对俄罗斯作家有什么了解？)”可知，年轻人对美国和俄罗斯的作家感兴趣。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你们对俄罗斯作家有什么了解？”我记得他曾经问过。A. anticipate预期；B. imagine想象；C. recall记起；D. catch抓住。根据后文“him asking at one point”可知，作者在回忆年轻人提过的问题。故选C。 【31题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：对于这位从未离开过家乡几百英里的公路建设者，我很容易凭空想象。A. look into调查；B. rely on依靠；C. go over复习；D. deal with处理。根据后文“my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home”可知，年轻人从来没有离开过离家几百英里的地方，因此作者很容易依靠自己的假设对他进行判断。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这位见多识广、自学成才、令人钦佩的人阻止了我这么做。A. well-behaved行为端正的；B. multi-skilled多技能的；C. warm-hearted热心的；D. self-educated自学的。呼应上文“this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor.(这个人每天在繁重的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习)”，指这个年轻人的自学能力。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时的时间里，他向我展示了带着开放的心态旅行，并愿意与来自各行各业的当地人打交道，会有多么大的收获。A. asked询问；B. warned警告；C. showed展示；D. promised承诺。根据后文“me just how much one can gain from”指年轻人通过自己向作者展示了一个人可以从开放的心态和愿意与各行各业的当地人交往中获得多少收获。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时的时间里，他向我展示了带着开放的心态旅行，并愿意与来自各行各业的当地人打交道，会有多么大的收获。A. traveling旅行；B. reading阅读；C. searching搜索；D. teaching教学。根据后文“with an open mind, and a willingness to”结合作者当时在乘火车旅行，所以是指带着开放的心态旅行，故选A。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时的时间里，他向我展示了带着开放的心态旅行，并愿意与来自各行各业的当地人打交道，会有多么大的收获。A. cooperate合作；B. side边；C. negotiate协商；D. engage参与。根据后文“with locals from all walks of life”指和各行各业的当地人打交道，应用短语engage with表示“与……接触”。故选D。 Passage 8 For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) ___41___ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the ___42___ (six) century, B. C. Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ___43___ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, ___44___ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, ___45___ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ___46___ (intend) for everyone. ___47___ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility ___48___ saving their environment. The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty ___49___ (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still ____50____ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。 【41题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。 【42题详解】 考查数词。句意：寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分，而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。 【43题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。 【44题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 【45题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。 【46题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的严肃信息。be intended for打算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。 【47题详解】 考查形容词。句意：与传统寓言不同，卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。be different from与……不同，所以用形容词作状语。故填Different。 【48题详解】 考查介词。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。take responsibility for对……负责。故填for。 【49题详解】 考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。 【50题详解】 考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 12 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 8 Literature文学 话题阅读精练 主题词汇积累 一、文学体裁与作品类 be fond of detective stories（喜欢侦探小说） read science fiction novels（读科幻小说） enjoy classical poetry（欣赏古典诗歌） read folk tales and fairy tales（读民间故事和童话故事） love adventure romances（喜爱冒险爱情故事） appreciate literary works（欣赏文学作品） write short stories（写短篇小说） create fantasy works（创作幻想作品） 二、阅读感受与体验类 be absorbed in a book（沉浸在书中） find the plot fascinating（觉得情节引人入胜） be impressed by the vivid description（被生动的描写打动） feel the dramatic tension（感受到戏剧化的紧张感） be attracted by the mysterious plot（被悬疑的情节吸引） recite the beautiful verses（背诵优美的诗句） figure out the story's riddle（解开故事的谜题） enjoy the logic of the detective story（欣赏侦探小说的逻辑） 三、文学创作与赏析类 analyse the character's personality（分析人物性格） understand the story's setting（理解故事的背景） study the literary structure（研究文学结构） use literary devices（使用文学手法） describe the tone of the poem（描述诗歌的基调） comment on the author's writing style（评论作者的写作风格） explore the theme of the work（探究作品的主题） appreciate the rhyme of the poetry（欣赏诗歌的韵律） 四、作家与创作类 be a famous novelist/poet/dramatist（是著名的小说家 / 诗人 / 剧作家） create typical characters（塑造典型人物） write masterpieces with surprise endings（创作带有意外结局的杰作） express emotions through words（通过文字表达情感） reflect social life in works（在作品中反映社会生活） develop a unique writing style（形成独特的写作风格） 时文拓展阅读 Literature is the mirror of human life, and it is also the torch that lights up the human spirit. Every piece of classic literary work is a precious treasure