高一英语下学期期中模拟卷02（沪教版，上海专用）

高一英语下学期期中模拟卷02（上海通用） 英 语·参考答案 （满分140分，考试用时120分钟） I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） 1—5 DBCBB 6—10 ACBDA 11—15 BCBBD 16—20 CCABD II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A 21．longer 22．to culture 23．are easily damaged 24．if 25．their 26．cultivating 27．tested 28．nor 29．which 30．which Section B 31. J 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. I 36. K 37. G 38. E 39. H 40. B III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A 41. B 42. A 43. D 44. C 45. B 46. A 47. C 48. B 49. B 50. A 51. C 52. C 53. A 54. B 55. D Section B 56. C 57. C 58. D 59. C 60. D 61. C 62. D 63. C 64. A 65. D 66. C Section C 67. D 68. A 69. F 70. E IV.Summary Writing (共10分） 71.Sleep paralysis, a normal function during REM sleep, refers to a temporary inability to move when waking up. It can be triggered by factors including poor sleep habits and weak physical condition. Although common, it does not typically require treatment. For those needing help, improving sleep practices or seeking medical advice are effective solutions. V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) 72.At the school gate, her mother packed a pair of gloves and a woolen scarf into her bag. 73.The game based on Chinese classical novels exposes many foreign players to Eastern charm. 74.The engineer invested all his efforts in chip research, constantly overcoming difficulties, and earned the title “Role Model of the Times.” 75.In a weightless environment, eating and drinking are so challenging that Chinese astronauts’ deep love for food enabled them to enjoy a barbecue feast successfully in the space station. VI.Guided Writing (共25分) Hi, Worried, Learning that you tend to lose your temper recently and it has had a bad influence on your study and daily life, I understand your trouble and would like to offer you some suggestions. It’s normal for you to feel annoyed and upset when you are in trouble. Try taking a deep breath to calm down, which can help you think more clearly and react more calmly. Additionally, you’d better have a chat with someone you trust, which is a good way of letting your anger out. Sometimes, just sharing your feelings with someone else can make a big difference. Last but not least, going outdoors and playing team games with your friends are good approaches to getting rid of anger keep in mind that a positive attitude towards life can be helpful in lifting your spirits. Please let me know how things are going. Remember, I’m always here to support you. Yours, Li Hua 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Listening comprehension section a directions in section a, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said, the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once after you hear a conversation and the question about IT, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answers to the question you have heard. When did you finish the report for mr. smith? almost. I just need to check the data one more time. Question, what does the man mean? Two, should we take the bus or walk to the park? It's only a ten minute walk and the weather is nice. Question, what will they probably do? Three, I can't find my keys. Have you seen them? I have searched the entire living room. They are on the kitchen table next to your bag. Question, where are the keys? For the movie starts at seven PM. Let's me half an hour before the phone starts. Okay, but I might be ten minutes late. Question, when will the woman arrive? Five, how do you feel about the upcoming company annual meeting? Mark. i'm looking forward to IT. It's a great opportunity to bond with colleagues and share ideas in . a relax setting question. What is the man's opinion of the company annual meeting? Six, do you know if the library is open on weekends? Yes, but IT closes at five P. M. On sundays. Question, what does the woman say about the library? Seven, i'm thinking of buying a new laptop. Any suggestions? The one I bought last month is really good. It's on sale now. Question, what does the man suggest? Eight, I heard your moving to a new apartment. Yes, it's closer to my office so I can save time. Commuting question, what does the woman imply about her current apartment? Nine, the concert tickets are sold out. What should we do? Let's check online. Sometimes people resell their tickets. Question, what does the woman imply about the tickets? Ten, have you considered the implications of the new environmental regulations on our project? Lara. yes. We've discussed at length they require us to adopt more sustainable practices, which might increase costs initially, but we will benefit us in the long run. Question. what impact do the new environmental regulations have on their project? Section b directions in section b, you will hear two short pass passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once when you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answered to the question you have heard. Questions eleven through thirteen are based on the following passage. In recent years, the popularity of electric vehicles evs has grown significantly. Many people are choosing evs over traditional gasoline powered cars because they are more environmentally friendly. Evs produce zero emissions, which helps produce air pollution in combat climate change. Additionally, evs are often cheaper to maintain since they have fewer moving parts and don't require oil changes. However, there are still some chAllenges to widespread evy adoption. One major issue is the limited availability of charging stations, especially in rural areas. Another concern is the time IT takes to charge in E, V compared to the quick refusing of a gasoline car. Despite these chAllenges, governments and companies are investing heavily in improving EV technology and infrastructure. For example, many countries are offering financial aims to encourage people to buy evs, such as tax breaks and subsidies. Now listen again, please. In recent years, the popularity of electric vehicles evs has grown significantly. Many people are choosing evs over traditional gasoline power cars because they are more environmentally friendly. Evs produce zero emissions, which helps reduce air pollution and combat climate change. Additionally, evs are often cheaper to maintain since they have you were moving parts and don't require oil changes. However, there are still some chAllenges to widespread EV adoption. One major issue is the limited availability of charging stations, especially in rural areas. Another concern is the time IT takes to charge in EV compared to the quick revealing of a gasoline car. Despite these chAllenges, governments and companies are investing heavily in improving evy technology and infrastructure. For example, many countries are offering financial AIDS to encourage people to buy evs, such as taxing and subsidies. Questions eleven, why are many people choosing electric vehicles over traditional cars? Twelve, what is one chAllenge of using electric vehicles? Thirteen, what are governments doing to encourage the purchase of electric vehicles? Questions fourteen through sixteen are based on the following passage. Good morning, everyone. Welcome to our series on how urban spaces are changing. Today we're going to talk about the evolution of city parks and why they matter more than ever. Our story starts in mid eighteen. Hundreds cities were booming because of industrial zh. Streets were packed with people, horses and carriages. But even with all this activity, there was a strong desire for peace and nature. That's when city parks like new york central park and london's hide park came in. They were like calm oasis in the busy cities. These parks were made to be a getaway from the noise and pollution of city life. Families could have picnics, kids could play and couples could walk together. As time moved on, parks change to fit the needs of city people. In the nineteen hundreds, parks started to add things like playgrounds, sports facilities and places for concerts. This made them community centers where everyone could join in different activities. In recent years, the focus has been on sustainability and keeping the environment safe. Many city parks now use solar lights, collect rainwater and have plants that are native to the area. These actions help lessen the environmental impact of the parks and teach visitors why it's important to take care of nature. Today, city parks are still very important for relaxation and fun. They help clean the air, lower stress and build a sense of community. Whether it's jogging in the morning, picnicking in the afternoon or listening to a concert in the evening. These Green spaces are a crucial part of city life, and that's our look at how city parks have grown and shaped our cities. Thanks for listening, and stay tuned for more insights into the world around us. Now listen again, please. Good morning, everyone. Welcome to our series on how urban spaces are changing. Today we're going to talk about the evolution of city parks and why they matter more than ever. Our story starts in the mid eighteen hundreds. Cities were booming because of industrial sation. Streets were packed with people. Horses encourages. But even with all this activity, there was a strong desire for peace and nature. That's when city parks like new york's central park and london's hide park came in. They were like calm oasis in the busy cities. These parks were made to be a getaway from the noise and pollution of city life. Families could have picnics, kids could play and couples could walk together. As time moved on, parks changed to fit the needs of city people. In the nineteen hundred ds parks started to add things like playgrounds, sports facilities in places for concerts. This made them community centres where everyone could join in different activities. In recent years, the focus has been on sustainability. In keeping the environment safe. Many city parks now use solar lights, collect rainwater and have plants that are native to the area. These actions help listen the environmental impact of the parks and teach visitors why it's important to take care of nature. Today, city parks are still very important for relaxation and fan. They help clean the air, lower stress and build a sense of community. Whether it's jogging in the morning, pick king in the afternoon or listening to a concert in the evening. These Green spaces are a crucial part of city life, and that's our look at how city parks have grown in, shaped our cities. Thanks for listening, and stay tuned for more insights into the world around us. Questions fourteen, why did city parks emerge in the mid eighteen hundreds? Fifteen, which feature is not mentioned as part of the evolution of city parks in the twenty's century. Sixteen, what is one key focus of city parks in recent years, according to the speech. Questions seventeen through twenty are based on the following conversation. Hey, tom, have you decided what to play for the music festival next friday? almost. I'm thinking a plane, three songs, one original and two covers. But i'm still the deciding between a beetle song or a cold play, one for the finale. What do you think? Um tough choice. The beetles are classic, but cold play might appeal more to our generation. By the way, have you checked the technical requirements with the stage team? Not yet. What do I need to know? Well, you'll need to bring your own guitar and cables, but the sound system and microphones will be provided. Also, there's a ten minute limit for each performance, so make sure your performance fits within that. Got IT. What about rehearsals? Can I practice on the stage . before the event? Yes, we've scheduled a rehearsal session on thursday after school is from four to six P. M. Make sure you're there on time. I'll be there. Oh, and one more thing, are we allowed to sell merchandise like cds or t shirts at . the festival? Unfortunately, no, the school policy doesn't allow selling anything during school events, but you can promote your social media or youtube channel if you have one. Okay, thanks for the information, Sarah. I'll see you at the rehearsal. No problem. Good luck with your final preparations. Now listen again, please. Hey, tom. have you decided what to play for the music festival next friday? Almost i'm thinking a plane, three songs, one original and two covers. But i'm still deciding between a beetle song or a cold play, one for the finale. What do you think? Um tough choice. The beatles are classic. But cold play might appeal more to our generation. By the way, have you checked the technical requirements with . the stage team? Not yet. What do I need to know? Well, you'll need to bring your own guitar and cables, but the sound system and microphones will be provided. Also, there's a ten minute limit for each performance, so make sure your performance fits within that. Got IT. What about rehearsals? Can I practice on the stage . before the event? Yes, we've scheduled a rehearsal session on thursday after school is from four to six P. M. Make sure you're there on time. I'll be there. Oh, and one more thing, are we allowed to sell merchandise like cds or t shirts at the festival? Unfortunately, no, the school policy doesn't allow selling anything during school events. But you can promote your social media or youtube channel if you have one. okay. Thanks for the information, Sarah. I'll see you at the rehearsal. No problem. Good luck with your final preparations. Questions seventeen, what is tom struggling to decide about his performance? Eighteen, what equipment does tom need to bring for his performance? Nineteen, when is the rehearsal session scheduled? Twenty, what is tom not allowed to do at the music festival? 高一英语下学期期中模拟卷02（上海通用） 英 语 （满分140分，考试用时120分钟） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3. 测试范围：必修第三册Units 1~2（沪教版） 4. 难度系数：0.65。 5. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He hasn’t started the report. B. He has already submitted the report. C. He needs help with the report. D. He is almost done with the report. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Take the bus. B. Walk to the park. C. Stay at home. D. Drive to the park. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. In the bag. B. In the car. C. On the kitchen table. D. In the living room. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. At 6:30. B. At 6:40. C. At 7:00. D. At 7:10. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He thinks it’s unnecessary. B. He’s looking forward to it. C. He doesn’t care either way. D. He prefers individual work over team activities. 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. It closes early on Sundays. B. It’s closed on weekends. C. It’s open all day on Sundays. D. It’s only open on Saturdays. 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Buying a second-hand laptop. B. Waiting for a better sale. C. Buying the same laptop as he has. D. Avoiding the sale for laptops. 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. It’s too expensive. B. It’s too far from her office. C. It’s too small. D. It’s in a noisy neighborhood. 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. They are too expensive. B. They will be available at the door. C. They are not worth buying. D. They might still be available online. 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. They increase costs but will benefit in the long term. B. They force the project to stop due to high costs. C. They make no significant use of the project. D. They lead to a decrease in project quality. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. A. They are faster than gasoline-powered cars. B. They are more environmentally friendly. C. They are easier to drive. D. They are more luxurious. 12. A. They are more expensive to maintain. B. They require frequent oil changes. C. There are not enough charging stations. D. They are not allowed on highways. 13. A. Building more gasoline stations. B. Offering tax breaks and subsidies. C. Banning traditional cars. D. Reducing the price of gasoline. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. A. To provide entertainment for wealthy individuals. B. To offer a retreat from the chaos and pollution of industrial cities. C. To serve as venues for political gatherings. D. To facilitate trade and commerce. 15. A. The addition of playgrounds. B. The inclusion of sports facilities. C. The establishment of places for concerts. D. The creation of large shopping malls. 16. A. Building more parking facilities. B. Planting exotic species of plants. C. Promoting environmental protection. D. Hosting international sporting events. 听下面一段长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. A. Whether to play an original song or a cover. B. Whether to perform alone or with a band. C. Whether to play a Beatles song or a Coldplay song. D. Whether to use his own guitar or the school’s. 18. A. A guitar and cables. B. A microphone and cables. C. A sound system and a guitar. D. A microphone and a sound system. 19. A. Wednesday after school. B. Thursday from 4:00 to 6:00 PM. C. Friday before the festival. D. Saturday morning. 20. A. Promote his social media. B. Perform for 10 minutes. C. Use the school’s sound system. D. Sell merchandise like CDs or T-shirts. II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Coral Cultures Studying corals usually requires either observing them alive in the ocean or examining their dead tissue in a laboratory. But new research offers a way to keep all coral cell types alive in a lab cultures for two weeks or 21 (long), opening novel experimental possibilities. The cells of cnidarians (a group that includes corals and sea anemones) are notoriously difficult 22 (culture). These cells 23 (easily damage) during extraction, and corals also have complex microbiomes (微生物群) that are tricky to wipe out with antibiotics. But 24 left alive, the microbes often take over cell cultures. Many cnidarians are both endangered and critical for marine ecosystem health. “We need to do more than just document 25 death,” says University of Miami marine biologist Nikki Traylor-Knowles, who is senior author on a new study in Scientific Reports. In it, her team details how to reduce a coral to its constituent cells and then grow them all together — like 26 (cultivate) the animal on a plate. The researchers made slight changes to a standard growth medium (made of seawater, chemicals and antibiotics) to reach optimal formulas for two different cnidarian species. These formulas let all the 27 (test) species’ cell types grow at once, without microbes or extraneous (无关的) tissues. The new methodology will bring unparalleled visibility into how cell types interact, Traylor-Knowles says, and it will allow for higher-volume experiments without raising or killing whole animals. Scientists do not yet understand all cnidarian cell types, 28 their functions. These cultures could show how different cells respond to stressors, 29 types are most vulnerable to health failures, and possibly where cnidarians get their impressive regenerative abilities. The study is groundbreaking, says molecular biologist Juris Grasis of the University of California, Merced, who was not involved with the paper but also studies cnidarians. He says he was “jealous as hell” when he saw the result. Some cell populations survived for as long as 30 days, he notes, 30 implies the possibility of scaling up cell reproduction for future research. Next up, Grasis says: “How do we translate this back into the field and make corals healthy again?” Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. activated B. combined C. drives D. informed E. overrides F. previously G. readily H. stimulating I. survival J. underlying K. unfamiliar The six human hungers At the heart of food psychology lies a powerful question: Why do we eat what we eat? This question has led to a discovery ____31____ my entire conceptual framework of health and eating: the six human hungers. In observing behaviors and common struggles around food, I noticed most eating decisions weren’t purely based on physical hunger. Instead, they often arose from a complex combination of psychological, biological and emotional ____32____ that didn’t always reflect the body’s actual needs. This realization revealed a critical insight: What we often think of as “hunger” can actually be ____33____ by any of six distinct motivations: from nutritional needs to emotional needs, which has the power to influence when, what and how much we eat. Understanding which of these hungers is at play allows you to reclaim control over your eating choices so you can make intentional and ____34____ decisions rather than simply responding to impulses (冲动). These hungers determine our eating patterns, and their influence only intensifies when several of them are triggered at once. When three or more happen at the same time, the extreme hunger is nearly impossible to resist because it engages an ancient ____35____ instinct: as hunger grows, so does our urgency and adaptability in choosing foods. Prolonged hunger might have driven our ancestors to hunt more dangerous game or to experiment with ____36____ plants — a strategy that, while risky, was sometimes safer than facing starvation. This instinct to eat what was available may have saved lives in times of food shortage, but in today’s world of sufficient, ____37____ accessible food, it often works against us. This is a key reason why so many diets fail. Although they’re often poorly nourished (滋养), people attempt to adopt restrictive diets. Before long, intensified hunger ____38____ self-discipline, pushing them to make poor food choices. Feelings of guilt or shame may follow, ironically (讽刺地) ____39____ even more consumption and creating a cycle of overeating and self-blame. Generally speaking, each of the six hungers can affect us independently, but when multiple types of hunger are active, their ____40____ force can overcome even the strongest willpower. Next, we’ll look at the six human hungers as well as how to respond to each effectively, a new approach to navigating your relationship with food. III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context Mercury, an elemental metal that exists in liquid form at room temperature, occurs naturally in the environment. Metallic mercury occurs primarily in the earth’s crust but can be ____41____ into the atmosphere by human activities, such as burning rubbish or coal and gold mining. Organic mercury is mainly produced when tiny organisms consume inorganic mercury and ___42____ it into an organic compound such as methyl mercury, a poisonous chemical that is commonly found in mercury-polluted water. Although the impact of mercury on the environment has been ____43____ by some industries and individuals, it is a top ten chemical of major health ___44____ according to the WHO. Despite this, the severity of mercury’s poison remains to be fully understood. Long-time exposure to mercury can pose significant ____45____ to human health, including brain damage and reproductive issues. Mercury also ____46____ damages the life cycles of water-dwelling creatures. To protect human health and the environment, the international community has taken steps to limit the use and release of mercury. Adopted in 2013, the Minamata Convention on Mercury came into effect on August 16, 2017, ___47____ a global commitment to fight against mercury pollution. In addition, some countries have made their own laws and regulations, such as the United States’ “Mercury and Air Toxic Standards” and the European Union’s “Regulation (EU) 2017/852.” The goal of the Minamata Convention is to reduce mercury emissions and protect human health and the environment by ____48____ the production and use of mercury and mercury-containing products. ____49____ the convention promotes scientific and technological innovation to develop greener, less poisonous alternatives. The convention ____50____ a diverse range of products, including batteries, switches and relays, cosmetics and fluorescent lamps, etc. The plan is to phase out the mercury in these products over a few years, aiming for full commitment by the end of 2027. The convention also seeks to restrict dentists’ use of mercury in bulk form and dental amalgam, a mercury-based chemical mixture used to fill tooth cavities. This restriction particularly ____51____ the dental treatment of baby teeth for patients under 15 years and to dental treatment for pregnant and breastfeeding women. ____52____ the Minamata Convention, one province in China has created its own plan to restrict the production and ____53____ of mercury-containing products and reduce mercury discharges. These efforts not only protect the local environment but also contribute to the ____54____ effort to reduce reliance on this dangerous element. Mercury pollution is a ____55____ environmental issue that no one person or industry can solve alone. But, if we all work together, we can weaken the impact of mercury and create a healthier, cleaner planet. 41. A. directed B. released C. switched D. revealed 42. A. transform B. evolve C. isolate D. upgrade 43. A. weakened B. overestimated C. emphasized D. underestimated 44. A. requirement B. management C. concern D. decline 45. A. functions B. risks C. warnings D. disciplines 46. A. significantly B. slightly C. sufficiently D. eventually 47. A. completing B. recognizing C. signaling D. promoting 48. A. improving B. limiting C. scheduling D. monitoring 49. A. Especially B. Additionally C. Ultimately D. Oppositely 50. A. targets B. produces C. provides D. gathers 51. A. adapts to B. rises to C. applies to D. turns to 52. A. In terms of B. In addition to C. In response to D. In spite of 53. A. import B. export C. combination D. increase 54. A. local B. global C. great D. continuous 55. A. protective B. controversial C. unavoidable D. critical Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) She didn’t realize it at the time, but when Kahumbu was young, she was taken under the wing of a world-renowned scientific icon. Richard Leakey, the paleoanthropologist (古人类学家) from the family of trailblazing (开创性的) conservationists, was Kahumbu’s neighbor and mentor. His commitment to shepherding a young Kahumbu toward her dreams was, as she puts it, “extremely special.” It was in Kenya’s coastal forests, that her love for elephants, their immensity and grace, began. She was soon fighting tooth and nail for elephants’ protection against environmental and human threats. In 2004, somewhere along the Kenyan coastline, Kahumbu rescued an orphaned hippopotamus in the aftermath of the Indian Ocean tsunami. She cared for it at one of a few animal sanctuaries she was managing, and the baby hippo became friends with its neighbor — a 130-year-old tortoise. Kahumbu shared a photograph of the odd pair resting together with the world; the overwhelming response set her on a new path. In 2018, she kicked off Wildlife Warriors Kids, an initiative across Kenya that helps teachers integrate wildlife film showings and work plans into their curriculum to help connect young Kenyans with science and their heritage. So, when Kahumbu was later spontaneously offered 30 acres of land. Through her mainly Kenya-based career, the irony is not lost on her that native Kenyans do not have a word for “conservation.” It’s a testament to the natural way caring for the environment and its living things are part of everyday life, Kahumbu says. Pastoral tribes (田园部落) take cues from animal behavior that could signal threats, environmental changes, or availability of resources. The modern practice of protecting nature by isolating it from humans, she explains, is hard to understand. Even the term “protected area,” is perplexing to these communities. “Protected from what? From us people?” is something Kahumbu has been asked repeatedly. “They don’t consider themselves to be a threat to nature,” she says. Instead, conserving nature is simply a part of conserving livelihoods. “The right way to learn about nature is not to be closed off by a big wall. You need to feel the cold air at night, you need to see the stars, you need to smell the grass, and the flowers, how they change their scents during different times of the day,” she illustrates. 56. What event marked a turning point in Kahumbu’s career? A. Managing a sanctuary for orphaned hippos B. Receiving donations of land for conservation C. Sharing a photo depicting an unlikely friendship D. Establishing a coastal forest protection program 57. Which is the true according to this passage? A. Kahumbu’s early career was Enlightened by a wildlife protection expert. B. She loves elephants because the experience in the savannahs of Kenya. C. She saved a hippo in the emergency time when Indian Ocean tsunami happened. D. Wildlife Warriors Kids aims to help teachers integrate animal protection into their classroom 58. why does the fact that Kenyans don’t have a word for “conservation” represent an irony for Kahumbu? A. Kenyans have less concern for the environmental issues. B. Modern conservation terms seem redundant in Kenya. C. Conserving nature is simply a part of conserving livelihoods D. Natural integration of environmental care into Kenyan culture. 59. What kind of method of learning about nature might Kahumbu agree with? A. Learn the habits of birds through multimedia learning B. Perceive the spirituality of animals by reading books C. Learn by taking field trips while studying soils D. Conducting a daily walk around a nearby park (B) China now has 57 sites included on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Let’s have a look at four of them, which may give you some advice on your next travel plan. Huangshan Mountain Huangshan, known as “the loveliest mountain of China”, lies in the south of Anhui Province in eastern China. The scenic area covers 154 square kilometers, and is famous for its peaks, rocks, pines, clouds and springs. Longmen Grottoes（石窟） The Longmen Grottoes lies in the south of Luoyang city, Henan Province. It includes the largest collection of Chinese art of the late Northern Wei and Tang dynasties, and shows the achievements of Chinese stone carving. Gulangyu Island Located on the entry of the Jiulong River, the island is a popular tourist destination known for its natural scenery, rich history and unique architecture. It was occupied（占领）by at least a dozen countries, including Great Britain, France and Japan. Gulangyu is naturally referred to as the “island of music”, with a harmonious mixture of Western music and Eastern culture. It is famous for its outstanding musicians and musical instruments. Ancient villages in southern Anhui Lying in southern Anhui, Xidi and Hongcun have a high historical and artistic value in architecture. The villages show the architectural features of the Huizhou-style d living houses in the period of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Xidi and Hongcun were added onto the list on November 30,2000． 60. What can be seen in Longmen Grottoes? A. Pines and springs. B. Unique houses. C. Rocks and Temples. D. Carved stones. 61. In which place can you admire the Western music according to the passage? A. Huangshan Mountain. B. Longmen Grottoes. C. Gulangyu Island. D. Ancient villages in southem Anhui. 62. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. The Longmen Grottoes is located in the south of Anhui Province in eastern China. B. People can enjoy the natural scenery and fine Chinese artworks in Huangshan Mountain. C. Gulangyu is famous for its unique history and culture in the Ming and Qing dynasties. D. People fond of the Huizhou-styled houses can visit Ancient villages in Anhui. (C) Lots of names have been proposed for the world’s youngest generation, born roughly since 2010. Some are predictable, such as “iPad kids” and “Generation AI”. Others are puzzling, as with “Polars”, which nods both to growing polarisation and shrinking ice caps. One name has caught on in the English-speaking West: “Generation Alpha”. It symbolises a fresh chapter, says Mark McCrindle, the Australian demographer (人口学家) behind it. He consulted people for ideas nearly 20 years ago; many suggested the name “Gen A”. But rather than go back to the start of the Latin alphabet (字母表), he shifted to the Greek one. “Alpha” has recently become a trendy term. Reports and surveys have been published about these youngsters, describing their preferences and predicting their future. Analysts suggest that Alphas will become the most innovative generation. Such insights make for good headlines. But social scientists say it is too soon to identify the distinctive characteristics of a group that includes toddlers (学步儿童). Predicting how they will grow up “has no more value than guesswork”, says Bobby Duffy, a professor at King’s College London: Many judgments made now will be proved wrong in the future. Research is largely driven by commercial interests. Alpha is projected to be the world’s largest generation, with more than 2 billion members. By 2029, nearly $5.5 trillion will be spent on Alphas a year, predicts McCrindle’s research firm. That presents an opportunity for businesses, and for the marketing firms that advise “how to prepare for Gen Alpha”. Restrictions on marketing to youngsters prevent many insights. Governments regulate advertisements aimed at minors and stop their personal data from being collected without parental permission. Some surveys about Gen Alpha are filled out by parents, who interpret their children’s habits. Many conclusions do not apply to the youngest members. There are disagreements about who exactly counts as Alpha. McCrindle thinks the group should include those born between 2010 and 2024. Yet other firms say Gen Z only stopped being born in 2012. Because there is no official classification, one person’s Z is another’s Alpha. But no one can deny that Alphas are in their formative years, when attitudes and values continue to change as they grow up and come of age. It will be at least five years before Alphas are old enough for real differences to be seen between them and others, believes Duffy. Until then, the generation will keep experts and parents on their toes. 63. In paragraph 3, both social scientists and Bobby Duffy believe that ________. A. Alphas are certain to be highly creative B. current reports accurately describe Alphas C. a precise description of Alphas cannot yet be made D. the name “Generation Alpha” itself reflects positive expectations 64. What can be inferred from the current research on Alphas mentioned in paragraphs 4 and 5? A. Its objectivity may be affected by commercial motivation. B. It is mainly conducted for academic exploration. C. The sample size used in the research process is limited. D. Legal restrictions make the findings more reliable. 65. According to paragraph 6, what does the author imply about Generation Alpha? A. Their values are largely shaped by outside social forces. B. Adults can take a relaxed attitude when dealing with them. C. Disagreements over labels don’t affect how the group is understood. D. Noticeable and distinct qualities won’t emerge until the generation matures. 66. What is the passage mainly about? A. The media’s excitement about naming the youngest generation. B. Why Generation Alpha is expected to reshape future markets and culture. C. The challenges and uncertainties in defining and researching Generation Alpha. D. How parents and marketing agencies influence children’s early development. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. According to UNEP’s Food Waste Index Report 2024, 1.05 billion tons of food were wasted globally in 2024, with 28% coming from food service. ______67______ “Wasted food means wasted resources like land, water, energy and labour, and once in landfill (垃圾填埋坑), it releases greenhouse gases that harm the planet and biodiversity,” says Jocelyn Doyle, head of marketing &communications, The Sustainable Hotel Association. “Cutting food waste is a powerful way to make a difference—and breakfast is a smart place to start.” _____68_____ Scandic Hotels in Northern Europe are downsizing their cakes, pastries and muffins, with the option to come back for more; while Hilton Frankfurt serves pre-portioned items like yogurt and fruit cups. Novotel Bangkok Sukhumvit posts polite reminders near buffet stations: “Take only what you can eat.” This shift works well for the modern traveller for whom sustainability is no longer a side note. _____69_____ Striking the right balance between sustainability and service is no small act, especially at breakfast. Many hotels now track how much food is thrown away to determine the buffet’s baseline needs. Doyle also suggests that hotels reconsider under-consumed items, install cook-to-order stations, reduce the selection of items on offer, reduce volumes towards the end of shift and actively guide guest behaviour. “Involve and educate your staff so they understand the changes and can confidently engage guests,” he says. “______70______”. A. Hotels across the world are adopting delicate design choices to meet this goal. B. Travel settings activate a vacation mindset where immoderation feels just right. C. Buffets often lead to overeating due to the “variety effect”—more choice encourages greater consumption. D. Buffet breakfasts are among the worst wrongdoers, generating more than twice as much waste as plated breakfasts. E. Share your efforts through website and social media updates, and use buffet signs to make guests feel part of the solution. F. While many travellers are leaning towards more intentional, low-waste dining, hotels still face the complex task of meeting diverse guest expectations. IV.Summary Writing (共10分） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Sleep Paralysis Have you ever woken up in the middle of the night, aware of your surroundings, yet completely unable to move or speak for a few seconds or even minutes? This unsettling phenomenon, often accompanied by a sense of fear or pressure on the chest, is known as sleep paralysis. This temporary paralysis is a normal function of your body during a sleep stage called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. During REM sleep, your brain actively dreams, and to prevent you from physically acting out those dreams, your body temporarily paralyzes your muscles. Normally, you are unaware of this paralysis because you are asleep. In everyday life, certain conditions can make such episodes more likely to occur. Not getting enough sleep and having an irregular sleep schedule are common risk factors. Additionally, it may be more common in people who have high blood pressure or who suffer from serious headaches. While the exact cause of these episodes is not fully understood, research has confirmed their association with sleep paralysis. In fact, recent findings suggest that sleep paralysis can happen to everyone, with approximately 8% of the general population experiencing it at some point in their lives. Fortunately, for most people, the episodes usually last less than a minute and occur only a few times in their lives. Studies show that the vast majority report little disturbance afterward. Given these findings, most people don’t seek particular treatment. However, for those in need of help, it’s best to follow a regular sleep schedule, create a restful sleep environment, and avoid caffeine or heavy meals late at night. Should the episodes become frequent and severely disruptive, it’s vital to consult a professional healthcare provider — common treatments like targeted medication and structured behavioral therapy often work effectively. 71.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 校门口，妈妈往她包里塞了一副手套和一条羊毛围巾。(pack) （汉译英） _______________________________________________ 73. 这款基于中国古典小说的游戏让许多外国玩家感受到了东方魅力。（expose）（汉译英） _______________________________________________ 74. 这位工程师将心血倾注于芯片研发，不断攻坚克难，赢得了“时代楷模”的美名。(invest) （汉译英） _______________________________________________ 75. 在失重的环境中，吃饭喝水皆非易事，但中国人对吃的挚爱让我们的宇航员在空间站里成功吃上了烧烤盛宴。(so...that...) （汉译英） _______________________________________________ VI.Guided Writing (共25分) Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是校英文报“HEART-TO-HEART”栏目的编辑李华，近期收到一封署名为Worried的求助信。信中该同学向你诉说了自己的困扰：近日容易发脾气，严重影响自己的学习和生活。请写一封回信。内容要点如下： 1. 表示理解并给予安慰； 2. 提出建议并说明理由。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 信的开头与结尾已为你拟好，不计入总词数。 Hi, Worried, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours Li Hua 1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ 高一英语下学期期中模拟卷02（上海通用） 英 语 （满分140分，考试用时120分钟） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3. 测试范围：必修第三册Units 1~2（沪教版） 4. 难度系数：0.65。 5. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He hasn’t started the report. B. He has already submitted the report. C. He needs help with the report. D. He is almost done with the report. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Take the bus. B. Walk to the park. C. Stay at home. D. Drive to the park. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. In the bag. B. In the car. C. On the kitchen table. D. In the living room. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. At 6:30. B. At 6:40. C. At 7:00. D. At 7:10. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He thinks it’s unnecessary. B. He’s looking forward to it. C. He doesn’t care either way. D. He prefers individual work over team activities. 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. It closes early on Sundays. B. It’s closed on weekends. C. It’s open all day on Sundays. D. It’s only open on Saturdays. 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Buying a second-hand laptop. B. Waiting for a better sale. C. Buying the same laptop as he has. D. Avoiding the sale for laptops. 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. It’s too expensive. B. It’s too far from her office. C. It’s too small. D. It’s in a noisy neighborhood. 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. They are too expensive. B. They will be available at the door. C. They are not worth buying. D. They might still be available online. 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. They increase costs but will benefit in the long term. B. They force the project to stop due to high costs. C. They make no significant use of the project. D. They lead to a decrease in project quality. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. A. They are faster than gasoline-powered cars. B. They are more environmentally friendly. C. They are easier to drive. D. They are more luxurious. 12. A. They are more expensive to maintain. B. They require frequent oil changes. C. There are not enough charging stations. D. They are not allowed on highways. 13. A. Building more gasoline stations. B. Offering tax breaks and subsidies. C. Banning traditional cars. D. Reducing the price of gasoline. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. A. To provide entertainment for wealthy individuals. B. To offer a retreat from the chaos and pollution of industrial cities. C. To serve as venues for political gatherings. D. To facilitate trade and commerce. 15. A. The addition of playgrounds. B. The inclusion of sports facilities. C. The establishment of places for concerts. D. The creation of large shopping malls. 16. A. Building more parking facilities. B. Planting exotic species of plants. C. Promoting environmental protection. D. Hosting international sporting events. 听下面一段长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. A. Whether to play an original song or a cover. B. Whether to perform alone or with a band. C. Whether to play a Beatles song or a Coldplay song. D. Whether to use his own guitar or the school’s. 18. A. A guitar and cables. B. A microphone and cables. C. A sound system and a guitar. D. A microphone and a sound system. 19. A. Wednesday after school. B. Thursday from 4:00 to 6:00 PM. C. Friday before the festival. D. Saturday morning. 20. A. Promote his social media. B. Perform for 10 minutes. C. Use the school’s sound system. D. Sell merchandise like CDs or T-shirts. II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Coral Cultures Studying corals usually requires either observing them alive in the ocean or examining their dead tissue in a laboratory. But new research offers a way to keep all coral cell types alive in a lab cultures for two weeks or 21 (long), opening novel experimental possibilities. The cells of cnidarians (a group that includes corals and sea anemones) are notoriously difficult 22 (culture). These cells 23 (easily damage) during extraction, and corals also have complex microbiomes (微生物群) that are tricky to wipe out with antibiotics. But 24 left alive, the microbes often take over cell cultures. Many cnidarians are both endangered and critical for marine ecosystem health. “We need to do more than just document 25 death,” says University of Miami marine biologist Nikki Traylor-Knowles, who is senior author on a new study in Scientific Reports. In it, her team details how to reduce a coral to its constituent cells and then grow them all together — like 26 (cultivate) the animal on a plate. The researchers made slight changes to a standard growth medium (made of seawater, chemicals and antibiotics) to reach optimal formulas for two different cnidarian species. These formulas let all the 27 (test) species’ cell types grow at once, without microbes or extraneous (无关的) tissues. The new methodology will bring unparalleled visibility into how cell types interact, Traylor-Knowles says, and it will allow for higher-volume experiments without raising or killing whole animals. Scientists do not yet understand all cnidarian cell types, 28 their functions. These cultures could show how different cells respond to stressors, 29 types are most vulnerable to health failures, and possibly where cnidarians get their impressive regenerative abilities. The study is groundbreaking, says molecular biologist Juris Grasis of the University of California, Merced, who was not involved with the paper but also studies cnidarians. He says he was “jealous as hell” when he saw the result. Some cell populations survived for as long as 30 days, he notes, 30 implies the possibility of scaling up cell reproduction for future research. Next up, Grasis says: “How do we translate this back into the field and make corals healthy again?” Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. activated B. combined C. drives D. informed E. overrides F. previously G. readily H. stimulating I. survival J. underlying K. unfamiliar The six human hungers At the heart of food psychology lies a powerful question: Why do we eat what we eat? This question has led to a discovery ____31____ my entire conceptual framework of health and eating: the six human hungers. In observing behaviors and common struggles around food, I noticed most eating decisions weren’t purely based on physical hunger. Instead, they often arose from a complex combination of psychological, biological and emotional ____32____ that didn’t always reflect the body’s actual needs. This realization revealed a critical insight: What we often think of as “hunger” can actually be ____33____ by any of six distinct motivations: from nutritional needs to emotional needs, which has the power to influence when, what and how much we eat. Understanding which of these hungers is at play allows you to reclaim control over your eating choices so you can make intentional and ____34____ decisions rather than simply responding to impulses (冲动). These hungers determine our eating patterns, and their influence only intensifies when several of them are triggered at once. When three or more happen at the same time, the extreme hunger is nearly impossible to resist because it engages an ancient ____35____ instinct: as hunger grows, so does our urgency and adaptability in choosing foods. Prolonged hunger might have driven our ancestors to hunt more dangerous game or to experiment with ____36____ plants — a strategy that, while risky, was sometimes safer than facing starvation. This instinct to eat what was available may have saved lives in times of food shortage, but in today’s world of sufficient, ____37____ accessible food, it often works against us. This is a key reason why so many diets fail. Although they’re often poorly nourished (滋养), people attempt to adopt restrictive diets. Before long, intensified hunger ____38____ self-discipline, pushing them to make poor food choices. Feelings of guilt or shame may follow, ironically (讽刺地) ____39____ even more consumption and creating a cycle of overeating and self-blame. Generally speaking, each of the six hungers can affect us independently, but when multiple types of hunger are active, their ____40____ force can overcome even the strongest willpower. Next, we’ll look at the six human hungers as well as how to respond to each effectively, a new approach to navigating your relationship with food. III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context Mercury, an elemental metal that exists in liquid form at room temperature, occurs naturally in the environment. Metallic mercury occurs primarily in the earth’s crust but can be ____41____ into the atmosphere by human activities, such as burning rubbish or coal and gold mining. Organic mercury is mainly produced when tiny organisms consume inorganic mercury and ___42____ it into an organic compound such as methyl mercury, a poisonous chemical that is commonly found in mercury-polluted water. Although the impact of mercury on the environment has been ____43____ by some industries and individuals, it is a top ten chemical of major health ___44____ according to the WHO. Despite this, the severity of mercury’s poison remains to be fully understood. Long-time exposure to mercury can pose significant ____45____ to human health, including brain damage and reproductive issues. Mercury also ____46____ damages the life cycles of water-dwelling creatures. To protect human health and the environment, the international community has taken steps to limit the use and release of mercury. Adopted in 2013, the Minamata Convention on Mercury came into effect on August 16, 2017, ___47____ a global commitment to fight against mercury pollution. In addition, some countries have made their own laws and regulations, such as the United States’ “Mercury and Air Toxic Standards” and the European Union’s “Regulation (EU) 2017/852.” The goal of the Minamata Convention is to reduce mercury emissions and protect human health and the environment by ____48____ the production and use of mercury and mercury-containing products. ____49____ the convention promotes scientific and technological innovation to develop greener, less poisonous alternatives. The convention ____50____ a diverse range of products, including batteries, switches and relays, cosmetics and fluorescent lamps, etc. The plan is to phase out the mercury in these products over a few years, aiming for full commitment by the end of 2027. The convention also seeks to restrict dentists’ use of mercury in bulk form and dental amalgam, a mercury-based chemical mixture used to fill tooth cavities. This restriction particularly ____51____ the dental treatment of baby teeth for patients under 15 years and to dental treatment for pregnant and breastfeeding women. ____52____ the Minamata Convention, one province in China has created its own plan to restrict the production and ____53____ of mercury-containing products and reduce mercury discharges. These efforts not only protect the local environment but also contribute to the ____54____ effort to reduce reliance on this dangerous element. Mercury pollution is a ____55____ environmental issue that no one person or industry can solve alone. But, if we all work together, we can weaken the impact of mercury and create a healthier, cleaner planet. 41. A. directed B. released C. switched D. revealed 42. A. transform B. evolve C. isolate D. upgrade 43. A. weakened B. overestimated C. emphasized D. underestimated 44. A. requirement B. management C. concern D. decline 45. A. functions B. risks C. warnings D. disciplines 46. A. significantly B. slightly C. sufficiently D. eventually 47. A. completing B. recognizing C. signaling D. promoting 48. A. improving B. limiting C. scheduling D. monitoring 49. A. Especially B. Additionally C. Ultimately D. Oppositely 50. A. targets B. produces C. provides D. gathers 51. A. adapts to B. rises to C. applies to D. turns to 52. A. In terms of B. In addition to C. In response to D. In spite of 53. A. import B. export C. combination D. increase 54. A. local B. global C. great D. continuous 55. A. protective B. controversial C. unavoidable D. critical Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) She didn’t realize it at the time, but when Kahumbu was young, she was taken under the wing of a world-renowned scientific icon. Richard Leakey, the paleoanthropologist (古人类学家) from the family of trailblazing (开创性的) conservationists, was Kahumbu’s neighbor and mentor. His commitment to shepherding a young Kahumbu toward her dreams was, as she puts it, “extremely special.” It was in Kenya’s coastal forests, that her love for elephants, their immensity and grace, began. She was soon fighting tooth and nail for elephants’ protection against environmental and human threats. In 2004, somewhere along the Kenyan coastline, Kahumbu rescued an orphaned hippopotamus in the aftermath of the Indian Ocean tsunami. She cared for it at one of a few animal sanctuaries she was managing, and the baby hippo became friends with its neighbor — a 130-year-old tortoise. Kahumbu shared a photograph of the odd pair resting together with the world; the overwhelming response set her on a new path. In 2018, she kicked off Wildlife Warriors Kids, an initiative across Kenya that helps teachers integrate wildlife film showings and work plans into their curriculum to help connect young Kenyans with science and their heritage. So, when Kahumbu was later spontaneously offered 30 acres of land. Through her mainly Kenya-based career, the irony is not lost on her that native Kenyans do not have a word for “conservation.” It’s a testament to the natural way caring for the environment and its living things are part of everyday life, Kahumbu says. Pastoral tribes (田园部落) take cues from animal behavior that could signal threats, environmental changes, or availability of resources. The modern practice of protecting nature by isolating it from humans, she explains, is hard to understand. Even the term “protected area,” is perplexing to these communities. “Protected from what? From us people?” is something Kahumbu has been asked repeatedly. “They don’t consider themselves to be a threat to nature,” she says. Instead, conserving nature is simply a part of conserving livelihoods. “The right way to learn about nature is not to be closed off by a big wall. You need to feel the cold air at night, you need to see the stars, you need to smell the grass, and the flowers, how they change their scents during different times of the day,” she illustrates. 56. What event marked a turning point in Kahumbu’s career? A. Managing a sanctuary for orphaned hippos B. Receiving donations of land for conservation C. Sharing a photo depicting an unlikely friendship D. Establishing a coastal forest protection program 57. Which is the true according to this passage? A. Kahumbu’s early career was Enlightened by a wildlife protection expert. B. She loves elephants because the experience in the savannahs of Kenya. C. She saved a hippo in the emergency time when Indian Ocean tsunami happened. D. Wildlife Warriors Kids aims to help teachers integrate animal protection into their classroom 58. why does the fact that Kenyans don’t have a word for “conservation” represent an irony for Kahumbu? A. Kenyans have less concern for the environmental issues. B. Modern conservation terms seem redundant in Kenya. C. Conserving nature is simply a part of conserving livelihoods D. Natural integration of environmental care into Kenyan culture. 59. What kind of method of learning about nature might Kahumbu agree with? A. Learn the habits of birds through multimedia learning B. Perceive the spirituality of animals by reading books C. Learn by taking field trips while studying soils D. Conducting a daily walk around a nearby park (B) China now has 57 sites included on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Let’s have a look at four of them, which may give you some advice on your next travel plan. Huangshan Mountain Huangshan, known as “the loveliest mountain of China”, lies in the south of Anhui Province in eastern China. The scenic area covers 154 square kilometers, and is famous for its peaks, rocks, pines, clouds and springs. Longmen Grottoes（石窟） The Longmen Grottoes lies in the south of Luoyang city, Henan Province. It includes the largest collection of Chinese art of the late Northern Wei and Tang dynasties, and shows the achievements of Chinese stone carving. Gulangyu Island Located on the entry of the Jiulong River, the island is a popular tourist destination known for its natural scenery, rich history and unique architecture. It was occupied（占领）by at least a dozen countries, including Great Britain, France and Japan. Gulangyu is naturally referred to as the “island of music”, with a harmonious mixture of Western music and Eastern culture. It is famous for its outstanding musicians and musical instruments. Ancient villages in southern Anhui Lying in southern Anhui, Xidi and Hongcun have a high historical and artistic value in architecture. The villages show the architectural features of the Huizhou-style d living houses in the period of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Xidi and Hongcun were added onto the list on November 30,2000． 60. What can be seen in Longmen Grottoes? A. Pines and springs. B. Unique houses. C. Rocks and Temples. D. Carved stones. 61. In which place can you admire the Western music according to the passage? A. Huangshan Mountain. B. Longmen Grottoes. C. Gulangyu Island. D. Ancient villages in southem Anhui. 62. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. The Longmen Grottoes is located in the south of Anhui Province in eastern China. B. People can enjoy the natural scenery and fine Chinese artworks in Huangshan Mountain. C. Gulangyu is famous for its unique history and culture in the Ming and Qing dynasties. D. People fond of the Huizhou-styled houses can visit Ancient villages in Anhui. (C) Lots of names have been proposed for the world’s youngest generation, born roughly since 2010. Some are predictable, such as “iPad kids” and “Generation AI”. Others are puzzling, as with “Polars”, which nods both to growing polarisation and shrinking ice caps. One name has caught on in the English-speaking West: “Generation Alpha”. It symbolises a fresh chapter, says Mark McCrindle, the Australian demographer (人口学家) behind it. He consulted people for ideas nearly 20 years ago; many suggested the name “Gen A”. But rather than go back to the start of the Latin alphabet (字母表), he shifted to the Greek one. “Alpha” has recently become a trendy term. Reports and surveys have been published about these youngsters, describing their preferences and predicting their future. Analysts suggest that Alphas will become the most innovative generation. Such insights make for good headlines. But social scientists say it is too soon to identify the distinctive characteristics of a group that includes toddlers (学步儿童). Predicting how they will grow up “has no more value than guesswork”, says Bobby Duffy, a professor at King’s College London: Many judgments made now will be proved wrong in the future. Research is largely driven by commercial interests. Alpha is projected to be the world’s largest generation, with more than 2 billion members. By 2029, nearly $5.5 trillion will be spent on Alphas a year, predicts McCrindle’s research firm. That presents an opportunity for businesses, and for the marketing firms that advise “how to prepare for Gen Alpha”. Restrictions on marketing to youngsters prevent many insights. Governments regulate advertisements aimed at minors and stop their personal data from being collected without parental permission. Some surveys about Gen Alpha are filled out by parents, who interpret their children’s habits. Many conclusions do not apply to the youngest members. There are disagreements about who exactly counts as Alpha. McCrindle thinks the group should include those born between 2010 and 2024. Yet other firms say Gen Z only stopped being born in 2012. Because there is no official classification, one person’s Z is another’s Alpha. But no one can deny that Alphas are in their formative years, when attitudes and values continue to change as they grow up and come of age. It will be at least five years before Alphas are old enough for real differences to be seen between them and others, believes Duffy. Until then, the generation will keep experts and parents on their toes. 63. In paragraph 3, both social scientists and Bobby Duffy believe that ________. A. Alphas are certain to be highly creative B. current reports accurately describe Alphas C. a precise description of Alphas cannot yet be made D. the name “Generation Alpha” itself reflects positive expectations 64. What can be inferred from the current research on Alphas mentioned in paragraphs 4 and 5? A. Its objectivity may be affected by commercial motivation. B. It is mainly conducted for academic exploration. C. The sample size used in the research process is limited. D. Legal restrictions make the findings more reliable. 65. According to paragraph 6, what does the author imply about Generation Alpha? A. Their values are largely shaped by outside social forces. B. Adults can take a relaxed attitude when dealing with them. C. Disagreements over labels don’t affect how the group is understood. D. Noticeable and distinct qualities won’t emerge until the generation matures. 66. What is the passage mainly about? A. The media’s excitement about naming the youngest generation. B. Why Generation Alpha is expected to reshape future markets and culture. C. The challenges and uncertainties in defining and researching Generation Alpha. D. How parents and marketing agencies influence children’s early development. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. According to UNEP’s Food Waste Index Report 2024, 1.05 billion tons of food were wasted globally in 2024, with 28% coming from food service. ______67______ “Wasted food means wasted resources like land, water, energy and labour, and once in landfill (垃圾填埋坑), it releases greenhouse gases that harm the planet and biodiversity,” says Jocelyn Doyle, head of marketing &communications, The Sustainable Hotel Association. “Cutting food waste is a powerful way to make a difference—and breakfast is a smart place to start.” _____68_____ Scandic Hotels in Northern Europe are downsizing their cakes, pastries and muffins, with the option to come back for more; while Hilton Frankfurt serves pre-portioned items like yogurt and fruit cups. Novotel Bangkok Sukhumvit posts polite reminders near buffet stations: “Take only what you can eat.” This shift works well for the modern traveller for whom sustainability is no longer a side note. _____69_____ Striking the right balance between sustainability and service is no small act, especially at breakfast. Many hotels now track how much food is thrown away to determine the buffet’s baseline needs. Doyle also suggests that hotels reconsider under-consumed items, install cook-to-order stations, reduce the selection of items on offer, reduce volumes towards the end of shift and actively guide guest behaviour. “Involve and educate your staff so they understand the changes and can confidently engage guests,” he says. “______70______”. A. Hotels across the world are adopting delicate design choices to meet this goal. B. Travel settings activate a vacation mindset where immoderation feels just right. C. Buffets often lead to overeating due to the “variety effect”—more choice encourages greater consumption. D. Buffet breakfasts are among the worst wrongdoers, generating more than twice as much waste as plated breakfasts. E. Share your efforts through website and social media updates, and use buffet signs to make guests feel part of the solution. F. While many travellers are leaning towards more intentional, low-waste dining, hotels still face the complex task of meeting diverse guest expectations. IV.Summary Writing (共10分） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Sleep Paralysis Have you ever woken up in the middle of the night, aware of your surroundings, yet completely unable to move or speak for a few seconds or even minutes? This unsettling phenomenon, often accompanied by a sense of fear or pressure on the chest, is known as sleep paralysis. This temporary paralysis is a normal function of your body during a sleep stage called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. During REM sleep, your brain actively dreams, and to prevent you from physically acting out those dreams, your body temporarily paralyzes your muscles. Normally, you are unaware of this paralysis because you are asleep. In everyday life, certain conditions can make such episodes more likely to occur. Not getting enough sleep and having an irregular sleep schedule are common risk factors. Additionally, it may be more common in people who have high blood pressure or who suffer from serious headaches. While the exact cause of these episodes is not fully understood, research has confirmed their association with sleep paralysis. In fact, recent findings suggest that sleep paralysis can happen to everyone, with approximately 8% of the general population experiencing it at some point in their lives. Fortunately, for most people, the episodes usually last less than a minute and occur only a few times in their lives. Studies show that the vast majority report little disturbance afterward. Given these findings, most people don’t seek particular treatment. However, for those in need of help, it’s best to follow a regular sleep schedule, create a restful sleep environment, and avoid caffeine or heavy meals late at night. Should the episodes become frequent and severely disruptive, it’s vital to consult a professional healthcare provider — common treatments like targeted medication and structured behavioral therapy often work effectively. 71.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 校门口，妈妈往她包里塞了一副手套和一条羊毛围巾。(pack) （汉译英） _______________________________________________ 73. 这款基于中国古典小说的游戏让许多外国玩家感受到了东方魅力。（expose）（汉译英） _______________________________________________ 74. 这位工程师将心血倾注于芯片研发，不断攻坚克难，赢得了“时代楷模”的美名。(invest) （汉译英） _______________________________________________ 75. 在失重的环境中，吃饭喝水皆非易事，但中国人对吃的挚爱让我们的宇航员在空间站里成功吃上了烧烤盛宴。(so...that...) （汉译英） _______________________________________________ VI.Guided Writing (共25分) Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是校英文报“HEART-TO-HEART”栏目的编辑李华，近期收到一封署名为Worried的求助信。信中该同学向你诉说了自己的困扰：近日容易发脾气，严重影响自己的学习和生活。请写一封回信。内容要点如下： 1. 表示理解并给予安慰； 2. 提出建议并说明理由。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 信的开头与结尾已为你拟好，不计入总词数。 Hi, Worried, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours Li Hua 试题 第3页（共6页） 试题 第4页（共6页） 试题 第11页（共12页） 试题 第12页（共12页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高一英语下学期期中模拟卷02（上海通用） 英 语·全解全析 （满分140分，考试用时120分钟） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3. 测试范围：必修第三册Units 1~2（沪教版） 4. 难度系数：0.65。 5. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He hasn’t started the report. B. He has already submitted the report. C. He needs help with the report. D. He is almost done with the report. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】W: Did you finish the report for Mr. Smith? M: Almost. I just need to check the data one more time. Q: What does the man mean? 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Take the bus. B. Walk to the park. C. Stay at home. D. Drive to the park. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: Should we take the bus or walk to the park? W: It’s only a 10-minute walk, and the weather is nice. Q: What will they probably do? 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. In the bag. B. In the car. C. On the kitchen table. D. In the living room. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】W: I can’t find my keys. Have you seen them? I have searched the entire living room. M: They’re on the kitchen table, next to your bag. Q: Where are the keys? 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. At 6:30. B. At 6:40. C. At 7:00. D. At 7:10. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: The movie starts at 7:00 p.m. Let’s meet half an hour before the film starts. W: OK, but I might be 10 minutes late. Q: When will the woman arrive? 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He thinks it’s unnecessary. B. He’s looking forward to it. C. He doesn’t care either way. D. He prefers individual work over team activities. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: How do you feel about the upcoming company annual meeting, Mark? M: I’m looking forward to it. It’s a great opportunity to bond with colleagues and share ideas in a relaxed setting. Q: What is the man’s opinion of the company annual meeting? 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. It closes early on Sundays. B. It’s closed on weekends. C. It’s open all day on Sundays. D. It’s only open on Saturdays. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】M: Do you know if the library is open on weekends? W: Yes, but it closes at 5:00 PM on Sundays. Q: What does the woman say about the library? 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Buying a second-hand laptop. B. Waiting for a better sale. C. Buying the same laptop as he has. D. Avoiding the sale for laptops. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】W: I’m thinking of buying a new laptop. Any suggestions? M: The one I bought last month is really good. It’s on sale now. Q: What does the man suggest? 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. It’s too expensive. B. It’s too far from her office. C. It’s too small. D. It’s in a noisy neighborhood. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: I heard you’re moving to a new apartment. W: Yes, it’s closer to my office, so I can save time commuting. Q: What does the woman imply about her current apartment? 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. They are too expensive. B. They will be available at the door. C. They are not worth buying. D. They might still be available online. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】M: The concert tickets are sold out. What should we do? W: Let’s check online. Sometimes people resell their tickets. Q: What does the woman imply about the tickets? 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. They increase costs but will benefit in the long term. B. They force the project to stop due to high costs. C. They make no significant use of the project. D. They lead to a decrease in project quality. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】M: Have you considered the implications of the new environmental regulations on our project, Laura? W: Yes, we’ve discussed it at length. They require us to adopt more sustainable practices, which might increase costs initially but will benefit us in the long run. Q: What impact do the new environmental regulations have on their project? Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. A. They are faster than gasoline-powered cars. B. They are more environmentally friendly. C. They are easier to drive. D. They are more luxurious. 12. A. They are more expensive to maintain. B. They require frequent oil changes. C. There are not enough charging stations. D. They are not allowed on highways. 13. A. Building more gasoline stations. B. Offering tax breaks and subsidies. C. Banning traditional cars. D. Reducing the price of gasoline. 【答案】11. B 12. C 13. B 【解析】 【原文】In recent years, the popularity of electric vehicles (EVs) has grown significantly. Many people are choosing EVs over traditional gasoline-powered cars because they are more environmentally friendly. EVs produce zero emissions, which helps reduce air pollution and combat climate change. Additionally, EVs are often cheaper to maintain since they have fewer moving parts and don’t require oil changes. However, there are still some challenges to widespread EV adoption. One major issue is the limited availability of charging stations, especially in rural areas. Another concern is the time it takes to charge an EV compared to the quick refueling of a gasoline car. Despite these challenges, governments and companies are investing heavily in improving EV technology and infrastructure. For example, many countries are offering financial aids to encourage people to buy EVs, such as tax breaks and subsidies. Questions: 11.Why are many people choosing electric vehicles over traditional cars? 12.What is one challenge of using electric vehicles? 13.What are governments doing to encourage the purchase of electric vehicles? 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. A. To provide entertainment for wealthy individuals. B. To offer a retreat from the chaos and pollution of industrial cities. C. To serve as venues for political gatherings. D. To facilitate trade and commerce. 15. A. The addition of playgrounds. B. The inclusion of sports facilities. C. The establishment of places for concerts. D. The creation of large shopping malls. 16. A. Building more parking facilities. B. Planting exotic species of plants. C. Promoting environmental protection. D. Hosting international sporting events. 【答案】14. B 15. D 16. C 【解析】 【原文】 Good morning, everyone. Welcome to our series on how urban spaces are changing. Today, we’re going to talk about the evolution of city parks and why they matter more than ever. Our story starts in the mid-1800s. Cities were booming because of industrialization. Streets were packed with people, horses, and carriages. But even with all this activity, there was a strong desire for peace and nature. That’s when city parks, like New York’s Central Park and London’s Hyde Park, came in. They were like calm oases in the busy cities. These parks were made to be a getaway from the noise and pollution of city life. Families could have picnics, kids could play, and couples could walk together. As time moved on, parks changed to fit the needs of city people. In the 1900s, parks started to add things like playgrounds, sports facilities, and places for concerts. This made them community centers where everyone could join in different activities. In recent years, the focus has been on sustainability and keeping the environment safe. Many city parks now use solar lights, collect rainwater, and have plants that are native to the area. These actions help lessen the environmental impact of the parks and teach visitors why it’s important to take care of nature. Today, city parks are still very important for relaxation and fun. They help clean the air, lower stress, and build a sense of community. Whether it’s jogging in the morning, picnicking in the afternoon, or listening to a concert in the evening, these green spaces are a crucial part of city life. And that’s our look at how city parks have grown and shaped our cities. Thanks for listening, and stay tuned for more insights into the world around us. Questions: 14.Why did city parks emerge in the mid-1800s? 15.Which feature is NOT mentioned as part of the evolution of city parks in the 20th century? 16.What is one key focus of city parks in recent years according to the speech? 听下面一段长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. A. Whether to play an original song or a cover. B. Whether to perform alone or with a band. C. Whether to play a Beatles song or a Coldplay song. D. Whether to use his own guitar or the school’s. 18. A. A guitar and cables. B. A microphone and cables. C. A sound system and a guitar. D. A microphone and a sound system. 19. A. Wednesday after school. B. Thursday from 4:00 to 6:00 PM. C. Friday before the festival. D. Saturday morning. 20. A. Promote his social media. B. Perform for 10 minutes. C. Use the school’s sound system. D. Sell merchandise like CDs or T-shirts. 【答案】17. C 18. A 19. B 20. D 【解析】 【原文】F: Hey Tom, have you decided what to play for the music festival next Friday? M: Almost! I’m thinking of playing three songs: one original and two covers. But I’m still deciding between a Beatles song or a Coldplay one for the finale. What do you think? F: Hmm, tough choice. The Beatles are classic, but Coldplay might appeal more to our generation. By the way, have you checked the technical requirements with the stage team? M: Not yet. What do I need to know? F: Well, you’ll need to bring your own guitar and cables, but the sound system and microphones will be provided. Also, there’s a 10-minute limit for each performance, so make sure your performance fits within that. M: Got it. What about rehearsals? Can I practice on the stage before the event? F: Yes, we’ve scheduled a rehearsal session on Thursday after school. It’s from 4:00 to 6:00 PM. Make sure you’re there on time. M: I’ll be there. Oh, and one more thing—are we allowed to sell merchandise, like CDs or T-shirts, at the festival? F: Unfortunately, no. The school policy doesn’t allow selling anything during school events. But you can promote your social media or YouTube channel if you have one. M: OK. Thanks for the information, Sarah. I’ll see you at the rehearsal! F: No problem. Good luck with your final preparations! Questions: 1.What is Tom struggling to decide about his performance? 2.What equipment does Tom need to bring for his performance? 3.When is the rehearsal session scheduled? 4.What is Tom NOT allowed to do at the music festival? II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Coral Cultures Studying corals usually requires either observing them alive in the ocean or examining their dead tissue in a laboratory. But new research offers a way to keep all coral cell types alive in a lab cultures for two weeks or 21 (long), opening novel experimental possibilities. The cells of cnidarians (a group that includes corals and sea anemones) are notoriously difficult 22 (culture). These cells 23 (easily damage) during extraction, and corals also have complex microbiomes (微生物群) that are tricky to wipe out with antibiotics. But 24 left alive, the microbes often take over cell cultures. Many cnidarians are both endangered and critical for marine ecosystem health. “We need to do more than just document 25 death,” says University of Miami marine biologist Nikki Traylor-Knowles, who is senior author on a new study in Scientific Reports. In it, her team details how to reduce a coral to its constituent cells and then grow them all together — like 26 (cultivate) the animal on a plate. The researchers made slight changes to a standard growth medium (made of seawater, chemicals and antibiotics) to reach optimal formulas for two different cnidarian species. These formulas let all the 27 (test) species’ cell types grow at once, without microbes or extraneous (无关的) tissues. The new methodology will bring unparalleled visibility into how cell types interact, Traylor-Knowles says, and it will allow for higher-volume experiments without raising or killing whole animals. Scientists do not yet understand all cnidarian cell types, 28 their functions. These cultures could show how different cells respond to stressors, 29 types are most vulnerable to health failures, and possibly where cnidarians get their impressive regenerative abilities. The study is groundbreaking, says molecular biologist Juris Grasis of the University of California, Merced, who was not involved with the paper but also studies cnidarians. He says he was “jealous as hell” when he saw the result. Some cell populations survived for as long as 30 days, he notes, 30 implies the possibility of scaling up cell reproduction for future research. Next up, Grasis says: “How do we translate this back into the field and make corals healthy again?” 【答案】 21．longer 22．to culture 23．are easily damaged 24．if 25．their 26．cultivating 27．tested 28．nor 29．which 30．which 【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了一项突破性的科学研究，该研究成功地在实验室中培养出了所有类型的珊瑚细胞，为海洋生物学研究开辟了新的可能性。 21．考查形容词比较级。句意：但新的研究提供了一种方法，可以在实验室培养中让所有珊瑚细胞类型存活两周或更长时间，从而开启新的实验可能性。根据“keep all coral cell types alive”及“two weeks or”可知，此处表示“更长的时间”，应用形容词比较级longer。故填longer。 22．考查非谓语动词。句意：众所周知，刺胞动物(包括珊瑚和海葵的一类生物)的细胞难以培养。be difficult to do sth.是固定结构，意为“做某事有困难”，此处用动词不定式的主动形式to culture表达被动含义。故填to culture。 23．考查动词时态语态。句意：这些细胞在提取过程中很容易受损，而且珊瑚还有复杂的微生物群，用抗生素很难清除。根据“are”及“have”可知，此处描述客观事实，cells与damage是动宾关系，主语cells是复数，应用一般现在时的被动语态are easily damaged。故填are easily damaged。 24．考查连词。句意：但如果让它们存活下来，微生物往往会接管细胞培养。根据“left alive”及“take over cell cultures”可知，此处表条件，应用连词if，引导状语从句，且从句省略主语和be动词，完整形式为“if they are left alive”。故填if。 25．考查代词。句意：迈阿密大学的海洋生物学家Nikki Traylor-Knowles说：“我们需要做的不仅仅是记录它们的死亡。”此处指代前文提到的Many cnidarians，修饰名词death，应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。 26．考查非谓语动词。句意：在这项研究中，她的团队详细介绍了如何将珊瑚分解成其组成细胞，然后将它们全部培养在一起，就像在培养皿中培养动物一样。根据空前介词like可知，应用动名词cultivating，作宾语。故填cultivating。 27．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些配方让所有被测试物种的细胞类型同时生长，没有微生物或无关组织。species与test是动宾关系，此空应是过去分词tested作定语，表示“被测试的”。故填tested。 28．考查连词。句意：科学家们还不了解所有的刺胞动物细胞类型，也不了解它们的功能。空处表示“也不”，应用连词nor。故填nor。 29．考查宾语从句。句意：这些培养物可以显示不同的细胞如何对应激源做出反应，哪些类型最容易受到健康问题的影响，以及刺胞动物可能从哪里获得其令人惊叹的再生能力。此处引导宾语从句，且空处在从句中作定语修饰名词types，表示“哪些”，上文限定了范围“all cnidarian cell types”，应用which。故填which。 30．考查定语从句。句意：他指出，一些细胞群存活了长达30天，这意味着有可能为未来的研究扩大细胞繁殖。此处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子的内容，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. activated B. combined C. drives D. informed E. overrides F. previously G. readily H. stimulating I. survival J. underlying K. unfamiliar The six human hungers At the heart of food psychology lies a powerful question: Why do we eat what we eat? This question has led to a discovery ____31____ my entire conceptual framework of health and eating: the six human hungers. In observing behaviors and common struggles around food, I noticed most eating decisions weren’t purely based on physical hunger. Instead, they often arose from a complex combination of psychological, biological and emotional ____32____ that didn’t always reflect the body’s actual needs. This realization revealed a critical insight: What we often think of as “hunger” can actually be ____33____ by any of six distinct motivations: from nutritional needs to emotional needs, which has the power to influence when, what and how much we eat. Understanding which of these hungers is at play allows you to reclaim control over your eating choices so you can make intentional and ____34____ decisions rather than simply responding to impulses (冲动). These hungers determine our eating patterns, and their influence only intensifies when several of them are triggered at once. When three or more happen at the same time, the extreme hunger is nearly impossible to resist because it engages an ancient ____35____ instinct: as hunger grows, so does our urgency and adaptability in choosing foods. Prolonged hunger might have driven our ancestors to hunt more dangerous game or to experiment with ____36____ plants — a strategy that, while risky, was sometimes safer than facing starvation. This instinct to eat what was available may have saved lives in times of food shortage, but in today’s world of sufficient, ____37____ accessible food, it often works against us. This is a key reason why so many diets fail. Although they’re often poorly nourished (滋养), people attempt to adopt restrictive diets. Before long, intensified hunger ____38____ self-discipline, pushing them to make poor food choices. Feelings of guilt or shame may follow, ironically (讽刺地) ____39____ even more consumption and creating a cycle of overeating and self-blame. Generally speaking, each of the six hungers can affect us independently, but when multiple types of hunger are active, their ____40____ force can overcome even the strongest willpower. Next, we’ll look at the six human hungers as well as how to respond to each effectively, a new approach to navigating your relationship with food. 【答案】31. J 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. I 36. K 37. G 38. E 39. H 40. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于人类六种饥饿感的新发现，解释了它们如何综合影响我们的饮食选择和行为，并指出理解这些饥饿感有助于我们更好地控制饮食。 【31题详解】 考查动词。句意：正是这个问题，让我发现了构成我个人健康与饮食核心理念的基础：人类的六种饥饿感。根据“my entire conceptual framework of health and eating”可推知，这个发现构成了作者个人健康与饮食核心理念的基础。动词underlie意为“构成……的基础，为……的起因”，用现在分词作后置定语。故选项J。 【32题详解】 考查名词。句意：相反，它们通常源于心理、生物和情感驱动的复杂组合，这些驱动并不总是反映身体的真实需求。根据“they often arose from”可推知，心理、生物和情感因素驱动了它们的产生。C项“drives”意为“驱动力；冲动”，符合语境。故选项C。 【33题详解】 考查动词。句意：这种认识揭示了一个关键的见解：我们通常认为的“饥饿”实际上可能由六种不同的动机所激活。根据“by any of six distinct motivations”可知，“饥饿感”是被这些动机所激发或引起的。A项“activated”意为“激活；触发”，常用于表示某种机制或反应被启动，符合语境。故选项A。 【34题详解】 考查形容词。句意：理解哪一种饥饿在起作用，能让你重新控制自己的饮食选择，从而做出有意的、明智的决定，而不是简单地回应冲动。根据“Understanding which of these hungers is at play”和“rather than simply responding to impulses (冲动)”可知，这一决策是建立在理解的基础上，并非冲动的，是经过思考的明智决定。D项“informed”意为“明智的；基于信息的”，与“intentional”并列，符合语境。故选项D。 【35题详解】 考查形容词。句意：当其中三种或更多饥饿感同时出现时，那种极致的饥饿感几乎无法抵抗，因为它触发了一种古老的生存本能：饥饿愈盛，我们选择食物的紧迫感和适应性就愈强。根据“is nearly impossible to resist”和“as hunger grows, so does our urgency and adaptability in choosing foods”可推知，生存本能被触发，所以无法抗拒。I项“survival”意为“生存的”，作定语，是常见搭配，符合语境。故选项I。 【36题详解】 考查形容词。句意：当其中三种或更多饥饿感同时出现时，那种极致的饥饿感几乎无法抵抗，因为它触发了一种古老的生存本能：饥饿愈盛，我们选择食物的紧迫感和适应性就愈强。根据“driven our ancestors to hunt more dangerous game”和“while risky”可推知，极致的饥饿感会让人们去冒险，尝试的不熟悉植物是冒险行为之一。K项“unfamiliar”意为“不熟悉的”，作定语，符合语境。故选项K。 【37题详解】 考查副词。句意：这种有什么吃什么的本能可能在食物短缺时期拯救过生命，但在当今食物充足、易于获取的世界里，它常常对我们不利。根据“in today’s world of sufficient”可知，当今世界，食物是充足的，易于获取的。G项“readily”意为“容易地”，修饰形容词 accessible，符合语境。故选项G。 【38题详解】 考查动词。句意：不久之后，加剧的饥饿感会压倒自律，促使他们做出糟糕的食物选择。根据“pushing them to make poor food choices”可知，饥饿感变得强烈，会战胜或压制住自律，进而让人做出糟糕的选择。E项“overrides”意为“压倒；优先于”，符合语境。故选项E。 【39题详解】 考查动词。句意：内疚或羞愧的感觉可能会随之而来，讽刺的是，这会刺激甚至更多的进食，并创造一个过度饮食和自我责备的循环。根据“even more consumption”可推知，这里表示负面情绪反而导致了更多的进食。H项“stimulating”意为“刺激；促使”，符合“导致更多进食”的语境。故选项H。 【40题详解】 考查形容词。句意：一般来说，这六种饥饿感中的每一种都可以独立地影响我们，但当多种饥饿感同时活跃时，它们结合的力量甚至可以战胜最强大的意志力。根据“when multiple types of hunger are active”可知，多种饥饿感共同作用时，它们的力是联合或结合的。B项“combined”意为“结合的；联合的”，修饰“force”，表示合力。故选项B。 III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context Mercury, an elemental metal that exists in liquid form at room temperature, occurs naturally in the environment. Metallic mercury occurs primarily in the earth’s crust but can be ____41____ into the atmosphere by human activities, such as burning rubbish or coal and gold mining. Organic mercury is mainly produced when tiny organisms consume inorganic mercury and ___42____ it into an organic compound such as methyl mercury, a poisonous chemical that is commonly found in mercury-polluted water. Although the impact of mercury on the environment has been ____43____ by some industries and individuals, it is a top ten chemical of major health ___44____ according to the WHO. Despite this, the severity of mercury’s poison remains to be fully understood. Long-time exposure to mercury can pose significant ____45____ to human health, including brain damage and reproductive issues. Mercury also ____46____ damages the life cycles of water-dwelling creatures. To protect human health and the environment, the international community has taken steps to limit the use and release of mercury. Adopted in 2013, the Minamata Convention on Mercury came into effect on August 16, 2017, ___47____ a global commitment to fight against mercury pollution. In addition, some countries have made their own laws and regulations, such as the United States’ “Mercury and Air Toxic Standards” and the European Union’s “Regulation (EU) 2017/852.” The goal of the Minamata Convention is to reduce mercury emissions and protect human health and the environment by ____48____ the production and use of mercury and mercury-containing products. ____49____ the convention promotes scientific and technological innovation to develop greener, less poisonous alternatives. The convention ____50____ a diverse range of products, including batteries, switches and relays, cosmetics and fluorescent lamps, etc. The plan is to phase out the mercury in these products over a few years, aiming for full commitment by the end of 2027. The convention also seeks to restrict dentists’ use of mercury in bulk form and dental amalgam, a mercury-based chemical mixture used to fill tooth cavities. This restriction particularly ____51____ the dental treatment of baby teeth for patients under 15 years and to dental treatment for pregnant and breastfeeding women. ____52____ the Minamata Convention, one province in China has created its own plan to restrict the production and ____53____ of mercury-containing products and reduce mercury discharges. These efforts not only protect the local environment but also contribute to the ____54____ effort to reduce reliance on this dangerous element. Mercury pollution is a ____55____ environmental issue that no one person or industry can solve alone. But, if we all work together, we can weaken the impact of mercury and create a healthier, cleaner planet. 41. A. directed B. released C. switched D. revealed 42. A. transform B. evolve C. isolate D. upgrade 43. A. weakened B. overestimated C. emphasized D. underestimated 44. A. requirement B. management C. concern D. decline 45. A. functions B. risks C. warnings D. disciplines 46. A. significantly B. slightly C. sufficiently D. eventually 47. A. completing B. recognizing C. signaling D. promoting 48. A. improving B. limiting C. scheduling D. monitoring 49. A. Especially B. Additionally C. Ultimately D. Oppositely 50. A. targets B. produces C. provides D. gathers 51. A. adapts to B. rises to C. applies to D. turns to 52. A. In terms of B. In addition to C. In response to D. In spite of 53. A. import B. export C. combination D. increase 54. A. local B. global C. great D. continuous 55. A. protective B. controversial C. unavoidable D. critical 【答案】41. B 42. A 43. D 44. C 45. B 46. A 47. C 48. B 49. B 50. A 51. C 52. C 53. A 54. B 55. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了汞存在于自然环境中，人类活动与微生物作用会改变其形态，它对人类健康和生态危害极大，国际社会与各国通过公约、法规限制汞的使用以应对污染。 【41题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：金属汞主要存在于地壳中，但也会因人类活动（如焚烧垃圾、燃烧煤炭以及金矿开采）而释放到大气中。A. directed指导；B. released释放；C. switched转换；D. revealed揭露。根据后文“by human activities, such as burning rubbish or coal and gold mining”可知，金属汞会通过焚烧垃圾、燃煤、金矿开采等人类活动被排放到大气中。release into表示“释放、排放到……中”，故选B。 【42题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有机汞主要是在微小生物摄取无机汞并将其转化为有机化合物（如甲基汞）的过程中产生的。甲基汞是一种有毒化学物质，常见于受汞污染的水中。A. transform转变；B. evolve进化；C. isolate隔离；D. upgrade升级。根据后文“it into an organic compound”可知，微生物吸收无机汞并将其转化为有机汞（如甲基汞）。transform...into... 表示“将……转化为……”，故选A。 【43题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管一些行业和个人对汞对环境的影响存在低估的情况，但根据世界卫生组织的统计数据，汞是十大主要健康威胁物质之一。A. weakened削弱；B. overestimated高估；C. emphasized强调；D. underestimated低估。后文“it is a top ten chemical of major health”提到“汞是世卫组织列出的十大重点健康危害化学品之一”，结合转折词although可推断，部分企业和个人低估了汞对环境的影响。故选D。 【44题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管一些行业和个人对汞对环境的影响存在低估的情况，但根据世界卫生组织的统计数据，汞是十大主要健康威胁物质之一。A. requirement要求；B. management管理；C. concern担心；D. decline下降。根据后文“Despite this, the severity of mercury’s poison remains to be fully understood.(尽管如此，汞的毒性程度仍需进一步全面了解)”可知，汞是世卫组织认定的十大主要健康危害化学品之一。health concern意为“健康隐患、健康关切”。故选C。 【45题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：长期接触汞会对人体健康造成重大危害，包括可能导致大脑损伤和生育问题。A. functions功能；B. risks风险；C. warnings警告；D. disciplines纪律。根据上文“Despite this, the severity of mercury’s poison remains to be fully understood.(尽管如此，汞的毒性程度仍需进一步全面了解)”以及后文“including brain damage and reproductive issues”可知，长期接触汞会给人体健康带来显著风险。pose risks to表示“对……构成风险”，故选B。 【46题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：汞还会严重破坏水生生物的生命周期。A. significantly显著地，严重地；B. slightly稍微；C. sufficiently充分地；D. eventually最后。根据后文“damages the life cycles of water-dwelling creatures”以及前文强调汞对人体危害大，本句承接说明汞也严重破坏水生生物的生命周期。故选A。 【47题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：《水俣公约》于2013年通过，2017年8月16日正式生效，标志着全球已共同许下对抗汞污染的承诺。A. completing完成；B. recognizing认可；C. signaling标志；D. promoting促进。根据后文“a global commitment to fight against mercury pollution”可知，《水俣公约》生效，标志着全球对抗汞污染的共同承诺。故选C。 【48题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：《水俣公约》的目标是减少汞排放，通过限制汞的生产和使用以及汞含量较高的产品的使用来保护人类健康和环境。A. improving改善；B. limiting限制；C. scheduling安排；D. monitoring监督。根据上文“The goal of the Minamata Convention is to reduce mercury emissions and protect human health and the environment by”可知，公约的目标是通过限制汞及含汞产品的生产和使用，减少汞排放。前文“To protect human health and the environment, the international community has taken steps to limit the use and release of mercury.(为了保护人类健康和环境，国际社会已采取措施来限制汞的使用和排放)”提到“国际社会采取措施限制汞的使用和释放”，此处与之呼应。故选B。 【49题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，该公约还推动了科学和技术的创新，以开发更环保、毒性更低的替代品。A. Especially特别；B. Additionally此外；C. Ultimately最后；D. Oppositely反向地。前文讲限制生产使用，本句讲推动科技创新开发环保替代品，是补充说明公约的另一举措。additionally（此外）表递进。故选B。 【50题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：该公约涵盖的产品种类繁多，包括电池、开关和继电器、化妆品以及荧光灯等。A. targets把……作为目标；B. produces生产；C. provides提供；D. gathers聚集。根据后文“a diverse range of products, including batteries, switches and relays, cosmetics and fluorescent lamps, etc.”可知，公约针对多种产品（电池、开关、化妆品等），计划逐步淘汰其中的汞。故选A。 【51题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这一限制尤其适用于15岁以下儿童的乳牙治疗，以及孕妇和哺乳期妇女的牙齿治疗。A. adapts to适应；B. rises to克服困难；C. applies to适用于；D. turns to求助于。根据后文“the dental treatment of baby teeth for patients under 15 years and to dental treatment for pregnant and breastfeeding women”可知，这项限制尤其适用15岁以下儿童的乳牙治疗，以及孕妇和哺乳期女性的牙科治疗。故选C。 【52题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：为响应《水俣公约》，中国的一个省份已制定了自己的计划，旨在限制含汞产品的生产与进口，并减少汞的排放。A. In terms of就……而言；B. In addition to除了……之外；C. In response to作为回应；D. In spite of尽管。根据后文“China has created its own plan to restrict the production”可知，中国某省份制定相关计划，是为响应《水俣公约》的举措。in response to表示“响应、作为对……的回应”符合语境。故选C。 【53题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：为响应《水俣公约》，中国的一个省份已制定了自己的计划，旨在限制含汞产品的生产与进口，并减少汞的排放。A. import进口；B. export出口；C. combination结合；D. increase增加。根据上文“restrict the production and”可知，该计划旨在限制含汞产品的生产和进口，减少汞排放。import（进口）与 production（生产）并列，符合管控维度。故选A。 【54题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些举措不仅保护了当地的环境，而且也为全球减少对这种危险元素的依赖做出了贡献。A. local当地的；B. global全球的；C. great伟大的；D. continuous持续的。根据后文“no one person or industry can solve alone”可知，这些举措不仅保护当地环境，也助力全球减少对汞依赖的努力。前文“a global commitment to fight against mercury pollution”提到公约是全球性的承诺，此处与之呼应。故选B。 【55题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：汞污染是一个严重的环境问题，它超出了任何个人或任何行业所能单独解决的范畴。A. protective保护的；B. controversial有争议的；C. unavoidable不可避免的；D. critical严峻的、关键的。根据后文“no one person or industry can solve alone”可知，汞污染是一个关键的、严峻的环境问题，无法靠个人或单个行业解决。故选D。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) She didn’t realize it at the time, but when Kahumbu was young, she was taken under the wing of a world-renowned scientific icon. Richard Leakey, the paleoanthropologist (古人类学家) from the family of trailblazing (开创性的) conservationists, was Kahumbu’s neighbor and mentor. His commitment to shepherding a young Kahumbu toward her dreams was, as she puts it, “extremely special.” It was in Kenya’s coastal forests, that her love for elephants, their immensity and grace, began. She was soon fighting tooth and nail for elephants’ protection against environmental and human threats. In 2004, somewhere along the Kenyan coastline, Kahumbu rescued an orphaned hippopotamus in the aftermath of the Indian Ocean tsunami. She cared for it at one of a few animal sanctuaries she was managing, and the baby hippo became friends with its neighbor — a 130-year-old tortoise. Kahumbu shared a photograph of the odd pair resting together with the world; the overwhelming response set her on a new path. In 2018, she kicked off Wildlife Warriors Kids, an initiative across Kenya that helps teachers integrate wildlife film showings and work plans into their curriculum to help connect young Kenyans with science and their heritage. So, when Kahumbu was later spontaneously offered 30 acres of land. Through her mainly Kenya-based career, the irony is not lost on her that native Kenyans do not have a word for “conservation.” It’s a testament to the natural way caring for the environment and its living things are part of everyday life, Kahumbu says. Pastoral tribes (田园部落) take cues from animal behavior that could signal threats, environmental changes, or availability of resources. The modern practice of protecting nature by isolating it from humans, she explains, is hard to understand. Even the term “protected area,” is perplexing to these communities. “Protected from what? From us people?” is something Kahumbu has been asked repeatedly. “They don’t consider themselves to be a threat to nature,” she says. Instead, conserving nature is simply a part of conserving livelihoods. “The right way to learn about nature is not to be closed off by a big wall. You need to feel the cold air at night, you need to see the stars, you need to smell the grass, and the flowers, how they change their scents during different times of the day,” she illustrates. 56. What event marked a turning point in Kahumbu’s career? A. Managing a sanctuary for orphaned hippos B. Receiving donations of land for conservation C. Sharing a photo depicting an unlikely friendship D. Establishing a coastal forest protection program 57. Which is the true according to this passage? A. Kahumbu’s early career was Enlightened by a wildlife protection expert. B. She loves elephants because the experience in the savannahs of Kenya. C. She saved a hippo in the emergency time when Indian Ocean tsunami happened. D. Wildlife Warriors Kids aims to help teachers integrate animal protection into their classroom 58. why does the fact that Kenyans don’t have a word for “conservation” represent an irony for Kahumbu? A. Kenyans have less concern for the environmental issues. B. Modern conservation terms seem redundant in Kenya. C. Conserving nature is simply a part of conserving livelihoods D. Natural integration of environmental care into Kenyan culture. 59. What kind of method of learning about nature might Kahumbu agree with? A. Learn the habits of birds through multimedia learning B. Perceive the spirituality of animals by reading books C. Learn by taking field trips while studying soils D. Conducting a daily walk around a nearby park 【答案】56. C 57. C 58. D 59. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述 Kahumbu 的野生动物保护历程及理念。 【56题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Kahumbu shared a photograph of the odd pair resting together with the world; the overwhelming response set her on a new path. (卡洪布向世界分享了这对奇特伙伴一同休憩的照片，公众的热烈反响为她开辟了新道路。)”可知，分享照片是她职业生涯的转折点。故选C项。 【57题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“In 2004, somewhere along the Kenyan coastline, Kahumbu rescued an orphaned hippopotamus in the aftermath of the Indian Ocean tsunami. (2004 年，在肯尼亚海岸线某处，卡洪布在印度洋海啸后营救了一只失去双亲的河马幼崽。)”可知，她在印度洋海啸发生的紧急时刻救了一只河马。故选C项。 【58题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Through her mainly Kenya-based career, the irony is not lost on her that native Kenyans do not have a word for “conservation.” It’s a testament to the natural way caring for the environment and its living things are part of everyday life, Kahumbu says. (在她主要扎根于肯尼亚的职业生涯中，颇具讽刺意味的是，她注意到肯尼亚本地人并没有对应“保护”的词汇。卡洪布说，这恰恰证明了对环境及其生物的关爱本就是日常生活的自然组成部分。)”可知，肯尼亚人没有“保护”一词这一事实对卡洪布来说具有讽刺意味，是因为肯尼亚文化中自然融入了环境保护。故选D项。 【59题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中““The right way to learn about nature is not to be closed off by a big wall. You need to feel the cold air at night, you need to see the stars, you need to smell the grass, and the flowers, how they change their scents during different times of the day,” she illustrates. (她阐释道：“了解自然的正确方式，不是被一堵高墙隔绝在外。你需要感受夜晚的寒气，需要仰望星辰，需要嗅闻青草与花朵的芬芳——感受它们在一天中不同时刻如何变换香气。”)”可知，她认同通过实地考察学习自然，与选项 C “实地考察并研究土壤” 的观点一致。故选 C。 (B) China now has 57 sites included on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Let’s have a look at four of them, which may give you some advice on your next travel plan. Huangshan Mountain Huangshan, known as “the loveliest mountain of China”, lies in the south of Anhui Province in eastern China. The scenic area covers 154 square kilometers, and is famous for its peaks, rocks, pines, clouds and springs. Longmen Grottoes（石窟） The Longmen Grottoes lies in the south of Luoyang city, Henan Province. It includes the largest collection of Chinese art of the late Northern Wei and Tang dynasties, and shows the achievements of Chinese stone carving. Gulangyu Island Located on the entry of the Jiulong River, the island is a popular tourist destination known for its natural scenery, rich history and unique architecture. It was occupied（占领）by at least a dozen countries, including Great Britain, France and Japan. Gulangyu is naturally referred to as the “island of music”, with a harmonious mixture of Western music and Eastern culture. It is famous for its outstanding musicians and musical instruments. Ancient villages in southern Anhui Lying in southern Anhui, Xidi and Hongcun have a high historical and artistic value in architecture. The villages show the architectural features of the Huizhou-style d living houses in the period of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Xidi and Hongcun were added onto the list on November 30,2000． 60. What can be seen in Longmen Grottoes? A. Pines and springs. B. Unique houses. C. Rocks and Temples. D. Carved stones. 61. In which place can you admire the Western music according to the passage? A. Huangshan Mountain. B. Longmen Grottoes. C. Gulangyu Island. D. Ancient villages in southem Anhui. 62. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. The Longmen Grottoes is located in the south of Anhui Province in eastern China. B. People can enjoy the natural scenery and fine Chinese artworks in Huangshan Mountain. C. Gulangyu is famous for its unique history and culture in the Ming and Qing dynasties. D. People fond of the Huizhou-styled houses can visit Ancient villages in Anhui. 【答案】60. D 61. C 62. D 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了中国一些被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录的著名景点。 【60题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Longmen Grottoes 标题下的“It includes the largest collection of Chinese art of the late Northern Wei and Tang dynasties, and shows the achievements of Chinese stone carving.（它包括北魏晚期和唐时期最大的中国艺术收藏，并展示了中国石雕的成就。）”可知，在龙门石窟能够欣赏到许多石刻。故选D。 【61题详解】 细节理解题。根据Gulangyu Island 标题下的“Gulangyu is naturally referred to as the 'island of music', with such a harmonious mixture of Western music and Eastern culture.（鼓浪屿融合了西方音乐和东方文化，自然被称为‘音乐之岛’。）”可知，在鼓浪屿能够欣赏到西方的音乐。故选C。 【62题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Ancient villages in southern Anhui标题下“The villages show the architectural features of the Huizhou-styled living houses in the period of the Ming and Qing dynasties.（这些村落展示了明清时期徽州民居的建筑特色。）”可知，一位喜欢徽派建筑的人们可能会选择参观安徽的古村落。故选D。 (C) Lots of names have been proposed for the world’s youngest generation, born roughly since 2010. Some are predictable, such as “iPad kids” and “Generation AI”. Others are puzzling, as with “Polars”, which nods both to growing polarisation and shrinking ice caps. One name has caught on in the English-speaking West: “Generation Alpha”. It symbolises a fresh chapter, says Mark McCrindle, the Australian demographer (人口学家) behind it. He consulted people for ideas nearly 20 years ago; many suggested the name “Gen A”. But rather than go back to the start of the Latin alphabet (字母表), he shifted to the Greek one. “Alpha” has recently become a trendy term. Reports and surveys have been published about these youngsters, describing their preferences and predicting their future. Analysts suggest that Alphas will become the most innovative generation. Such insights make for good headlines. But social scientists say it is too soon to identify the distinctive characteristics of a group that includes toddlers (学步儿童). Predicting how they will grow up “has no more value than guesswork”, says Bobby Duffy, a professor at King’s College London: Many judgments made now will be proved wrong in the future. Research is largely driven by commercial interests. Alpha is projected to be the world’s largest generation, with more than 2 billion members. By 2029, nearly $5.5 trillion will be spent on Alphas a year, predicts McCrindle’s research firm. That presents an opportunity for businesses, and for the marketing firms that advise “how to prepare for Gen Alpha”. Restrictions on marketing to youngsters prevent many insights. Governments regulate advertisements aimed at minors and stop their personal data from being collected without parental permission. Some surveys about Gen Alpha are filled out by parents, who interpret their children’s habits. Many conclusions do not apply to the youngest members. There are disagreements about who exactly counts as Alpha. McCrindle thinks the group should include those born between 2010 and 2024. Yet other firms say Gen Z only stopped being born in 2012. Because there is no official classification, one person’s Z is another’s Alpha. But no one can deny that Alphas are in their formative years, when attitudes and values continue to change as they grow up and come of age. It will be at least five years before Alphas are old enough for real differences to be seen between them and others, believes Duffy. Until then, the generation will keep experts and parents on their toes. 63. In paragraph 3, both social scientists and Bobby Duffy believe that ________. A. Alphas are certain to be highly creative B. current reports accurately describe Alphas C. a precise description of Alphas cannot yet be made D. the name “Generation Alpha” itself reflects positive expectations 64. What can be inferred from the current research on Alphas mentioned in paragraphs 4 and 5? A. Its objectivity may be affected by commercial motivation. B. It is mainly conducted for academic exploration. C. The sample size used in the research process is limited. D. Legal restrictions make the findings more reliable. 65. According to paragraph 6, what does the author imply about Generation Alpha? A. Their values are largely shaped by outside social forces. B. Adults can take a relaxed attitude when dealing with them. C. Disagreements over labels don’t affect how the group is understood. D. Noticeable and distinct qualities won’t emerge until the generation matures. 66. What is the passage mainly about? A. The media’s excitement about naming the youngest generation. B. Why Generation Alpha is expected to reshape future markets and culture. C. The challenges and uncertainties in defining and researching Generation Alpha. D. How parents and marketing agencies influence children’s early development. 【答案】63. C 64. A 65. D 66. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了“阿尔法一代”(2010年后出生的一代)的命名背景、研究面临的挑战及相关争议等。 【63题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“But social scientists say it is too soon to identify the distinctive characteristics of a group that includes toddlers (学步儿童). Predicting how they will grow up “has no more value than guesswork”, says Bobby Duffy, a professor at King’s College London: Many judgments made now will be proved wrong in the future. (但社会科学家表示，现在就确定这个包含学步儿童在内的群体的独特特征还为时过早。伦敦大学国王学院教授Bobby Duffy表示，预测他们将如何成长“和猜测没什么区别”：现在做出的许多判断在未来将被证明是错误的。)”可知，社会科学家和Bobby Duffy都认为目前无法精准描述阿尔法一代的特征。故选C项。 【64题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Research is largely driven by commercial interests. (研究在很大程度上是由商业利益驱动的。)”及“That presents an opportunity for businesses, and for the marketing firms that advise “how to prepare for Gen Alpha”. (这为企业提供了机会，也为那些建议“如何为阿尔法时代做准备”的营销公司提供了机会。)”可知，关于阿尔法一代的研究主要受商业利益驱动，其客观性可能会受商业动机影响。故选A项。 【65题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“But no one can deny that Alphas are in their formative years, when attitudes and values continue to change as they grow up and come of age. It will be at least five years before Alphas are old enough for real differences to be seen between them and others, believes Duffy. (但没人能否认，阿尔法一代正处于成长形成期，随着他们的长大成年，态度和价值观会不断改变。Duffy认为，阿尔法至少还需要五年的时间才能长到足以看出它们和其他群体之间的真正差异。)”可知，作者暗示阿尔法一代的显著独特特质要等他们成年后才会显现。故选D项。 【66题详解】 主旨大意题。第1段介绍了针对2010年后出生的新一代，人们提出了多种命名；第2段说明“阿尔法一代”这一名称在英语国家流行，由人口学家 Mark McCrindle提出，象征“新的篇章”；第3段指出“阿尔法一代”相关报道虽多，但社会科学家认为目前无法精准定义其特征，Bobby Duffy称这类预测“和猜测没什么区别”；第4-5段说明对阿尔法一代的研究受商业利益驱动，且存在法律限制、样本偏差等问题，研究结论的客观性存疑；第6段提到“阿尔法一代”的群体划分存在争议，且其特质要等成长后才会显现。由此可知，文章核心围绕“定义和研究阿尔法一代过程中面临的挑战与不确定性”展开。故选C项。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. According to UNEP’s Food Waste Index Report 2024, 1.05 billion tons of food were wasted globally in 2024, with 28% coming from food service. ______67______ “Wasted food means wasted resources like land, water, energy and labour, and once in landfill (垃圾填埋坑), it releases greenhouse gases that harm the planet and biodiversity,” says Jocelyn Doyle, head of marketing &communications, The Sustainable Hotel Association. “Cutting food waste is a powerful way to make a difference—and breakfast is a smart place to start.” _____68_____ Scandic Hotels in Northern Europe are downsizing their cakes, pastries and muffins, with the option to come back for more; while Hilton Frankfurt serves pre-portioned items like yogurt and fruit cups. Novotel Bangkok Sukhumvit posts polite reminders near buffet stations: “Take only what you can eat.” This shift works well for the modern traveller for whom sustainability is no longer a side note. _____69_____ Striking the right balance between sustainability and service is no small act, especially at breakfast. Many hotels now track how much food is thrown away to determine the buffet’s baseline needs. Doyle also suggests that hotels reconsider under-consumed items, install cook-to-order stations, reduce the selection of items on offer, reduce volumes towards the end of shift and actively guide guest behaviour. “Involve and educate your staff so they understand the changes and can confidently engage guests,” he says. “______70______”. A. Hotels across the world are adopting delicate design choices to meet this goal. B. Travel settings activate a vacation mindset where immoderation feels just right. C. Buffets often lead to overeating due to the “variety effect”—more choice encourages greater consumption. D. Buffet breakfasts are among the worst wrongdoers, generating more than twice as much waste as plated breakfasts. E. Share your efforts through website and social media updates, and use buffet signs to make guests feel part of the solution. F. While many travellers are leaning towards more intentional, low-waste dining, hotels still face the complex task of meeting diverse guest expectations. 【答案】67. D 68. A 69. F 70. E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了全球食物浪费的严峻现状，尤其是餐饮服务行业（以酒店早餐为例）的食物浪费问题，同时介绍了酒店为减少食物浪费所采取的一系列措施。 【67题详解】 空前“According to UNEP’s Food Waste Index Report 2024, 1.05 billion tons of food were wasted globally in 2024, with 28% coming from food service.(根据联合国环境规划署（UNEP）2024年《食物浪费指数报告》，2024年全球共浪费了10.5亿吨食物，其中28%来自餐饮服务行业。)”提到餐饮服务行业的食物浪费很严重，空格处应该承接上文，和餐饮服务行业有关，D选项“Buffet breakfasts are among the worst wrongdoers, generating more than twice as much waste as plated breakfasts.(自助早餐是造成食物浪费的“罪魁祸首”之一，其产生的浪费量是套餐早餐的两倍多。)”说明的是自助早餐产生的浪费量是套餐早餐的两倍多，和前文所说餐饮行业食物浪费严重呼应，因此符合语境。故选D。 【68题详解】 空后“Scandic Hotels in Northern Europe are downsizing their cakes, pastries and muffins, with the option to come back for more; while Hilton Frankfurt serves pre-portioned items like yogurt and fruit cups. Novotel Bangkok Sukhumvit posts polite reminders near buffet stations: “Take only what you can eat.”(北欧的斯堪迪克酒店（Scandic Hotels）正在缩小蛋糕、糕点和松饼的尺寸，顾客可以选择再次取用；而法兰克福希尔顿酒店则提供预先分装好的酸奶和水果杯等食物。曼谷素坤逸诺富特酒店（Novotel Bangkok Sukhumvit）在自助餐区附近张贴了礼貌提醒：“请只取用您能吃得完的食物。”)”提到几个酒店采取的一些减少食物浪费的做法，A选项“Hotels across the world are adopting delicate design choices to meet this goal.(世界各地的酒店都在采用巧妙的设计选择来实现这一目标。)”说明了世界各地的酒店在采取一些办法来减少食物浪费，引起下文的具体例子，符合语境。故选A。 【69题详解】 空后“Striking the right balance between sustainability and service is no small act, especially at breakfast.(要在可持续发展和服务之间找到恰当的平衡并非易事，尤其是在早餐环节。)”说明了要在可持续发展和服务之间找到恰当的平衡是不容易的，F选项“While many travellers are leaning towards more intentional, low-waste dining, hotels still face the complex task of meeting diverse guest expectations.(尽管许多旅行者倾向于更有意识、低浪费的用餐方式，但酒店仍面临着满足不同顾客期望的复杂任务。)”说明了酒店仍然面临满足不同顾客期望的复杂任务，和后文“要在可持续发展和服务之间找到恰当的平衡并非易事”相一致，引起下文，符合语境。故选F。 【70题详解】 空前“Involve and educate your staff so they understand the changes and can confidently engage guests(让员工参与进来并接受相关教育，使他们理解这些变化，并能够自信地与顾客沟通)”是Doyle的建议，空格处也是他的建议，应该用祈使句，E选项“Share your efforts through website and social media updates, and use buffet signs to make guests feel part of the solution.(通过网站更新和社交媒体动态分享酒店在减少浪费方面所做的努力，并使用自助餐标识让顾客感觉自己也是解决问题的一分子。)”是祈使句，是Doyle的建议，因此承接上文，符合语境。故选E。 IV.Summary Writing (共10分） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Sleep Paralysis Have you ever woken up in the middle of the night, aware of your surroundings, yet completely unable to move or speak for a few seconds or even minutes? This unsettling phenomenon, often accompanied by a sense of fear or pressure on the chest, is known as sleep paralysis. This temporary paralysis is a normal function of your body during a sleep stage called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. During REM sleep, your brain actively dreams, and to prevent you from physically acting out those dreams, your body temporarily paralyzes your muscles. Normally, you are unaware of this paralysis because you are asleep. In everyday life, certain conditions can make such episodes more likely to occur. Not getting enough sleep and having an irregular sleep schedule are common risk factors. Additionally, it may be more common in people who have high blood pressure or who suffer from serious headaches. While the exact cause of these episodes is not fully understood, research has confirmed their association with sleep paralysis. In fact, recent findings suggest that sleep paralysis can happen to everyone, with approximately 8% of the general population experiencing it at some point in their lives. Fortunately, for most people, the episodes usually last less than a minute and occur only a few times in their lives. Studies show that the vast majority report little disturbance afterward. Given these findings, most people don’t seek particular treatment. However, for those in need of help, it’s best to follow a regular sleep schedule, create a restful sleep environment, and avoid caffeine or heavy meals late at night. Should the episodes become frequent and severely disruptive, it’s vital to consult a professional healthcare provider — common treatments like targeted medication and structured behavioral therapy often work effectively. 71.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】71.Sleep paralysis, a normal function during REM sleep, refers to a temporary inability to move when waking up. It can be triggered by factors including poor sleep habits and weak physical condition. Although common, it does not typically require treatment. For those needing help, improving sleep practices or seeking medical advice are effective solutions. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。睡眠瘫痪是快速眼动睡眠阶段的一种正常生理现象，具体表现为醒来时出现短暂的身体无法动弹的情况。睡眠不足的作息习惯、身体虚弱等因素均可能诱发该症状。尽管这种现象十分常见，但通常无需进行医学治疗。对于那些需要帮助的人来说，改善睡眠习惯或寻求医疗建议是有效的解决办法。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①This unsettling phenomenon, often accompanied by a sense of fear or pressure on the chest, is known as sleep paralysis. This temporary paralysis is a normal function of your body during a sleep stage called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. ②During REM sleep, your brain actively dreams, and to prevent you from physically acting out those dreams, your body temporarily paralyzes your muscles. ③In everyday life, certain conditions can make such episodes more likely to occur. Not getting enough sleep and having an irregular sleep schedule are common risk factors. Additionally, it may be more common in people who have high blood pressure or who suffer from serious headaches. ④Given these findings, most people don’t seek particular treatment. ⑤However, for those in need of help, it’s best to follow a regular sleep schedule, create a restful sleep environment, and avoid caffeine or heavy meals late at night. Should the episodes become frequent and severely disruptive, it’s vital to consult a professional healthcare provider — common treatments like targeted medication and structured behavioral therapy often work effectively.、. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4、5四个要点进行分说。 3.遣词造句 Sleep paralysis, a normal function during REM sleep, refers to a temporary inability to move when waking up. It can be triggered by factors including poor sleep habits and weak physical condition. Although common, it does not typically require treatment. For those needing help, improving sleep practices or seeking medical advice are effective solutions. 【点睛】[高分句型1]If exam anxiety is getting to you, take comfort in knowing you're not alone.（运用了if引导条件状语从句对原文第一段进行了概括） [高分句型2] For those needing help, improving sleep practices or seeking medical advice are effective solutions.（运用了现在分词作定语） V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 校门口，妈妈往她包里塞了一副手套和一条羊毛围巾。(pack) （汉译英） _______________________________________________ 【答案】At the school gate, her mother packed a pair of gloves and a woolen scarf into her bag. 【详解】考查动词、介词短语和名词。表示“在校门口”短语为at the school gate，在句中作地点状语；表示“她的妈妈”应用her mother；表示“塞……进……里”短语为pack...into...，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，动词pack用过去式packed；表示“一副手套”短语为a pair of gloves；表示“一条羊毛围巾”短语为a woolen scarf ；表示“包”应用bag。故答案为At the school gate, her mother packed a pair of gloves and a woolen scarf into her bag. 73. 这款基于中国古典小说的游戏让许多外国玩家感受到了东方魅力。（expose）（汉译英） _______________________________________________ 【答案】The game based on Chinese classical novels exposes many foreign players to Eastern charm. 【详解】考查过去分词、动词时态和固定搭配。根据句意，该句描述的是客观事实，全句使用一般现在时；表示“这款游戏”为the game作主语，位于句首单词首字母需大写，表示“基于中国古典小说的”作定语修饰主语，“基于……”为based on为过去分词短语作后置定语，表示被动关系，表示“中国古典小说”为Chinese classical novels作宾语；主语为the game，视为单数，因此谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，表示“让……感受到”为expose...to...，表示“使接触/体验到”，所以谓语动词为exposes；“许多外国玩家”为many foreign players作exposes的宾语，“东方魅力”译为Eastern charm作介词to的宾语。故翻译为The game based on Chinese classical novels exposes many foreign players to Eastern charm. 74. 这位工程师将心血倾注于芯片研发，不断攻坚克难，赢得了“时代楷模”的美名。(invest) （汉译英） _______________________________________________ 【答案】The engineer invested all his efforts in chip research, constantly overcoming difficulties, and earned the title “Role Model of the Times.” 【详解】考查动词、副词和名词。表示“工程师”用the engineer；表示“倾注……于”短语为invest...in...，此处用invest all his efforts in表示“将心血倾注于”，句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时；表示“芯片研发”短语为chip research；表示“不断”短语为constantly；表示“攻坚克难”短语为overcome difficulties，此处使用副词constantly作状语修饰动词，同时the engineer与overcome之间是主动关系，故使用现在分词作状语；表示“赢得……美名”短语为earn the title of...，此处用earned the title “Role Model of the Times”表示“赢得了‘时代楷模’的美名”，与前文invested构成并列。故翻译为The engineer invested all his efforts in chip research, constantly overcoming difficulties, and earned the title “Role Model of the Times.” 75. 在失重的环境中，吃饭喝水皆非易事，但中国人对吃的挚爱让我们的宇航员在空间站里成功吃上了烧烤盛宴。(so...that...) （汉译英） _______________________________________________ 【答案】In a weightless environment, eating and drinking are so challenging that Chinese astronauts’ deep love for food enabled them to enjoy a barbecue feast successfully in the space station. 【详解】考查短语、时态和状语从句。表示“在失重环境中”可用in a weightless environment，作状语；表示“吃饭喝水”可用动名词eating and drinking；表示“皆非易事”可用be challenging，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是两个并列的动名词，为复数意义，be用are；“中国人对吃的挚爱让我们的宇航员在空间站里成功吃上了烧烤盛宴”可处理为结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至于”用so…that…；从句中主语表示“中国人对吃的挚爱”可理解为“中国宇航员对食物的深厚热爱”用Chinese astronauts’ deep love for food；表示“使某人能够……”可用enable sb. to do sth.，从句陈述已经发生的事，用一般过去时，enable用过去式enabled；表示“成功吃上了烧烤盛宴”可用enjoy a barbecue feast successfully；表示“在空间站里”为in the space station。故翻译为In a weightless environment, eating and drinking are so challenging that Chinese astronauts’ deep love for food enabled them to enjoy a barbecue feast successfully in the space station. VI.Guided Writing (共25分) Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是校英文报“HEART-TO-HEART”栏目的编辑李华，近期收到一封署名为Worried的求助信。信中该同学向你诉说了自己的困扰：近日容易发脾气，严重影响自己的学习和生活。请写一封回信。内容要点如下： 1. 表示理解并给予安慰； 2. 提出建议并说明理由。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 信的开头与结尾已为你拟好，不计入总词数。 Hi, Worried, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours Li Hua 【答案】 Hi, Worried, Learning that you tend to lose your temper recently and it has had a bad influence on your study and daily life, I understand your trouble and would like to offer you some suggestions. It’s normal for you to feel annoyed and upset when you are in trouble. Try taking a deep breath to calm down, which can help you think more clearly and react more calmly. Additionally, you’d better have a chat with someone you trust, which is a good way of letting your anger out. Sometimes, just sharing your feelings with someone else can make a big difference. Last but not least, going outdoors and playing team games with your friends are good approaches to getting rid of anger keep in mind that a positive attitude towards life can be helpful in lifting your spirits. Please let me know how things are going. Remember, I’m always here to support you. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。考生近期收到一封署名为Worried的求助信。信中该同学向考生诉说了自己的困扰：近日容易发脾气，严重影响自己的学习和生活，要求考生按照要求写一封回信。 【详解】1.词汇积累 最近：recently → lately 影响：influence → impact 困难：trouble → difficulty 建议：suggestion → proposal 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：Learning that you tend to lose your temper recently and it has had a bad influence on your study and daily life, I understand your trouble and would like to offer you some suggestions. 拓展句：After learning that you tend to lose your temper recently and it has had a bad influence on your study and daily life, I understand your trouble and would like to offer you some suggestions. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Learning that you tend to lose your temper recently and it has had a bad influence on your study and daily life, I understand your trouble and would like to offer you some suggestions.（运用了that引导的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】It’s normal for you to feel annoyed and upset when you are in trouble.（运用了when引导的时间状语从句）。 1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $