考前押题07 完形填空（期中复习专项训练）高一英语下学期沪教版

考前押题07 完形填空题 话题1 社会服务 话题4 文学艺术 话题2 运动健康 话题5 个人成长 话题3 研究发现 话题6 自然生态 话题1 社会服务 Passage 1 “It’s almost a moral duty that museums should be free,” said Glenn Lowry, director of the Museum of Modern Art (MOMA) in 2002, when a ticket to MOMA cost $12. In October MOMA started charging $30, the latest in a series of price 1 involving the Metropolitan Museum, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art and so on. Higher energy and labour costs have pushed up ticket prices in Europe, too. Prices have remained 2 only in Asia and the Middle East, where museums are younger and state funding is especially generous. Ticket fees may seem high, particularly in destination cities where tourists are 3 to be discouraged by spending a few more dollars. But whatever museums 4 , it is not covering their operating costs. The Association of Art Museum Directors reported in 2018 that ticket sales accounted on average for just 7% of total 5 at American art museums. Memberships contributed another 7%. The 6 of budgets usually come from charitable donations, grants and retail operations. European museums are less 7 admissions fees, because they are often heavily subsidized (补助) by governments. All national institutions in Britain offer free admission, as do most state-run museums in China while in America some 30% are free. Some observers have repeated Mr Lowry’s call for museum to stop charging for 8 entirely. 9 price s go against museums’goal of sharing art with a more diverse public. They could also speed up the already steep decline in the share of Americans attending museums and galleries. Declining public interest is a challenge for institutions that rely heavily on public support. Those who choose not to visit a museum today may be the people who 10 government subsidies or refuse to write personal cheques as sponsors in a few years. Those who spend time inside museums’galleries are more likely to grasp their richness and want to 11 their own riches in them. Yet significantly reducing costs may not actually do much to 12   new audiences either. If tickets were free, “people who typically come anyway might come more often. 13 that, you’re not really changing your demographic (观众结构), says an economist who studies pricing in the arts. He 14 museums to the best American university: Harvard could afford to make tuition free for all, but many wealthy students who do not need the gift would be among the biggest beneficiaries(受益者). As museums throughout the West debate what price is right, most are unlikely to conclude the answer is 15 , “moral duty” or not. 1．A．lists B．rises C．controls D．wars 2．A．ascending B．flexible C．awe-inspiring D．stable 3．A．unlikely B．supposed C．dissatisfied D．bound 4．A．promote B．submit C．charge D．exhibit 5．A．attendance B．donation C．operation D．revenue 6．A．motivation B．remainder C．generosity D．mixture 7．A．reliant on B．resistant to C．pessimistic about D．tolerant of 8．A．survival B．budgets C．collections D．admission 9．A．Floating B．Discounted C．Ballooning D．Competitive 10．A．contribute to B．vote against C．count on D．despair of 11．A．invest B．evaluate C．anchor D．assemble 12．A．discourage B．relieve C．attract D．entitle 13．A．With a view to B．Apart from C．Contrary to D．For fear of 14．A．credits B．attaches C．refers D．compares 15．A．zero B．both C．wrong D．above Passage 2 Social media can be a convenient way to extend your network, staying in touch with your grandma or sharing photos of your new puppy. 1 , social media can be terrible for your health. It’s our 2 of it that’s out of control. British evolutionary psychologist Robin Dunbar developed the idea that 150 people is the maximum number of meaningful connections anyone can have. You may have 800 friends on Wechat, but you’re not 3 them in person. Your QQ connections may be vast, but how many of them do you have 4 interactions with? If you’re using social media to feel more connected, a recent study published in the American Journal of Health Promotion suggests that it’s not 5 , and it also brought about unfavorable connections and even depression. Positive interactions on social media don’t help people feel 6 . Negative interactions, on the other hand, bring more feelings of sadness. The same goes for 7 , which social media encourages. Another study, published by the American Psychological Association, shows that comparing yourself to others through social media also produces 8 effects, leading to symptoms of depression. Reaching for your cell phone as a mental break is also a (n) 9 idea. Research by Rutgers University compared participants in the process of completing a task who took a break with their cell phones, with paper and pencils, and who took no break at all. Those who used their cell phones during their break solved 22% fewer problems and took 19% longer to complete their tasks than those under the other two 10 . So how should you 11 your social media usage? First, know your time and 12 of use. Use the tracking function on your device to find out how much you’re using it and what you’re using it for. After this, get away from your device unless you have to use it. Tough as it might be, turn off and tune into the world around you. Then, be in charge of your 13 , rather than let it be in charge of you. Your phone’s rings or vibrations (震动) don’t mean you must respond to them. Remind yourself that you’re in charge, not your device or the people on the other end of it who’ve just contacted you. Finally, consider using your device as a (n) 14 builder. Use your apps to find your friends and make your dinner reservation so you can catch up face-to-face in your favorite restaurant, where you’ll keep your phone out of sight. When you’re in control of your 15 , social media becomes a tool to enrich your life but not a distraction that makes you feel miserable. 1．A．Moreover B．Therefore C．Nevertheless D．Likewise 2．A．use B．reform C．ignorance D．range 3．A．commenting on B．cooperating with C．competing with D．connecting with 4．A．virtual B．meaningful C．constant D．complex 5．A．automatic B．productive C．working D．appealing 6．A．more confident B．more satisfied C．calmer D．happier 7．A．comparison B．sharing C．connection D．variety 8．A．instructive B．restrictive C．negative D．active 9．A．widespread B．bad C．creative D．undervalued 10．A．conditions B．assumptions C．influences D．developments 11．A．reduce B．analyze C．manage D．track 12．A．strategies B．boundaries C．efficiency D．purposes 13．A．device B．schedule C．decision D．emotion 14．A．knowledge B．character C．relationship D．confidence 15．A．digital consumption B．personal interaction C．daily routine D．working habit Passage 3 You don’t have to be alone to feel lonely— anyone who has experienced a fallout with friends or has to endure an awkward social gathering will 1 . A recent Wall Street Journal column teaches us how to 2 loneliness. “Loneliness is not just about whether there are others around you. It’s about whether the ones around you are those you can 3 ,” says John T. Cacioppo, director of the Center for Cognitive and Social Neuroscience at the University of Chicago. Cacioppo explains that men and women are equally as likely to experience loneliness, but the kinds of social interaction they may be 4 are different. Women generally 5 for face-to-face social interactions, whereas men are looking for a sense of connection and 6 within a group. Quoting therapists, The Wall Street Journal column points out that loneliness in its most unhealthy form is a distorted way of thinking. It often has an emotional 7 . Big changes in life, such as a breakup or a move to another city or country can be the cause of loneliness. But 8 things such as attending a wedding alone or quarreling with a sibling or a friend can also make us feel lonely. The column also gives advice on how to stop being alone from 9 into feeling lonely. You can start by 10 that you are the one who tells yourself that you feel lonely. You are creating the bad experience of loneliness by how you are thinking and behaving. You should acknowledge 11 thoughts and then try to think differently. How to achieve this? Change the mental story you 12 yourself. Remember that there are people who care about you, 13 they may just be busy at the moment. Try to enjoy the moments you have 14 . Do things you enjoy doing alone, like reading or listening to music. If you are single and live by yourself, you can 15 a gym or a volunteering group to be around other people. 1．A．agree B．bother C．protest D．perceive 2．A．put up with B．turn to C．call on D．fight back 3．A．tolerate B．trust C．predict D．inspire 4．A．excluding B．applying C．missing D．attaching 5．A．account B．make C．long D．constitute 6．A．belonging B．relaxation C．vision D．dominant 7．A．gesture B．response C．touch D．trigger 8．A．small B．vital C．ultimate D．panicky 9．A．sealing B．sliding C．surfing D．stuffing 10．A．anticipating B．recognizing C．informing D．identifying 11．A．positive B．passive C．active D．negative 12．A．read B．find C．tell D．learn 13．A．when B．but C．so D．or 14．A．by yourself B．to yourself C．on yourself D．of yourself 15．A．register B．join C．serve D．admit 话题2 运动健康 Passage 1 You May Need a Few Minutes of Brisk Activity Walking from room to room, running up and down stairs to deliver folded laundry, or taking a jog around the block... Which ones would best help or hurt your brain? A recent study attempted to a answer that question by strapping( 绑上) activity monitors to the thighs of nearly 4,500 people in the United Kingdom and 1 their 24-hour movements for seven days. Researchers then examined how participants’ behavior affected their short-term memory, problem-solving and processing skills. Here’s the good news. People who spent “even small amounts of time in more vigorous activities—as little as six to nine minutes—compared to sitting, sleeping or gentle activities had 2 cognition scores,” said study author John Mitchell. Moderate physical activity is 3 defined as brisk walking or bicycling or running up and down stairs. Vigorous movement 4 dancing, jogging, running, swimming to biking up a hill—basically any activity that is able to 5 your heart rate and breathing. The study found that doing just under 10 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) each day led to 6 in study participants’ working memory. In addition, 10 minutes of MVPA had its biggest impact on executive processes such as 7 and organization. The cognitive improvement was 8 , but the research found that the benefits grew the more time a person spent 9 in the activity of an energetic workout, Mitchell said. “Now that we don’t monitor participants’ cognition over the course of many years, the results of this study may simply be telling us that those individuals who move more tend to have higher cognition on average,” he said. “While on the other hand, the results do also imply that even making 10 changes to our daily lives can have 11 consequences for our cognition.” There was bad news as well. Spending more time sleeping, sitting or engaged only in mild movement was linked to a negative impact on the brain. The study found cognition declined 1% to 2% after replacing an 12 portion of MVPA with eight minutes of sedentary (久坐的) behavior, six minutes of light intensity or seven minutes of sleep. Additional studies need to be done to 13 these findings and to better understand the role that each type of activity plays 14 our cognitive abilities. However, Mitchell said, the study “highlights how even very modest differences in people’s daily movements— less than 10 minutes— can be linked to the 15 of quite real changes to our cognitive health.” 1．A．modifying B．tricking C．clarifying D．tracking 2．A．lower B．higher C．smaller D．bigger 3．A．typically B．previously C．barely D．absolutely 4．A．ranges from B．arises from C．keeps from D．stems from 5．A．calm B．push C．boost D．slow 6．A．improvements B．adjustments C．requirements D．statements 7．A．arguing B．meditating C．planning D．compromising 8．A．imposing B．modest C．accessible D．reliable 9．A．phasing B．indulging C．meditating D．engaging 10．A．maximum B．lasting C．temporary D．minimal 11．A．leading B．positive C．quantifiable D．downstream 12．A．acute B．equivalent C．observable D．unimportant 13．A．reject B．propose C．advocate D．confirm 14．A．in addition to B．with respect to C．prior to D．specific to 15．A．occurrence B．performance C．disappearance D．convenience Passage 2 Have you ever felt nervous or ashamed to take time off work to care for your mental health? Emily Carter, a writer based in New York, recently posed a similar question online, inspired by Mira Kelton, who unexpectedly ____1____ from Olympic events to protect her psychological well-being. “It was ____2____ to many people,” Carter noted in an interview, “because the prevailing (盛行的) mentality is to be strong and push through the pain.” The responses revealed a troubling pattern: due to ____3____ and professional concerns, numerous employees feel pressured to hide their need for mental health leave. This ____4____ hesitation points to a significant gap in workplace support systems that urgently needs to be addressed. While the term “sad day”— often used to refer to a mental health day — lacks an official definition, it generally means paid leave taken from sick days. It allows employees who aren’t feeling like themselves to ____5____, engage in meaningful activities, or simply take a break from daily stressors. To put it mildly, a “sad day” offers only a temporary ____6____ and is not a fix for deeper issues. ____7____, sometimes a short break can make a substantial difference. Recognizing the need for such time off is not always straightforward. According to Elena Stribling, president of the advocacy group Mental Health America, the signs can be ____8____.These may include shifts in mood, slight drops in productivity or difficulty concentrating. Nevertheless, if left unaddressed, these early ____9____ can evolve into severe health issues. Once you’ve decided to take a mental health day, the next question is how to ____10____ your decision. Your relationship with your manager will largely determine how open you can be about your reasons. Stribling warned that anxiety or guilt can sometimes lead to ____11____. In most cases, experts advise simply stating that you need to take a sick day without going into detail. “Not everybody values mental health,” added Andrew Parker, a clinical psychologist at Riverside Medical Center in Belmont, Mass. “Unless you’ re close with your supervisor, it is a(n) ____12____ to present your specific needs.” Finally, how you use “sad days” matters. Reflect on what has led you to this point: Do your personal relationships need attention? Are you exhausted from your workload and in need of ____13____? It may be a mix of several factors. Whatever you do, don’t spend the day ____14____ work messages or feeling guilty. As Stribling emphasized, “Self-care is not a selfish act. People who are selfless to the point of ____15____ end up burning out.” 1. A. recovered B. withdrew C. benefited D. suffered 2. A. convincing B. shocking C. challenging D. inspiring 3. A. dishonesty B. disinterest C. disgrace D. disorder 4. A. collective B. sudden C. intentional D. brief 5. A. step back B. take off C. pass out D. break down 6. A. resolution B. exercise C. calling D. relief 7. A. Besides B. Otherwise C. However D. Thus 8. A. unclear B. external C. imaginary D. evident 9. A. conflicts B. habits C. warnings D. attempts 10. A. communicate B. advocate C. enrich D. delay 11. A. over-reacting B. over-working C. over-sharing D. over-estimating 12. A. duty B. risk C. honor D. priority 13. A. challenge B. praise C. disconnection D. promotion 14. A. deleting B. leaking C. treasuring D. checking 15. A. self-sacrifice B. self-awareness C. self-defense D. self-control Passage 3 Mounting evidence from medical studies has indicated that people who think positively have a lower risk of dying of all causes compared with others their own age who have a more pessimistic view of life. Over the past decade, researchers have ____1____ practical ways to build and maintain a hopeful attitude toward the future. Feeling pleasure actively ____2____ positivity. Try focusing your attention on joyful moments as they happen, consciously appreciating each experience. While weddings or vacations naturally create delight, everyday pleasures often go ____3____ until they fade. By slowing down and truly engaging — whether sharing a meal or chatting with a friend—you add to your enjoyment. Practicing ____4____ also matters. This means appreciating what you receive. Keeping an appreciation journal helps: regularly writing down specific things you’re thankful for, reliving the emotions ____5____ to them. This habit ____6____ deeper appreciation and makes blessings feel less ordinary. ____7____, develop mindfulness. Train your mind to focus ____8____ on the present through regular and structured practice, accepting whatever arises. Unlike enjoying pleasure alone, mindfulness involves fully ____9____ both pleasant and difficult experiences. Staying mindful boosts ____10____ in daily activities and builds your mental toughness to handle challenges. By ____11____ in the “here and now,” many reduce worries about the future, regrets over the past. Maintaining purpose is equally vital. ____12____ life changes — like job loss, children leaving home, or losing loved ones — can bring sorrow. During tough times, stick to ____13____: sleep well, exercise, eat healthily, and stay connected. Define painful transitions as new challenges. If you’re between jobs or retired, look for volunteer opportunities that would benefit from your professional skills. If you miss having children in your life, consider ____14____ or providing academic support. If you’ve lost a parent or spouse, supporting others who are sorrowful can be helpful. Recognizing your strength to weather storms maintains positivity. Emphasizing the positive helps you bounce back from hardship and face future losses. Studies consistently show older adults grow more content with age despite accumulating losses. They tend to minimize the ____15____, accept limitations, and set realistic goals. Adopting these practices earlier makes more impact — potentially enriching your life’s quality. Start encouraging positivity now; its benefits last a lifetime. 1. A. blocked B. reserved C. identified D. qualified 2. A. clarifies B. sustains C. caps D. consumes 3. A. unnoticed B. sour C. wrong D. flashed 4. A. gratitude B. hope C. enthusiasm D. passion 5. A. tailored B. attached C. subjected D. limited 6. A. leads to B. results from C. makes up D. stands for 7. A. Generally B. Additionally C. Interestingly D. Especially 8. A. systematically B. theoretically C. desperately D. considerably 9. A. opposing B. understanding C. repeating D. welcoming 10. A. engagement B. argument C. management D. amusement 11. A. persevering B. specializing C. anchoring D. excelling 12. A. Major B. Desirable C. Constant D. Similar 13. A. regulations B. routines C. supervisors D. exploits 14. A. dedicating B. coaching C. cancelling D. rating 15. A. novel B. negative C. sensitive D. subjective 话题3 研究发现 Passage 1 In the future, we may no longer need chemical pesticides to help crops grow healthily. Chinese scientists have discovered a small molecule called the 2’cADPR in plant cells that can trigger 1 . This molecule holds the potential to be developed into a new type of biopesticide. “Once this biopesticide is put into use, it can 2 when sprayed onto the plant surface and absorbed by the plant,” Wan Li, one of the researchers, told China Daily. “Based on existing scientific knowledge, it potentially can be 3 to different plants and combat many diseases.” Wan’s team studies Arabidopsis thaliana, a plant widely used in biological research. Within its cells, there are around 150 immune sensors, each monitoring for 4 types of “enemies”, such as viruses and harmful bacteria. When one of these sensors 5 a threat, it produces 2’cADPR. This molecule then initiates the plant’s immune response, helping the plant 6 its “shield” of disease resistance. In this 7 , for the plant, 2’cADPR is an exceptionally capable “guard” that can defend against various pathogens (病原体). Scientifically speaking, 2’cADPR is key to the plant’s “broad-spectrum disease resistance”, which means resistance against more than one pathogen species or the majority of races or 8 of the same pathogen. Wan said that the small molecule has already been put into production. The next step is to continue proving its effectiveness in the field and hopefully soon put it into use. 9 , another study jointly conducted by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fudan University and Zhejiang University has 10 a similar broad-spectrum immune pathway in rice. The key molecule in this case is pRib-AMP, which is generated by the OsTIR protein in rice cells. 11 , for immune systems, it’s not always “the stronger, the better”. For both plants and animals, it is crucial to maintain “immune homeostasis (内环境稳定)”, a 12 that allows the immune system to effectively fight off pathogens without 13 or damaging its own tissues. According to the joint study, rice cells achieve this balance through another protein called ROD1, which interacts with OsTIR to prevent it from producing too many pRib-AMP molecules. Wan noted that traditional chemical pesticides harm the environment and 14 health risks. But these special molecules originate from plants themselves and are therefore safe when used properly as biopesticides. This offers a more eco-friendly 15 to protect plants from diseases. 1．A．intensity B．immunity C．particularity D．flexibility 2．A．respond B．occur C．appear D．function 3．A．supplied B．applied C．opposed D．exposed 4．A．general B．random C．specific D．intrinsic 5．A．addresses B．detects C．poses D．creates 6．A．hold up B．take up C．put up D．bring up 7．A．situation B．sense C．case D．scope 8．A．strains B．versions C．variables D．groups 9．A．Meanwhile B．Consequently C．Nevertheless D．Instead 10．A．processed B．realized C．identified D．proved 11．A．Besides B．Moreover C．However D．Therefore 12．A．tendency B．balance C．process D．signal 13．A．overestimating B．overrating C．overusing D．overreacting 14．A．pose B．suggest C．ignore D．manage 15．A．equivalent B．initiative C．preference D．alternative Passage 2 Apes and human beings share a lot in common when it comes to behavior. The evidence taken from the observation of the behavior of apes and children suggests that there are three causes for the outbreak of fighting and the exhibition of 1 by individuals. One of the most common causes of fighting among both children and apes was over the 2 of external objects. The argument over the ownership of any desired object—food, clothes, toys, females, and the affection of others—was sufficient reason to 3 force. In a case of monkeys’ disagreement over females, thirty females were killed. Two points are of particular interest to notice about these fights for possession. In the first place the fights are often carried to such an extreme that they end in the 4 destruction of the objects of common desire. Toys are torn to pieces and females are killed. In the second place it is observable, that 5 occurs when an object is desired by only one person or by someone else. There were many cases where toys and other objects which had been thrown away as useless were 6 defended by their owners when they became the object of some other child’s desire. Another cause of aggression is the tendency for children and apes greatly to 7 the invading of a stranger into their group. A new child in the class may be laughed at, isolated, and disliked. A new monkey may be bitten to death. It is interesting to note that anger occurs when a stranger comes from the 8 species. Monkeys do not mind being 9 by a goat or a rat. Children do not object when animals are introduced to the group. As a matter of fact, such newcomers are often 10 . But when monkeys meet a new monkey or children a strange child, aggression often occurs. This strongly suggests that the reason for the aggression is fundamentally possessiveness. The 11 of the newcomers is feared. The present members of the group feel that there will be more competitors for the food or the attention of the adults. Finally, another common source of fighting among children is a frustration or failure in their own 12 . A child will be stopped either by 13 causes such as bad weather or illness from doing something he wishes to do, for example, sail his boat or ride the bicycle. Sometimes the activity may be 14 because of the opposition of some adult. The child may also frustrate itself by 15 , through lack of skill or strength, to complete successfully some desired activity. Such a child will then in the ordinary sense become “naughty”. He will be in a bad or unfriendly temper. 1．A．fulfillment B．excitement C．isolation D．aggressiveness 2．A．usage B．possession C．value D．collection 3．A．turn to B．drive away C．come over D．make into 4．A．moderate B．subtle C．complete D．temporary 5．A．conflict B．negotiation C．agreement D．donation 6．A．reluctantly B．violently C．unwillingly D．peacefully 7．A．ignore B．accept C．prove D．hate 8．A．similar B．modest C．strong D．reliable 9．A．observed B．protected C．joined D．spoiled 10．A．offensive B．considerate C．generous D．welcome 11．A．strength B．attitude C．competition D．emotion 12．A．knowledge B．activity C．study D．personality 13．A．natural B．physical C．financial D．academic 14．A．enhanced B．operated C．extended D．prevented 15．A．learning B．failing C．imitating D．refusing Passage 3 Most people have seen animals solve problems in one context or another Whether it’s a dog getting food out of a puzzle toy, a squirrel (松鼠) breaking into a “squirrel-proof, bird feeder, or — in what is hopefully a rarer experience — a bear opening a door to get to the food inside! Do all individuals within a species come up with 1 solutions to problems? Or are some individuals more innovative than others? In ungulates (for example, goats and horses), social outsiders are more likely to innovate than their 2 groupmates: if an individual spends time on the outer areas of their group, they are more likely to succeed at a problem-solving task. 3 , in some species of primates (灵长类动物) and birds, it has been shown that individuals with low social standing — that is, those who regularly lose fights, and who don’t have 4 of access to valuable resources — tend to innovate more. The above examples tie into the theory that the individuals who are least able to gain access to good quality 5 , such as food and shelter, are the most likely to innovate. This “bad competitor” theory suggests that individuals innovate because they must do so to 6 . Imagine you’re a goat who can’t get access to the feeding container because you’re not in the in-group. You’d probably be more 7 to figure out how to open a container with food inside than your more popular (and well-fed) groupmates. However, while there is support for this theory in some species, many species show opposing patterns. 8 , being a “bad competitor” doesn’t seem to be a general driver of innovation across species. 9 appears to have a more general influence on animal innovativeness. A meta-analysis (综合分析) across 37 studies of animal innovation found that being brave (that is, approaching 10 objects and exploring new environments) was linked to innovative behavior. For example, brave Carib grackles (a species of bird) and ungulates are more likely to innovate than their more easily frightened groupmates. 11 has also been linked to innovation in a variety of species, from zebra finches (斑胸草雀) to Asian elephants. Both make instinctive sense. The more likely an individual is to 12 with a new problem (that is, the braver they are, and the more time they spend trying to solve a problem (that is, the more persistent they are), the more likely they are to find a(n) 13 . Regardless of the reason individuals innovate, once an individual finds a solution to a problem, 14 a problem involving resource access, their behavior can spread like wildfire. Other individuals pay attention when a groupmate innovates, and 15 the problem-solving behavior. 1．A．instant B．comprehensive C．fair D．creative 2．A．friendly B．popular C．close D．faithful 3．A．Similarly B．Inevitably C．Apparently D．Gradually 4．A．purpose B．priority C．pressure D．potential 5．A．services B．materials C．goods D．resources 6．A．pretend B．compete C．survive D．evolve 7．A．reluctant B．excited C．motivated D．confused 8．A．Thus B．Besides C．Still D．Meanwhile 9．A．Emotion B．Gender C．Appearance D．Personality 10．A．living B．novel C．endangered D．ideal 11．A．Persistence B．Intelligence C．Performance D．Confidence 12．A．conflict B．compare C．interact D．identify 13．A．position B．object C．solution D．chance 14．A．absolutely B．fortunately C．definitely D．particularly 15．A．copy B．change C．influence D．evaluate 话题4 文学艺术 Passage 1 Once upon a time there lived in Germany two brothers who loved a good story — one with magic and danger, royalty and villains (恶棍). At school they met a wise man who led them to a treasure — a library of old books with tales more fascinating than any they had ever heard. 1 , the brothers began collecting their own stories, listening to the folktales people told them. Soon they 2 their own treasure — a book of fairy tales that would charm millions in faraway lands for generations to come. The brothers Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm, named their story collection Children’s and Household Tales and published it in Germany in 1812. The collection which has been translated into more than 160 languages up to now is a publishing 3 . The stories and their characters have appeared in theatre, opera, comic books, movies, paintings, rock music, advertising and even fashion. Such 4 would have shocked the modest Grimms. During their lifetimes the book sold few copies in Germany. The early editions were not even 5 children. They had no illustrations, and scholarly footnotes took up almost as much space as the tales themselves. Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm viewed themselves as 6 students of folklore. They began their work at a time when Germany had been occupied by the French under Napoleon. As young scholars, the brothers Grimm began to work on the fairy tale collection in order to save the endangered oral storytelling tradition of Germany. Long before the Grimms’ time, 7 developed in inns, barns, and peasant homes. During winter nights, as they sat spinning wood, women kept each other company and entertained each other with tales of adventure, romance and magic. 8 , 40 such storytellers delivered tales to the Grimms, many of them coming to their house in Kassel. Although the brothers implied that they were just 9 the tales, Wilhelm polished and reshaped the stories up to the final edition of 1857. In an effort to make them more 10 to children and their parents, he stressed the moral of each tale and emphasized gender roles. According to the Grimms, the collection served as “a manual of 11 .” To this day, parents read them to their children because they approve of the lessons in the stories: keep your promises, don’t talk to strangers, work hard, obey your parents. So what 12 their popularity? Some have suggested that it is because the characters are always striving for happiness. But the truth probably lies in their 13 . The Grimms’ tales were born out of a storytelling tradition without 14 of age or culture. The brothers’ skill was to translate these into a universal style of writing that seems to mirror whatever moods or interests we bring to our 15 of them. And so it was that the Grimms’ fairy tales lived happily ever after. 1．A．Inspired B．Disappointed C．Discouraged D．Relieved 2．A．estimated B．produced C．sacrificed D．stocked 3．A．medium B．partnership C．finding D．wonder 4．A．quality B．wealth C．fame D．benefit 5．A．marked as B．robbed of C．aimed at D．prevented from 6．A．intelligent B．hardworking C．peculiar D．patriotic 7．A．collection B．storytelling C．entertainment D．meeting 8．A．Besides B．Altogether C．However D．Similarly 9．A．creating B．developing C．reviewing D．recording 10．A．accustomed B．acceptable C．cruel D．compared 11．A．manners B．parentship C．publishing D．adaptation 12．A．results from B．depends on C．accounts for D．responds to 13．A．appeal B．flexibility C．availability D．origin 14．A．boundaries B．influences C．indications D．distributions 15．A．writing B．sharing C．reading D．beginning Passage 2 It’s long been thought that the earlier you learn new skills, the easier they are to ____1____. That’s part of the reason why early childhood was once considered the best time to be ____2____ to a second language. But whether that holds true has been heavily debated in the scientific community. Unfortunately, the idea has helped increase doubt in older individuals’ ability to quickly adapt to new languages, preventing the ____3____ of many potential polyglots (通晓多种语言者). As a constantly ____4____ and complex organ, the human brain retains significant potential for higher learning after puberty. Adults and children simply absorb and learn things differently. “Research shows that adults are better learners in many areas because we have a lot of ____5____ and we’re very attentive when we want to learn something,” says Lourdes Ortega, a professor of linguistics at Georgetown University. “For most, it can take years to reach ____6____ in a foreign language.” According to The Foreign Service Institute (FSI), factors such as a person’s natural ability, their previous linguistic experience, and the consistency of their lessons ____7____ the language learning process. The FSI also reports that languages more ____8____ to their own, like Spanish or French, can be learned relatively quickly — often in about 24-30 weeks. ____9____ languages with significant cultural differences from English, such as Greek or Russian, generally require about 44 weeks. These estimates reflect a strict study model, involving several dedicated hours of practice spread across multiple days per week. It is ____10____ to expect any individual to follow such a demanding schedule alone. “No one can learn, as an adult, a new language unless they love it and unless they make it part of their life,” says Ortega. “In theory, it’s a great thing, but you need to have reasons for it and the time to invest in it.” At the same time, while adults benefit from motivation and ____11____ efforts, children approach learning differently, and both age groups have unique strengths and weaknesses when it comes to ____12____ new connections. Children tend to learn new languages more ____13____, may have more opportunities to play and experiment with new languages, and may be forced to adapt without the aid of translation apps or other resources. Adults, meanwhile, can employ customized ____14____ to improve their language learning experience. ____15____, they create their own memorization systems or visualization techniques. Still, scientists are discovering that cognitive processes across different ages are far more complex than previously thought, suggesting that learning potential remains significant well beyond early childhood. 1. A. set off B. hold out C. pick up D. make for 2. A. accustomed B. exposed C. instructed D. imposed 3. A. emergence B. supervision C. guidance D. absence 4. A. restoring B. evolving C. adopting D. inferring 5. A. self-doubt B. self-esteem C. self-criticism D. self-regulation 6. A. mastery B. agreement C. coverage D. dimension 7. A. hint B. integrate C. affect D. speed 8. A. unique B. similar C. respective D. resistant 9. A. In essence B. By contrast C. In addition D. To some extent 10. A. invaluable B. conventional C. unrealistic D. distinctive 11. A. deliberate B. random C. joint D. ideal 12. A. masking B. grasping C. narrowing D. reforming 13. A. instinctively B. consciously C. mutually D. duly 14. A. formats B. gestures C. attainments D. strategies 15. A. As a whole B. For instance C. In conclusion D. By the way Passage 3 The Book of the Millennium When I was a graduate student in Oxford many years ago, I shared a house with a brilliant German sinologist (汉学家). Many visitors would pop into our house, and one night around the kitchen table I met a(n) 1 character. His name was David Hawkes. A(n) 2 linguist, he directed Japanese codebreakers in his early twenties, during World War II. Later, as a teacher, he did wonderful translation of Songs of the South (楚辞), part of a poetic tradition earlier than anything that has 3 in the West. Then he became a professor of Chinese at Oxford, but, as he put it, “I resigned in order to 4 my time to translating a Chinese novel…Well, the Chinese novel.” The book was Dream of the Red Chamber, written by Cao Xueqin. British 5 Anthony West wrote in The New Yorkerin 1958 that the novel is to Chinese literature “very much what The Brothers Karamazov is to Russian and Remembrance of Things Past is to French literature” and that “it is 6 one of the great novels of all literature.” Hawkes eventually completed his great endeavor, with the help of his son-in-law John Minford, who 7 the last two volumes of the five, which were published by Penguin between 1973 and 1986. Hawkes’ translation was 8 as an introduction to a “masterpiece”. Dream of the Red Chamber was written in the 1750s “by a great artist with his very lifeblood,” said Hawkes. It is full of 9 detail of the social, cultural and spiritual life of the time. Studying it for non-Chinese readers has never perhaps been more useful. At a time when 10 of Chinese culture and identity is increasingly necessary because of the country’s new international role, getting insights into the heart of Chinese culture through a novel 11 recognized as one of the most influential produced in the Chinese language would seem as uncontroversial statement. Cao’s work while seen as essentially local and Chinese, is about 12 and the nature of human experience. That transcends the 13 of a particular language and context in which the novel is set. The book as it stands in the Penguin version runs to 2500 pages — twice as long as War and Peace. 14 at first because of the large number of characters and their difficult names (to a non-Chinese reader). But once you are into it, it is a book into which the reader can completely 15 themselves; it is like anything else in all of literature. 1．A．arrogant B．fascinating C．humorous D．responsible 2．A．decisive B．frustrated C．generous D．talented 3．A．copied B．launched C．revised D．survived 4．A．addict B．devote C．expose D．reduce 5．A．critic B．critical C．criticism D．criticize 6．A．beyond question B．in doubt C．in question D．out of the question 7．A．gathered B．bought C．sold D．translated 8．A．approved B．appointed C．elected D．greeted 9．A．boring B．fake C．imaginary D．incredible 10．A．appreciation B．definition C．determination D．opposition 11．A．barely B．critically C．specially D．universally 12．A．humanity B．modernity C．personality D．sincerity 13．A．boundaries B．circles C．perspectives D．spaces 14．A．Never-ending B．Hard-going C．Labor-saving D．Record-breaking 15．A．change B．immerse C．persuade D．reduce 话题5 个人成长 Passage 1 My mom was a nurse and often took me along to visit the families she was caring for. Among them was a woman who had a(n) ____1____ disease and was always lying on the bed. One afternoon, my mom told me that we needed to ____2____ the woman at her home to ____3____ treatment, and we would stop at a store on the way. I thought we would stop at a ____4____ store, but we pulled up to a ____5____. My mom headed to the make-up counter and bought the most expensive bottle of ____6____ they offered. She also bought a ____7____ nightdress. When I asked my mom who these things were for, she said they were for her patient. My mom further explained that although this woman was older and unable to ____8____ her bed, she was still a lady, and she ____9____ dignity and beauty. She explained to me that when we care for someone, we ____10____ the disability or the illness and we look into the ____11____ of the human so we can connect with them with sympathy. I ____12____ realized that my mom’s great strengths were caring for the very young and the very old, those who cannot ____13____ themselves and need trustworthy care providers. I knew in 9th grade I would become a ____14____. Today, I work as a clinical psychologist, and I’m not ____15____ that I find my practice filled with patients who are very young and very old. 1. A. common B. serious C. rare D. active 2. A. study B. search C. persuade D. visit 3. A. help with B. respond to C. require D. get 4. A. fruit B. clothing C. drug D. specialty 5. A. garage B. restaurant C. factory D. supermarket 6. A. wine B. perfume C. juice D. milk 7. A. comfortable B. strange C. useful D. beautiful 8. A. approach B. make C. leave D. touch 9. A. managed B. deserved C. challenged D. requested 10. A. look for B. look at C. look up D. look past 11. A. courage B. future C. soul D. development 12. A. even B. soon C. never D. again 13. A. prepare for B. leave behind C. look after D. give up 14. A. writer B. doctor C. chemist D. patient 15. A. surprised B. pleased C. positive D. silent Passage 2 Dashing through a Boston grocery store, I hurried to pick up flowers for a crucial date — one I couldn’t afford to be late for. At the checkout, a（an）____1____ woman ahead of me unloaded her groceries unhurriedly.____2____ my rising impatience, I offered a warm smile, unaware this brief ____3____ would shape my future. “You must be buying these for someone____4____,” she remarked, ____5____ the flowers in my hands. I ____6____ my nerves, jokingly voicing self-doubt about why my date would choose me. She ____7____ me gently, sharing how her late husband had always brought her flowers weekly, even during ____8____ when money was tight. “Those small gestures were ____9____ — they made every day feel special,” she said, a flicker of sadness in her eyes. As she ____10____ her shopping bags, an unexpected ____11____ struck me: I should give her the flowers. “You’re right — these are for a very special lady,” I said,____12____ the flowers to her. Her face lit up with surprise, and she thanked me _____13_____, “You’ve made my day.” I arrived at my date slightly late, but my girlfriend was ____14____ by the story. Years later, when I finally worked up the courage to propose, she revealed this act of kindness had been influential in her decision. My simple gesture had not only ____15____ the old woman’s evening but also strengthened a bond that would last a lifetime. 1. A. young B. elderly C. familiar D. lonely 2. A. In terms of B. Regardless of C. In response to D. Instead of 3. A. encounter B. accident C. project D. highlight 4. A. desperate B. extraordinary C. common D. modest 5. A. anticipating B. stuffing C. wrapping D. eyeing 6. A. denied B. hid C. admitted D. ignored 7. A. justified B. criticized C. comforted D. avoided 8. A. times B. terms C. efforts D. exhibitions 9. A. subjective B. permanent C. minor D. fundamental 10. A. gathered B. opened C. purchased D. packed 11. A. trick B. idea C. idiom D. dream 12. A. pushing B. throwing C. handing D. sending 13. A. coldly B. casually C. politely D. sincerely 14. A. astonished B. confused C. impressed D. annoyed 15. A. consumed B. boosted C. brightened D. depressed Passage 3 It was a jam-packed day for young Justin. While his hot dog stand in his hometown did well on a daily basis, that day was ___1___. It was full of customers, and he was ___2___ to keep up. As Justin served a man with three hot dogs with extra sauces and got ___3___ with the next one, he noticed an old woman pushing her way through the ___4___ to get to his counter. “Excuse me, son. How much would a hot dog be?” she asked, looking at him. “That___5___ what you want, ma’am. They range from $3 to $7. Checkout the menu and let me know what you want,” he replied. Before walking away, she mumbled(嘟哝)looking at the ___6___. “It’s alright. I am just curious how much they cost. I don’t want any.” Justin noticed she went away and sat alone on a bench across from his stand. She kept looking in his ___7___ When he realized she wanted hot dogs but couldn’t ___8___ them, he felt bad for her, so he quickly collected some hot dogs and brought them to her. “I must ___9___, ma’am. I was in such a(n)___10___ that I forgot to tell you that you’re our 50th customer of the day, so you. can get some ___11___ hot dogs!” he said. “I’m Justin. Please let me know how you like them!” The old lady said, “I really ___12___ them. Thank you. I’m Emily. You put something in them, didn’t you? They’re different from ___13___ hot dogs.” Then she took another bite. Justin grinned(露齿而笑)and said, “I love cooking, so I keep trying different things with my food. My mum was also a fantastic cook who ___14___ her own recipes for her secret sauces. I’m glad to hear that!” Then he hurried away. Justin smiled as he watched her ___15___ eat from a distance, feeling pleased to have helped the old woman. 1. A. familiar B. boring C. worrying D. different 2. A. continuing B. refusing C. struggling D. volunteering 3. A. strict B. busy C. careful D. impatient 4. A. crowd B. staff C. rain D. mud 5. A. cares about B. looks for C. reacts to D. depends on 6. A. customers B. tables C. prices D. sauces 7. A. performance B. direction C. situation D. technique 8. A. afford B. offer C. order D. manage 9. A. promise B. learn C. admit D. apologize 10. A. mood B. age C. rush D. emergency 11. A. nutritious B. free C. normal D. ready 12. A. appreciate B. expect C. accept D. donate 13. A. frozen B. instant C. special D. regular 14. A. saved B. guided C. created D. shared 15. A. joyfully B. awkwardly C. quietly D. rapidly 话题6 自然生态 Passage 1 Travel is not just about visiting new places, but also about understanding the world around us and reflecting on our own lives. In the UK, travel is an enriching life experience, because it is not simply a pursuit of 1 but also “character-building”. Most of the people I know here at university experience the desire to travel and escape the burden on us. But I don’t think, as UK students, we can blame our addiction to international travel simply on a(n) 2 life. Yes, I have a lot to handle and it’s a fine 3 act managing my part-time job, my degree and my social life to a perfect level. In a truly open world, we can get anywhere, see anything and experience every culture under the sun, at the click of a button, the purchase of a ticket. Many people I met while working in China were surprised at the number of countries I’d travelled to. Compared to friends and family, I consider myself vastly 4 . I’ve never set foot across the pond in the US and Canada, let alone South America and even within Europe my checklist of destinations is far from 5 . I was also met by 6 at how little travelling I had done within my own borders. This was something I had not really considered before. How much of my own country had I really seen and experienced? To those from a place as vast and varied as China, Britain was really so small in comparison, and so to have spent 20 years there and not seen every part of it was quite surprising. I had a(n) 7 with a Chinese colleague over the reasoning behind our use of golden Cotswold stone which sounds dull for most people. As a student of history, I found anything historical fascinating. 8 , it was not the stone within British cities I found interesting. What was curious was that it was something I had never even considered, and yet here was someone 9 something I had simply taken for granted. We continued our discussion, yet I was left embarrassed that I could not answer her question. In China, as well as a wealth of new culture that 10 me, I discovered that there were parts of the UK’s culture, history, the very structure of my identity that were so different, so unique from China that I also gained a newly found interest in my own 11 . In this respect, travelling enables you with two things. Firstly, you develop a fascination with new cultures, understanding customs, experiencing cuisines and 12 the sights and smells of every new city. For many companies, this 13 to new locations is seen as tremendous in your personal resume. But besides increased 14 , through international, cross-cultural conversations, you develop an interest in your own history, culture, and customs. You return to your home filled with an understanding of other people’s fascination with it and your own sense of love for its 15 . 1．A．leisure B．wealth C．company D．personality 2．A．economical B．stressful C．desired D．relaxing 3．A．balancing B．tempting C．judging D．travelling 4．A．under-transferred B．over-exchanged C．under-travelled D．over-placed 5．A．official B．relevant C．complete D．accurate 6．A．annoyance B．admiration C．surprise D．misunderstanding 7．A．quarrel B．conversation C．agreement D．conflict 8．A．Therefore B．Meanwhile C．Otherwise D．However 9．A．obsessed with B．interfered with C．entitled to D．convinced of 10．A．assured B．fascinated C．puzzled D．reminded 11．A．commodity B．catalogue C．character D．heritage 12．A．resisting B．absorbing C．adjusting D．referring 13．A．adaptability B．preference C．determination D．relation 14．A．salary B．spirit C．employability D．consideration 15．A．symbol B．prospect C．uniqueness D．product Passage 2 When the three women spotted an abandoned property used as a dumping ground in Providence, USA, they agreed this neglected and ___1___ parcel of land actually held promise. It was where their dream of a ___2___ farm came true. Holland and her cofounders, Doggett and Purviance, ___3___ the 2.7-acre property, cleaned up the pollution and then created an inner-city oasis (绿洲). Its name? What Cheer Flower Farm. Its mission? To ___4___ all the flowers they grow to people in need. “We offer products to people who deserve flowers but don’t have ___5___,” explains Purviance. “Flowers are not just for the select few who can afford them. They are a ___6___ symbol of hope. Receiving flowers energizes everyone.” Although the three got off to a ___7___ start in the first growing season—planting started in May rather than in Spring—they worked around the clock and ___8___ to donate roughly 10,000 flowers altogether in the end. “We want to ___9___ the state with flowers in the future, and we are very ___10___ to make it work,” said Doggett. Now the farm regularly brings ___11___ to people at local hospitals, senior centers and more. Holland ___12___ remembers the first bouquet (花束) she delivered to a home-bound elderly woman. “Her face just ___13___. It was as if a beacon (灯塔) of light was coming from the top of Federal Hill.” Another woman who was broke ___14___ them afterwards. “In the tough times of my life, even one flower could lift me up.” And that is the true ___15___ of a flower. 1. A. conserved B. developed C. polluted D. cultivated 2. A. dairy B. fruit C. vegetable D. flower 3. A. purchased B. advertised C. abandoned D. inherited 4. A. give in B. give up C. give away D. give off 5. A. time B. access C. interest D. passion 6. A. local B. regional C. provincial D. universal 7. A. early B. late C. fresh D. smooth 8. A. managed B. attempted C. happened D. hesitated 9. A. reward B. surround C. greet D. cover 10. A. surprised B. amazed C. terrified D. determined 11. A. trust B. joy C. pride D. honour 12. A. vividly B. faintly C. eventually D. hardly 13. A. hardened B. softened C. brightened D. reddened 14. A. thanked B. sought C. persuaded D. pursued 15. A. plot B. power C. mystery D. secret Passage 3 It is springtime, and the city feels especially glorious. If we were to reflect on what has brought us joy in our daily life, birds would probably be enjoying a top 1 on the happy list for many. Especially those we saw outside of our windows or, in New York City, on the street. Three species in particular 2 the sidewalks, tops of buildings, fire escapes, window ledge (窗沿), and air conditioners: house sparrows, pigeons and starlings (椋鸟). All of these species are invasive. When these species were first introduced, the scientific fields of ecology and conservation were almost 3 , and now we know that for pest (害虫) control, this was a terrible idea. I have been studying starlings in New York City since 2016. I do so formally in museums and labs but in between my research I watch them 4 on the street. I was initially fascinated by their adaptability to the 5 landscape, especially their 6 flexibility. They will eat a pile of yellow rice on Columbus Avenue, a soft pretzel on Central Park West, and a flattened apple pie in the parking lot of a Costco in Queens. The sounds they make are so 7 that you might not recognize that they are coming from the same species. If you listen closely, you can hear their up-and-down whistling, whirring, and even an early video game laser-like sound. You may not consider it 8 enough to be called a song, but it is a song nonetheless. When you stare at them, as I have many times, they never ever appear to look at you, but they obviously see you because they 9 incredibly rapidly to absolutely any movement or disturbance. They are off 10 , always faster than I can draw my phone out in order to grab a good picture. Sometimes, I wish that I did not know about what else they do across the country, and could just enjoy watching them in quiet 11 . And I wonder if you can know about their paths of 12 and still appreciate aspects of their behavior. At times this winter, nothing in the 13 environment even came close to remind me of life or the natural world. And then way up in that bit of sky, beside the water tower, I spotted five of them. I’d know their triangular wings, and their suspicious (有疑心的) and 14 behavior, anywhere. As they flew up and 15 , they inspired my hope for bluer skies and future springtime. 1．A．peak B．spot C．attraction D．idea 2．A．impact B．imitate C．dominate D．threaten 3．A．nonstop B．nonexistent C．nonviolent D．nonprofit 4．A．legally B．academically C．generously D．informally 5．A．urban B．natural C．regional D．scenic 6．A．dietary B．flying C．communicative D．behavior 7．A．strange B．similar C．varied D．powerful 8．A．popular B．loud C．clear D．beautiful 9．A．stick B．object C．respond D．apply 10．A．in a flash B．in a word C．in a sense D．in a hurry 11．A．mood B．ignorance C．laboratories D．neighborhoods 12．A．creation B．exploration C．destruction D．depression 13．A．conserved B．hidden C．built D．connected 14．A．quick B．elegant C．commonplace D．dramatic 15．A．out of reach B．out of curiosity C．out of mind D．out of sight 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $考前押题07 完形填空题 话题1 社会服务 话题4 文学艺术 话题2 运动健康 话题5 个人成长 话题3 研究发现 话题6 自然生态 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 话题1 社会服务 Passage 1 “It’s almost a moral duty that museums should be free,” said Glenn Lowry, director of the Museum of Modern Art (MOMA) in 2002, when a ticket to MOMA cost $12. In October MOMA started charging $30, the latest in a series of price 1 involving the Metropolitan Museum, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art and so on. Higher energy and labour costs have pushed up ticket prices in Europe, too. Prices have remained 2 only in Asia and the Middle East, where museums are younger and state funding is especially generous. Ticket fees may seem high, particularly in destination cities where tourists are 3 to be discouraged by spending a few more dollars. But whatever museums 4 , it is not covering their operating costs. The Association of Art Museum Directors reported in 2018 that ticket sales accounted on average for just 7% of total 5 at American art museums. Memberships contributed another 7%. The 6 of budgets usually come from charitable donations, grants and retail operations. European museums are less 7 admissions fees, because they are often heavily subsidized (补助) by governments. All national institutions in Britain offer free admission, as do most state-run museums in China while in America some 30% are free. Some observers have repeated Mr Lowry’s call for museum to stop charging for 8 entirely. 9 price s go against museums’goal of sharing art with a more diverse public. They could also speed up the already steep decline in the share of Americans attending museums and galleries. Declining public interest is a challenge for institutions that rely heavily on public support. Those who choose not to visit a museum today may be the people who 10 government subsidies or refuse to write personal cheques as sponsors in a few years. Those who spend time inside museums’galleries are more likely to grasp their richness and want to 11 their own riches in them. Yet significantly reducing costs may not actually do much to 12   new audiences either. If tickets were free, “people who typically come anyway might come more often. 13 that, you’re not really changing your demographic (观众结构), says an economist who studies pricing in the arts. He 14 museums to the best American university: Harvard could afford to make tuition free for all, but many wealthy students who do not need the gift would be among the biggest beneficiaries(受益者). As museums throughout the West debate what price is right, most are unlikely to conclude the answer is 15 , “moral duty” or not. 1．A．lists B．rises C．controls D．wars 2．A．ascending B．flexible C．awe-inspiring D．stable 3．A．unlikely B．supposed C．dissatisfied D．bound 4．A．promote B．submit C．charge D．exhibit 5．A．attendance B．donation C．operation D．revenue 6．A．motivation B．remainder C．generosity D．mixture 7．A．reliant on B．resistant to C．pessimistic about D．tolerant of 8．A．survival B．budgets C．collections D．admission 9．A．Floating B．Discounted C．Ballooning D．Competitive 10．A．contribute to B．vote against C．count on D．despair of 11．A．invest B．evaluate C．anchor D．assemble 12．A．discourage B．relieve C．attract D．entitle 13．A．With a view to B．Apart from C．Contrary to D．For fear of 14．A．credits B．attaches C．refers D．compares 15．A．zero B．both C．wrong D．above 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．D 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．C 10．A 11．A 12．C 13．B 14．D 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，探讨了博物馆是否应对公众免费开放的问题，以及门票价格对博物馆运营和观众多样性的影响。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在10月，现代艺术博物馆（MoMA）开始收取30美元的门票，这是包括大都会博物馆、旧金山现代艺术博物馆等一系列价格上涨中的最新一次。A. lists清单；B. rises上涨；C. controls控制；D. wars战争。根据上文“MOMA started charging $30”可知，这是价格的上涨，故选B项。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：只有在亚洲和中东，价格一直保持稳定，那里的博物馆较新，国家资助尤其慷慨。A. ascending上升的；B. flexible灵活的；C. awe-inspiring令人敬畏的；D. stable稳定的。根据下文“where museums are younger and state funding is especially generous”可知，这些地区的博物馆较新，国家资助尤其慷慨可推理出这些地区的博物馆的价格保持稳定，故选D项。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：门票费用可能看起来很高，尤其是在旅游目的地城市，游客不太可能因为多花几美元而却步。A. unlikely不太可能的；B. supposed假定的；C. dissatisfied不满意的；D. bound一定的。根据下文“by spending a few more dollars”可知，游客不太可能因为多花几美元就不去，故选A项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但无论博物馆收取多少费用，都无法覆盖其运营成本。A. promote促进；B. submit提交；C. charge收费；D. exhibit展览。根据下文“it is not covering their operating costs”可知，此处说的是博物馆的收费，故选C项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：2018年，艺术博物馆馆长协会报告称，门票销售平均仅占美国艺术博物馆总收入的7%。A. attendance出席；B. donation捐赠；C. operation操作；D. revenue收入。根据下文“ticket sales accounted on average for just 7%”可知，说的是门票在总收入中的占比，故选D项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：预算的剩余部分通常来自慈善捐赠、赠款和零售业务。A. motivation动机；B. remainder剩余部分；C. generosity慷慨；D. mixture混合。根据下文“usually come from charitable donations, grants and retail operations”可知，此处说的是其余部分的来源，故选B项。 7．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：欧洲博物馆不太依赖门票收入，因为它们通常得到政府的大量补贴。A. reliant on依赖；B. resistant to抵抗；C. pessimistic about对……悲观；D. tolerant of对……宽容。根据下文“because they are often heavily subsidized (补助) by governments”可知，欧洲博物馆不太依赖门票，故选A项。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些观察人士再次响应洛瑞先生的呼吁，要求博物馆完全停止收取入场费。A. survival生存；B. budgets预算；C. collections收藏；D. admission入场。根据上文“Mr Lowry’s call for museum to stop charging”可知，是停止收取博物馆的入场费，故选D项。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不断上涨的价格违背了博物馆与更多不同公众分享艺术的目标。A. Floating漂浮的；B. Discounted打折的；C. Ballooning膨胀的；D. Competitive有竞争力的。根据下文“prices go against museums’ goal of sharing art with a more diverse public”以及“They could also speed up the already steep decline in the share of Americans attending museums and galleries”可知，此处说的是价格的上涨，故选C项。 10．考查动词短语辨析。句意：那些今天选择不去博物馆的人，可能就是几年后捐献政府补贴或拒绝以赞助人身份开具私人支票的人。A. contribute to捐献；B. vote against投票反对；C. count on依靠；D. despair of绝望。根据下文“government subsidies”可知，此处说的是捐献政府补贴，故选A项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那些在博物馆画廊里花时间的人更有可能领会其丰富性，并希望在其中投资自己的财富。A. invest投资；B. evaluate评估；C. anchor使固定；D. assemble集合。根据下文“their own riches”可知，是投资财富，故选A项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，大幅降低成本实际上也可能无法吸引新的观众。A. discourage使气馁；B. relieve缓解；C. attract吸引；D. entitle使有资格。根据下文“new audiences”可知，是吸引新观众，故选C项。 13．考查介词短语辨析。句意：除此之外，你并没有真正改变你的观众结构，一位研究艺术定价的经济学家说。A. With a view to着眼于；B. Apart from除……之外；C. Contrary to与……相反；D. For fear of唯恐。根据下文“you’re not really changing your demographic (观众结构)”可知，此处说的是除了前面提到的情况之外，你并没有真正改变你的观众结构，故选B项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他将博物馆比作美国最好的大学：哈佛大学可以为所有人提供免费学费，但许多不需要这份礼物的富家子弟将是最大的受益者。A. credits归功于；B. attaches附加；C. refers参考；D. compares比较。根据下文“museums to the best American university”可知，是将两者进行比较，故选 D 项。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在西方各地的博物馆都在讨论合适的价格时，大多数博物馆不太可能得出答案是零的结论，不管是不是“道德责任”。A. zero零；B. both两者都；C. wrong错误的；D. above上述的。根据上文“It’s almost a moral duty that museums should be free”可知，此处说的是免费即价格为零的问题，故选A项。 Passage 2 Social media can be a convenient way to extend your network, staying in touch with your grandma or sharing photos of your new puppy. 1 , social media can be terrible for your health. It’s our 2 of it that’s out of control. British evolutionary psychologist Robin Dunbar developed the idea that 150 people is the maximum number of meaningful connections anyone can have. You may have 800 friends on Wechat, but you’re not 3 them in person. Your QQ connections may be vast, but how many of them do you have 4 interactions with? If you’re using social media to feel more connected, a recent study published in the American Journal of Health Promotion suggests that it’s not 5 , and it also brought about unfavorable connections and even depression. Positive interactions on social media don’t help people feel 6 . Negative interactions, on the other hand, bring more feelings of sadness. The same goes for 7 , which social media encourages. Another study, published by the American Psychological Association, shows that comparing yourself to others through social media also produces 8 effects, leading to symptoms of depression. Reaching for your cell phone as a mental break is also a (n) 9 idea. Research by Rutgers University compared participants in the process of completing a task who took a break with their cell phones, with paper and pencils, and who took no break at all. Those who used their cell phones during their break solved 22% fewer problems and took 19% longer to complete their tasks than those under the other two 10 . So how should you 11 your social media usage? First, know your time and 12 of use. Use the tracking function on your device to find out how much you’re using it and what you’re using it for. After this, get away from your device unless you have to use it. Tough as it might be, turn off and tune into the world around you. Then, be in charge of your 13 , rather than let it be in charge of you. Your phone’s rings or vibrations (震动) don’t mean you must respond to them. Remind yourself that you’re in charge, not your device or the people on the other end of it who’ve just contacted you. Finally, consider using your device as a (n) 14 builder. Use your apps to find your friends and make your dinner reservation so you can catch up face-to-face in your favorite restaurant, where you’ll keep your phone out of sight. When you’re in control of your 15 , social media becomes a tool to enrich your life but not a distraction that makes you feel miserable. 1．A．Moreover B．Therefore C．Nevertheless D．Likewise 2．A．use B．reform C．ignorance D．range 3．A．commenting on B．cooperating with C．competing with D．connecting with 4．A．virtual B．meaningful C．constant D．complex 5．A．automatic B．productive C．working D．appealing 6．A．more confident B．more satisfied C．calmer D．happier 7．A．comparison B．sharing C．connection D．variety 8．A．instructive B．restrictive C．negative D．active 9．A．widespread B．bad C．creative D．undervalued 10．A．conditions B．assumptions C．influences D．developments 11．A．reduce B．analyze C．manage D．track 12．A．strategies B．boundaries C．efficiency D．purposes 13．A．device B．schedule C．decision D．emotion 14．A．knowledge B．character C．relationship D．confidence 15．A．digital consumption B．personal interaction C．daily routine D．working habit 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．D 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．A 11．C 12．D 13．A 14．C 15．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了社交媒体导致的消极影响以及对如何管理设备提出了一些建议。 1．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，社交媒体可能对你的健康有害。A. Moreover此外；B. Therefore因此；C. Nevertheless然而；D. Likewise同样地。根据上文“Social media can be a convenient way to extend your network, staying in touch with your grandma or sharing photos of your new puppy.(社交媒体可以是一个方便的方式来扩展你的网络，与你的奶奶保持联系或分享你的新小狗的照片)”以及后文“social media can be terrible for your health.(社交媒体可能对你的健康有害)”可知，结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用nevertheless，故选C。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：是我们对它的使用失控了。A. use使用；B. reform改革；C. ignorance无知；D. range范围。根据上文“Social media can be a convenient way to extend your network, staying in touch with your grandma or sharing photos of your new puppy.(社交媒体可以是一个方便的方式来扩展你的网络，与你的奶奶保持联系或分享你的新小狗的照片)”以及后文“of it that’s out of control”此处指使用社交媒体失控。故选A。 3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：你可能在微信上有800个朋友，但你并没有亲自和他们联系。A. commenting on评论；B. cooperating with合作；C. competing with与……竞争；D. connecting with连接，联系。根据后文“interactions with”指亲自和微信上的朋友联系。故选D。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你的QQ好友可能很多，但其中有多少是你真正有意义的互动呢？A. virtual虚拟的；B. meaningful有意义的；C. constant持续不断的；D. complex复杂的。根据上文“Your QQ connections may be vast, but how many of them do you have”此处想强调，虽然好友很多，但是有意义的互动不多，故选B。 5．考查形容词和动词词义辨析。句意：如果你使用社交媒体是为了让自己联系更广，最近发表在《美国健康促进杂志》上的一项研究表明，这样做并不奏效，而且还会带来不利的联系，甚至抑郁。A. automatic自动的；B. productive多产的；C. working有工作的，奏效；D. appealing吸引人的。根据后文“and it also brought about unfavorable connections and even depression”可知，使用社交媒体让自己联系更广并不奏效。故选C。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：社交媒体上的积极互动并不能帮助人们感到更快乐。A. more confident更加自信的；B. more satisfied更满意的；C. calmer更平静的；D. happier更快乐的。根据后文“Negative interactions, on the other hand, bring more feelings of sadness.(另一方面，消极的互动会带来更多的悲伤感)”可知，社交媒体上的积极互动并不能帮助人们感到更快乐，happier与后文sadness相呼应。故选D。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：社交媒体所鼓励的攀比也是如此。A. comparison比较，攀比；B. sharing分享；C. connection连接，联系；D. variety多样性。根据后文“comparing yourself to others”指社交媒体上存在攀比情况。故选A。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：美国心理协会发表的另一项研究表明，通过社交媒体与他人比较也会产生负面影响，导致抑郁症状。A. instructive有启发性的；B. restrictive限制的；C. negative消极的；D. active活跃的。根据后文“leading to symptoms of depression”可知，通过社交媒体与他人比较也会产生负面影响，导致抑郁症状。故选C。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：拿起手机作为精神休息也是一个坏主意。A. widespread普遍的；B. bad坏的；C. creative创造性的；D. undervalued贬值的。根据后文“Those who used their cell phones during their break solved 22% fewer problems and took 19% longer to complete their tasks than those under the other two conditions.(在休息期间使用手机的人比在其他两种情况下使用手机的人解决的问题少22%，完成任务的时间长19%)”可知，休息期间使用手机的人解决问题更少，完成任务时间更长，说明拿起手机作为精神休息也是一个坏主意。故选B。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在休息期间使用手机的人比在其他两种情况下使用手机的人解决的问题少22%，完成任务的时间长19%。A. conditions条件；B. assumptions假设；C. influences影响；D. developments发展。根据上文“Research by Rutgers University compared participants in the process of completing a task who took a break with their cell phones, with paper and pencils, and who took no break at all.(罗格斯大学的一项研究将完成任务的参与者进行了比较，其中一组在完成任务的过程中休息一下，拿着手机、纸和铅笔，另一组根本不休息)”可知，此处指其他两种实验情况，故选A。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那么你应该如何管理你的社交媒体使用呢？A. reduce减少；B. analyze分析；C. manage管理；D. track跟踪。根据后文First、Then、Finally三点主要是对管理社交媒体的使用提出的建议，故选C。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：首先，了解你的时间和使用目的。A. strategies策略；B. boundaries边界；C. efficiency效率；D. purposes目的。根据后文“Use the tracking function on your device to find out how much you’re using it and what you’re using it for. After this, get away from your device unless you have to use it. Tough as it might be, turn off and tune into the world around you.(使用设备上的跟踪功能，找出你使用了多少，以及你使用它的目的。在此之后，远离你的设备，除非你必须使用它。这可能很难，关掉并融入你周围的世界)”可知，首先，了解你的时间和使用目的。故选D。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，控制你的设备，而不是让它控制你。A. device设备；B. schedule日程表；C. decision决定；D. emotion情感。根据后文“Your phone’s rings or vibrations don’t mean you must respond to them. Remind yourself that you’re in charge, not your device or the people on the other end of it who’ve just contacted you.(你的手机铃声或震动并不意味着你必须回应它们。提醒自己是你在掌控一切，而不是你的设备或刚刚与你联系的另一端的人)”此处建议控制自己的设备。故选A。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，考虑使用你的设备作为一个关系构建器。A. knowledge知识；B. character性格；C. relationship关系；D. confidence自信。根据后文“Use your apps to find your friends and make your dinner reservation so you can catch up face-to-face in your favorite restaurant, where you’ll keep your phone out of sight.(用你的应用程序找到你的朋友，预订晚餐，这样你们就可以在你们最喜欢的餐厅面对面聊天，在那里你可以把你的手机放在视线之外)”可知，建议把设备作为一个关系构建器。故选C。 15．考查名词短语辨析。句意：当你能控制自己的数字消耗时，社交媒体就会成为丰富你生活的工具，而不是让你感到痛苦的分心。A. digital consumption数字消耗；B. personal interaction个人互动；C. daily routine日常生活；D. working habit工作习惯。上文提出了三点管理电子设备的建议，目的是控制在数字媒体上消耗的时间和精力。故选A。 Passage 3 You don’t have to be alone to feel lonely— anyone who has experienced a fallout with friends or has to endure an awkward social gathering will 1 . A recent Wall Street Journal column teaches us how to 2 loneliness. “Loneliness is not just about whether there are others around you. It’s about whether the ones around you are those you can 3 ,” says John T. Cacioppo, director of the Center for Cognitive and Social Neuroscience at the University of Chicago. Cacioppo explains that men and women are equally as likely to experience loneliness, but the kinds of social interaction they may be 4 are different. Women generally 5 for face-to-face social interactions, whereas men are looking for a sense of connection and 6 within a group. Quoting therapists, The Wall Street Journal column points out that loneliness in its most unhealthy form is a distorted way of thinking. It often has an emotional 7 . Big changes in life, such as a breakup or a move to another city or country can be the cause of loneliness. But 8 things such as attending a wedding alone or quarreling with a sibling or a friend can also make us feel lonely. The column also gives advice on how to stop being alone from 9 into feeling lonely. You can start by 10 that you are the one who tells yourself that you feel lonely. You are creating the bad experience of loneliness by how you are thinking and behaving. You should acknowledge 11 thoughts and then try to think differently. How to achieve this? Change the mental story you 12 yourself. Remember that there are people who care about you, 13 they may just be busy at the moment. Try to enjoy the moments you have 14 . Do things you enjoy doing alone, like reading or listening to music. If you are single and live by yourself, you can 15 a gym or a volunteering group to be around other people. 1．A．agree B．bother C．protest D．perceive 2．A．put up with B．turn to C．call on D．fight back 3．A．tolerate B．trust C．predict D．inspire 4．A．excluding B．applying C．missing D．attaching 5．A．account B．make C．long D．constitute 6．A．belonging B．relaxation C．vision D．dominant 7．A．gesture B．response C．touch D．trigger 8．A．small B．vital C．ultimate D．panicky 9．A．sealing B．sliding C．surfing D．stuffing 10．A．anticipating B．recognizing C．informing D．identifying 11．A．positive B．passive C．active D．negative 12．A．read B．find C．tell D．learn 13．A．when B．but C．so D．or 14．A．by yourself B．to yourself C．on yourself D．of yourself 15．A．register B．join C．serve D．admit 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．D 8．A 9．B 10．B 11．D 12．C 13．B 14．A 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了孤独感的本质和应对方法，指出孤独并非取决于周围是否有人陪伴，而是与周围人是否能建立情感联系有关。文章还提供了应对孤独感的建议，如改变思维方式、享受独处时光、参与社交活动等。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：并不是一定要一个人才能感到孤独——任何经历过与朋友争吵或不得不忍受尴尬社交聚会的人都会同意这一观点。A. agree同意；B. bother烦扰；C. protest抗议；D. perceive认为。前文“You don’t have to be alone to feel lonely”提出观点：并不是一定要一个人才能感到孤独，即与其它人在一起时也会有孤独感。下文“experienced a fallout with friends or has to endure an awkward social gathering”紧接着列举了两种与他们一起也会感到孤独的情况：经历过与朋友争吵或不得不忍受尴尬社交聚会。经历过这两种情况的人都会赞同前文观点。故选A项。 2．考查动词短语辨析。句意：最近，《华尔街日报》的一篇专栏文章教会了我们如何对抗孤独。A. put up with忍受；B. turn to转向；C. call on号召；D. fight back对抗。根据下文“The column also gives advice on how to stop being alone from 9 into feeling lonely.”和“Try to enjoy the moments you have 14 . Do things you enjoy doing alone, like reading or listening to music.”可知，《华尔街日报》的专栏文章是教我们如何孤独孤独。故选D项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：孤独不仅仅取决于你周围是否有人。更重要的是，你周围的人是否是你能信任的人。A. tolerate容忍；B. trust信任；C. predict预测；D. inspire激励。根据第四段中“Big changes in life, such as a breakup or a move to another city or country can be the cause of loneliness. But 8 things such as attending a wedding alone or quarreling with a sibling or a friend can also make us feel lonely.”可知，分手、搬到另一个城市或国家、独自参加婚礼、与兄弟姐妹或朋友争吵都可能导致孤独，而这些行为的一个共同点是人际关系疏远，身边没有可以信任的人，孤独取决于周围是否有能信任的人。故选B项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Cacioppo解释说，男性和女性经历孤独的可能性是相同的，但他们可能应用的社交互动方式是不同的。A. excluding排除；B. applying运用，应用；C. missing缺失；D. attaching附上。根据下文“Women generally 6 for face-to-face social interactions, whereas men are looking for a sense of connection”，男性和女性使用不同的社交互动方式，女性喜欢面对面的互动，而男性则寻求一种联系。故选B项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：女性通常渴望面对面的社交互动，而男性则寻求一种群体内的联系感和归属感。A. account认为是；B. make制作；C. long渴望；D. constitute构成。根据上文“different”和下文“whereas men are looking for”可知，男性和女性使用不同的社交互动方式，女性渴望(long for)面对面的互动，与男性寻求(look for)一种联系相对应。故选C项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：女性通常渴望面对面的社交互动，而男性则寻求一种群体内的联系感和归属感。A. belonging归属感；B. relaxation放松；C. vision视野；D. dominant统治。根据上文“a sense of connection”和下文“within a group”可推知，男性则寻求的是一种联系和群体内的归属感。故选A项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它通常有一个情感的触发点。A. gesture手势；B. response回应；C. touch触摸；D. trigger触发点。根据下文“Big changes in life, such as a breakup or a move to another city or country can be the cause of loneliness.”可知，生活中的重大变化，比如分手或搬到另一个城市或国家，都可能导致孤独，它们是导致孤独的情感的触发点。故选D项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但小事，比如一个人参加婚礼，或者和兄弟姐妹或朋友吵架，也会让我们感到孤独。A. small小的；B. vital至关重要的；C. ultimate最终的；D. panicky恐慌的。与前文“Big changes in life”相照应，“things such as attending a wedding alone or quarreling with a sibling or a friend”相对来说是小事。故选A项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该专栏文章还就如何阻止从独处不知不觉地陷入孤独给出了建议。A. sealing密封；B. sliding不知不觉地陷入；C. surfing冲浪；D. stuffing填塞。从“being alone”到“feeling lonely”是一种情绪上的变化，从独处不知不觉地陷入孤独。故选B项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你可以从承认是你告诉自己你感到孤独开始。A. anticipating预期；B. recognizing承认；C. informing通知；D. identifying识别。根据下文“you are the one who tells yourself that you feel lonely”可知，是我们自己说自己很孤独，我们要先承认这一事实。故选B项。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你应该承认这些消极的想法，然后试着换一种思考方式。A. positive积极的；B. passive被动的；C. active积极的；D. negative消极的。根据上文“You are creating the bad experience of loneliness by how you are thinking and behaving.”和下文“then try to think differently”可知，我们要承认这自己给强加自己的消极想法，我们需要换一种思考方式。故选D项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：改变你告诉自己的内心故事。A. read阅读；B. find发现；C. tell告诉；D. learn学习。根据上文“You can start by 10 that you are the one who tells yourself that you feel lonely. You are creating the bad experience of loneliness by how you are thinking and behaving.”可知，感到孤独是我们自己对自己的暗示，现在需要换一种思考方式，改变我们自己告诉自己的内心故事。故选C项。 13．考查连词词义辨析。句意：记住，有人关心你，只是他们现在可能很忙。A. when当……时候；B. but但是；C. so因此；D. or或者。根据上文“there are people who care about you”和下文“they may just be busy at the moment.”可知，有人关心我们，但他们现在可能很忙，前后句构成转折关系。故选B项。 14．考查介词短语辨析。句意：试着享受你独处的时光。A. by yourself独自地；B. to yourself自言自语地；C. on yourself依靠你自己；D. of yourself你自己的。根据下文“Do things you enjoy doing alone, like reading or listening to music.”可知，建议享受独处的时光。故选A项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你单身且独居，你可以加入健身房或志愿者团体，和其他人在一起。A. register注册；B. join加入；C. serve服务；D. admit承认。根据下文“a gym”和“to be around other people”可知，加入健身房就可以和其他人在一起。故选B项。 话题2 运动健康 Passage 1 You May Need a Few Minutes of Brisk Activity Walking from room to room, running up and down stairs to deliver folded laundry, or taking a jog around the block... Which ones would best help or hurt your brain? A recent study attempted to a answer that question by strapping( 绑上) activity monitors to the thighs of nearly 4,500 people in the United Kingdom and 1 their 24-hour movements for seven days. Researchers then examined how participants’ behavior affected their short-term memory, problem-solving and processing skills. Here’s the good news. People who spent “even small amounts of time in more vigorous activities—as little as six to nine minutes—compared to sitting, sleeping or gentle activities had 2 cognition scores,” said study author John Mitchell. Moderate physical activity is 3 defined as brisk walking or bicycling or running up and down stairs. Vigorous movement 4 dancing, jogging, running, swimming to biking up a hill—basically any activity that is able to 5 your heart rate and breathing. The study found that doing just under 10 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) each day led to 6 in study participants’ working memory. In addition, 10 minutes of MVPA had its biggest impact on executive processes such as 7 and organization. The cognitive improvement was 8 , but the research found that the benefits grew the more time a person spent 9 in the activity of an energetic workout, Mitchell said. “Now that we don’t monitor participants’ cognition over the course of many years, the results of this study may simply be telling us that those individuals who move more tend to have higher cognition on average,” he said. “While on the other hand, the results do also imply that even making 10 changes to our daily lives can have 11 consequences for our cognition.” There was bad news as well. Spending more time sleeping, sitting or engaged only in mild movement was linked to a negative impact on the brain. The study found cognition declined 1% to 2% after replacing an 12 portion of MVPA with eight minutes of sedentary (久坐的) behavior, six minutes of light intensity or seven minutes of sleep. Additional studies need to be done to 13 these findings and to better understand the role that each type of activity plays 14 our cognitive abilities. However, Mitchell said, the study “highlights how even very modest differences in people’s daily movements— less than 10 minutes— can be linked to the 15 of quite real changes to our cognitive health.” 1．A．modifying B．tricking C．clarifying D．tracking 2．A．lower B．higher C．smaller D．bigger 3．A．typically B．previously C．barely D．absolutely 4．A．ranges from B．arises from C．keeps from D．stems from 5．A．calm B．push C．boost D．slow 6．A．improvements B．adjustments C．requirements D．statements 7．A．arguing B．meditating C．planning D．compromising 8．A．imposing B．modest C．accessible D．reliable 9．A．phasing B．indulging C．meditating D．engaging 10．A．maximum B．lasting C．temporary D．minimal 11．A．leading B．positive C．quantifiable D．downstream 12．A．acute B．equivalent C．observable D．unimportant 13．A．reject B．propose C．advocate D．confirm 14．A．in addition to B．with respect to C．prior to D．specific to 15．A．occurrence B．performance C．disappearance D．convenience 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．A 5．C 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．D 10．D 11．D 12．B 13．D 14．D 15．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了剧烈活动对人的大脑的影响。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近的一项研究试图回答这个问题，他们在英国近4500人的大腿上绑上活动监测器，连续7天跟踪他们24小时的活动。A. modifying修改；B. tricking欺骗；C. clarifying澄清；D. tracking跟踪。根据前文的“strapping( 绑上) activity monitors to the thighs of nearly 4,500 people”可知，绑上活动监测器的目的就是对他们的活动进行跟踪。故选D项。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该研究的作者约翰·米切尔说:“与坐着、睡觉或温和的活动相比，那些花很少时间(只有六到九分钟)进行剧烈活动的人的认知得分更高。”A. lower较低；B. higher较高；C. smaller较小；D. bigger较大。根据后文的“the results of this study may simply be telling us that those individuals who move more tend to have higher cognition on average”可知，这项研究的结果可能只是告诉我们，那些行动更多的人平均来说往往有更高的认知能力，故进行剧烈活动的人的认知得分更高。故选B项。 3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：适度的体育活动通常被定义为快走、骑自行车或上下楼梯。A. typically通常；B. previously以前；C. barely勉强；D. absolutely绝对。根据后文的“brisk walking or bicycling or running up and down stairs”可知，快走、骑自行车或上下楼梯是我们通常认为的适度的体育活动。故选A项。 4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：剧烈的运动包括跳舞、慢跑、跑步、游泳和骑车上山——基本上任何能提高你的心率和呼吸的活动都可以。A. ranges from从……变化到……；B. arises from起源于；C. keeps from阻止；D. stems from源于。根据后文的“dancing, jogging, running, swimming to biking up a hill”可知，该句中涉及固定短语range from...to...，意为“范围从……到……；包括”。跳舞、慢跑、跑步、游泳和骑车上山这些活动都是剧烈的运动的范围。故选A项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：剧烈的运动包括跳舞、慢跑、跑步、游泳和骑车上山——基本上任何能提高你的心率和呼吸的活动都可以。A. calm使镇静；B. push推动；C. boost促进，使增长；D. slow减缓。根据前文的“Vigorous movement”和后文的“your heart rate and breathing”可知，根据常识剧烈的运动对心率和呼吸都有提高、促进作用。故选C项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究发现，每天进行不到10分钟的中度到剧烈的体育活动(MVPA)可以改善研究参与者的工作记忆。A. improvements改进；B. adjustments调整；C. requirements要求；D. statements声明。根据后文的“the results of this study may simply be telling us that those individuals who move more tend to have higher cognition on average”可知，这项研究的结果可能只是告诉我们，那些行动更多的人平均来说往往有更高的认知能力，故剧烈的体育活动可以改善人们的工作记忆。故选A项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，10分钟的MVPA对计划和组织等执行过程的影响最大。A. arguing争论；B. meditating沉思；C. planning计划；D. compromising妥协。根据前文的“10 minutes of MVPA had its biggest impact on executive processes”可知，10分钟的MVPA对执行过程的影响最大，计划属于执行过程。故选C项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：米切尔说，认知能力的提高并不太大，但研究发现，一个人从事高强度锻炼的时间越长，这种好处就越明显。A. imposing壮观的；B. modest些许的，不太大；C. accessible可使用的；D. reliable可靠的。根据后文的“but the research found that the benefits grew the more time a person spent 9 in the activity of an energetic workout”可知，研究发现，一个人花在精力充沛的锻炼活动上的时间越多，好处就越大。but为转折连词，故but前边表示的是“认知能力的提高并不明显”。故选B项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：米切尔说，认知能力的提高并不太大，但研究发现，一个人从事高强度锻炼的时间越长，这种好处就越明显。A. phasing分阶段进行，逐步做；B. indulging放纵，沉迷；C. meditating沉思，考虑；D. engaging从事。根据后文的“in the activity of an energetic workout”可知，本句用固定短语engage in意为“参与，参加，从事于”，spend time doing sth为固定表达，故用engaging。研究发现，一个人花在精力充沛的锻炼活动上的时间越多。故选D项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“另一方面，研究结果也表明，即使对我们的日常生活做出最小的改变，也会对我们的认知产生积极的影响。”A. maximum最大；B. lasting持续；C. temporary暂时；D. minimal最小。根据前文的“People who spent “even small amounts of time in more vigorous activities—as little as six to nine minutes—compared to sitting, sleeping or. gentle activities had 2 cognition scores”可知，六到九分钟的剧烈活动也会对人的认知有影响，故即使对我们的日常生活做出最小的改变也是很有好处的。故选D项。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“另一方面，研究结果也表明，即使对我们的日常生活做出最小的改变，也会随之产生对我们的认知影响。”A. leading领先的；B. positive积极的；C. quantifiable可以定量的，能量化的；D. downstream引发的，随之产生的。根据前文的“People who spent “even small amounts of time in more vigorous activities—as little as six to nine minutes—compared to sitting, sleeping or. gentle activities had 2 cognition scores”可知，六到九分钟的剧烈活动也会对人的认知有影响，故即使对我们的日常生活做出最小的改变，也会随之产生对我们的认知影响。故选D项。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究发现，用8分钟的久坐行为、6分钟的低强度运动或7分钟的睡眠取代等量的MVPA后，认知能力下降了1%至2%。A. acute严重的；B. equivalent相同的；C. observable能看得到的；D. unimportant不重要的。根据后文的“eight minutes of sedentary (久坐的) behavior, six minutes of light intensity or seven minutes of sleep”可知，研究对于时间的掌控很精确，故做研究时也要进行等量替换才可以得出精确地结论。故选B项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：需要做更多的研究来证实这些发现，并更好地了解每种活动在我们的认知能力方面所起的作用。A. reject拒绝；B. propose提议；C. advocate主张；D. confirm确认，证实。根据前文的“Now that we don’t monitor participants’ cognition over the course of many years”和“Additional studies need to be done”可知，研究人员多年来没有监测参与者的认知，需要做更多的研究来证实这些发现。故选D项。 14．考查介词短语辨析。句意：需要做更多的研究来证实这些发现，并更好地了解每种活动针对我们的认知能力所起的作用。A. in addition to除了；B. with respect to关于；C. prior to之前，在前；D. specific to特定于，针对。根据前文的“the role that each type of activity plays”可知，不同类型的活动对认知能力所起的作用不一样，有针对性。故选D项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，米切尔说，这项研究“强调了即使是人们日常活动中非常微小的差异——不到10分钟——也会和我们的认知健康产生非常真实的变化有关。”A. occurrence发生；B. performance表现；C. disappearance消失；D. convenience方便。根据前文的“In addition, 10 minutes of MVPA had its biggest impact on executive processes such as 7 and organization.”和后文的“quite real changes to our cognitive health.”可知，哪怕少量的运动也会发生对认知健康的影响。故选A项。 Passage 2 Have you ever felt nervous or ashamed to take time off work to care for your mental health? Emily Carter, a writer based in New York, recently posed a similar question online, inspired by Mira Kelton, who unexpectedly ____1____ from Olympic events to protect her psychological well-being. “It was ____2____ to many people,” Carter noted in an interview, “because the prevailing (盛行的) mentality is to be strong and push through the pain.” The responses revealed a troubling pattern: due to ____3____ and professional concerns, numerous employees feel pressured to hide their need for mental health leave. This ____4____ hesitation points to a significant gap in workplace support systems that urgently needs to be addressed. While the term “sad day”— often used to refer to a mental health day — lacks an official definition, it generally means paid leave taken from sick days. It allows employees who aren’t feeling like themselves to ____5____, engage in meaningful activities, or simply take a break from daily stressors. To put it mildly, a “sad day” offers only a temporary ____6____ and is not a fix for deeper issues. ____7____, sometimes a short break can make a substantial difference. Recognizing the need for such time off is not always straightforward. According to Elena Stribling, president of the advocacy group Mental Health America, the signs can be ____8____.These may include shifts in mood, slight drops in productivity or difficulty concentrating. Nevertheless, if left unaddressed, these early ____9____ can evolve into severe health issues. Once you’ve decided to take a mental health day, the next question is how to ____10____ your decision. Your relationship with your manager will largely determine how open you can be about your reasons. Stribling warned that anxiety or guilt can sometimes lead to ____11____. In most cases, experts advise simply stating that you need to take a sick day without going into detail. “Not everybody values mental health,” added Andrew Parker, a clinical psychologist at Riverside Medical Center in Belmont, Mass. “Unless you’ re close with your supervisor, it is a(n) ____12____ to present your specific needs.” Finally, how you use “sad days” matters. Reflect on what has led you to this point: Do your personal relationships need attention? Are you exhausted from your workload and in need of ____13____? It may be a mix of several factors. Whatever you do, don’t spend the day ____14____ work messages or feeling guilty. As Stribling emphasized, “Self-care is not a selfish act. People who are selfless to the point of ____15____ end up burning out.” 1. A. recovered B. withdrew C. benefited D. suffered 2. A. convincing B. shocking C. challenging D. inspiring 3. A. dishonesty B. disinterest C. disgrace D. disorder 4. A. collective B. sudden C. intentional D. brief 5. A. step back B. take off C. pass out D. break down 6. A. resolution B. exercise C. calling D. relief 7. A. Besides B. Otherwise C. However D. Thus 8. A. unclear B. external C. imaginary D. evident 9. A. conflicts B. habits C. warnings D. attempts 10. A. communicate B. advocate C. enrich D. delay 11. A. over-reacting B. over-working C. over-sharing D. over-estimating 12. A. duty B. risk C. honor D. priority 13. A. challenge B. praise C. disconnection D. promotion 14. A. deleting B. leaking C. treasuring D. checking 15. A. self-sacrifice B. self-awareness C. self-defense D. self-control 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. A 9. C 10. A 11. C 12. B 13. C 14. D 15. A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章探讨职场心理健康休假现象：米拉退赛引发关注，员工因顾虑隐瞒需求，“伤心假”有缓解作用，专家建议合理请假并专注自我关怀。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近，纽约作家艾米丽·卡特（Emily Carter）受米拉·凯尔顿（Mira Kelton）的启发，在网上提出了一个类似的问题，凯尔顿为了保护自己的心理健康，出人意料地退出了奥运会项目。A. recovered恢复；B. withdrew退出；C. benefited获益；D. suffered遭受。根据下文“…from Olympic events to protect her psychological well-being”可知，凯尔顿为了保护自己的心理健康，出人意料地退出了奥运会项目。故选B项。 【2题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“这让很多人感到震惊，”卡特在一次采访中指出，“因为普遍的心态是要坚强，要克服痛苦。”A. convincing有说服力的；B. shocking令人震惊的；C. challenging有挑战性的；D. inspiring鼓舞人心的。根据后文“because the prevailing mentality is to be strong and push through the pain.”可知，提到主流观念是“强忍痛苦”，因此她退出赛事的行为对很多人来说是令人震惊的。故选B项。 【3题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些回复揭示了一个令人不安的模式：由于不光彩和职业方面的考虑，许多员工迫于压力，隐瞒了他们对心理健康假的需求。A. dishonesty不诚实；B. disinterest不感兴趣；C. disgrace耻辱、不光彩；D. disorder混乱。根据下文“and professional concerns”可知，员工因担心丢脸和职业发展问题，不愿申请心理健康休假。disgrace 表示“耻辱、不光彩”，符合语境。故选C项。 【4题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种集体的犹豫表明，工作场所的支持系统存在重大差距，迫切需要解决。A. collective集体的；B. sudden突然的；C. intentional故意的；D. brief短暂的。根据前文“numerous employees feel pressured to hide their need for mental health leave”提到“众多员工都有这种压力”，因此这种犹豫是群体性的。故选A项。 【5题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这类假期能让状态不佳的员工放慢节奏、投身于有意义的活动，或是单纯从日常压力中抽离出来歇一歇。A. step back抽身退步、暂缓节奏；B. take off起飞，脱下；C. pass out晕倒；D. break down崩溃。根据上文“It allows employees who aren’t feeling like themselves…”可知，此处为这类假期能让状态不佳的员工从日常压力中抽离出来歇一歇。故选A项。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：委婉地说，“伤心假”只能暂时缓解心情，并不能解决更深层次的问题。A. resolution决议；B. exercise锻炼；C. calling使命感；D. relief缓解。根据下文“and is not a fix for deeper issues”可知，心理健康休假只能带来暂时的缓解，无法解决深层问题。故选D项。 【7题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，有时短暂的休息可以带来实质性的不同。A. Besides此外；B. Otherwise否则；C. However然而；D. Thus因此。根据前文“offers only a temporary relief”说“只是暂时缓解”，后文“sometimes a short break can make a substantial difference”说“短暂休息能有很大作用”，是转折关系。故选C项。 【8题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：根据美国心理健康倡导组织主席埃琳娜·斯特里布林的说法，这些迹象可能并不明显。A. unclear模糊的，不明显的；B. external外部的；C. imaginary想象的；D. evident明显的。根据前文“Recognizing the need for such time off is not always straightforward.”提到“识别这种休假需求并不容易”，说明相关迹象是不明显的。故选A项。 【9题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，如果不加以解决，这些早期预警可能演变成严重健康问题。A. conflicts冲突；B. habits习惯；C. warnings警示信号；D. attempts尝试；根据上文“These may include shifts in mood, slight drops in productivity or difficulty concentrating.”可知，情绪波动、效率下降等是心理健康问题的早期预警信号，若忽视会发展成严重疾病。故选C项。 【10题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦你决定请一天精神健康假，下一个问题就是如何传达你的决定。A. communicate 传达、告知；B. advocate倡导；C. enrich丰富；D. delay推迟。根据上文“Once you’ve decided to take a mental health day”可知，决定休心理健康假后，下一步是告知上司这个决定。故选A项。 【11题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：斯特里布林警告说，焦虑或内疚有时会导致过度分享。A. over-reacting反应过度；B. over-working过度工作；C. over-sharing过度分享；D. over-estimating高估。根据下文“experts advise simply stating that you need to take a sick day without going into detail”可知，焦虑或愧疚感可能会让人过度倾诉自己的心理问题，后文建议“不必详述原因”也印证了这一点。故选C项。 【12题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：除非你和上司关系密切，否则提出你的具体需求是有风险的。A. duty责任；B. risk风险；C. honor荣誉；D. priority优先事项。根据上文“Unless you’ re close with your supervisor”可知，如果和上司关系不亲密，详述自己的心理需求是一种风险。故选B项。 【13题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：你是否已经被工作弄得筋疲力尽，需要休息一下？A. challenge挑战；B. praise赞扬；C. disconnection脱离；D. promotion晋升。根据上文“Are you exhausted from your workload”可知，因工作量大而疲惫时，需要的是抽离工作、断开连接。故选C项。 【14题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论你做什么，都不要花时间查看工作信息或感到内疚。A. deleting删除；B. leaking泄露；C. treasuring珍视；D. checking查看。根据句意以及下文“work messages”可知，休心理健康假时，不要花时间查看工作消息。故选D项。 【15题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些无私到自我牺牲的人最终会精疲力竭。A. self-sacrifice自我牺牲；B. self-awareness自我意识；C. self-defense自我防卫；D. self-control自我控制。根据句意以及上文“People who are selfless to the point of”可知，那些无私到自我牺牲的人最终会精疲力竭。故选A项。 Passage 3 Mounting evidence from medical studies has indicated that people who think positively have a lower risk of dying of all causes compared with others their own age who have a more pessimistic view of life. Over the past decade, researchers have ____1____ practical ways to build and maintain a hopeful attitude toward the future. Feeling pleasure actively ____2____ positivity. Try focusing your attention on joyful moments as they happen, consciously appreciating each experience. While weddings or vacations naturally create delight, everyday pleasures often go ____3____ until they fade. By slowing down and truly engaging — whether sharing a meal or chatting with a friend—you add to your enjoyment. Practicing ____4____ also matters. This means appreciating what you receive. Keeping an appreciation journal helps: regularly writing down specific things you’re thankful for, reliving the emotions ____5____ to them. This habit ____6____ deeper appreciation and makes blessings feel less ordinary. ____7____, develop mindfulness. Train your mind to focus ____8____ on the present through regular and structured practice, accepting whatever arises. Unlike enjoying pleasure alone, mindfulness involves fully ____9____ both pleasant and difficult experiences. Staying mindful boosts ____10____ in daily activities and builds your mental toughness to handle challenges. By ____11____ in the “here and now,” many reduce worries about the future, regrets over the past. Maintaining purpose is equally vital. ____12____ life changes — like job loss, children leaving home, or losing loved ones — can bring sorrow. During tough times, stick to ____13____: sleep well, exercise, eat healthily, and stay connected. Define painful transitions as new challenges. If you’re between jobs or retired, look for volunteer opportunities that would benefit from your professional skills. If you miss having children in your life, consider ____14____ or providing academic support. If you’ve lost a parent or spouse, supporting others who are sorrowful can be helpful. Recognizing your strength to weather storms maintains positivity. Emphasizing the positive helps you bounce back from hardship and face future losses. Studies consistently show older adults grow more content with age despite accumulating losses. They tend to minimize the ____15____, accept limitations, and set realistic goals. Adopting these practices earlier makes more impact — potentially enriching your life’s quality. Start encouraging positivity now; its benefits last a lifetime. 1. A. blocked B. reserved C. identified D. qualified 2. A. clarifies B. sustains C. caps D. consumes 3. A. unnoticed B. sour C. wrong D. flashed 4. A. gratitude B. hope C. enthusiasm D. passion 5. A. tailored B. attached C. subjected D. limited 6. A. leads to B. results from C. makes up D. stands for 7. A. Generally B. Additionally C. Interestingly D. Especially 8. A. systematically B. theoretically C. desperately D. considerably 9. A. opposing B. understanding C. repeating D. welcoming 10. A. engagement B. argument C. management D. amusement 11. A. persevering B. specializing C. anchoring D. excelling 12. A. Major B. Desirable C. Constant D. Similar 13. A. regulations B. routines C. supervisors D. exploits 14. A. dedicating B. coaching C. cancelling D. rating 15. A. novel B. negative C. sensitive D. subjective 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. A 11. C 12. A 13. B 14. B 15. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍培养和保持积极乐观心态的几种实用方法及其重要作用。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在过去十年里，研究人员已经找到了培养和保持对未来抱有希望态度的实用方法。A. blocked阻塞；阻碍；B. reserved预订；保留；C. identified发现；确认；D. qualified使合格；限定。根据前文“Mounting evidence from medical studies has indicated that people who think positively have a lower risk of dying of all causes”可知，医学研究已证实积极心态的益处，因此研究人员应是发现了培养积极心态的方法。故选C。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：主动感受快乐有助于维持积极性。A. clarifies阐明；澄清；B. sustains维持；支撑；C. caps覆盖；限制；D. consumes消耗；消费。根据后文“Try focusing your attention on joyful moments as they happen, consciously appreciating each experience”可知，关注快乐时刻的建议是为了维持积极的状态。故选B。 【3题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然婚礼或假期自然能带来喜悦，但日常的快乐往往在悄然流逝前都不被人注意。A. unnoticed未被注意的；被忽视的；B. sour酸的；脾气坏的；C. wrong错误的；有毛病的；D. flashed闪光的；闪现的。根据后文“By slowing down and truly engaging — whether sharing a meal or chatting with a friend—you add to your enjoyment”可知，作者建议放慢节奏感受日常，说明日常快乐常不被注意。故选A。 【4题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：培养感恩之心也很重要。A. gratitude感激；感恩；B. hope希望；期望；C. enthusiasm热情；热忱；D. passion酷爱。根据后文“This means appreciating what you receive. Keeping an appreciation journal helps”可知，该段建议欣赏所拥有的事物、写感恩日记，核心是培养感恩之心。故选A。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：写感恩日记会有帮助：定期写下你特别感激的事情，重温与之相关的情感。A. tailored定制；量身定做；B. attached使依附；附属；C. subjected使服从；使遭受；D. limited限制；限定。根据空格后“to them”可知，此处是固定搭配 attached to，表示“与……相关的”，用来修饰emotions。故选B。 【6题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这个习惯会带来更深层次的感恩之情，让那些值得感恩的事不再显得平淡无奇。A. leads to导致；带来；B. results from起因于；由……造成；C. makes up组成；编造；D. stands for代表；象征。根据前文“regularly writing down specific things you’re thankful for, reliving the emotions attached to them”可知，写感恩日记的习惯会带来更深的感恩之情。故选A。 【7题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，培养正念。A. Generally通常；普遍地；B. Additionally此外；另外；C. Interestingly有趣地；D. Especially尤其；特别。前文介绍了主动感受快乐、培养感恩之心两种方法，本句提出培养正念的新方法，属于补充建议，应用“此外” 连接。故选B。 【8题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：通过规律且有条理的练习，训练你的大脑系统性地专注于当下，接纳所发生的一切。A. systematically系统地；有条理地；B. theoretically理论上地；C. desperately拼命地；绝望地；D. considerably相当地；非常地。根据前文“through regular and structured practice”可知，规律且有条理的练习对应的是系统性地专注当下。故选A。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：与单纯享受快乐不同，正念包括全然接纳愉快和艰难的经历。A. opposing反对；反抗；B. understanding理解；明白；C. repeating重复；复述；D. welcoming欣然接受；欢迎。根据前文“accepting whatever arises”可知，正念的核心是接纳一切，因此是欣然接受愉快和艰难的经历。故选D。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：保持正念能增强日常活动中的参与感，并培养你应对挑战的心理韧性。A. engagement参与；投入；B. argument争论；论点；C. management管理；经营；D. amusement娱乐；消遣。根据前文“mindfulness involves fully 9 both pleasant and difficult experiences”可知，正念要求全身心接纳经历，能增强人在日常活动中的参与感。故选A。 【11题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过专注于 “此时此地”，许多人减少了对未来的担忧和对过去的遗憾。A. persevering坚持；不屈不挠；B. specializing专门研究；专攻；C. anchoring使扎根；使基于；D. excelling擅长；胜过他人。根据前文“Train your mind to focus systematically on the present”可知，此处指专注于当下，anchoring in有“扎根于；立足于”的含义，契合语境。故选C。 【12题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：重大的人生变故 —— 比如失业、孩子离家或失去至亲 —— 都可能带来悲伤。A. Major重大的；主要的；B. Desirable值得拥有的；合意的；C. Constant持续的；恒定的；D. Similar相似的；类似的。根据后文“like job loss, children leaving home, or losing loved ones”可知，这些都是重大的人生变化。故选A。 【13题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在艰难时期，坚持日常作息：睡好、运动、健康饮食并保持社交联系。A. regulations规则；规章；B. routines常规；日常作息；C. supervisors监督者；管理者；D. exploits功绩；业绩。根据后文“sleep well, exercise, eat healthily, and stay connected”可知，这些是日常的生活作息。故选B。 【14题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你怀念生活中有孩子的时光，可以考虑辅导孩子或者提供学业支持。A. dedicating献身；致力于；B. coaching辅导；指导；C. cancelling取消；终止；D. rating评价；评级。根据后文“providing academic support”可知，此处是与之并列的行为，辅导孩子符合语境。故选B。 【15题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们倾向于淡化消极的一面，接受自身的局限，并设定切实可行的目标。A. novel新奇的；异常的；B. negative消极的；负面的；C. sensitive敏感的；灵敏的；D. subjective主观的；个人的。根据前文“Studies consistently show older adults grow more content with age despite accumulating losses”可知，老年人虽有诸多失去却更满足，原因是他们淡化消极的事物。故选B。 话题3 研究发现 Passage 1 In the future, we may no longer need chemical pesticides to help crops grow healthily. Chinese scientists have discovered a small molecule called the 2’cADPR in plant cells that can trigger 1 . This molecule holds the potential to be developed into a new type of biopesticide. “Once this biopesticide is put into use, it can 2 when sprayed onto the plant surface and absorbed by the plant,” Wan Li, one of the researchers, told China Daily. “Based on existing scientific knowledge, it potentially can be 3 to different plants and combat many diseases.” Wan’s team studies Arabidopsis thaliana, a plant widely used in biological research. Within its cells, there are around 150 immune sensors, each monitoring for 4 types of “enemies”, such as viruses and harmful bacteria. When one of these sensors 5 a threat, it produces 2’cADPR. This molecule then initiates the plant’s immune response, helping the plant 6 its “shield” of disease resistance. In this 7 , for the plant, 2’cADPR is an exceptionally capable “guard” that can defend against various pathogens (病原体). Scientifically speaking, 2’cADPR is key to the plant’s “broad-spectrum disease resistance”, which means resistance against more than one pathogen species or the majority of races or 8 of the same pathogen. Wan said that the small molecule has already been put into production. The next step is to continue proving its effectiveness in the field and hopefully soon put it into use. 9 , another study jointly conducted by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fudan University and Zhejiang University has 10 a similar broad-spectrum immune pathway in rice. The key molecule in this case is pRib-AMP, which is generated by the OsTIR protein in rice cells. 11 , for immune systems, it’s not always “the stronger, the better”. For both plants and animals, it is crucial to maintain “immune homeostasis (内环境稳定)”, a 12 that allows the immune system to effectively fight off pathogens without 13 or damaging its own tissues. According to the joint study, rice cells achieve this balance through another protein called ROD1, which interacts with OsTIR to prevent it from producing too many pRib-AMP molecules. Wan noted that traditional chemical pesticides harm the environment and 14 health risks. But these special molecules originate from plants themselves and are therefore safe when used properly as biopesticides. This offers a more eco-friendly 15 to protect plants from diseases. 1．A．intensity B．immunity C．particularity D．flexibility 2．A．respond B．occur C．appear D．function 3．A．supplied B．applied C．opposed D．exposed 4．A．general B．random C．specific D．intrinsic 5．A．addresses B．detects C．poses D．creates 6．A．hold up B．take up C．put up D．bring up 7．A．situation B．sense C．case D．scope 8．A．strains B．versions C．variables D．groups 9．A．Meanwhile B．Consequently C．Nevertheless D．Instead 10．A．processed B．realized C．identified D．proved 11．A．Besides B．Moreover C．However D．Therefore 12．A．tendency B．balance C．process D．signal 13．A．overestimating B．overrating C．overusing D．overreacting 14．A．pose B．suggest C．ignore D．manage 15．A．equivalent B．initiative C．preference D．alternative 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．B 6．C 7．C 8．A 9．A 10．C 11．C 12．B 13．D 14．A 15．D 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国科学家在植物细胞中发现了一种叫做2’cADPR的小分子，它能触发免疫力。这种分子具有开发成一种新型生物农药的潜力。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：中国科学家在植物细胞中发现了一种名为 2’cADPR的小分子，它能触发免疫力。​A. intensity强度，烈度；B. immunity免疫力；C. particularity特殊性；D. flexibility灵活性​。后文多次提到immune response（免疫反应）、disease resistance（抗病性），且该分子被称为guard（守卫），可知其核心作用是触发植物的“免疫力”。故选B​。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员之一Wan Li告诉《中国日报》：“这种生物农药一旦投入使用，当它被喷洒到植物表面并被植物吸收后就能起作用。”​A. respond反应，响应；B. occur发生；C. appear出现；D. function起作用。​根据常识可知，生物农药的本质是发挥防治疾病的作用，function强调“起作用”，符合“投入使用后发挥功效”的语境。​故选D。 3．考查动词词义辨析。​句意：基于现有科学知识，它有可能被应用于不同植物并对抗多种疾病。A. supplied供应；B. applied应用；C. opposed反对；D. exposed暴露。根据后文“to different plants and combat many diseases”可知，be applied to是固定搭配，意为“被应用于”，符合“将生物农药推广到不同植物”的语境。​故选B​。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在它的细胞内，大约有150个免疫传感器，每个都监测特定类型的“敌人”，如病毒和有害细菌。A. general普遍的；B. random随机的；C. specific特定的；D. intrinsic内在的。前文each（每个）表明传感器有明确分工，分别针对“特定类型”的敌人（如病毒、细菌各有对应传感器）。​故选C​。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当其中一个传感器检测到威胁时，它会产生 2’cADPR。​A. addresses处理；B. detects检测到；C. poses造成；D. creates创造​。传感器的核心功能是“监测并检测威胁”，detects符合其“发现威胁信号”的作用。故选B。​ 6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这种分子随后启动植物的免疫反应，帮助植物建立其抗病的“盾牌”。​A. hold up举起，支撑；B. take up开始从事，占据；C. put up建立，竖起；D. bring up抚养，提出​。后文“盾牌（shield）”需要“建立”或“竖起”才能发挥防御作用，put up形象地体现了植物启动抗病屏障的过程。故选C​。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这种情况下，对植物来说，2’cADPR 是一个能力极强的“守卫”，可以抵御各种病原体。​A. situation情况；B. sense意义；C. case情况，案例；D. scope范围​。in this case是固定短语，意为“在这种情况下”，特指前文描述的“2’cADPR启动免疫反应”的具体场景。situation虽可表示“情况”，但case更强调“具体案例”，与 后文“guard”的比喻呼应更紧密。​故选C​。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从科学角度讲，2’cADPR 是植物“广谱抗病性”的关键，这意味着对不止一种病原体物种或同一种病原体的大多数种族或菌株有抗性。A. strains菌株，品系；B. versions版本；C. variables变量；D. groups群体。在生物学中，strains特指同一病原体的不同菌株（如同种细菌的不同变种），与前文“races（种族）”并列，准确描述病原体的细分类型。故选A。 9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：同时，中国科学院、复旦大学和浙江大学联合开展的另一项研究在水稻中发现了类似的广谱免疫通路。A. Meanwhile同时；B. Consequently因此；C. Nevertheless然而；D. Instead反而​。前文介绍拟南芥中的 2’cADPR，此处转而说明水稻中的类似发现，两者是并行的研究成果，无因果或转折关系。Meanwhile表示“同时”，体现研究的并列性，符合逻辑。​故选A。​ 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同时，中国科学院、复旦大学和浙江大学联合开展的另一项研究在水稻中发现了类似的广谱免疫通路。​A. processed处理；B. realized意识到；C. identified识别，发现；D. proved证明​。根据常识可知，科研研究的核心成果是“发现”新的机制或通路，identified强调“识别并确认”，符合“在水稻中发现免疫通路”的语境。​故选C。 11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，对于免疫系统来说，并不总是“越强越好”。​A. Besides此外；B. Moreover而且；C. However然而；D. Therefore因此。前文强调免疫通路的“广谱抗病性”优势，此处转而提出“免疫系统并非越强越好”，形成逻辑转折。However表转折，准确衔接前后文的对比关系。​故选C​。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对植物和动物来说，维持 “免疫内环境稳定” 至关重要，这是一种平衡，能让免疫系统有效抵御病原体而不过度反应或损害自身组织。​A. tendency趋势；B. balance平衡；C. process过程；D. signal信号​。上文“immune homeostasis（免疫内环境稳定）”的本质是“平衡”，后文“achieve this balance”直接呼应，说明这是一种“平衡状态”。故选B。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对植物和动物来说，维持 “免疫内环境稳定” 至关重要，这是一种平衡，能让免疫系统有效抵御病原体而不过度反应或损害自身组织。A. overestimating高估；B. overrating高估；C. overusing过度使用；D. overreacting过度反应​。根据常识可知，免疫系统若“过度反应”，可能错误攻击自身组织，与“损害自身组织”构成并列，符合“免疫平衡”的反面描述。​故选D​。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Wan指出，传统化学农药危害环境并造成健康风险。A. pose造成；B. suggest暗示；C. ignore忽视；D. manage管理。pose health risks 是固定搭配，意为“造成健康风险”，准确描述化学农药的负面影响。​故选A​。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这为保护植物免受疾病侵害提供了一种更环保的替代方案。A. equivalent等价物；B. initiative倡议；C. preference偏好；D. alternative替代方案​。生物农药与传统化学农药形成对比，是更环保的“替代方案”。alternative强调“可替代的选择”，符合“用新型农药替代传统农药”的语境。equivalent强调“等同性”，与“更环保”的优势矛盾。故选D​。 Passage 2 Apes and human beings share a lot in common when it comes to behavior. The evidence taken from the observation of the behavior of apes and children suggests that there are three causes for the outbreak of fighting and the exhibition of 1 by individuals. One of the most common causes of fighting among both children and apes was over the 2 of external objects. The argument over the ownership of any desired object—food, clothes, toys, females, and the affection of others—was sufficient reason to 3 force. In a case of monkeys’ disagreement over females, thirty females were killed. Two points are of particular interest to notice about these fights for possession. In the first place the fights are often carried to such an extreme that they end in the 4 destruction of the objects of common desire. Toys are torn to pieces and females are killed. In the second place it is observable, that 5 occurs when an object is desired by only one person or by someone else. There were many cases where toys and other objects which had been thrown away as useless were 6 defended by their owners when they became the object of some other child’s desire. Another cause of aggression is the tendency for children and apes greatly to 7 the invading of a stranger into their group. A new child in the class may be laughed at, isolated, and disliked. A new monkey may be bitten to death. It is interesting to note that anger occurs when a stranger comes from the 8 species. Monkeys do not mind being 9 by a goat or a rat. Children do not object when animals are introduced to the group. As a matter of fact, such newcomers are often 10 . But when monkeys meet a new monkey or children a strange child, aggression often occurs. This strongly suggests that the reason for the aggression is fundamentally possessiveness. The 11 of the newcomers is feared. The present members of the group feel that there will be more competitors for the food or the attention of the adults. Finally, another common source of fighting among children is a frustration or failure in their own 12 . A child will be stopped either by 13 causes such as bad weather or illness from doing something he wishes to do, for example, sail his boat or ride the bicycle. Sometimes the activity may be 14 because of the opposition of some adult. The child may also frustrate itself by 15 , through lack of skill or strength, to complete successfully some desired activity. Such a child will then in the ordinary sense become “naughty”. He will be in a bad or unfriendly temper. 1．A．fulfillment B．excitement C．isolation D．aggressiveness 2．A．usage B．possession C．value D．collection 3．A．turn to B．drive away C．come over D．make into 4．A．moderate B．subtle C．complete D．temporary 5．A．conflict B．negotiation C．agreement D．donation 6．A．reluctantly B．violently C．unwillingly D．peacefully 7．A．ignore B．accept C．prove D．hate 8．A．similar B．modest C．strong D．reliable 9．A．observed B．protected C．joined D．spoiled 10．A．offensive B．considerate C．generous D．welcome 11．A．strength B．attitude C．competition D．emotion 12．A．knowledge B．activity C．study D．personality 13．A．natural B．physical C．financial D．academic 14．A．enhanced B．operated C．extended D．prevented 15．A．learning B．failing C．imitating D．refusing 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．A 9．C 10．D 11．C 12．B 13．A 14．D 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过观察猿类和儿童的行为，指出个体间爆发争斗和表现出攻击性的三个原因：对外部物体的占有、对陌生者入侵的憎恨以及自身活动受挫或失败。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过对类人猿和儿童行为的观察所获得的证据表明，个体发生争斗和表现出攻击性有三个原因。A. fulfillment履行；B. excitement兴奋；C. isolation隔离；D. aggressiveness攻击性。根据后文“One of the most common causes of fighting among both children and apes was over the 　　2　　 of external objects.”可知，文章主要讨论的是攻击性行为的原因。故选D项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：儿童和猿类之间最常见的打架原因之一是对争夺外部物体的占有。A. usage使用；B. possession占有；C. value价值；D. collection收集。根据后文“The argument over the ownership of any desired object—food, clothes, toys, females, and the affection of others—was sufficient reason to 　　3　　 force.”可知，此处讨论的是对物品的占有权。故选B项。 3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：对任何想要的物品——食物、衣服、玩具、雌性动物和他人的感情——的所有权的争论足以诉诸武力。A. turn to转向，求助于；B. drive away赶走；C. come over过来；D. make into制成。根据前文“The argument over the ownership of any desired object”可知，争论会引发武力解决。故选A项。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：首先，争斗常常进行到如此极端，以至于最终完全摧毁了共同渴望的物品。A. moderate适度的；B. subtle微妙的；C. complete完全的；D. temporary暂时的。根据后文“Toys are torn to pieces and females are killed.”可知，争斗导致物品被彻底摧毁。故选C项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：其次，可以观察到，当只有一个人或其他人想要一个物品时，就会发生冲突。A. conflict冲突；B. negotiation谈判；C. agreement协议；D. donation捐赠。根据前文“there are three causes for the outbreak of fighting and the exhibition of 　　1　　 by individuals.”和后文“desired by only one person or by someone else”可知，此处讨论的是冲突的发生。故选A项。 6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：有许多案例中，被当作无用之物丢弃的玩具和其他物品，当它们成为其他孩子渴望的对象时，会被拥有者暴力捍卫。A. reluctantly不情愿地；B. violently暴力地；C. unwillingly不愿意地；D. peacefully和平地。根据前文“there are three causes for the outbreak of fighting and the exhibition of 　　1　　 by individuals.”和后文“defended by their owners when they became the object of some other child’s desire.”可知，这里指暴力捍卫。故选B项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一个攻击性的原因是儿童和猿类非常憎恨陌生者入侵他们的群体。A. ignore忽视；B. accept接受；C. prove证明；D. hate憎恨。根据后文“A new child in the class may be laughed at, isolated, and disliked. A new monkey may be bitten to death.”可知，同类的入侵导致憎恨。故选D项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有趣的是，当陌生者来自相似的物种时，愤怒就会发生。A. similar相似的；B. modest谦虚的；C. strong强壮的；D. reliable可靠的。根据后文“But when monkeys meet a new monkey or children a strange child, aggression often occurs.”可知，此处讨论的是同类物种之间的反应。故选A项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：猴子不介意有山羊或老鼠加入它们。A. observed观察；B. protected保护；C. joined加入；D. spoiled破坏。根据后文“Children do not object when animals are introduced to the group.”可知，这里指其他动物加入猴群。故选C项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，这样的新来者通常很受欢迎。A. offensive冒犯的；B. considerate体贴的；C. generous慷慨的；D. welcome受欢迎的。根据前文“Children do not object when animals are introduced to the group.”可知，动物新成员是受欢迎的。故选D项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：新来者的竞争令人担忧。A. strength力量；B. attitude态度；C. competition竞争；D. emotion情感。根据后文“there will be more competitors for the food or the attention of the adults.”可知，新来者带来了竞争。故选C项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，儿童之间打架的另一个常见原因是他们自身活动的挫折或失败。A. knowledge知识；B. activity活动；C. study学习；D. personality个性。根据后文“for example, sail his boat or ride the bicycle.”可知，此处指自身活动受挫。故选B项。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个孩子可能会因为自然原因（如恶劣天气或疾病）而无法做他想做的事情，例如，划船或骑自行车。A. natural自然的；B. physical身体的；C. financial金融的；D. academic学术的。根据后文“such as bad weather or illness from doing something he wishes to do”可知，自然原因使他们不能做成某件事情。故选A项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时，活动可能会因为某些成年人的反对而被阻止。A. enhanced增强；B. operated操作；C. extended延伸；D. prevented阻止。根据后文“because of the opposition of some adult”可知，成年人的反对使活动受阻。故选D项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子也可能因为缺乏技能或力量而未能成功完成某项期望的活动，从而感到沮丧。A. learning学习；B. failing失败；C. imitating模仿；D. refusing拒绝。根据后文“through lack of skill or strength”可知，缺乏技能或力量使得做事不成功。故选B项。 Passage 3 Most people have seen animals solve problems in one context or another Whether it’s a dog getting food out of a puzzle toy, a squirrel (松鼠) breaking into a “squirrel-proof, bird feeder, or — in what is hopefully a rarer experience — a bear opening a door to get to the food inside! Do all individuals within a species come up with 1 solutions to problems? Or are some individuals more innovative than others? In ungulates (for example, goats and horses), social outsiders are more likely to innovate than their 2 groupmates: if an individual spends time on the outer areas of their group, they are more likely to succeed at a problem-solving task. 3 , in some species of primates (灵长类动物) and birds, it has been shown that individuals with low social standing — that is, those who regularly lose fights, and who don’t have 4 of access to valuable resources — tend to innovate more. The above examples tie into the theory that the individuals who are least able to gain access to good quality 5 , such as food and shelter, are the most likely to innovate. This “bad competitor” theory suggests that individuals innovate because they must do so to 6 . Imagine you’re a goat who can’t get access to the feeding container because you’re not in the in-group. You’d probably be more 7 to figure out how to open a container with food inside than your more popular (and well-fed) groupmates. However, while there is support for this theory in some species, many species show opposing patterns. 8 , being a “bad competitor” doesn’t seem to be a general driver of innovation across species. 9 appears to have a more general influence on animal innovativeness. A meta-analysis (综合分析) across 37 studies of animal innovation found that being brave (that is, approaching 10 objects and exploring new environments) was linked to innovative behavior. For example, brave Carib grackles (a species of bird) and ungulates are more likely to innovate than their more easily frightened groupmates. 11 has also been linked to innovation in a variety of species, from zebra finches (斑胸草雀) to Asian elephants. Both make instinctive sense. The more likely an individual is to 12 with a new problem (that is, the braver they are, and the more time they spend trying to solve a problem (that is, the more persistent they are), the more likely they are to find a(n) 13 . Regardless of the reason individuals innovate, once an individual finds a solution to a problem, 14 a problem involving resource access, their behavior can spread like wildfire. Other individuals pay attention when a groupmate innovates, and 15 the problem-solving behavior. 1．A．instant B．comprehensive C．fair D．creative 2．A．friendly B．popular C．close D．faithful 3．A．Similarly B．Inevitably C．Apparently D．Gradually 4．A．purpose B．priority C．pressure D．potential 5．A．services B．materials C．goods D．resources 6．A．pretend B．compete C．survive D．evolve 7．A．reluctant B．excited C．motivated D．confused 8．A．Thus B．Besides C．Still D．Meanwhile 9．A．Emotion B．Gender C．Appearance D．Personality 10．A．living B．novel C．endangered D．ideal 11．A．Persistence B．Intelligence C．Performance D．Confidence 12．A．conflict B．compare C．interact D．identify 13．A．position B．object C．solution D．chance 14．A．absolutely B．fortunately C．definitely D．particularly 15．A．copy B．change C．influence D．evaluate 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．D 6．C 7．C 8．A 9．D 10．B 11．A 12．C 13．C 14．D 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过对动物行为的研究探索创新的原因。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个物种中的所有个体都能想出创造性的解决方案吗？A. instant速食的，短暂的 ；B. comprehensive综合的；C. fair 公平的；D. creative创造性的；有创造力的。根据下一句“Or are some individuals more innovative than others?”可知本空应和innovative意思相近。故选D项。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在有蹄类动物（例如山羊和马）中，社会中的局外者比它们受欢迎的群体伙伴更有可能创新：如果一个人花时间在群体的外部区域，他们更有可能成功完成解决问题的任务。A. friendly友好的；B. popular受欢迎的；C. close亲密的；D. faithful忠诚的。根据 “social outsiders  are more likely to innovate”和“if an individual spends time on the outer areas of their group, they are more likely to succeed at a problem-solving task.”判断社会中的局外者比它们受欢迎的群体伙伴更有可能创新受欢迎的。故选B项。 3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样，在一些灵长类动物和鸟类物种中，研究表明，社会地位较低的个体——即那些经常输掉战斗的人，以及那些没有优先获得宝贵资源的人——往往会进行更多的创新。A. Similarly相似地，同样；B. Inevitably不可避免地；C. Apparently显然地；D. Gradually逐步地。根据“in some species of primates (灵长类动物) and birds, it has been shown that individuals with low social standing — that is, those who regularly lose fights, and who don’t have   4 of access to valuable resources — tend to innovate more.”和句意判断本句话所描述的情况和上一句描述的情况差不多。故选A项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同样，在一些灵长类动物和鸟类物种中，研究表明，社会地位较低的个体——即那些经常输掉战斗的人，以及那些没有优先获得宝贵资源的个体——往往会进行更多的创新。A. purpose 意图，目的；B. priority优先，优先权；C. pressure 压力；D. potential可能性，潜力。根据“lose fights”和“access to valuable resources — tend to innovate more.”可判断这些动物不能优先获得好的资源。故选B项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：上述例子与这样一种理论相吻合，即最不可能获得优质资源（如食物和住所）的个体最有可能进行创新。A. services公共服务系统，公共事业； B. materials材料； C. goods 商品；D. resources资源。根据上一句的“valuable resources”后面的“such as food and shelter”可判断最不可能获得优质资源的动物最有可能进行创新。故选D项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种“不良竞争对手”理论表明，个体创新是因为他们必须这样做才能生存。A. pretend假装 ；B. compete 竞争；C. survive生存，幸存 ；D. evolve发展，进化。根据上一句中“who are least able to gain access to good quality 5 , such as food and shelter”，可知这些“不良竞争对手”生存艰难，必须创新才能生存下去。故选C项。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你可能会比你更受欢迎（而且吃得很好）的同伴更有动力想出如何打开一个装有食物的容器。A. reluctant 不情愿的；B. excited 激动的；C. motivated有积极性的；D. confused困惑的。根据上文“This “bad competitor” theory suggests that individuals innovate because they must do so to 6 ”可知“不良竞争对手”为了生存更有动力想去解决问题。故选C项。 8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，成为一个“糟糕的竞争对手”似乎并不是跨物种创新的一般驱动力。A. Thus 因此；B. Besides 此外；C. Still 还，还是，仍然；D. Meanwhile同时。根据上一句“However, while there is support for this theory in some species, many species show opposing patterns. ”和空格后“being a “bad competitor” doesn’t seem to be a general driver of innovation across species.”可知空格后为空格前句子的结论。故选A项。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：性格似乎对动物的创新能力有更普遍的影响。A. Emotion情感；B. Gender性别；C. Appearance外表；D. Personality性格，个性。根据下文“being brave (that is, approaching 10   objects and exploring new environments) was linked to innovative behavior”可知性格对动物的创新能力有更普遍的影响。故选D项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一项对37项动物创新研究的综合分析发现，勇敢（即接近新物体和探索新环境）与创新行为有关。A. living活的；B. novel 新颖的；C. endangered濒危的；D. ideal理想的。根据空后“and exploring new environments”判断and前想表达“接近新物体”与“and exploring new environments”相对应。故选B项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：坚持不懈也与从斑胸雀到亚洲象等多种物种的创新有关。A. Persistence 持久性；B. Intelligence智力；C. Performance 表演；D. Confidence信心。根据下文“that is, the braver they are, and the more time they spend trying to solve a problem”可知此处想表达坚持不懈创新。故选A项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个个体越有可能与一个新问题互动（也就是说，他们越勇敢，花越多的时间试图解决一个问题（也就是他们越坚持不懈），他们就越有可能找到解决方案。A. conflict冲突；B. compare比较；C. interact 互动，沟通；D. identify识别。根据“that is, the braver they are, and the more time they spend trying to solve a problem (that is, the more persistent they are)”判断这是个体与解决问题的互动。故选C项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个个体越有可能与一个新问题互动（也就是说，他们越勇敢，花越多的时间试图解决一个问题（也就是他们越坚持不懈），他们就越有可能找到解决方案。A. position位置；B. object 物体，目标；C. solution解决方案；D. chance机会。根据前文“they spend trying to solve a problem”可知，他们就想找到解决方案。故选C项。 14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：不管个体创新的原因是什么，一旦一个个体找到了问题的解决方案，尤其是涉及资源获取的问题，他们的行为就会像野火一样蔓延。A. absolutely绝对地，完全地；B. fortunately 幸运地；C. definitely当然，确实，确切地；D. particularly特别，尤其。根据第四段的“who are least able to gain access to good quality 5 , such as food and shelter”可知资源尤其重要，此处想表达“尤其是涉及资源获取的问题”。故选D项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当群体成员创新时，其他个体会注意，并模仿解决问题的行为。A. copy复制，模仿；B. change改变；C. influence影响；D. evaluate评估。根据上一句中的“their behavior can spread like wildfire”，可知其他个体会模仿创新行为。故选A项。 话题4 文学艺术 Passage 1 Once upon a time there lived in Germany two brothers who loved a good story — one with magic and danger, royalty and villains (恶棍). At school they met a wise man who led them to a treasure — a library of old books with tales more fascinating than any they had ever heard. 1 , the brothers began collecting their own stories, listening to the folktales people told them. Soon they 2 their own treasure — a book of fairy tales that would charm millions in faraway lands for generations to come. The brothers Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm, named their story collection Children’s and Household Tales and published it in Germany in 1812. The collection which has been translated into more than 160 languages up to now is a publishing 3 . The stories and their characters have appeared in theatre, opera, comic books, movies, paintings, rock music, advertising and even fashion. Such 4 would have shocked the modest Grimms. During their lifetimes the book sold few copies in Germany. The early editions were not even 5 children. They had no illustrations, and scholarly footnotes took up almost as much space as the tales themselves. Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm viewed themselves as 6 students of folklore. They began their work at a time when Germany had been occupied by the French under Napoleon. As young scholars, the brothers Grimm began to work on the fairy tale collection in order to save the endangered oral storytelling tradition of Germany. Long before the Grimms’ time, 7 developed in inns, barns, and peasant homes. During winter nights, as they sat spinning wood, women kept each other company and entertained each other with tales of adventure, romance and magic. 8 , 40 such storytellers delivered tales to the Grimms, many of them coming to their house in Kassel. Although the brothers implied that they were just 9 the tales, Wilhelm polished and reshaped the stories up to the final edition of 1857. In an effort to make them more 10 to children and their parents, he stressed the moral of each tale and emphasized gender roles. According to the Grimms, the collection served as “a manual of 11 .” To this day, parents read them to their children because they approve of the lessons in the stories: keep your promises, don’t talk to strangers, work hard, obey your parents. So what 12 their popularity? Some have suggested that it is because the characters are always striving for happiness. But the truth probably lies in their 13 . The Grimms’ tales were born out of a storytelling tradition without 14 of age or culture. The brothers’ skill was to translate these into a universal style of writing that seems to mirror whatever moods or interests we bring to our 15 of them. And so it was that the Grimms’ fairy tales lived happily ever after. 1．A．Inspired B．Disappointed C．Discouraged D．Relieved 2．A．estimated B．produced C．sacrificed D．stocked 3．A．medium B．partnership C．finding D．wonder 4．A．quality B．wealth C．fame D．benefit 5．A．marked as B．robbed of C．aimed at D．prevented from 6．A．intelligent B．hardworking C．peculiar D．patriotic 7．A．collection B．storytelling C．entertainment D．meeting 8．A．Besides B．Altogether C．However D．Similarly 9．A．creating B．developing C．reviewing D．recording 10．A．accustomed B．acceptable C．cruel D．compared 11．A．manners B．parentship C．publishing D．adaptation 12．A．results from B．depends on C．accounts for D．responds to 13．A．appeal B．flexibility C．availability D．origin 14．A．boundaries B．influences C．indications D．distributions 15．A．writing B．sharing C．reading D．beginning 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．C 6．D 7．B 8．B 9．D 10．B 11．A 12．C 13．D 14．A 15．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要描述了格林兄弟如何收集、编纂并最终出版《格林童话》的过程，以及这本书对后世的影响和重要性。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：受到启发，兄弟俩开始收集自己的故事，听人们讲给他们听的民间故事。A. Inspired受到启发；B. Disappointed使失望；C. Discouraged使泄气；D. Relieved使缓解。根据语境和前文“At school they met a wise man who led them to a treasure — a library of old books with tales more fascinating than any they had ever heard.”可知，在学校里，他们遇到了一位智者，他把他们带到了一个宝藏——一个装满古书的图书馆，里面的故事比他们听过的任何故事都要有趣。受到这位智者的启发，兄弟俩开始收集自己的故事。故选A项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快，他们创造了自己的宝藏——一本童话故事书，将世世代代吸引着遥远国度的数百万人。A. estimated估计；B. produced制作；C. sacrificed牺牲；D. stocked存有。根据语境和后文“their own treasure — a book of fairy tales”可知，兄弟俩创造了自己的宝藏，即一本童话故事书。故选B项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这本书至今已被翻译成160多种语言，堪称出版界的奇迹。A. medium媒体；B. partnership合作关系；C. finding发现；D. wonder奇迹。根据语境和前文“The collection which has been translated into more than 160 languages up to now”可知，这本书被翻译成160多种语言，这是出版界的奇迹。故选D项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这样的名声会让谦虚的格林兄弟感到震惊。A. quality质量；B. wealth财富；C. fame名声；D. benefit益处。根据语境和前文“The collection which has been translated into more than 160 languages up to now is a publishing 　　3　　.”可知，这本书被翻译成160多种语言，堪称出版界的奇迹，这种名声让格林兄弟感到震惊。故选C项。 5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：早期的版本甚至不是针对儿童的。A. marked as标记为；B. robbed of抢夺；C. aimed at针对；D. prevented from阻止。根据语境和后文“They had no illustrations, and scholarly footnotes took up almost as much space as the tales themselves.”可知，书中没有插图，学术性的脚注占据了几乎和故事本身一样多的篇幅，由此可见，早期的版本并不是针对儿童的。故选C项。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：雅各布·格林和威廉·格林自认为是爱国的民俗学学生。A. intelligent聪明的；B. hardworking努力的；C. peculiar奇怪的；D. patriotic爱国的。根据语境和后文“As young scholars, the brothers Grimm began to work on the fairy tale collection in order to save the endangered oral storytelling tradition of Germany.”可知，作为年轻的学者，格林兄弟为了拯救德国濒临灭绝的口头讲故事的传统，就开始着手编写童话故事集。由此推知，他们是爱国的。故选D项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：早在格林时代之前，讲故事就在小旅馆、谷仓和农民家里发展起来了。A. collection收藏品；B. storytelling讲故事；C. entertainment娱乐；D. meeting会议。根据语境和后文“During winter nights, as they sat spinning wood, women kept each other company and entertained each other with tales of adventure, romance and magic.”可知，在冬天的夜晚，当他们坐着纺柴时，女人们彼此作伴，用冒险、浪漫和魔法的故事来娱乐彼此。由此推知，早在格林时代之前，讲故事就发展起来了。故选B项。 8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：总共有40个这样的讲故事的人给格林兄弟讲故事，其中许多人去了他们在卡塞尔的家。A. Besides另外；B. Altogether总共；C. However然而；D. Similarly类似地。根据语境和后文“40 such storytellers delivered tales to the Grimms”可知，总共有40个这样的讲故事的人给格林夫妇讲故事。故选B项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然两兄弟暗示他们只是在记录这些故事，但威廉对这些故事进行了润色和修改，直到1857年的最终版本。A. creating创造；B. developing发展；C. reviewing回顾；D. recording记录。根据语境和前文“the brothers began collecting their own stories, listening to the folktales people told them”可知，兄弟俩开始收集自己的故事，听人们讲给他们听的民间故事。由此推知，两兄弟暗示他们只是在记录这些故事。故选D项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了让孩子和父母更容易接受这些故事，他强调了每个故事的寓意，并强调了性别角色。A. accustomed习惯的；B. acceptable可接受的；C. cruel残酷的；D. compared比较的。根据语境和前文“They had no illustrations, and scholarly footnotes took up almost as much space as the tales themselves.”可知，书中没有插图，学术性的脚注占据了几乎和故事本身一样多的篇幅，由此推知，为了让孩子和父母更容易接受这些故事，他强调了每个故事的寓意，并强调了性别角色。故选B项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：按照格林兄弟的说法，这本书是一本“礼仪手册”。A. manners礼仪；B. parentship为人父母；C. publishing出版；D. adaptation适应。根据语境和后文“To this day, parents read them to their children because they approve of the lessons in the stories: keep your promises, don’t talk to strangers, work hard, obey your parents.”可知，直到今天，父母还会把这些书读给孩子听，因为他们认同故事中的教训：遵守诺言，不要和陌生人说话，努力工作，听父母的话。由此推知，两兄弟说这个故事集是教给了孩子们礼仪，起到了“礼仪手册”的作用。故选A项。 12．考查动词短语辨析。句意：那么是什么导致了它们的流行呢？A. results from由……引起；B. depends on依靠；C. accounts for导致；D. responds to回应。根据语境和后文“Some have suggested that it is because the characters are always striving for happiness.”可知，有些人认为这是因为人物总是在为幸福而奋斗。由此推知，此处是问到底是什么导致了这些故事的流行。故选C项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但真相可能在于它们的起源。A. appeal呼吁；B. flexibility灵活性；C. availability可用性；D. origin起源。根据语境和后文“The Grimms’ tales were born out of a storytelling tradition”可知，格林兄弟的故事诞生于一个讲故事的传统，因此这些故事流行的原因在于它们的起源。故选D项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：《格林童话》诞生于一种讲故事的传统，没有年龄和文化的界限。A. boundaries界限；B. influences影响；C. indications迹象；D. distributions分布。根据语境和后文“The brothers’ skill was to translate these into a universal style of writing”可知，兄弟俩的技巧是把这些翻译成一种通用的写作风格，因此《格林童话》是没有年龄和文化的界限的。故选A项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：兄弟俩的技巧是把这些翻译成一种普遍的写作风格，似乎反映了我们在阅读它们时所带来的任何情绪或兴趣。A. writing写；B. sharing分享；C. reading读；D. beginning开始。根据常识和后文“of them”可知，我们阅读《格林童话》里的故事。故选C项。 Passage 2 It’s long been thought that the earlier you learn new skills, the easier they are to ____1____. That’s part of the reason why early childhood was once considered the best time to be ____2____ to a second language. But whether that holds true has been heavily debated in the scientific community. Unfortunately, the idea has helped increase doubt in older individuals’ ability to quickly adapt to new languages, preventing the ____3____ of many potential polyglots (通晓多种语言者). As a constantly ____4____ and complex organ, the human brain retains significant potential for higher learning after puberty. Adults and children simply absorb and learn things differently. “Research shows that adults are better learners in many areas because we have a lot of ____5____ and we’re very attentive when we want to learn something,” says Lourdes Ortega, a professor of linguistics at Georgetown University. “For most, it can take years to reach ____6____ in a foreign language.” According to The Foreign Service Institute (FSI), factors such as a person’s natural ability, their previous linguistic experience, and the consistency of their lessons ____7____ the language learning process. The FSI also reports that languages more ____8____ to their own, like Spanish or French, can be learned relatively quickly — often in about 24-30 weeks. ____9____ languages with significant cultural differences from English, such as Greek or Russian, generally require about 44 weeks. These estimates reflect a strict study model, involving several dedicated hours of practice spread across multiple days per week. It is ____10____ to expect any individual to follow such a demanding schedule alone. “No one can learn, as an adult, a new language unless they love it and unless they make it part of their life,” says Ortega. “In theory, it’s a great thing, but you need to have reasons for it and the time to invest in it.” At the same time, while adults benefit from motivation and ____11____ efforts, children approach learning differently, and both age groups have unique strengths and weaknesses when it comes to ____12____ new connections. Children tend to learn new languages more ____13____, may have more opportunities to play and experiment with new languages, and may be forced to adapt without the aid of translation apps or other resources. Adults, meanwhile, can employ customized ____14____ to improve their language learning experience. ____15____, they create their own memorization systems or visualization techniques. Still, scientists are discovering that cognitive processes across different ages are far more complex than previously thought, suggesting that learning potential remains significant well beyond early childhood. 1. A. set off B. hold out C. pick up D. make for 2. A. accustomed B. exposed C. instructed D. imposed 3. A. emergence B. supervision C. guidance D. absence 4. A. restoring B. evolving C. adopting D. inferring 5. A. self-doubt B. self-esteem C. self-criticism D. self-regulation 6. A. mastery B. agreement C. coverage D. dimension 7. A. hint B. integrate C. affect D. speed 8. A. unique B. similar C. respective D. resistant 9. A. In essence B. By contrast C. In addition D. To some extent 10. A. invaluable B. conventional C. unrealistic D. distinctive 11. A. deliberate B. random C. joint D. ideal 12. A. masking B. grasping C. narrowing D. reforming 13. A. instinctively B. consciously C. mutually D. duly 14. A. formats B. gestures C. attainments D. strategies 15. A. As a whole B. For instance C. In conclusion D. By the way 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. C 11. A 12. B 13. A 14. D 15. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出早期学习语言的优势被过度强调，而成人学习语言也有其独特优势，受多种因素影响，不同年龄层学习语言各有特点，且认知过程复杂。 【1题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：长期以来，人们一直认为，学习新技能越早，就越容易掌握。A. set off出发；B. hold out坚持；C. pick up(不费力地)获得，学会；D. make for走向，导致。根据后文“That’s part of the reason why early childhood was once considered the best time to be 2 to a second language.”可知，人们认为儿童时期是学习第二语言的最佳时期，而前文为这一观点提供了理论支撑，即学习新技能越早，就越容易掌握。故选C项。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这也是为什么儿童时期曾被认为是接触第二语言的最佳时期的部分原因。A. accustomed使习惯于；B. exposed使接触；C. instructed指导；D. imposed强加。根据后文“to a second language”以及常识可知，儿童时期是接触第二语言的最佳时期。故选B项。 【3题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，这种想法增加了人们对年龄较大的人快速适应新语言能力的怀疑，阻碍了许多潜在的多语言者的出现。A. emergence出现；B. supervision监督；C. guidance指导；D. absence缺席。根据前文“increase doubt in older individuals’ ability to quickly adapt to new languages”可推知，这种想法让人们怀疑年龄较大的人适应新语言的能力，会让成年人对新语言学习望而却步，阻碍了潜在的多语言者的出现。故选A项。 【4题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为不断进化的、复杂的器官，人类大脑在青春期后仍保留着进行高等学习的巨大潜力。A. restoring恢复；B. evolving进化，发展；C. adopting采用；D. inferring推断。根据常识和后文“and complex organ, the human brain”可知，人类大脑是不断进化、复杂的器官。故选B项。 【5题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：乔治敦大学语言学教授Lourdes Ortega说：“研究表明，成年人在许多领域都是更好的学习者，因为我们具备更强的自我调节能力，而且当我们想学习某样东西时，我们会非常专注。”A. self-doubt自我怀疑；B. self-esteem自尊；C. self-criticism自我批评；D. self-regulation自我调节。根据后文“we’re very attentive when we want to learn something”可知，成年人想学习时会非常专注，说明有更强的自我调节能力。故选D项。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对大多数人来说，要达到一门外语的精通程度可能需要数年时间。A. mastery精通，掌握；B. agreement协议；C. coverage覆盖范围；D. dimension方面。根据常识和前文“take years”可推知，需要数年时间才能达到对一门外语的精通程度。故选A项。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：据美国外交服务学院(FSI)称，一个人的天赋、他们以前的语言经验以及课程的连贯性等因素都会影响语言学习进程。A. hint暗示；B. integrate整合；C. affect影响；D. speed加速。根据前文“factors such as a person’s natural ability, their previous linguistic experience, and the consistency of their lessons”和常识可知，一个人的天赋、语言经验和课程的连贯性都是影响语言学习进程的因素。故选C项。 【8题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：FSI还报告说，与自己语言更相似的语言，如西班牙语或法语，可以相对较快地学会——通常在24-30周左右。A. unique独特的；B. similar相似的；C. respective各自的；D. resistant抵抗的。根据后文“to their own, like Spanish or French, can be learned relatively quickly”和“with significant cultural differences from English, such as Greek or Russian, generally require about 44 weeks.”可知，如果所学语言，比如西班牙语或法语，与英语相似，学起来会更快。故选B项。 【9题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：相比之下，与英语有显著文化差异的语言，如希腊语或俄语，通常需要大约44周的时间。A. In essence本质上；B. By contrast相比之下；C. In addition此外；D. To some extent在某种程度上。前文“like Spanish or French, can be learned relatively quickly — often in about 24-30 weeks.”与后文“languages with significant cultural differences from English, such as Greek or Russian, generally require about 44 weeks”把两种情况进行了对比。故选B项。 【10题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：期望任何个人单独遵循如此苛刻的时间表是不现实的。A. invaluable无价的；B. conventional传统的；C. unrealistic不现实的；D. distinctive独特的。根据后文“expect any individual to follow such a demanding schedule alone”和常识可知，让任何个人单独遵循苛刻的时间表是不现实的。故选C项。 【11题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，尽管成年人受益于学习动机和刻意练习，儿童的学习方式却截然不同——在掌握新知识关联时，两个年龄群体各自具备独特的优势与短板。A. deliberate故意的，刻意的；B. random随机的；C. joint联合的；D. ideal理想的。根据前文“we’re very attentive when we want to learn something”和“adults benefit from motivation”可知，成年人有学习动机，会非常专注和刻意地努力，并从中受益。故选A项。 【12题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，尽管成年人受益于学习动机和刻意练习，儿童的学习方式却截然不同——在掌握新知识关联时，两个年龄群体各自具备独特的优势与短板。A. masking掩盖；B. grasping掌握；C. narrowing变窄；D. reforming改革。根据前文“approach learning differently”可知，句中讨论了学习的方式，结合常识，学习需要掌握新知识的关联。故选B项。 【13题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：孩子们倾向于本能地学习新语言，可能有更多机会玩和尝试新语言，并且可能在没有翻译应用程序或其他资源帮助的情况下被迫适应。A. instinctively本能地；B. consciously有意识地；C. mutually相互地；D. duly适当地。根据后文“may have more opportunities to play and experiment with new languages”可知，孩子们有更多机会玩和尝试新语言，不需要明确的学习动机和刻意的练习，倾向于本能地学习新语言。故选A项。 【14题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，成年人可以采用定制的策略来改善他们的语言学习体验。A. formats格式；B. gestures手势；C. attainments成就；D. strategies策略。根据后文“to improve their language learning experience”可推知，成年人改善语言学习体验需要策略。故选D项。 【15题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，他们创建自己的记忆系统或可视化技术。A. As a whole整体上；B. For instance例如；C. In conclusion总之；D. By the way顺便说一下。根据后文“they create their own memorization systems or visualization techniques”可知，此处是在举例说明成年人可以采用的策略。故选B项。 Passage 3 The Book of the Millennium When I was a graduate student in Oxford many years ago, I shared a house with a brilliant German sinologist (汉学家). Many visitors would pop into our house, and one night around the kitchen table I met a(n) 1 character. His name was David Hawkes. A(n) 2 linguist, he directed Japanese codebreakers in his early twenties, during World War II. Later, as a teacher, he did wonderful translation of Songs of the South (楚辞), part of a poetic tradition earlier than anything that has 3 in the West. Then he became a professor of Chinese at Oxford, but, as he put it, “I resigned in order to 4 my time to translating a Chinese novel…Well, the Chinese novel.” The book was Dream of the Red Chamber, written by Cao Xueqin. British 5 Anthony West wrote in The New Yorkerin 1958 that the novel is to Chinese literature “very much what The Brothers Karamazov is to Russian and Remembrance of Things Past is to French literature” and that “it is 6 one of the great novels of all literature.” Hawkes eventually completed his great endeavor, with the help of his son-in-law John Minford, who 7 the last two volumes of the five, which were published by Penguin between 1973 and 1986. Hawkes’ translation was 8 as an introduction to a “masterpiece”. Dream of the Red Chamber was written in the 1750s “by a great artist with his very lifeblood,” said Hawkes. It is full of 9 detail of the social, cultural and spiritual life of the time. Studying it for non-Chinese readers has never perhaps been more useful. At a time when 10 of Chinese culture and identity is increasingly necessary because of the country’s new international role, getting insights into the heart of Chinese culture through a novel 11 recognized as one of the most influential produced in the Chinese language would seem as uncontroversial statement. Cao’s work while seen as essentially local and Chinese, is about 12 and the nature of human experience. That transcends the 13 of a particular language and context in which the novel is set. The book as it stands in the Penguin version runs to 2500 pages — twice as long as War and Peace. 14 at first because of the large number of characters and their difficult names (to a non-Chinese reader). But once you are into it, it is a book into which the reader can completely 15 themselves; it is like anything else in all of literature. 1．A．arrogant B．fascinating C．humorous D．responsible 2．A．decisive B．frustrated C．generous D．talented 3．A．copied B．launched C．revised D．survived 4．A．addict B．devote C．expose D．reduce 5．A．critic B．critical C．criticism D．criticize 6．A．beyond question B．in doubt C．in question D．out of the question 7．A．gathered B．bought C．sold D．translated 8．A．approved B．appointed C．elected D．greeted 9．A．boring B．fake C．imaginary D．incredible 10．A．appreciation B．definition C．determination D．opposition 11．A．barely B．critically C．specially D．universally 12．A．humanity B．modernity C．personality D．sincerity 13．A．boundaries B．circles C．perspectives D．spaces 14．A．Never-ending B．Hard-going C．Labor-saving D．Record-breaking 15．A．change B．immerse C．persuade D．reduce 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．B 5．A 6．A 7．D 8．D 9．D 10．A 11．D 12．A 13．A 14．B 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了David Hawkes和其女婿共同翻译了中国古典小说——《红楼梦》，并介绍了阅读该小说的意义等。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多客人会突然来到我们家，有一天晚上，在厨房的桌子旁，我遇到了一个迷人的人物。A. arrogant傲慢的；B. fascinating迷人的；C. humorous幽默的；D. responsible负责任的。根据下文描述可知，这位客人才华横溢，非常有吸引力。故选B。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一名极有天赋的语言学家，他在二战期间20岁出头的时候指导了日本密码的破译工作。A. decisive决定性的；B. frustrated沮丧的；C. generous慷慨的；D. talented有天赋的。根据下文“he directed Japanese codebreakers in his early twenties, during World War II.”可知，David Hawkes帮助破译密码，由此可知，David Hawkes是个很有天赋的语言学家。故选D。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，作为一名教师，他翻译了《楚辞》，这是西方诗歌传统的一部分，比任何幸存下来的东西都要早。A. copied复制；B. launched发射；C. revised校订；D. survived幸存。根据空前的“earlier”可知，这里指的是比西方传统的诗歌都要早，而这些诗歌则是从过去幸存下来的。故选D。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，他成为牛津大学的中文教授，但正如他所说，“我辞职是为了把时间花在翻译一部中国小说上……嗯，是中国小说。”A. addict使……上瘾；B. devote致力；C. expose揭露；D. reduce减少。根据句意可知，本句指的是David Hawkes辞职的目的是为了翻译一部中国小说。短语：devote…to doing sth.，意为“投入……做某事”。故选B。 5．考查词性辨析辨析。句意：英国评论家Anthony West于1958年在《纽约时报》上写道，这部小说之于中国文学，“就像《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》之于俄罗斯文学，《追忆似水年华》之于法国文学”，“毫无疑问，它是所有文学作品中最伟大的小说之一”。A. critic评论家；B. critical批评的；C. criticism批评；D. criticize批评。根据下文“Anthony West”可知，这里指的是一个评论家。故选A。 6．考查短语词义辨析。句意：英国评论家Anthony West于1958年在《纽约时报》上写道，这部小说之于中国文学，“就像《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》之于俄罗斯文学，《追忆似水年华》之于法国文学”，“毫无疑问，它是所有文学作品中最伟大的小说之一”。A. beyond question毫无疑问；B. in doubt怀疑；C. in question正在考虑中；D. out of the question不可能。根据上文“the novel is to Chinese literature “very much what The Brothers Karamazov is to Russian and Remembrance of Things Past is to French literature”可知，他认为这部小说是非常伟大的小说。故选A。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最终在他的女婿John Minford的帮助下，Hawkes完成了他的伟大努力，并于1973年至1986年由企鹅出版社出版，他的女婿翻译了五卷中的最后两卷。A. gathered聚集；B. bought买；C. sold卖；D. translated翻译。根据上文可知，Hawkes辞职是为了完成《红楼梦》的翻译。由此判断，他的女婿翻译了最后两卷。故选D。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Hawkes的翻译被视为一部“杰作”的开端。A. approved同意；B. appointed委派；C. elected选举；D. greeted问候。根据上文可知，Hawkes认为《红楼梦》的艺术价值极高，而他的翻译也被视作是这部小说进入西方文化的开端。考查短语：be greeted as，意为“被视作……”。故选D。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它充满了当时社会、文化和精神生活的令人难以置信的细节。A. boring无聊的；B. fake假的；C. imaginary想象中的；D. incredible难以置信的。根据上文“Dream of the Red Chamber was written in the 1750s “by a great artist with his very lifeblood,” said Hawkes.”可知，Hawkes认为作者曹雪芹是一位伟大的艺术家，这部小说倾注了作者毕生的心血，由此判断，书中的细节都真实地令人难以置信。故选D。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于中国新的国际角色，对中国文化和身份的了解越来越有必要，通过一部被普遍认为最具影响力的中文小说之一，深入了解中国文化的核心，似乎是一个无可争议的声明。A. appreciation了解；B. definition下定义；C. determination决心；D. opposition反对。根据下文“because of the country’s new international role”可推断，中国在国际上的地位正在上升，所以对中国文化和身份的了解非常有必要。故选A。 11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：由于中国新的国际角色，对中国文化和身份的欣赏越来越有必要，通过一部被普遍认为最具影响力的中文小说之一，深入了解中国文化的核心，似乎是一个无可争议的声明。A. barely几乎不；B. critically批评性地；C. specially尤其；D. universally普遍地。根据常理推测，《红楼梦》被人们普遍认为是最具影响力的中文小说。故选D。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：曹雪芹的作品虽然被认为本质上是本地的和中国的，但却是关于人性和人类经验的本质。A. humanity人性；B. modernity现代化；C. personality个性；D. sincerity真诚。根据空后“the nature of human experience”可知，空处内容与之相似，指的是关于人类经验的本质，根据《红楼梦》的内容可知，该小说还讲述了人性。故选A。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这超越了小说所处的特定语言和语境的界限。A. boundaries边界；B. circles圆圈；C. perspectives看法；D. spaces空间。根据空前的“transcend”以及空后“a particular language and context in which the novel is set.”可知，本句指的是超越了小说所处的语言和语境的界限。故选A。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一开始很难，因为大量的人物和他们的名字很难(对非中文读者)。A. Never-ending不停的；B. Hard-going难以进行；C. Labor-saving省工的；D. Record-breaking破纪录的。根据空后“because of the large number of characters and their difficult names (to a non-Chinese reader).”可知，由于《红楼梦》中大量人物和其名字，所以非中文读者一开始阅读的时候会有点困难。故选B。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，一旦你进入其中，这是一本读者可以完全沉浸其中的书；它就像所有文学作品中的其他作品一样。A. change改变；B. immerse使沉浸（于）；C. persuade劝服；D. reduce减少。根据上文“once you are into it”可知，此处指的是读者沉浸在书本之中。故选B。 话题5 个人成长 Passage 1 My mom was a nurse and often took me along to visit the families she was caring for. Among them was a woman who had a(n) ____1____ disease and was always lying on the bed. One afternoon, my mom told me that we needed to ____2____ the woman at her home to ____3____ treatment, and we would stop at a store on the way. I thought we would stop at a ____4____ store, but we pulled up to a ____5____. My mom headed to the make-up counter and bought the most expensive bottle of ____6____ they offered. She also bought a ____7____ nightdress. When I asked my mom who these things were for, she said they were for her patient. My mom further explained that although this woman was older and unable to ____8____ her bed, she was still a lady, and she ____9____ dignity and beauty. She explained to me that when we care for someone, we ____10____ the disability or the illness and we look into the ____11____ of the human so we can connect with them with sympathy. I ____12____ realized that my mom’s great strengths were caring for the very young and the very old, those who cannot ____13____ themselves and need trustworthy care providers. I knew in 9th grade I would become a ____14____. Today, I work as a clinical psychologist, and I’m not ____15____ that I find my practice filled with patients who are very young and very old. 1. A. common B. serious C. rare D. active 2. A. study B. search C. persuade D. visit 3. A. help with B. respond to C. require D. get 4. A. fruit B. clothing C. drug D. specialty 5. A. garage B. restaurant C. factory D. supermarket 6. A. wine B. perfume C. juice D. milk 7. A. comfortable B. strange C. useful D. beautiful 8. A. approach B. make C. leave D. touch 9. A. managed B. deserved C. challenged D. requested 10. A. look for B. look at C. look up D. look past 11. A. courage B. future C. soul D. development 12. A. even B. soon C. never D. again 13. A. prepare for B. leave behind C. look after D. give up 14. A. writer B. doctor C. chemist D. patient 15. A. surprised B. pleased C. positive D. silent 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. D 11. C 12. B 13. C 14. B 15. A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了妈妈带作者去看望一位患病卧床的女士，途中去超市买了香水和漂亮睡裙，作者由此受到启发决定将来成为一名医生并最终实现。 【1题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其中有一位女士患有一种严重的疾病，总是躺在床上。A. common常见的；B. serious严重的；C. rare罕见的；D. active活跃的。根据后文“and was always lying on the bed”可知，这位女士总是躺在床上，说明她患的病很严重。故选B项。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天下午，妈妈告诉我我们需要去那位女士家里看望她并帮助她进行治疗，而且我们会在路上停在一家商店。A. study学习；B. search搜索；C. persuade说服；D. visit看望。根据前文“My mom was a nurse and often took me along to visit the families she was caring for.”可知，妈妈经常带作者去看望她照顾的人，所以这里是去看望那位女士。故选D项。 【3题详解】 考查动词单词和短语辨析。句意：一天下午，妈妈告诉我我们需要去那位女士家里看望她并帮助她进行治疗，而且我们会在路上停在一家商店。A. help with帮助做某事；B. respond to回应；C. require要求；D. get得到。根据前文“My mom was a nurse”可知，妈妈是护士，护士的职责是帮助病人治疗，所以这里是帮助女士进行治疗。故选A项。 【4题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我以为我们会在一家药店停下来，但我们把车停在了一家超市。A. fruit水果；B. clothing衣服；C. drug药；D. specialty特色商品。根据前文“One afternoon, my mom told me that we needed to ____ the woman at her home to help with treatment”可知，因为要去帮助病人治疗，所以作者以为会去药店买治疗相关的药品。故选C项。 【5题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我以为我们会在一家药店停下来，但我们把车停在了一家超市。A. garage车库；B. restaurant餐厅；C. factory工厂；D. supermarket超市。根据后文“My mom headed to the make-up counter and bought the most expensive bottle of ____ they offered”可知，妈妈去了化妆品柜台，化妆品柜台一般在超市，所以停车的地方是超市。故选D项。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：妈妈走向化妆品柜台，买了他们所提供的最贵的一瓶香水。A. wine酒；B. perfume香水；C. juice果汁；D. milk牛奶。根据前文“the make-up counter”和“the most expensive bottle of”可推知，在化妆品柜台买的应该是一瓶香水。故选B项。 【7题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她还买了一件漂亮的睡裙。A. comfortable舒适的；B. strange奇怪的；C. useful有用的；D. beautiful漂亮的。根据后文“she was still a lady, and she ____ dignity and beauty”可知，妈妈认为这位女士需要尊严和美丽，所以买的睡裙应该是漂亮的。故选D项。 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：妈妈进一步解释说，虽然这位女士年纪大了，不能离开她的床，但她仍然是一位女士。A. approach接近；B. make制作；C. leave离开；D. touch触摸。根据前文“and was always lying on the bed”可知，这位女士总是躺在床上，不能离开床。故选C项。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她仍然是一位女士，她值得拥有尊严和美丽。A. managed管理；B. deserved值得；C. challenged挑战；D. requested要求。根据前文“although this woman was older and unable to ____ her bed, she was still a lady”可知，即使女士年老且卧床，但她还是女士，结合常识和后文“dignity and beauty”可推知，女士值得拥有尊严和美丽。故选B项。 【10题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：她向我解释说，当我们照顾某人时，我们要忽略残疾或疾病，我们要看到人的灵魂，这样我们才能带着同情与他们建立联系。A. look for寻找；B. look at看；C. look up查阅；D. look past忽略。根据前文“she was still a lady, and she ____ dignity and beauty”可知，作者的妈妈把病人视为正常人，说明她忽略了他们的残疾或疾病。故选D项。 【11题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她向我解释说，当我们照顾某人时，我们要忽略残疾或疾病，我们要看到人的灵魂，这样我们才能带着同情与他们建立联系。A. courage勇气；B. future未来；C. soul灵魂；D. development发展。根据前文“she was still a lady, and she ____ dignity and beauty”和后文“so we can connect with them with sympathy”可推知，要带着同情与病人建立联系，要看到他们的灵魂。故选C项。 【12题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我很快意识到妈妈的最大优点是照顾非常年幼和非常年老的人，那些不能照顾自己、需要值得信赖的照顾者的人。A. even甚至；B. soon很快；C. never从不；D. again再次。根据前文妈妈解释照顾病人要忽略疾病看到灵魂等内容，作者在听了妈妈的话后很快就意识到了妈妈的优点。故选B项。 【13题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我很快意识到妈妈的最大优点是照顾非常年幼和非常年老的人，那些不能照顾自己、需要值得信赖的照顾者的人。A. prepare for为……做准备；B. leave behind留下；C. look after照顾；D. give up放弃。根据前文“the very young and the very old”可知，年幼和年老的人不能照顾自己。故选C项。 【14题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在九年级的时候就知道我会成为一名医生。A. writer作家；B. doctor医生；C. chemist化学家；D. patient病人。根据后文“Today, I work as a clinical psychologist”可知，作者决定成为一名医生并实现了愿望。故选B项。 【15题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如今，我是一名临床心理学家，我并不惊讶我的诊所里满是非常年幼和非常年老的病人。A. surprised惊讶的；B. pleased高兴的；C. positive积极的；D. silent沉默的。根据前文“I realized that my mom’s great strengths were caring for the very young and the very old”可知，作者意识到妈妈擅长照顾年幼和年老的人，自己受妈妈影响成为医生，所以诊所里有很多年幼和年老的病人作者并不惊讶。故选A项。 Passage 2 Dashing through a Boston grocery store, I hurried to pick up flowers for a crucial date — one I couldn’t afford to be late for. At the checkout, a（an）____1____ woman ahead of me unloaded her groceries unhurriedly.____2____ my rising impatience, I offered a warm smile, unaware this brief ____3____ would shape my future. “You must be buying these for someone____4____,” she remarked, ____5____ the flowers in my hands. I ____6____ my nerves, jokingly voicing self-doubt about why my date would choose me. She ____7____ me gently, sharing how her late husband had always brought her flowers weekly, even during ____8____ when money was tight. “Those small gestures were ____9____ — they made every day feel special,” she said, a flicker of sadness in her eyes. As she ____10____ her shopping bags, an unexpected ____11____ struck me: I should give her the flowers. “You’re right — these are for a very special lady,” I said,____12____ the flowers to her. Her face lit up with surprise, and she thanked me _____13_____, “You’ve made my day.” I arrived at my date slightly late, but my girlfriend was ____14____ by the story. Years later, when I finally worked up the courage to propose, she revealed this act of kindness had been influential in her decision. My simple gesture had not only ____15____ the old woman’s evening but also strengthened a bond that would last a lifetime. 1. A. young B. elderly C. familiar D. lonely 2. A. In terms of B. Regardless of C. In response to D. Instead of 3. A. encounter B. accident C. project D. highlight 4. A. desperate B. extraordinary C. common D. modest 5. A. anticipating B. stuffing C. wrapping D. eyeing 6. A. denied B. hid C. admitted D. ignored 7. A. justified B. criticized C. comforted D. avoided 8. A. times B. terms C. efforts D. exhibitions 9. A. subjective B. permanent C. minor D. fundamental 10. A. gathered B. opened C. purchased D. packed 11. A. trick B. idea C. idiom D. dream 12. A. pushing B. throwing C. handing D. sending 13. A. coldly B. casually C. politely D. sincerely 14. A. astonished B. confused C. impressed D. annoyed 15. A. consumed B. boosted C. brightened D. depressed 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. A 11. B 12. C 13. D 14. C 15. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者匆忙去波士顿杂货店为重要约会购买鲜花，在结账时遇到一位年长女士，与其交谈后，作者将鲜花送给她，这一善举不仅让老人开心，也在日后对作者的感情发展产生了重要影响。 【1题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在收银台，我前面一位年长的女士不紧不慢地卸下她购买的杂货。A. young年轻的；B. elderly年长的，上了年纪的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. lonely孤独的。根据下文“the old woman可知，作者的前面是一位年长的女士。 故选B。 【2题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：尽管我越来越不耐烦，我还是报以温暖的微笑。A. In terms of就…… 而言；B. Regardless of不管，不顾；C. In response to对…… 作出反应；D. Instead of代替，而不是。结合上文 “Dashing through a Boston grocery store, I hurried to pick up flowers for a crucial date — one I couldn’t afford to be late for.”可知，作者很着急，很不耐烦，尽管不耐烦，还是报以温暖的微笑。 故选B。 【3题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我没有意识到这次短暂的相遇会塑造我的未来。A. encounter相遇，邂逅；B. accident事故；C. project项目；D. highlight亮点。根据上文“At the checkout, a（an） ____ elderly woman ahead of me unloaded her groceries unhurriedly.”可知，这里描述的是作者和老太太在超市收银台的这次相遇 。故选A。 【4题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“你一定是为某个特别的人买这些花的”她看着我手中的花说道。A. desperate绝望的；B. extraordinary特别的，非凡的；C. common普通的；D. modest谦虚的。根据下文“You’re right — these are for a very special lady”可知，作者是为一位特别的人买花。 故选B。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你一定是为某个特别的人买这些花的”她看着我手中的花说道。A. anticipating预料；B. stuffing塞满；C. wrapping包裹；D. eyeing看着，注视。根据“the flowers in my hands.”可知，老太太说话时应该是看着作者手中的花。 故选D。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我承认自己很紧张，开玩笑地表示自己不明白为什么约会对象会选择我。A. denied否认；B. hid隐藏；C. admitted承认；D. ignored忽视。根据下文“my nerves, jokingly voicing self-doubt about why my date would choose me”可知，作者承认了自己内心的紧张和不安。 故选C。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她温柔地安慰我，分享她已故的丈夫总是每周给她送花，甚至在经济拮据的时候。A. justified证明…… 有理；B. criticized批评；C. comforted 安慰；D. avoided避免。根据下文“sharing how her late husband had always brought her flowers weekly” 可知，她是在安慰作者 。故选C。 【8题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她温柔地安慰我，分享她已故的丈夫总是每周给她送花，甚至在经济拮据的时候。A. times时候，时期；B. terms条款；C. efforts努力；D. exhibitions展览。根据下文“when money was tight”可知，描述的是一个时期。 故选 A。 【9题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那些小小的举动是至关重要的 —— 它们让每一天都感觉很特别，她说，眼中闪过一丝悲伤。A. subjective 主观的；B. permanent永久的；C. minor较小的；D. fundamental基本的，至关重要的。根据下文“they made every day feel special”可知，老人认为这些小举动意义重大、至关重要。 故选D。 【10题详解】 考查动词词义辨析，句意：当她收拾她的购物袋时，一个意想不到的想法突然出现在我脑海中：我应该把花送给她。A. gathered收集，收拾；B. opened打开；C. purchased购买；D. packed打包（一般指为旅行等打包物品）。这里表示老太太在结账后收拾自己的购物袋。故选A。 【11题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. trick诡计；B. idea想法；C. idiom习语；D. dream梦想。根据下文“I should give her the flowers”可知，这是作者突然产生一个想法。 故选 B。 【12题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你说得对 —— 这些花是送给一位非常特别的女士的，” 我说着，把花递给了她。A. pushing推；B. throwing扔；C. handing递给；D. sending发送。根据上文“give her the flowers”可知，作者决定把花送给老太太，应该是把花递给她。 故选C。 【13题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：她的脸上露出惊喜的神情，她真诚地感谢我，“你让我这一天都很开心。”A. coldly冷漠地；B. casually随意地；C. politely礼貌地；D. sincerely真诚地。根据下文“You’ve made my day.”可知，老太太很感动，是真诚地感谢作者。 故选D。 【14题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我到达约会地点时有点晚了，但我的女朋友被这个故事打动了。A. astonished惊讶的；B. confused困惑的；C. impressed印象深刻的，被打动的；D. annoyed恼怒的。根据下文 “Years later, when I finally worked up the courage to propose, she revealed this act of kindness had been influential in her decision.”可知，女朋友被这个故事打动了。 故选C。 【15题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我这个简单的善举不仅使老人的夜晚快乐，也巩固了一段将持续一生的关系。A. consumed消耗；B. boosted促进；C. brightened照亮，使快乐；D. depressed使沮丧。根据上文“You’ve made my day.”可知，作者送花的举动让老人很开心，老人的夜晚变得快乐 。故选C。 Passage 3 It was a jam-packed day for young Justin. While his hot dog stand in his hometown did well on a daily basis, that day was ___1___. It was full of customers, and he was ___2___ to keep up. As Justin served a man with three hot dogs with extra sauces and got ___3___ with the next one, he noticed an old woman pushing her way through the ___4___ to get to his counter. “Excuse me, son. How much would a hot dog be?” she asked, looking at him. “That___5___ what you want, ma’am. They range from $3 to $7. Checkout the menu and let me know what you want,” he replied. Before walking away, she mumbled(嘟哝)looking at the ___6___. “It’s alright. I am just curious how much they cost. I don’t want any.” Justin noticed she went away and sat alone on a bench across from his stand. She kept looking in his ___7___ When he realized she wanted hot dogs but couldn’t ___8___ them, he felt bad for her, so he quickly collected some hot dogs and brought them to her. “I must ___9___, ma’am. I was in such a(n)___10___ that I forgot to tell you that you’re our 50th customer of the day, so you. can get some ___11___ hot dogs!” he said. “I’m Justin. Please let me know how you like them!” The old lady said, “I really ___12___ them. Thank you. I’m Emily. You put something in them, didn’t you? They’re different from ___13___ hot dogs.” Then she took another bite. Justin grinned(露齿而笑)and said, “I love cooking, so I keep trying different things with my food. My mum was also a fantastic cook who ___14___ her own recipes for her secret sauces. I’m glad to hear that!” Then he hurried away. Justin smiled as he watched her ___15___ eat from a distance, feeling pleased to have helped the old woman. 1. A. familiar B. boring C. worrying D. different 2. A. continuing B. refusing C. struggling D. volunteering 3. A. strict B. busy C. careful D. impatient 4. A. crowd B. staff C. rain D. mud 5. A. cares about B. looks for C. reacts to D. depends on 6. A. customers B. tables C. prices D. sauces 7. A. performance B. direction C. situation D. technique 8. A. afford B. offer C. order D. manage 9. A. promise B. learn C. admit D. apologize 10. A. mood B. age C. rush D. emergency 11. A. nutritious B. free C. normal D. ready 12. A. appreciate B. expect C. accept D. donate 13. A. frozen B. instant C. special D. regular 14. A. saved B. guided C. created D. shared 15. A. joyfully B. awkwardly C. quietly D. rapidly 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. C 11. B 12. A 13. D 14. C 15. A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Justin经营着一个热狗摊，这天遇到了一位买不起热狗的老妇人，于是Justin把热狗免费送给对方吃的故事。 【1题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然他在家乡的热狗摊每天都卖得很好，但那天却不一样。A. familiar熟悉的；B. boring无聊的；C. worrying令人担心的；D. different不同的。根据上文“While his hot dog stand in his hometown did well on a daily basis, that day was”中while引导让步状语从句，表示转折，说明虽然他在家乡的热狗摊每天都卖得很好，但那天却不一样。故选D。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：店里挤满了顾客，他努力跟上。A. continuing继续；B. refusing拒绝；C. struggling努力；D. volunteering志愿做。根据后文“to keep up”可知，店里顾客很多，他在努力服务顾客，故选C。 【3题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当贾斯汀给一个男人端上三份加了额外酱汁的热狗，正忙着下一份热狗时，他注意到一位老妇人从人群中挤到他的柜台前。A. strict严格的；B. busy忙碌的；C. careful仔细的；D. impatient无耐心的。根据后文“with the next one”以及上文“It was full of customers”提到了店里客人很多，所以是忙着做下一份热狗了，故选B。 【4题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当贾斯汀给一个男人端上三份加了额外酱汁的热狗，正忙着下一份热狗时，他注意到一位老妇人从人群中挤到他的柜台前。A. crowd人群；B. staff员工；C. rain雨；D. mud泥。根据上文“It was full of customers”可知顾客很多，所以一位老妇人从人群中挤到他的柜台前。故选A。 【5题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：那要看你想要什么了，太太。A. cares about关心；B. looks for寻找；C. reacts to作出反应；D. depends on依靠。根据后文“They range from $3 to $7. Checkout the menu and let me know what you want(价格从3美元到7美元不等。看看菜单，然后告诉我你想吃什么)”可知，价格不等，取决于老妇人要吃多少钱的，故选D。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：走开之前，她看着价格喃喃自语。A. customers顾客；B. tables桌子；C. prices价格；D. sauces调味酱。根据后文“I am just curious how much they cost.(我只是好奇它们值多少钱)”可知，老妇人是看着价格喃喃自语。故选C。 【7题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她一直朝他的方向看。A. performance表演；B. direction方向；C. situation情况；D. technique技术。根据上文“Justin noticed she went away and sat alone on a bench across from his stand.(贾斯汀注意到她走开了，独自坐在他摊位对面的长凳上)”可知，老妇人坐在摊位对面，一直朝贾斯汀的方向看。故选B。 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他意识到她想要热狗但买不起时，他为她感到难过，所以他迅速拿了一些热狗并带给她。A. afford买得$