left by the author to the world, carrying the author's thoughts, emotions and understanding of life. Reading literature is not just a simple act of receiving information, but a deep communication between the reader and the author, and even with the whole human society. When we read a novel, we follow the characters to experience their joys and sorrows, walk into their inner world, and thus understand different life experiences and human nature. When we read a poem, we feel the author's delicate emotions in the beautiful lines and rhymes, and experience the beauty of language and the power of emotion. However, in the era of fast food culture and short video popularization, fewer and fewer people are willing to spend time reading classic literary works. Many people think that literature is distant from real life and has no practical use. But they ignore the fact that literature can shape our personality, enrich our spiritual world and improve our ability to perceive and express emotions. A good literary work can let us see the beauty and ugliness, good and evil in the world, and teach us to think independently and judge right and wrong. It can also give us strength when we are in trouble, and let us find the direction when we are confused. Just as the famous writer Mo Yan said, literature is the warmest corner in the world, which can comfort every lonely soul. To read literature is to embrace life. No matter how fast the pace of life is, we should keep the habit of reading classic literature, let the fragrance of books accompany us, and let the power of literature nourish our growth. 【译文欣赏】 文学是人类生活的镜子，也是照亮人类精神的火把。每一部经典的文学作品，都是作者留给世界的宝贵财富，承载着作者的思想、情感与对生活的理解。 阅读文学并非简单的信息接收行为，而是读者与作者，甚至与整个人类社会的深度交流。当我们读一部小说，便跟随人物经历他们的喜怒哀乐，走进他们的内心世界，从而体会不同的人生经历与人性本质。当我们读一首诗歌，便在优美的字句与韵律中感受作者细腻的情感，体验语言的美感与情感的力量。 然而，在快餐文化与短视频普及的时代，愿意花时间阅读经典文学作品的人越来越少。很多人认为文学与现实生活相距甚远，没有实际用处。但他们忽略了，文学能够塑造我们的人格，丰富我们的精神世界，提升我们感知与表达情感的能力。 一部优秀的文学作品，能让我们看到世间的美与丑、善与恶，教会我们独立思考、明辨是非。它也能在我们遭遇困境时给予力量，在我们迷茫时指引方向。正如著名作家莫言所说，文学是世间最温暖的角落，能抚慰每一个孤独的灵魂。 阅读文学，便是拥抱生活。无论生活的节奏有多快，我们都应保持阅读经典文学的习惯，让书香伴身，让文学的力量滋养我们的成长。 【词汇积累】 英文单词 音标 词性 中文释义 torch /tɔːtʃ/ n. 火把；火炬 precious /ˈpreʃəs/ adj. 珍贵的；宝贵的 delicate /ˈdelɪkət/ adj. 细腻的；精致的 popularization /ˌpɒpjuːləraɪˈzeɪʃn/ n. 普及；推广 ignore /ɪɡˈnɔː(r)/ vt. 忽略；忽视 shape /ʃeɪp/ vt. 塑造；使成形 perceive /pəˈsiːv/ vt. 感知；察觉 ugliness /ˈʌɡlinəs/ n. 丑陋；丑恶 fragrance /ˈfreɪɡrəns/ n. 香味；芬芳 nourish /ˈnʌrɪʃ/ vt. 滋养；养育 【知识拓展】 经典文学作品是人类文明的结晶，它不仅是文字的堆砌，更是时代的缩影、人性的写照。阅读文学作品，能让我们突破自身生活的局限，跨越时间和空间的壁垒，去体验不同时代、不同地域的生活百态，理解多样的人性与情感。比如读中国古典名著《红楼梦》，我们能窥见清代贵族家庭的兴衰，感受封建时代女性的命运与悲欢；读加西亚・马尔克斯的《百年孤独》，能走进拉丁美洲的魔幻世界，体会家族百年的孤独与时代的变迁。同时，文学还能提升我们的语言表达能力、共情能力和批判性思维，让我们学会用更细腻、更深刻的视角看待世界和生活。 高考真题链接 【2018年浙江卷6月】 In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century — most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719 — but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy（识字） rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.”Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad. In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters — from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim — were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon（名人堂） of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa. How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. It’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a singular writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture — to understand how he made himself a lasting one. 21. Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century? A. They were difficult to understand. B. They were popular among the rich. C. They were seen as nearly worthless. D. They were written mostly by women. 22. Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress ________. A. his reputation in France B. his interest in modern art C. his success in publication D. his importance in literature 23. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To remember a great writer. B. To introduce an English novel. C. To encourage studies on culture. D. To promote values of the Victorian age. 1．In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters — from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim — were held up as moral touchstones. 抓标志：从属连词 when；非限制性定语从句引导词 who、whose；插入语 判类型：时间状语从句 + 主句（含非限制性定语从句、插入语、同位语） 试翻译：1870 年狄更斯去世时，全世界哀悼他，视他为第一位享誉全球、深受爱戴的职业作家和出版商。他推动了小说出版量和读者数量的爆发式增长，他笔下的人物 —— 从奥利弗・退斯特到小蒂姆 —— 都被奉为道德的试金石。 2．But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture — to understand how he made himself a lasting one. 抓标志：从属连词 as；连接词 how；插入语 判类型：时间状语从句 + it 作形式主语的主句（含宾语从句、插入语） 试翻译：但随着他诞辰 200 周年的临近，我们有可能 —— 而且对我们自身的文化而言也很重要 —— 去理解他是如何让自己名垂青史的。 ①date back to / date from　　　　　 追溯到；始于 ②for the most par 多半；在很大程度上；通常 ③lead to 导致；引发 ④be looked upon as 被看作是；被视为 ⑤all walks of life 各行各业；各界人士 综合实战演练 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 记叙文 325 介绍了美国著名女作家Eudora在纽约通过晚餐结交了新朋友，他们成为了她的写作素材。 Passage2 阅读理解 记叙文 411 文章讲述了作者从一名阅读困难的孩子到最终成为一名成功的作家的故事，告诉我们书本的魅力。 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 330 主要介绍了印刷书籍和阅读对人类的重要意义。 Passage4 阅读理解 应用文 239 介绍了作家Jo Usmar最喜欢的书籍。 Passage5 七选五 说明文 273 主要介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验和心得以及从中获得的乐趣。 Passage6 七选五 说明文 237 主要介绍了如何赏析经典小说的实用方法。 Passage7 完形填空 记叙文 226 主要讲述了作者一次在火车上偶遇了一个年轻的中国男子，在交谈中发现，年轻人见多识广、自学成才。 Passage8 语法填空 说明文 220 文章主要介绍了寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。 Passage 1 On one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a comfortable East Side cafe and within minutes, another customer was approaching their table. ＂Hey, aren’t you from Mississippi?＂the elegant, white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger. ＂I’m from Mississippi too.＂ Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair. ＂They began telling me all the news of Mississippi,＂ Welty said. ＂I didn’t know what my New York friends were thinking.＂ Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside. Welty’s new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel, her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi state reunion(团聚). ＂My friend said: ‘Now we believe your stories,’＂ Welty added. ＂And I said: ‘Now you know. These are the people that make me write them.’＂ Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation. ＂I don’t make them up,＂ she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years.＂I don’t have to.＂ Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Welty’s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out. Sometimes, sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment(片段) of a particularly interesting story. 1. What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe? A. Two strangers joined her. B. Her childhood friends came in. C. A heavy rain ruined the dinner. D. Some people held a party there. 2. The underlined word ＂them＂ in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty’s _____________. A. readers B. parties C. friends D. stories 3. What can we learn about the characters in Welty’s fiction? A. They live in big cities. B. They are mostly women. C. They come from real life. D. They are pleasure seekers. Passage 2 One day when I was 12, my mother gave me an order: I was to walk to the public library, and borrow at least one book for the summer. This was one more weapon for her to defeat my strange problem — inability to read. In the library, I found my way into the “Children’s Room.” I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random. The cover of a book caught my eye. It presented a picture of a beagle. I had recently had a beagle, the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child. He was my secret sharer, but one morning, he was gone, given away to someone who had the space and the money to care for him. I never forgot my beagle. There on the book’s cover was a beagle which looked identical (相同的)to my dog. I ran my fingers over the picture of the dog on the cover. My eyes ran across the title, Amos, the Beagle with a Plan. Unknowingly, I had read the title. Without opening the book, I borrowed it from the library for the summer. Under the shade of a bush, I started to read about Amos. I read very, very slowly with difficulty. Though pages were turned slowly, I got the main idea of the story about a dog who, like mine, had been separated from his family and who finally found his way back home. That dog was my dog, and I was the little boy in the book. At the end of the story, my mind continued the final scene of reunion, on and on, until my own lost dog and I were, in my mind, running together. My mother’s call returned me to the real world. I suddenly realized something: I had read a book, and I had loved reading that book. Everyone knew I could not read. But I had read it. Books could be incredibly wonderful and I was going to read them. I never told my mother about my “miraculous” (奇迹般的) experience that summer, but she saw a slow but remarkable improvement in my classroom performance during the next year. And years later, she was proud that her son had read thousands of books, was awarded a PhD in literature, and authored his own books, articles, poetry and fiction. The power of the words has held. 1. The author’s mother told him to borrow a book in order to___________. A. encourage him to do more walking B. let him spend a meaningful summer C. help cure him of his reading problem D. make him learn more about weapons 2. The book caught the author’s eye because____________. A. it contained pretty pictures of animals B. it reminded him of his own dog C. he found its title easy to understand D. he liked children’s stories very much 3. Why could the author manage to read the book through? A. He was forced by his mother to read it. B. He identified with the story in the book. C. The book told the story of his pet dog. D. The happy ending of the story attracted him. 4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. The author has become a successful writer. B. The author’s mother read the same book. C. The author’s mother rewarded him with books. D. The author has had happy summers ever since. 5. Which one could be the best title of the passage? A. The Charm of a Book B. Mum’s Strict Order C. Reunion with My Beagle D. My Passion for Reading Passage 3 Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time. In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to. Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures. Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity. 1. Where is the text most probably taken from? A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing. C. A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings. 2. What are the selected artworks about? A. Wealth and intellect. B. Home and school. C. Books and reading. D. Work and leisure. 3. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Understand. B. Paint. C. Seize. D. Transform. 4. What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader? A. The printed book is not totally out of date. B. Technology has changed the way we read. C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked. D. People now rarely have the patience to read. Passage 4 My Favourite Books Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series(系列)of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads. Matilda Roald Dahl I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words. Matilda's battles with her cruel me parents and the bossy headmisres，Miss Trunchbull，are equally fumy and frightening，but they're also aspirational. After Dark Haruki Murakami It’s about two sisters-Eri，a model who either won’t or can’t stop sleeping，and Mari, a young student . In trying to connect to her sister. Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse ”night people” who are hiding secrets. Gone Girl Gillian Fynn There was a bit of me that didn't want to love this when everyone else on the planet did but the horror story is brilliant. There's tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. It's a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what's going on is horribly enjoyable The Stand Stephen King This is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the world's population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those let. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever. 1. Who does "I" refer to in the text? A. Stephen King. B. Gillian Flynn. C. Jo Usmar. D. Roald Dahl 2. Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri? A. Cosmopolitan. B. Matilda. C. After Dark. D. The Stand. 3. What kind of book is Gone Girl? A. A folk tale. B. A biography. C. A love story. D. A horror story. Passage 5 Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). ____1___ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker. ____2___ Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus. ____3____ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced. In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it's not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. ____4____ However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better. For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. "To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work," wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of "dull". ___5____ A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience. A. I don't often use this dictionary. B. It takes no account of the context. C. But I still don't want to replace them. D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G. Dictionaries don't always give you enough information. Passage 6 How to appreciate a classic novel? Here are some useful tips for you. 1 Before reading a classic novel, it is necessary to know about the author's life experience and the social background of the times when the novel was written. This can help us better understand the theme and meaning of the novel. Pay attention to the plot and structure of the novel. The plot of a classic novel is usually very wonderful, with ups and downs. 2 We can also analyse the structure of the novel to see how the author arranges the plot and expresses the theme. Dig into the characters of the novel. 3 Every classic novel has typical characters, and the author shapes the characters through their words, deeds and inner activities. We can analyse the characters' personalities and fates to understand the author's attitude and thoughts. Pay attention to the language of the novel. The language of a classic novel is usually very exquisite and vivid. 4 We can appreciate the beauty of the language and learn the author's writing skills. After reading the novel, we can communicate with others. 5 We can share our feelings and understanding of the novel with our classmates, friends or teachers, which can make us have a deeper understanding of the novel. Appreciating a classic novel is a process of spiritual communication. If we master the right methods, we can get more from classic novels. A. Know about the background of the novel. B. We can follow the plot to experience the story and feel the emotions of the characters. C. The characters are the soul of the novel. D. We can pay attention to the author's use of words and sentences. E. Reading classic novels is a good way to enrich our knowledge. F. Communication can make our understanding of the novel more comprehensive. G. We should read as many classic novels as possible in our spare time. Passage 7 While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful ____21____ with a local that all travelers long for. A young Chinese man ____22____ me on the train. My ____23____ friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the ____24____ to practice my Chinese. Over several hours, he would tell me about how he had ____25____ a two-year professional school to quickly find a job ____26____ highways in order to help support his family. Perhaps the most ____27____, however, was the fact that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor. Without batting an eye, he would ____28____ a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American ____29____ as a whole. ”And what do you all learn about Russian authors?” I ____30____ him asking at one point. It would have been easy to ____31____ my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. But this highly informed, ____32____ , and admirable person prevented me doing so. In the course of a couple of hours, he ____33____ me just how much one can gain from ____34____ with an open mind, and a willingness to ____35____ with locals from all walks of life. 21. A. experiment B. encounter C. competition D. appointment 22. A. treated B. saved C. lectured D. approached 23. A. true B. so-called C. new D. long-lost 24. A. chance B. advice C. trouble D. right 25. A. visited B. financed C. attended D. founded 26. A. building B. sweeping C. checking D. guarding 27. A. typical B. obvious C. natural D. remarkable 28. A. publish B. quote C. сорy D. download 29. A. writers B. historians C. workers D. students 30. A. anticipate B. imagine C. recall D. catch 31. A. look into B. rely on C. go over D. deal with 32. A. well-behaved B. multi-skilled C. warm-hearted D. self-educated 33. A. asked B. warned C. showed D. promised 34. A. traveling B. reading C. searching D. teaching 35. A. cooperate B. side C. negotiate D. engage Passage 8 For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) ___41___ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the ___42___ (six) century, B. C. Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ___43___ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, ___44___ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, ___45___ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ___46___ (intend) for everyone. ___47___ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility ___48___ saving their environment. The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty ___49___ (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still ____50____ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 12 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $