考前押题06 选词填空（期中复习专项训练）高一英语下学期沪教版

考前押题06 选词填空题 话题1 心理健康 话题4 风俗文化 话题2 研究发现 话题5 人与社会 话题3 人工智能 话题6 自然生态 话题1 心理健康 Passage 1 A．apply    B．broadly    C．complicated    D．downside    E．hardly    F．neighbors G．overburdened    H．pills    I．re-labeling    J．turning    K．worse Britain appears to be in a mental-health crisis. In the past decade no European country has seen a greater increase in the use of antidepressants(抗抑郁药); now only the Portuguese and Icelanders are popping more of the 1 . Around 4.5m Britons were in contact with mental-health services in 2021-22, a rise of almost l m in five years. There are a few reasons why Britons might be unhappier than their 2 . One global poll found that teenagers in Britain were some of the loneliest in the world, with few supportive relationships and a low sense of purpose and meaning: all risk factors for poor mental health. Britain’s poorest households are also 3 off than their equivalents in France and Germany, for example, which makes them more vulnerable to conditions such as anxiety and depression. And Britain’s health system can seem more 4 than those in most other rich countries. In England alone, some 3.8 m are waiting for mental-health treatment. Those factors might explain why more people are 5 to medication. Another reason is increased awareness. Campaigns around depression and anxiety have been particularly successful in Britain. That is 6 a good thing. A reduction in humiliation (蒙羞) has encouraged more people to seek help. Taking antidepressants – or using mental-health services — has become much more acceptable. But there is a 7 to this, as The Economist recently reported. Surveys suggest that Britons are increasingly 8 common human emotions, such as stress and grief, as mental illnesses. “You’re going to lose any sense of what mental illness is if you start to 9 it to 30%, 50% of the population,” says Adrian Massey, author of a book called “Sick-Note Britain”. For all the focus on anxiety and depression in campaigns, severe mental illnesses still receive too little attention. This is a problem: according to the GBD, Britain has the highest rates of severe mental illness in Europe. The causes of such conditions are unclear, but seem to involve a 10 interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Illegal drug misuse, for which Britain has among the highest rates in the region, also plays a role. Passage 2 A. typically B. inevitable C. transmission D. circulating E. identified F. symptoms G. hospitable H. landscape I. unusually J. emerged K. signals The emergence of the deadly Usutu virus in the UK, which is devastating blackbird populations, serves as a stark warning that mosquito-borne diseases are gaining a foothold in the country, a trend significantly driven by a warming climate. This development not only threatens wildlife but also ____1____ a growing potential risk to human health. Originating in South Africa in 1959, the Usutu virus has become widespread across Europe and was first ____2____ in the UK in 2020. Its impact has been severe, with blackbird numbers in hotspots like London dropping by over 40% since 2018. As ornithologist (鸟类学家) Hugh Hanmer notes, this dramatic decline was directly correlated with the virus’s arrival. While Usutu itself poses a relatively low risk to people —____3____ causing only mild, flu-like symptoms—its establishment in the UK is a significant milestone. It marks the first time a mosquito-borne virus capable of jumping from animals to humans has ____4____ within the country’s local animal populations. This makes it a crucial case study for virologists (病毒学家), providing a template for how other, more dangerous viruses might spread. The primary concern is West Nile virus, a close relative of Usutu. Both viruses share the same ____5____ method, environmental requirements, and hosts. The same mosquito species that carry Usutu can transmit West Nile, and the same birds act as reservoirs for both. This parallel is alarming because West Nile is far more dangerous to humans. While only about 20% of infected people show ____6____, these can include severe fever, headache, and vomiting, and in rare cases, the infection can be fatal. There is no human vaccine. Climate change is the key accelerator in this story. Warmer summer temperatures have facilitated the northward spread of West Nile through Europe. The Netherlands offers a worrying precedent: Usutu was detected there in 2016, and West Nile virus followed just four years later. UK officials fear a similar pattern, as studies confirm the nation’s climate is becoming increasingly ____7____ to these viruses. In response, the UK’s Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA) launched a tracking program in 2023 to monitor Usutu and other viruses in wild birds. This surveillance (监视) infrastructure is vital, aiming to detect viruses ____8____ in animals before they spill over into the human population. Experts like Reina Sikkema in Rotterdam believe a UK detection of West Nile is now almost ____9____. While cooler climates may currently keep it in check, rising temperatures, particularly warmer nights, could create the perfect conditions for it to flare up in the coming years, changing the public health ____10____ of northern Europe. Passage 3 A. fuel B. included C. intensified D. invisibility E. isolated F. means G. practically H. risk I. seemingly J. striking K. updates Does Group Chat Make You Feel Bad? I’m in a meeting when my phone starts to flash with notices and messages constantly stream in. While the meeting is important, I’m distracted and eager to pick up the phone. Is it a new job announcement from a friend? Has something terrible happened? My anxiety is ____1____ as new messages mount, and I’m praying this meeting ends sooner. This is a typical emotional change of being a modern group chat member, and I’m not alone. Starting as a new ____2____ for long-distance connection with multiple friends, group chats have become the common way we stay in touch. According to a recent research project, an average adult in Britain is part of 83 group chats — a(n) ____3____ situation highlighting how over connected people are. But why exactly do they cause such negative emotions? “When I see tons of messages coming through, I get stressed that I may lose track of ____4____ if I don’t check them from time to time. Or I worry I’ve said something wrong,” says one interviewee, “Not joining in a group chat may in some way ____5____ our pressure, because then you’ll get loads to catch up on.” There’s a lack of real connection too. “Group chats can make us feel surrounded, yet still somehow on the outside,” says Abby Rawlinson, a psychologist, “If you know everyone’s chatting and you’re not part of the flow, it arouses the ache of ____6____ .” However the darker side of a group chat occurs when things go from lighthearted jokes to ____7____ harmless comments causing the wildfire of negativity. “FOMO [fear of missing out] in group chats is real,” says another interviewee, “If you’re added to a smaller group chat without a certain friend, that implies the friend has been ____8____ for a certain reason. No one in the new chat group intends to hurt others, but somehow, gossip about that friend later appears, indicating that leaving group chats equals the ____9____ of being talked about behind your back.” “The emotional politics of a group chat are the dynamics that shape how seen, ____10____ or valued we feel,” says Rawlinson, “Over time, these patterns start to mirror real-life social system and cause misunderstanding.” 话题2 研究发现 Passage 1 A.delicate B.notable C.orbits D.outshines E.phase F.row G.seasonal H.shifts I.sight J.successively K.sustainably A Rare Season of Supermoons This fall, something special will appear in the night sky: every full moon will look slightly bigger and brighter than usual. This is because the last three months of 2025 will bring a rare series of supermoons in a __1____. A supermoon happens when the moon's full ____2____occurs at the point in its path closest to Earth. On October 6, November 5, and December 4, skywatchers will see the “harvest,” "beaver," and “cold” moons all rise as supermoons. This three-month stretch is unusual and offers a beautiful ____3_____for anyone who loves observing the night sky. What Makes a Moon “Super”? The moon does not follow a perfect circular route. Instead, it ___4_______ Earth in an oval (椭圆的) path. As a result, there are times each month when the moon is slightly closer to Earth, called perigee, and times when it is farther away, called apogee. At perigee, the moon is about 356,000 kilometers from Earth, while at apogee it can be more than 406,000 kilometers away. When a full moon happens at perigee, we see a supermoon. It throws a brilliance that ___5_____ an average full moon and fills the sky with quiet wonder. In fact, a supermoon can look up to 14 percent bigger and 30 percent brighter than the smallest full moon of the year. To the naked eye, the change may be ____6_____, but photographs show a clear and impressive difference. Why There Will Be Three in Succession Contrary to what their name might suggest, supermoons occur with ___7_____ frequency, often appearing multiple times within a single year. However, having three back-to-back ones is uncommon. This happens because the timing of the moon's perigee slowly ____8_______compared with its full moon, completing a cycle about every fourteen months. In 2025, that timing will line up perfectly to produce three supermoons. ______9_____The pattern will even continue into early 2026, with another supermoon expected on January 3. The Meaning of the Moon Names Many traditional moon names come from ___10______ life and cultural customs. The "harvest moon” in October, for example, was named because its bright light helped farmers work late into the night during the final harvest season before winter. Passage 2 A．technical   B．attributed   C． confined   D．observations   E. sensation   F. totaling   G. anticipatory H. consistent   I. precisely   J. suspicious   K. attached For centuries, people have described unusual animal behavior just ahead of seismic (地震的) events: dogs barking endlessly, cows halting their milk, toads leaping from ponds. A few researchers have tried to prove a link, but most such attempts have relied largely on anecdotes and single 1 . Now researchers at the University of Konstanz, along with a multinational team of colleagues, say they have managed to 2 measure increased activity in a group of farm animals prior to seismic activity. During separate periods 3 about four months in 2016 and 2017, the researchers 4 these highly sensitive biologgers and GPS sensors, which can record accelerated movements in any direction, to six cows, five sheep and two dogs living on a farm in an earthquake-prone area of northern Italy to keep track of the activities and the nervousness of animals. “Only now can we do continuous biologging,” says study co-author Martin Wikelski. “Because the 5 possibilities are finally there.” The paper’s statistical analysis showed animals’ activity significantly increased before magnitude 3.8 or greater earthquakes when they were housed together in a stable — but not when they were out to pasture (吃草). Wikelski says this difference could be linked to the increased stress some animals feel in 6 spaces. Analyzing the increased movements as a whole, the researchers claim, showed a clear signal of 7 behavior hours ahead of tremors. Besides, it showed that the farm animals appeared to anticipate quakes anywhere from one to 20 hours ahead, reacting earlier when they were closer to the origin and later when they were farther away. This finding is 8 with a hypothesis that animals somehow sense a signal that spreads outward. It holds that in the days before an earthquake, shifting tectonic plates (地壳板块) squeeze rocks along a fault line, causing the rocks to release minerals that force ions into the air, and then the animals react to this novel 9 . Not involved with the new study, Wendy Bohon, a geologist from Washington, D．C．, is 10 of the air ionization idea. Heiko Woith, a geologist at GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences, says the time frame was still too short and points out that limited data collection in many studies makes it impossible to determine whether a measured signal was related to a quake or was simply noise. Passage 3 A.shifting B.set C.slide D.apply E.fixes F.interplay G.sensitivity H.disrupted I.signals J.decline K.modeled Frequent flyers have a bag of tricks to get over jet lag.Scientists have plenty of suggestions too:from getting a dose of sunlight,melatonin(褪黑素)or a hit of exercise, to staying hydrated, skipping caffeine,and eating at local meal times.While none are guaranteed quick 1 , these tips help our bodies 2 back into their usual internal clocks which course through every organ of the body,controlled by a ‘master clock' in the brain. Now,a team of US researchers modeling those circadian rhythms(昼夜节律)has landed on what they say is the fastest way to shake off jet lag and reset your body clock-a strategy that could 3 to sleepy shift workers too. 　"Having a larger meal in the early morning of the new time zone can help overcome jet lag," says applied mathematician Yitong Huang of Northwestern University in Ilinois, who led the modeling study.“Constantly 4 meal schedules or having a meal at night is discouraged, as it can lead to a mismatch between circadian rhythms.” 　The findings not only echo earlier studies on meal timing,but also extend our understanding of why circadian rhythms 5 with age.Huang and colleagues 6 internal clocks using a suite of mathematical equations,a rough approximation of the human body at best,so they could analyze multiple biological clocks and cues at once,including light exposure and food intake. 　Of particular interest to the researchers were the effects of aging on circadian rhythms.Older folks generally take longer to recover from　jet lag,which might be because their circadian rhythms are more easily 7 or take longer to regroup.Huang and colleagues'　findings reaffirm what has been suggested before from animal studies,about the way circadian rhythms tire with age. 　Weaker 8 from the aging brain's suprachiasmatic nueleus (视交叉上核) led to the body's secondary clocks becoming disorganized,and those clocks took longer to recover from a 6-hour time shift similar to long-distance travel.Reduced 9 to light had a similar effect. 　　　As for food,the teams'　modeling suggests a large,single meal in the early morning for three days can help realign our body clocks after jet lag. "These results highlight the importance of secondary clocks in regulating the circadian rhythms and provide fresh insights into the complex 10 between aging and the resilience of the circadian system,”Huang and colleagues write. 话题3 人工智能 Passage 1 A．accurately  B．craft  C． double-check  D．functions  E. laborious F. narrow G. pools  H. progressively  I. shares  J. tips  K. unlock Ask the right way With the introduction of accessible new AI systems like ChatGPT, travel will never be the same. AI has simplified planning and made it easier to discover new experience. Instead of a march through 1 research, users get similar results with a quick conversation with AI. AI is great for some travel 2 , like generating ideas, highlighting small businesses, and translating languages, but there are tricks to use it well, especially when it comes to traveling. Here’s how to best use AI for travel. Once you have chosen your destinations, 3 your search. AI is skilled at responding to specific interests, whether you’re looking for the best restaurant in an area or designing a five-day travel plan of off-the-beaten-path museums. AI is also useful in finding responses to prompts (提示) like “less crowded” or “underrated.” It is because unlike platforms such as TripAdvisor, the system 4 knowledge from all corners of the web, interprets results to fit your inquires best and then delivers the information in a conversational way. To 5 a good prompt, it’s crucial to ask questions in your native language. AI models can speak and understand many languages, and your grammar matters. The more precise your punctuation (标点) , spelling, and grammar, the more 6 AI will be able to understand you. Finally, always 7 AI’s answers against other sources as cross-referencing its suggestions with trusted platforms adds an extra layer of confidence to your planning. By mastering these 8 you can tap into this powerful generative engine to ensure a safer, better-informed and more satisfying travel experience. Every day, AI is rapidly evolving as more start-ups and companies figure out the best ways to 9 its potential to deliver information using natural language. As the system 10 gets more access to the web, learns what users want, and becomes more “intelligent, ” it will continue to shift travel in unexpected and groundbreaking ways. The future of travel is here. Passage 2 A.analysing B. broader C.consistently D.extends E. launch F.mature G.narrowing H. powered l.shifts J. simply k.warned Talking Like a Machine? Since its late 2022 launch, ChatGPT rapidly gained 100 million users, significantly impacting learning, writing, and work. Researchers now find its influence    11    to unconscious speech patterns, secretly altering spoken language, with words frequently used by the AI becoming more common in everyday conversation. Hiromu Yakura, professor at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development in Berlin, first noticed personal vocabulary    12   , like increased use of “delve” instead of “look for” and “meticulous” rather than “careful”. In his recent study, he pushed investigation into    13    spoken communication. Researchers had previously found that the use of large language models (LLMs), such as those that have    14    ChatGPT, was changing vocabulary choices in written communication, and Yakura and his colleagues wanted to know whether spoken communication was being affected, too. The researchers first used ChatGPT to edit massive numbers of emails, essays, and articles using prompts (指令语) like “polish” or “improve clarity”. They identified words the AI    15    added and labelled them “GPT words”. The team then tracked GPT word frequency by    16    over 360,000 YouTube videos and 771,000 podcast programs from before and after ChatGPT’s release. Results showed a significant increase in GPT words within 18 months after the    17    of ChatGPT. These words affect not just written content but also real - time conversation. “The patterns that are stored in AI technology seem to be conveyed back to the human mind,” said study co - author Levin Brinkmann, also at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development. While adopting AI speech patterns might seem harmless, Brinkmann    18    of deeper risks. Humans naturally imitate languages that sound knowledgeable. As more people view AI as a cultural authority, they may rely on and imitate it,    19    diversity in language. “In this critical moment in the evolution of LLMs, looking at word distribution is the right method to understand how the technology is affecting the way we communicate,” Brinkmann says. “As the models    20   , these distributions are going to be harder to distinguish.” Passage 3 A. addictive B. approaches C. cataloging D. dominated E. encounters F. expanding G. identified H. obstacles I. prospective J. reference K. targets Apps That Bring Art to Life At the Betty Cuningham gallery on the Lower East Side recently, I noticed an arresting painting: a woman asleep by a window with the Empire State Building in view, and a floating fish above her. Fascinated, I opened a smartphone app called Magnus, and within seconds, it ____1____ the piece as Philip Pearlstein’s Model With Empire State Building (1992), priced at $300,000. The app also provided its sales history and saved the details for future ____2____. Magnus is part of a wave of smartphone apps trying to recognize the physical world as a way of providing instant information about songs or clothes or plants or paintings. While Shazam has ____3____ with over a billion downloads, apps like Magnus and Smartify appeal to art enthusiasts by demystifying the art world. Magnus has built a database of more than 10 million images of art, and aims to help ____4____ art buyers navigate art galleries and fairs with little information. Smartify, on the other hand, ____5____ museumgoers, cooperating with institutions to provide educational content and accessibility features like audio guides for users with visual problems. Similarly, Google Lens is ____6____ into art, partnering with museums like San Francisco’s de Young Museum and platforms like Wescover to identify public and local art. However, building a “Shazam for art” faces unique challenges. Unlike music, ____7____ individual artworks is complicated by its sheer volume, copyright issues, and the limitations of image recognition technology, particularly with 3D objects. Despite these ____8____, apps like Magnus bring clarity to a commonly secretive market, helping users navigate galleries and even negotiate prices. After a few weeks of trying out apps-for-art in museums and galleries, I found that they did not increase the quality of my visual ____9____. The app shouldn’t be our sole guide through the visual world. Walking around the New Museum with the Magnus app, I found myself breezing past paintings, not looking too hard at details because the camera was looking for me, and the app knew much more than I did. There was that little ____10____, satisfying click of recognition. It was hard to stop. 话题4 风俗文化 Passage 1 A．ancient    B．decorate    C． mark    D．passage E. rituals    F. slightly     G. specific    H. stages I. symbols    J. traditionally    K. various Celebrating Growth Celebrating another trip around the sun for loved ones is a timeless tradition, but how people celebrate it varies. From enjoying long noodles in China to singing around a cake and candles in America, there are 1 ways to celebrate growth worldwide. An important tradition in Mexican culture is Quinceanera, generally celebrated on a girl’s fifteenth birthday. The celebration is meant to 2 a big step forward in a young girl’s life and is completed with a shining dress and a huge cake. Its similarity to a wedding ceremony is a wish for the girl’s successful 3 into adulthood. In Japan, birthdays aren’t celebrated as often as they are in other countries. Similar to the Chinese, the Japanese 4 . celebrate a person’s turning a year older on New Year’s Day. Similar to birthdays in the Western world, get-togethers might be held. Rather than an official party, young children participate in the 7-5-3 celebration. Children in 5 times often died young, so later when a boy reaches the age of five and a girl three and seven, he or she puts on the finest clothes and gives thanks to gods for health. Africa is made up of many countries or regions, each with its 6 birthday traditions. In one tribe (部落) in Kenya, boys must participate in three traditional 7 which begin at about ages fourteen to sixteen, along with other boys of similar age. To celebrate their graduation to manhood, the tribe usually 8 classic activities such as the Jumping Dance. And in Egypt, family and friends are invited to a party that includes singing and dancing. Flowers and fruit are commonly used to 9 the party. They are gifts from nature and can be seen as 10 of life and growth. Egyptians also have a birthday cake but they do not send birthday cards like people do in America. Passage 2 A．forms  B．present  C． reflected  D．direction  E. works F. dates  G. amazing  H. respect  I. key  J. former  K. factors China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history. There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main 1 has been the Chinese writing system. At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. It 2 back several thousand years to the use of longgu— animal bones and shells (壳) on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. Some of the ancient symbols can still be 3 in today’ s hanzi. By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols had become a well-developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different 4 , as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects (方言) and characters. This, however, changed under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty. Emperor Qinshihuang unified (统一) the seven major states into one country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one 5 . That writing system was 6 to connecting the Chinese people and culture. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing. Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s 7 is connected with its past. People in modern times can read the classic 8 written by the Chinese in ancient times. The high 9 for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture. Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this 10 language. Passage 3 A．constantly        B．concern        C． impact        D．emphasis        E weight F. trendy           G. generation      H. pattern        I. alternative        J. surrounded K. elegantly The Rise of Retro Fashion Do you care about what you wear? Some people are very fashion-conscious, carefully selecting the clothes they buy and how they dress. Fashionistas (时尚达人) always want to be seen in the latest designer gear. But that trend is changing as retro or vintage clothing is becoming a popular and often cheaper 1 . Of course, “vintage” clothing is really second-hand clothing, worn before but given a second life. The fashion industry has rebranded this stuff to make it look 2 and possibly give it a higher price tag. Whereas we may have seen an old faded pair of jeans or a dress with a flower 3 sold at a jumble sale (旧货拍卖会), now we are 4 with boutique and pop-up shops dedicated to the stuff. And in the UK, one supermarket chain has started selling second-hand clothes in some of its stores. According to managing director Steve Lynam, the more people invest in the circular economy and shop vintage, the bigger 5 we will have on climate change. Certainly, buying vintage puts 6 on extending the life of clothing. It cuts down on waste and helps to reduce the environmental damage caused by manufacturing new clothes. It’s also led to the rise of retro-fashion-items that your mum or dad wore decades ago that now look 7 cool again! It’s a big thing with younger people and has been helped by the rise of platforms like Depop and Vinted, which sell “worn” clothes online. As lanina Lucca, Senior Vice President at Depop explained: “The new 8 is looking to make choices that reduce their impact on the environment, with 77% of Gen Z saying that their biggest environmental 9 being that they want their choices to reduce waste.” Another popular way of buying old clothes is in a vintage kilo sale. People pick what they want and then pay according to 10 rather than per item. Some items are upcycled — re-modelled or re-worked by adding embroidery, patches and other additions. However, these second-hand clothes are worn or re-designed, the sustainability of vintage fashion means it’s here to stay for some time to come. 话题5 人与社会 Passage 1 A.supportive B. blamed C. ground D. economically E. continuing F. influenced G. positively H. rights I. roles J. shape K. sensed DR. ALAA MURABIT In October 1989, Alaa Murabit, the middle child of 11, was born in a Canadian home to an immigrant family from Libya in Africa. Her younger years were filled with fun and kindness. Her ____1____ parents treated her and her siblings with equality and fairness. Her father emphasized the importance of education and gender equality, which greatly ____2____ her views on social justice. Growing up with so many brothers and sisters, Alaa says that she attended “Diplomacy 101” at home. She learned to focus, negotiate and talk fast, or she wouldn’t get a chance to do anything. Most importantly, she learned that it was necessary to have a seat at the table to defend yourself. For example, if a lamp got broken, and you weren’t around to defend yourself, you might end up being ____3____ . An extremely gifted girl, Alaa graduated from high school at age 15. After that, the family moved to her parents’ hometown in Libya. The following year she began studying at the College of Medicine at AI Zawiya University in Libya, graduating in 2013. In the midst of her medical studies, civil war broke out in Libya in February 2011. It wasn’t until then, at age 21, that Murabit ____4____ a cultural shift as women were given a seat at the table. They were finally involved in decision-making and information-sharing to fight against the war taking place around them. But, as religious political leaders persuaded women to return to their previous ____5____ , many women disappeared from the range of influence. It was then that Murabit founded The Voice of Libyan Women, a national organization to ____6____ women’s rights. The organization works to improve political participation and empower women ____7____ . Additionally, she helps to promote security for all, creates strategies for establishing and maintaining peace and encourages faith-supported peace building. Following medical school, Murabit went on to receive a master’s degree from the London School of Economics while ____8____ to push for women’s rights. She talked in schools and homes and put up posters and signboards around the country promoting those ____9____ . She fights not only for women but also for the health of the world. Dr. Murabit’s leadership helped to ____10____the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015, impacting billions of people for the better. Passage 2 A．critics        B．experimented        C．supply        D．sufficient        E．feed        F．resolve G．hazardous        H．novel                I．processed        J．produced        K．extinct The population of the world is increasing rapidly. By 2030, there could be 8.0 billion people on earth. Will there be 1 food for all these people, or will we have a food shortage? Some scientists think fish farming could 2 this problem. However, other scientists worry that fish farming could cause serious environmental problems. Fish farming is not a 3 thing. There were fish farms in China 3, 000 years ago. Today, about one-third of the fish we eat comes from fish farms. Most fish farms raise plant-eating fish. Popular kinds of plant-eating fish are carp, tilapia, and catfish. Unfortunately, many fish farms are starting to raise meat-eating fish. A popular type of meat-eating fish is salmon. These meat-eating fish live on 4 food made from wild fish. However, it takes up to 5 tons of wild fish to produce just 1 ton of farm-raised salmon. The 5 of wild fish is already decreasing. Eventually, many types of wild fish could go 6 . What will we do then? 7 of fish farming also say that farm-raised fish is unhealthy for humans. They say the fish contains dangerous chemicals. They also blame the issue on fish farming because it pollutes the water. Another criticism is that farm-raised fish can spread diseases to wild fish. Some people say that the farming methods being used now hasn’t 8 enough fish anyway. Instead of putting fish farms in lakes or near the coast, they say that the fish farms should be moved far out into the ocean. Several countries have already 9 with deep-ocean farms. In the future, fish farms might be large cages that move across the ocean. Like most things, there is both a good and a bad side to fish farming. Fish farming may help to 10 millions of people. At the same time, however, fish farming may damage the environment. Passage 3 A．comprehensive B．spread C． impact D．incredible E. observed F. compared G. success H. firmly I. combination J. heavily K. motivate A new report by the World Health Organization (WHO) reveals that around one in a hundred deaths worldwide is due to passive smoking, which kills an estimated 600,000 people a year. In the first study to assess the global 1 of second-hand smoke, WHO experts find that children are more 2 exposed to second-hand smoke than any other age-group, and around 165,000 of them a year die because of it. Children’s exposure to second-hand smoke is most likely to happen at home, and the double blow of infectious diseases and tobacco seems to be a deadly 3 for children in these regions. Commenting on the findings, Heather Wipfli and Jonathan Samet from the University of Southern California, said policymakers try to 4 families to stop smoking in the home. While deaths due to passive smoking in children were skewed (曲解) toward poor and middle-income countries, deaths in adults were 5 across countries at all income levels. In Europe’s high-income countries, only 71 child deaths occurred, while 35,388 deaths were in adults. Yet in the countries like Africa, an estimated 43,375 deaths due to passive smoking were in children 6 with 9,514 in adults. Only 7.4 percent of the world population currently lives in places with 7 smoke-free laws, and those laws are not always 8 enforced (施行). In places where smoke-free rules are 9 , research shows that exposure to second-hand smoke in high-risk places like bars and restaurants can be cut by 90 percent, and in general by 60 percent, the researchers said. Studies also show such laws help to reduce the number of cigarettes smoked by smokers and lead to higher 10 rates in those trying to quit. 话题6 自然生态 Passage 1 A．appearances B．imitating C． distinguish D．isolate E. advantageous F. diverse G. identical H. criterion I. markings J. poisonous K. threatening Why different species start looking exactly the same Is it better to stand out from the crowd or be similar to the background? For birds, the answer is complicated. While peacocks(孔雀) show off their brightly colored feathers to attract mates and ward off predators(捕食者), other birds find it 1 to hide themselves by imitating the looks of other birds. Groups of birds flying together often come from the same species, making it hard to 2 one from another. However, some groups of birds including two or more species take on similar 3 , which is an uncommon phenomenon. “They all share random features, like feathers on head or yellow bellies(腹部), which makes them almost 4 . You can’t really tell them apart without looking at their 5 .” says Scott Robinson, a famous scholar. His new study suggests 6 another bird’s appearance is not a coincidence(巧合) but rather an evolutionary method to increase their chances of survival. Looking like a bird from a dominant species helps reduce attack from other members and appear more 7 to potential predators. “In imitation, you often want to look like something because there’s an advantage to being that other thing. You want species to think you’re 8 or low-profitable target.” says Rebecca Kimball, a professor of biology. “In grouping birds, one idea is that this has more to do with a predator’s ability to 9 a target. When there are a group of birds moving around, it may be easier for predators to identify an individual that has a distinct color pattern.” While it may not seem like it at first, imitating other birds is helping to create more 10 species. Not only do birds imitate more than one species as they grow up, but their appearance varies over time. Passage 2 A．houses  B．approaching  C． appear  D．talent  E. exclusively F. lowered  G. hiding  H. limits  I. dramatically  J. natural  K. sensitive Dolphin Senses New research involving trained dolphins seems to further prove that these animals can sense electricity. The 1 may allow them to better lock onto hidden fish hunted and direct the path. The ability to sense electric fields is known as electroreception(电感受). All animals produce a weak electric field, but electroreception has almost 2 been found in water creatures. About a decade ago, scientists published research suggesting that some dolphins have passive electroreception. And in 2021, researchers in Germany released their own study finding that dolphins likely have it, too. This new research is a follow-up to that latter study by the same team—one intended to better describe the 3 of electroreception in bottlenose dolphins. The researchers teamed up with scientists from the Nuremberg Zoo, which currently 4 six dolphins. They specifically worked with two bottlenose dolphins named Donna and Dolly. They first trained them to rest their jaws on a metal bar in the water, and then to respond to an electric field 5 them by swimming away within five seconds. They then gradually 6 the strength of this field to test the dolphins’ sensitivity. The findings further prove that bottlenose dolphins can indeed sense electricity, but suggest that some dolphins are better at it than others. Donna, for instance, was a bit more 7 and able to respond correctly to a weaker field than Dolly. The electroreception found in dolphins doesn’t 8 to be as strong as it is in the typical shark, but it’s probably still useful enough for them to find fish 9 underneath sand, stones or mud within a few centimeters away. Other studies have suggested that dolphins also possess a sense that acts as a sort of 10 GPS for them. So these dolphins’ electroreception might provide an explanation for that ability as well, Huttner said. Passage 3 A．appetite       B．affected          C． secured         D．strays        E. offence   F. punishable G. fans           H. balancing      I. making         J. grieving        K. retrieve Politicians are competing in an animal-welfare arms race. Michael Jackson had a chimpanzee. Justin Bieber had a capuchin, until it was seized by German customs officials. Rihanna has been photographed bottle-feeding a baby monkey. The trio of stars would find few 1 in the British government, which proposed new restrictions on keeping primates as pets. Britain’s animal-welfare laws are already among the most comprehensive in the world. Wild animals in travelling circuses were banned by law last year, but a decreasing public 2 for parades of elephants and tigers 3 on stools had already put an end to the business. By the time the ban took effect, only two licensed animal circuses were left in Britain, 4 up a sad little zoo of six reindeer, four camels, four zebras, two racoons, a zebu, a macaw and a fox. However, new laws offer more political advantages. Politicians are only too happy to give full rein to the nation’s passion for animals, for pet-friendly policies are cheap and popular. In last year’s election, the Conservative Party promised to help councils reunite 5 with their owners by making it mandatory to microchip cats. The Labour Party, on the other hand, promised to ban the live-boiling of lobsters in restaurants. James Daly, a Member of Parliament, has proposed “Gizmo’s Law”, named after a cat, the victim of a hit-and-run accident, which was cremated (火化) without its owner’s knowledge. The law would oblige councils that 6 dead animals from the roadside to reunite the victims with their 7 owners rather than being anonymously cremated. One of the most popular proposals, which have 8 more than 250,000 signatures in the petitions, is a new 9 of pet theft, which would recognise that dognapping feels more like the abduction (绑架) of a child than the theft of a television. Stealing a pet is already 10 by up to seven years in prison under the Theft Act, and judges can already account for the emotional distress when passing sentence. Still, it could be just the thing for the next manifesto (宣言). 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $考前押题06 选词填空题 话题1 心理健康 话题4 风俗文化 话题2 研究发现 话题5 人与社会 话题3 人工智能 话题6 自然生态 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 话题1 心理健康 Passage 1 A．apply    B．broadly    C．complicated    D．downside    E．hardly    F．neighbors G．overburdened    H．pills    I．re-labeling    J．turning    K．worse Britain appears to be in a mental-health crisis. In the past decade no European country has seen a greater increase in the use of antidepressants(抗抑郁药); now only the Portuguese and Icelanders are popping more of the 1 . Around 4.5m Britons were in contact with mental-health services in 2021-22, a rise of almost l m in five years. There are a few reasons why Britons might be unhappier than their 2 . One global poll found that teenagers in Britain were some of the loneliest in the world, with few supportive relationships and a low sense of purpose and meaning: all risk factors for poor mental health. Britain’s poorest households are also 3 off than their equivalents in France and Germany, for example, which makes them more vulnerable to conditions such as anxiety and depression. And Britain’s health system can seem more 4 than those in most other rich countries. In England alone, some 3.8 m are waiting for mental-health treatment. Those factors might explain why more people are 5 to medication. Another reason is increased awareness. Campaigns around depression and anxiety have been particularly successful in Britain. That is 6 a good thing. A reduction in humiliation (蒙羞) has encouraged more people to seek help. Taking antidepressants – or using mental-health services — has become much more acceptable. But there is a 7 to this, as The Economist recently reported. Surveys suggest that Britons are increasingly 8 common human emotions, such as stress and grief, as mental illnesses. “You’re going to lose any sense of what mental illness is if you start to 9 it to 30%, 50% of the population,” says Adrian Massey, author of a book called “Sick-Note Britain”. For all the focus on anxiety and depression in campaigns, severe mental illnesses still receive too little attention. This is a problem: according to the GBD, Britain has the highest rates of severe mental illness in Europe. The causes of such conditions are unclear, but seem to involve a 10 interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Illegal drug misuse, for which Britain has among the highest rates in the region, also plays a role. 【答案】1．H 2．F 3．K 4．G 5．J 6．B 7．D 8．I 9．A 10．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了英国人正处于心理健康危机之中，分析了导致这一现象背后的原因。 1．考查名词。句意：在过去的十年里，没有哪个欧洲国家的抗抑郁药使用增长如此之快；现在只有葡萄牙人和冰岛人服用更多的药物。根据“In the past decade no European country has seen a greater increase in the use of antidepressants; now only the Portuguese and Icelanders are popping more of the”以及句意“药物”可知应填复数名词pills，作宾语。故选H。 2．考查名词。句意：英国人可能比他们的邻居更不快乐，原因有以下几点。根据“One global poll found that teenagers in Britain were some of the loneliest in the world, with few supportive relationships and a low sense of purpose and meaning: all risk factors for poor mental health.(一项全球民意调查发现，英国青少年是世界上最孤独的人群之一，他们几乎没有支持性的人际关系，目标感和意义感也很低：这些都是导致心理健康状况不佳的风险因素)”以及句意“邻居”可知应填复数名词neighbors，故选F。 3．考查比较级。句意：例如，英国最贫穷的家庭也比法国和德国的同等家庭更贫穷，这使得他们更容易受到焦虑和抑郁等状况的影响。根据“off than their equivalents in France and Germany, for example, which makes them more vulnerable to conditions such as anxiety and depression”以及句意“更加贫穷”可知短语为worse off，故选K。 4．考查形容词。句意：而且英国的医疗系统似乎比大多数其他富裕国家的医疗系统负担过重。根据“In England alone, some 3.8 m are waiting for mental-health treatment.(仅在英格兰，就有380万人在等待心理健康治疗)”以及句意“负担过重”可知应填形容词overburdened，作表语。故选G。 5．考查动词。句意：这些因素或许可以解释为什么越来越多的人开始求助于药物治疗。根据“to medication”以及句意“求助于”可知短语为turn to，根据上文are可知为现在进行时。故选J。 6．考查副词。句意：总的来说，这是一件好事。根据“A reduction in humiliation has encouraged more people to seek help. Taking antidepressants — or using mental-health services — has become much more acceptable.(羞辱的减少鼓励了更多的人寻求帮助。服用抗抑郁药——或者使用心理健康服务——已经变得更容易被接受了)”以及句意“总的来说”可知应填副词broadly，故选B。 7．考查名词。句意：但正如《经济学人》最近报道的那样，这种做法也有不利之处。根据“Surveys suggest that Britons are increasingly re-labeling common human emotions, such as stress and grief, as mental illnesses.(调查显示，英国人越来越多地将压力和悲伤等人类常见情绪重新定义为精神疾病)”以及句意“不利之处”可知应填名词downside，作主语，不定冠词提示用单数。故选D。 8．考查动词。句意：调查显示，英国人越来越多地将压力和悲伤等人类常见情绪重新定义为精神疾病。根据“common human emotions, such as stress and grief, as mental illnesses”以及句意“重新定义为”可知应填动词re-label，根据上文are可知为现在进行时。故选I。 9．考查动词。句意：“如果你开始把它应用到30%到50%的人身上，你就会对什么是精神疾病失去任何概念，”阿德里安·梅西说，他是一本名为《病态笔记英国》的书的作者。根据“it to 30%, 50% of the population”以及句意“应用”可知应填apply，此处为不定式作宾语。故选A。 10．考查形容词。句意：造成这种情况的原因尚不清楚，但似乎涉及遗传和环境因素的复杂相互作用。根据“interplay of genetic and environmental factors”以及句意“复杂”可知应填形容词complicated，作定语修饰名词interplay。故选C。 Passage 2 A. typically B. inevitable C. transmission D. circulating E. identified F. symptoms G. hospitable H. landscape I. unusually J. emerged K. signals The emergence of the deadly Usutu virus in the UK, which is devastating blackbird populations, serves as a stark warning that mosquito-borne diseases are gaining a foothold in the country, a trend significantly driven by a warming climate. This development not only threatens wildlife but also ____1____ a growing potential risk to human health. Originating in South Africa in 1959, the Usutu virus has become widespread across Europe and was first ____2____ in the UK in 2020. Its impact has been severe, with blackbird numbers in hotspots like London dropping by over 40% since 2018. As ornithologist (鸟类学家) Hugh Hanmer notes, this dramatic decline was directly correlated with the virus’s arrival. While Usutu itself poses a relatively low risk to people —____3____ causing only mild, flu-like symptoms—its establishment in the UK is a significant milestone. It marks the first time a mosquito-borne virus capable of jumping from animals to humans has ____4____ within the country’s local animal populations. This makes it a crucial case study for virologists (病毒学家), providing a template for how other, more dangerous viruses might spread. The primary concern is West Nile virus, a close relative of Usutu. Both viruses share the same ____5____ method, environmental requirements, and hosts. The same mosquito species that carry Usutu can transmit West Nile, and the same birds act as reservoirs for both. This parallel is alarming because West Nile is far more dangerous to humans. While only about 20% of infected people show ____6____, these can include severe fever, headache, and vomiting, and in rare cases, the infection can be fatal. There is no human vaccine. Climate change is the key accelerator in this story. Warmer summer temperatures have facilitated the northward spread of West Nile through Europe. The Netherlands offers a worrying precedent: Usutu was detected there in 2016, and West Nile virus followed just four years later. UK officials fear a similar pattern, as studies confirm the nation’s climate is becoming increasingly ____7____ to these viruses. In response, the UK’s Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA) launched a tracking program in 2023 to monitor Usutu and other viruses in wild birds. This surveillance (监视) infrastructure is vital, aiming to detect viruses ____8____ in animals before they spill over into the human population. Experts like Reina Sikkema in Rotterdam believe a UK detection of West Nile is now almost ____9____. While cooler climates may currently keep it in check, rising temperatures, particularly warmer nights, could create the perfect conditions for it to flare up in the coming years, changing the public health ____10____ of northern Europe. 【答案】1. K 2. E 3. A 4. J 5. C 6. F 7. G 8. D 9. B 10. H 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是致命乌苏图病毒在英国出现及其影响。 【1题详解】 考查名词。句意：这一事态发展不仅威胁到野生动物，还预示着人类健康面临的潜在风险日益增大。由下文“a growing potential risk to human health”可知，此处表示“预示着风险日益增大”，空格处意为“预示”，是signal，not only...but also...是固定搭配，意为“不仅……而且……”，两部分句子时态一致，由threatens可知，时态是一般现在时，主语This development是不可数名词，因此空格处用第三人称单数，故选K。 【2题详解】 考查被动语态。句意：乌苏图病毒于1959年起源于南非，现已在欧洲广泛传播，并于2020年首次在英国被发现。由上文“first”和下文“in the UK in 2020”可知，此处表示“在在英国被发现”，空格处意为“发现”，是identify，病毒是被发现，句子用被动语态，空格处用过去分词。故选E。 【3题详解】 考查副词。句意：尽管乌苏图病毒对人类构成的相对风险较低——通常只会引发轻微的流感样症状，但它在英国的立足是一个重大里程碑。由“causing only mild, flu-like symptoms”可知，此处表示“它通常只会引发轻微的流感样症状”，空格处意为“通常”，是typically。故选A。 【4题详解】 考查时态。句意：这标志着首次有能够从动物传播给人类的蚊媒病毒在英国本土动物种群中出现。由下文“within the country’s local animal populations”可知，此处表示“在英国本土动物种群中出现”，空格处意为“出现”，是emerge，由has可知，时态是现在完成时，空格处用过去分词。故选J。 【5题详解】 考查名词。句意：两种病毒具有相同的传播方式、环境需求和宿主。由下文“environmental requirements, and hosts”可知，此处表示“两种病毒具有相同的传播方式”，空格处意为“传播”，是transmission，transmission method意为“传播方式”。故选C。 【6题详解】 考查名词。句意：虽然只有约20%的感染者会出现症状，但这些症状可能包括严重发热、头痛和呕吐，在极少数情况下，感染可能是致命的。由下文“these can include severe fever, headache, and vomiting”可知，此处表示“约20%的感染者会出现症状”，空格处意为“症状”，是symptom，有很多，因此用复数，故选F。 【7题详解】 考查形容词。句意：英国官员担心会出现类似模式，因为研究证实，英国的气候正变得越来越适宜这些病毒生存。由上文“UK officials fear a similar pattern”可知，此处表示“英国的气候正变得越来越适宜这些病毒生存”，空格处意为“环境适宜的”，是hospitable，故选G。 【8题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这一监测基础设施至关重要，旨在在病毒从动物传播给人类之前，检测到在动物中传播的病毒。由上文“viruses”和下文“in animals”可知，此处表示“在动物中传播”，空格处意为“传播”，是circulate，句中谓语是is，空格处用非谓语动词，viruses和circulate之间是主谓关系，因此用现在分词表主动，作后置定语，故选D。 【9题详解】 考查形容词。句意：鹿特丹的专家Reina Sikkema认为，英国几乎必然会检测到西尼罗河病毒。由上文“a UK detection of West Nile”可知，此处表示“英国几乎必然会检测到西尼罗河病毒”，空格处意为“必然发生的”，是inevitable。故选B。 【10题详解】 考查名词。句意：虽然目前较冷的气候可能抑制了它的传播，但气温上升，尤其是夜间气温升高，可能会在未来几年为其爆发创造完美条件，从而改变北欧的公共卫生格局。由上文“rising temperatures, particularly warmer nights, could create the perfect conditions for it to flare up in the coming years”可知，此处表示“改变北欧的公共卫生格局”，空格处意为“格局”，是landscape，由of northern Europe可知，空格处用单数，故选H。 Passage 3 A. fuel B. included C. intensified D. invisibility E. isolated F. means G. practically H. risk I. seemingly J. striking K. updates Does Group Chat Make You Feel Bad? I’m in a meeting when my phone starts to flash with notices and messages constantly stream in. While the meeting is important, I’m distracted and eager to pick up the phone. Is it a new job announcement from a friend? Has something terrible happened? My anxiety is ____1____ as new messages mount, and I’m praying this meeting ends sooner. This is a typical emotional change of being a modern group chat member, and I’m not alone. Starting as a new ____2____ for long-distance connection with multiple friends, group chats have become the common way we stay in touch. According to a recent research project, an average adult in Britain is part of 83 group chats — a(n) ____3____ situation highlighting how over connected people are. But why exactly do they cause such negative emotions? “When I see tons of messages coming through, I get stressed that I may lose track of ____4____ if I don’t check them from time to time. Or I worry I’ve said something wrong,” says one interviewee, “Not joining in a group chat may in some way ____5____ our pressure, because then you’ll get loads to catch up on.” There’s a lack of real connection too. “Group chats can make us feel surrounded, yet still somehow on the outside,” says Abby Rawlinson, a psychologist, “If you know everyone’s chatting and you’re not part of the flow, it arouses the ache of ____6____ .” However the darker side of a group chat occurs when things go from lighthearted jokes to ____7____ harmless comments causing the wildfire of negativity. “FOMO [fear of missing out] in group chats is real,” says another interviewee, “If you’re added to a smaller group chat without a certain friend, that implies the friend has been ____8____ for a certain reason. No one in the new chat group intends to hurt others, but somehow, gossip about that friend later appears, indicating that leaving group chats equals the ____9____ of being talked about behind your back.” “The emotional politics of a group chat are the dynamics that shape how seen, ____10____ or valued we feel,” says Rawlinson, “Over time, these patterns start to mirror real-life social system and cause misunderstanding.” 【答案】1. C 2. F 3. J 4. K 5. A 6. D 7. I 8. E 9. H 10. B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了群聊在现代社交中十分普遍，但也会给人们带来焦虑、压力等负面情绪，探讨了群聊引发负面感受的原因。 【1题详解】 考查动词过去分词。句意：随着新消息不断增加，我的焦虑加剧了，我祈祷会议早点结束。根据“My anxiety”、“new messages mount”及“praying this meeting ends sooner”可推知，此处是指焦虑增加、加剧，应是“intensified (加剧、增强)” ，与空前的is构成一般现在时的被动语态，符合“焦虑随消息累积而加重”的语境。故选C。 【2题详解】 考查名词。句意：群聊最初是与多位朋友远程联系的新方式，如今已成为我们保持联络的常见方式。根据“as a new __2__ for”可知，此空应是名词作宾语。根据“the common way we stay in touch”可知，此空应是名词“means (方式、手段)”，符合“群聊作为沟通方式”的语境。故选F。 【3题详解】 考查形容词。句意：英国成年人平均参与83个群聊，这一惊人的状况凸显了人们的社交联系有多紧密。根据“a(n) __3__ situation”可知，此空应是形容词作定语。根据“83 group chats”及“how over-connected people are”可知，此空应是形容词“striking (惊人的、显著的)”，体现“人均83个群聊”这一数据的冲击力。故选J。 【4题详解】 考查名词。句意：看到大量消息涌来时，我会焦虑，担心不常查看的话，会错过最新动态。根据“lose track of”及“don’t check them”可知，此空应是名词复数作宾语，“updates (最新动态、更新内容)”符合“担心错过消息”的语境。故选K。 【5题详解】 考查动词原形。句意：不加入群聊反而可能加剧压力，因为之后要补看大量消息。根据“may”可知，此空应是动词原形，“fuel (加剧、刺激)”符合“不看群聊→后续补看消息→压力更大”的逻辑。故选A。 【6题详解】 考查名词。句意：如果你知道每个人都在聊天，而你却不是其中的一部分，这就会让你产生一种被忽视的痛苦。根据空前介词“of”及“on the outside”可知，此空应是名词作宾语，“invisibility (被忽视、无形状态)”能体现“透明人”的痛苦感。故选D。 【7题详解】 考查副词。句意：然而，群聊的阴暗面在于，轻松玩笑会变成看似无害的评论，却引发负面情绪的蔓延。此空应是副词作状语，修饰形容词harmless，根据“lighthearted jokes”及“causing the wildfire of negativity”可知，此空应是“seemingly (看似、表面上)”体现“评论看似无害实则有负面影响”的转折。故选I。 【8题详解】 考查动词过去分词。句意：若你被拉进没有某朋友的小群，这就意味着这位朋友被孤立了。根据“added to a group without a certain friend”可知，“isolated (孤立)”符合“该朋友被排除在群聊外”的语境，现在完成时的被动语态has been isolated是从句谓语。故选E。 【9题详解】 考查名词。句意：新群里没有人想伤害别人，但不知怎么的，关于那个朋友的八卦后来就出现了，这表明离开群聊就有被人在背后议论的风险。根据“equals the __9__ of”可知，此处应是名词作宾语，“risk (风险)”符合“不在群聊里就存在被人背后议论自己的风险”的语境。故选H。 【10题详解】 考查动词过去分词。句意：群聊的情感规则塑造了我们是否“被看见、被接纳、被重视”的感受。此空与“seen、valued”并列，应是“included (被包含、被接纳)”，呼应前文“被排除/孤立”的语境。故选B。 话题2 研究发现 Passage 1 A.delicate B.notable C.orbits D.outshines E.phase F.row G.seasonal H.shifts I.sight J.successively K.sustainably A Rare Season of Supermoons This fall, something special will appear in the night sky: every full moon will look slightly bigger and brighter than usual. This is because the last three months of 2025 will bring a rare series of supermoons in a __1____. A supermoon happens when the moon's full ____2____occurs at the point in its path closest to Earth. On October 6, November 5, and December 4, skywatchers will see the “harvest,” "beaver," and “cold” moons all rise as supermoons. This three-month stretch is unusual and offers a beautiful ____3_____for anyone who loves observing the night sky. What Makes a Moon “Super”? The moon does not follow a perfect circular route. Instead, it ___4_______ Earth in an oval (椭圆的) path. As a result, there are times each month when the moon is slightly closer to Earth, called perigee, and times when it is farther away, called apogee. At perigee, the moon is about 356,000 kilometers from Earth, while at apogee it can be more than 406,000 kilometers away. When a full moon happens at perigee, we see a supermoon. It throws a brilliance that ___5_____ an average full moon and fills the sky with quiet wonder. In fact, a supermoon can look up to 14 percent bigger and 30 percent brighter than the smallest full moon of the year. To the naked eye, the change may be ____6_____, but photographs show a clear and impressive difference. Why There Will Be Three in Succession Contrary to what their name might suggest, supermoons occur with ___7_____ frequency, often appearing multiple times within a single year. However, having three back-to-back ones is uncommon. This happens because the timing of the moon's perigee slowly ____8_______compared with its full moon, completing a cycle about every fourteen months. In 2025, that timing will line up perfectly to produce three supermoons. ______9_____The pattern will even continue into early 2026, with another supermoon expected on January 3. The Meaning of the Moon Names Many traditional moon names come from ___10______ life and cultural customs. The "harvest moon” in October, for example, was named because its bright light helped farmers work late into the night during the final harvest season before winter. 【答案】1. F (row) 2. E (phase) 3. I (sight) 4. C (orbits) 5. D (outshines) 6. A (delicate) 7. G (seasonal) 8. H (shifts) 9. J (successively) 10. B (notable) 【导语】本文介绍了 2025 年秋季将出现的罕见连续超级月亮现象，解释了超级月亮的形成原因、连续出现的机制，以及传统月亮名称的由来。 【1 题详解】 考查名词。句意：这是因为 2025 年的最后三个月将出现罕见的连续超级月亮。固定搭配 “in a row” 表示 “连续地”，此处指三个月内连续出现超级月亮，故填 “F”。 【2 题详解】 考查名词。句意：当月球的满月阶段出现在其轨道上离地球最近的点时，超级月亮就会出现。“full phase” 表示 “（月球的）满月阶段”，结合天文常识，超级月亮的形成与满月所处轨道位置相关，故填 “E”。 【3 题详解】 考查名词。句意：这三个月的时间跨度很不寻常，为所有热爱观测夜空的人提供了一道美丽的景象。此处需要名词作宾语，“sight”（景象、景观）符合语境，指超级月亮带来的视觉享受，故填 “I”。 【4 题详解】 考查动词。句意：相反，它以椭圆形轨道绕地球运行。此处需要动词作谓语，“orbits”（绕…… 运行）符合天文事实，指月球的公转轨道，故填 “C”。 【5 题详解】 考查动词。句意：它散发的光芒比普通满月更耀眼，让天空充满宁静的奇观。此处需要动词作谓语，“outshines”（比…… 更亮、胜过）符合语境，呼应前文 “bigger and brighter”，故填 “D”。 【6 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：用肉眼看，这种变化可能很细微，但照片能显示出明显而令人印象深刻的差异。此处需要形容词作表语，“delicate”（细微的、微妙的）符合语境，指肉眼难以察觉的变化，故填 “A”。 【7 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：与它们的名字可能暗示的相反，超级月亮的出现具有季节性频率，通常在一年内出现多次。此处需要形容词修饰 “frequency”，“seasonal”（季节性的）符合语境，指超级月亮的出现存在季节相关的规律，故填 “G”。 【8 题详解】 考查动词。句意：这是因为月球近地点的时间与满月相比缓慢变化，大约每 14 个月完成一个周期。此处需要动词作谓语，“shifts”（变化、移动）符合语境，指近地点时间与满月时间的错位变化，故填 “H”。 【9 题详解】 考查副词。句意：2025 年，这个时间点将完美契合，产生三个超级月亮。这种情况会连续发生，甚至会持续到 2026 年初，预计 1 月 3 日还会有另一个超级月亮。此处需要副词修饰整个句子，“successively”（连续地、依次地）呼应前文 “three in succession”，故填 “J”。 【10 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：许多传统的月亮名称都来自显著的生活和文化习俗。此处需要形容词修饰 “life”，“notable”（显著的、值得注意的）符合语境，指那些影响月亮命名的重要生活场景和文化传统，故填 “B”。 Passage 2 A．technical   B．attributed   C． confined   D．observations   E. sensation   F. totaling   G. anticipatory H. consistent   I. precisely   J. suspicious   K. attached For centuries, people have described unusual animal behavior just ahead of seismic (地震的) events: dogs barking endlessly, cows halting their milk, toads leaping from ponds. A few researchers have tried to prove a link, but most such attempts have relied largely on anecdotes and single 1 . Now researchers at the University of Konstanz, along with a multinational team of colleagues, say they have managed to 2 measure increased activity in a group of farm animals prior to seismic activity. During separate periods 3 about four months in 2016 and 2017, the researchers 4 these highly sensitive biologgers and GPS sensors, which can record accelerated movements in any direction, to six cows, five sheep and two dogs living on a farm in an earthquake-prone area of northern Italy to keep track of the activities and the nervousness of animals. “Only now can we do continuous biologging,” says study co-author Martin Wikelski. “Because the 5 possibilities are finally there.” The paper’s statistical analysis showed animals’ activity significantly increased before magnitude 3.8 or greater earthquakes when they were housed together in a stable — but not when they were out to pasture (吃草). Wikelski says this difference could be linked to the increased stress some animals feel in 6 spaces. Analyzing the increased movements as a whole, the researchers claim, showed a clear signal of 7 behavior hours ahead of tremors. Besides, it showed that the farm animals appeared to anticipate quakes anywhere from one to 20 hours ahead, reacting earlier when they were closer to the origin and later when they were farther away. This finding is 8 with a hypothesis that animals somehow sense a signal that spreads outward. It holds that in the days before an earthquake, shifting tectonic plates (地壳板块) squeeze rocks along a fault line, causing the rocks to release minerals that force ions into the air, and then the animals react to this novel 9 . Not involved with the new study, Wendy Bohon, a geologist from Washington, D．C．, is 10 of the air ionization idea. Heiko Woith, a geologist at GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences, says the time frame was still too short and points out that limited data collection in many studies makes it impossible to determine whether a measured signal was related to a quake or was simply noise. 【答案】1．D 2．I 3．F 4．K 5．A 6．C 7．G 8．H 9．E 10．J 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是研究人员成功测量到地震前农场动物活动的增加。他们使用生物记录器和GPS传感器跟踪动物的活动，并发现地震前它们的活动显著增加，该理论支持了动物能够在地震前感知信号的假设。然而，一些地质学家对此持怀疑态度，因为之前的研究数据收集有限。 1．考查名词。句意：一些研究人员试图证明两者之间的联系，但大多数这样的尝试主要依赖于轶事和单一的观察。分析句子，设空处使用名词作宾语，此处表示“观察”用observation，此处表示复数意义，与前文的anecdotes构成并列结构。故选D。 2．考查副词。句意：现在康斯坦茨大学(University of Konstanz)的研究人员和一个由多国同事组成的团队表示，他们已经成功地在地震活动之前精确测量了一组农场动物体内活动的增加。分析句子，设空处使用副词作状语，修饰动词measure。precisely意为“精确地”符合句意。故选I。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：在2016年和2017年的不同时间段，研究人员将这些高灵敏度的生物记录器和GPS传感器安装在意大利北部一个地震多发区的一个农场上的六头牛、五只羊和两只狗身上，以跟踪动物的活动和紧张程度。分析句子，第四空为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，total意为“总计”，periods与其是主动关系，故使用现在分词作后置定语进行修饰。故选F。 4．考查动词。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时。attach意为“附着，连接”，根据后文的“these highly sensitive biologgers and GPS sensors”可知，此处指出将这些高灵敏度的生物记录器和GPS传感器安装在意大利北部一个地震多发区的一个农场上的六头牛、五只羊和两只狗身上，故attach符合句意。故选K。 5．考查形容词。句意：“只有现在我们才能进行连续的生物学记录，”该研究的合著者马丁·威克尔斯基说。“因为技术上的可能性终于出现了。”分析句子以及根据前文Only now can we do continuous biologging可知，设空处使用形容词technical 作定语，修饰名词possibilities，意为“技术的”。因为技术上的可能性出现了，所以才能够进行持续性的生物学记录。故选A。 6．考查形容词。句意：威克尔斯基说，这种差异可能与一些动物在密闭空间中感受到的压力增加有关。分析句子，设空处使用形容词confined作定语，修饰名词，意为“狭窄的”，同时根据前文的“when they were housed together in a stable”可知，地震发生前，当这些动物被关在一起的，故动物在密闭的空间中感受到压力的增加。故选C。 7．考查形容词。句意：研究人员称，从整体上分析这些增加的动作，可以在地震发生前几个小时显示出预期行为的清晰信号。分析句子，设空处使用形容词anticipatory作定语，修饰名词behavior，意为“预期的”，符合语境。故选G。 8．考查形容词。句意：这一发现与一种假设相一致，即动物以某种方式感知到向外传播的信号。根据前文“Besides, it showed that the farm animals appeared to anticipate quakes anywhere from one to 20 hours ahead, reacting earlier when they were closer to the origin and later when they were farther away.(此外，它还表明，农场里的动物似乎能提前1到20小时预测到地震，离震源近的时候反应早，离震源远的时候反应晚)”以及后文的“a hypothesis that animals somehow sense a signal that spreads outward.(一种假设，动物以某种方式感知到向外传播的信号)”可知，该发现与之前的假设是一致的。分析句子，设空处使用形容词consistent 作表语，意为“一致的”。故选H。 9．考查名词。句意：该理论认为，在地震发生前的几天，移动的构造板块沿着断层线挤压岩石，导致岩石释放矿物质，将离子释放到空气中，然后动物对这种新感觉做出反应。根据前文“the rocks to release minerals”可知，在地震发生前的几天分析句子，导致岩石释放矿物质，动物对这种释放的新感觉是有反应的。同时，分析句子，设空处使用名词sensation作宾语，意为“感知，感觉”，符合语境。故选E。 10．考查形容词。句意：来自华盛顿特区的地质学家Wendy Bohon没有参与这项新研究，她对空气电离的观点持怀疑态度。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作表语，根据后文的“Heiko Woith, a geologist at GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences, says the time frame was still too short and points out that limited data collection in many studies makes it impossible to determine whether a measured signal was related to a quake or was simply noise.( 德国地球科学研究中心的地质学家Heiko Woith,说，时间框架仍然太短，并指出许多研究中有限的数据收集使得无法确定测量到的信号是与地震有关还是仅仅是噪音)”指出了该理论的局限性，即在许多研究中有限的数据收集使得无法确定测量到的信号是与地震有关还是仅仅是噪音，因此对该理论是持有怀疑的态度。suspicious为形容词，意为“怀疑的”，符合句意。故选J。 Passage 3 A.shifting B.set C.slide D.apply E.fixes F.interplay G.sensitivity H.disrupted I.signals J.decline K.modeled Frequent flyers have a bag of tricks to get over jet lag.Scientists have plenty of suggestions too:from getting a dose of sunlight,melatonin(褪黑素)or a hit of exercise, to staying hydrated, skipping caffeine,and eating at local meal times.While none are guaranteed quick 1 , these tips help our bodies 2 back into their usual internal clocks which course through every organ of the body,controlled by a ‘master clock' in the brain. Now,a team of US researchers modeling those circadian rhythms(昼夜节律)has landed on what they say is the fastest way to shake off jet lag and reset your body clock-a strategy that could 3 to sleepy shift workers too. 　"Having a larger meal in the early morning of the new time zone can help overcome jet lag," says applied mathematician Yitong Huang of Northwestern University in Ilinois, who led the modeling study.“Constantly 4 meal schedules or having a meal at night is discouraged, as it can lead to a mismatch between circadian rhythms.” 　The findings not only echo earlier studies on meal timing,but also extend our understanding of why circadian rhythms 5 with age.Huang and colleagues 6 internal clocks using a suite of mathematical equations,a rough approximation of the human body at best,so they could analyze multiple biological clocks and cues at once,including light exposure and food intake. 　Of particular interest to the researchers were the effects of aging on circadian rhythms.Older folks generally take longer to recover from　jet lag,which might be because their circadian rhythms are more easily 7 or take longer to regroup.Huang and colleagues'　findings reaffirm what has been suggested before from animal studies,about the way circadian rhythms tire with age. 　Weaker 8 from the aging brain's suprachiasmatic nueleus (视交叉上核) led to the body's secondary clocks becoming disorganized,and those clocks took longer to recover from a 6-hour time shift similar to long-distance travel.Reduced 9 to light had a similar effect. 　　　As for food,the teams'　modeling suggests a large,single meal in the early morning for three days can help realign our body clocks after jet lag. "These results highlight the importance of secondary clocks in regulating the circadian rhythms and provide fresh insights into the complex 10 between aging and the resilience of the circadian system,”Huang and colleagues write. 【答案】1. E. fixes 2. B. set 3. D. apply 4. A. shifting 5. J. decline 6. K. modeled 7. H. disrupted 8. I. signals 9. G. sensitivity 10. F. interplay 【导语】本文探讨了应对时差反应的方法，美国研究团队通过模拟人体昼夜节律，发现新时区清晨吃一顿大餐是调整生物钟的最快方式，同时揭示了年龄对昼夜节律的影响及相关机制。 【1 题详解】 考查名词。句意：虽然没有保证快速见效的解决办法，但这些技巧能帮助我们的身体重新调整到通常的内部生物钟 —— 这种生物钟贯穿身体每个器官，由大脑中的 “主时钟” 控制。此处需要名词作宾语，“fixes”（解决办法、对策）符合语境，指应对时差的快速解决方案，故填 “E”。 【2 题详解】 考查动词。句意：虽然没有保证快速见效的解决办法，但这些技巧能帮助我们的身体重新调整到通常的内部生物钟。固定搭配 “set back into” 表示 “重新调整到…… 状态”，结合语境 “让身体回归正常生物钟”，故填 “B”。 【3 题详解】 考查动词。句意：现在，一组模拟这些昼夜节律的美国研究人员得出结论，他们称这是摆脱时差、重置生物钟的最快方法 —— 这种策略也可能适用于困倦的轮班工人。固定搭配 “apply to” 表示 “适用于”，此处指该方法对轮班工人同样有效，故填 “D”。 【4 题详解】 考查动词（现在分词）。句意：不建议频繁改变用餐时间或在夜间进食，因为这会导致昼夜节律失调。此处需用现在分词作定语修饰 “meal schedules”，“shifting”（改变、调整）符合语境，指用餐时间的变动，故填 “A”。 【5 题详解】 考查动词。句意：这些发现不仅呼应了早期关于用餐时间的研究，还拓展了我们对昼夜节律为何随年龄衰退的理解。此处需要动词作谓语，“decline”（衰退、下降）符合语境，指年龄增长导致昼夜节律功能减弱，故填 “J”。 【6 题详解】 考查动词（过去式）。句意：黄和同事们利用一套数学方程模拟了内部时钟，这充其量只是人体的粗略近似，因此他们可以同时分析多个生物钟和线索，包括光照和食物摄入。此处需要动词作谓语，结合语境 “通过数学方程模拟生物钟”，“modeled”（模拟）符合要求，故填 “K”。 【7 题详解】 考查动词（过去分词）。句意：老年人通常需要更长时间从时差中恢复，这可能是因为他们的昼夜节律更容易被打乱，或者需要更长时间重新调整。此处为被动语态，“disrupted”（被打乱、被破坏）符合语境，指老年人的昼夜节律易受影响，故填 “H”。 【8 题详解】 考查名词。句意：衰老大脑视交叉上核发出的信号减弱，导致身体的次级时钟变得混乱，这些时钟从类似长途旅行的 6 小时时差中恢复需要更长时间。此处需要名词作主语，“signals”（信号）符合语境，指大脑发出的调节节律的信号，故填 “I”。 【9 题详解】 考查名词。句意：对光的敏感度降低也有类似的效果。固定搭配 “sensitivity to” 表示 “对…… 的敏感度”，“reduced sensitivity to light” 指 “对光的敏感度下降”，故填 “G”。 【10 题详解】 考查名词。句意：这些结果强调了次级时钟在调节昼夜节律中的重要性，并为理解衰老与昼夜节律系统韧性之间的复杂相互作用提供了新的见解。此处需要名词作宾语，“interplay”（相互作用、相互影响）符合语境，指衰老与节律系统韧性的复杂关系，故填 “F”。 话题3 人工智能 Passage 1 A．accurately  B．craft  C． double-check  D．functions  E. laborious F. narrow G. pools  H. progressively  I. shares  J. tips  K. unlock Ask the right way With the introduction of accessible new AI systems like ChatGPT, travel will never be the same. AI has simplified planning and made it easier to discover new experience. Instead of a march through 1 research, users get similar results with a quick conversation with AI. AI is great for some travel 2 , like generating ideas, highlighting small businesses, and translating languages, but there are tricks to use it well, especially when it comes to traveling. Here’s how to best use AI for travel. Once you have chosen your destinations, 3 your search. AI is skilled at responding to specific interests, whether you’re looking for the best restaurant in an area or designing a five-day travel plan of off-the-beaten-path museums. AI is also useful in finding responses to prompts (提示) like “less crowded” or “underrated.” It is because unlike platforms such as TripAdvisor, the system 4 knowledge from all corners of the web, interprets results to fit your inquires best and then delivers the information in a conversational way. To 5 a good prompt, it’s crucial to ask questions in your native language. AI models can speak and understand many languages, and your grammar matters. The more precise your punctuation (标点) , spelling, and grammar, the more 6 AI will be able to understand you. Finally, always 7 AI’s answers against other sources as cross-referencing its suggestions with trusted platforms adds an extra layer of confidence to your planning. By mastering these 8 you can tap into this powerful generative engine to ensure a safer, better-informed and more satisfying travel experience. Every day, AI is rapidly evolving as more start-ups and companies figure out the best ways to 9 its potential to deliver information using natural language. As the system 10 gets more access to the web, learns what users want, and becomes more “intelligent, ” it will continue to shift travel in unexpected and groundbreaking ways. The future of travel is here. 【答案】1．E 2．D 3．F 4．G 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．J 9．K 10．H 【导语】这是一篇说明文。随着像ChatGPT这样易于使用的新人工智能系统的引入，旅行规划方式将发生改变，人工智能简化了规划过程，并提供了使用人工智能辅助旅行的相关技巧，从而确保旅行体验更加安全、信息更丰富且更令人满意。 1．考查形容词。句意：用户不再需要进行艰苦的研究，只需与人工智能进行一次快速对话，就能得到类似的结果。空格处为定语修饰后面名词research，根据下文“users get similar results with a quick conversation with AI.”可知，laborious“艰苦的；费力的”为形容词，符合句意。故选E项。 2．考查名词。句意：人工智能在一些旅行功能方面非常出色，比如产生想法、突出小型企业以及翻译语言，但要想用好它有一些技巧，尤其是在旅行方面。空格处为介词for的宾语，前面有some修饰，根据“like generating ideas, highlighting small businesses, and translating languages”可知，functions“功能”为可数名词复数，符合句意。故选D项。 3．考查动词。句意：一旦你选定了目的地，就缩小你的搜索范围。空格处为祈使句的谓语动词，根据“Once you have chosen your destinations”可知，narrow“缩小”为动词，符合句意。故选F项。 4．考查动词。句意：这是因为与TripAdvisor等平台不同，该系统从网络的各个角落汇集知识，解释结果以最适合你的查询，然后以对话的方式提供信息。空格处为谓语动词，根据“from all corners of the web”可知，pools“汇集”为动词，符合句意。为一般现在时。故选G项。 5．考查动词。句意：要打造一个好的提示，用母语提问至关重要。空格处为不定式to do作目的状语，根据“a good prompt”可知，craft“打造”为动词，符合句意。故选B项。 6．考查副词。句意：你的标点、拼写和语法越精确，人工智能就越能准确地理解你。空格处为副词修饰前面动词understand，根据“The more precise”可知，accurately“准确地”为副词，符合句意。故选A项。 7．考查动词。句意：最后，总是复核人工智能对其他来源的回答，将其建议与可信平台进行交叉引用，为您的规划增添了额外的信心。空格处为祈使句的谓语动词，double-check“复核”为动词，符合句意。故选C项。 8．考查名词。句意：通过掌握这些技巧，你可以利用这个强大的生成引擎，确保更安全、更知情、更令人满意的旅行体验。空格处为动词mastering的宾语，前面有these修饰，根据下文“better-informed and more satisfying travel experience.”可知，tips“技巧”为可数名词复数，符合句意。故选J项。 9．考查动词。句意：每天，随着越来越多的初创企业和公司找到利用自然语言释放其潜力的最佳方式，人工智能正在迅速发展。空格处为不定式to do作后置定语修饰前面名词ways，根据下文“its potential to deliver information using natural language”可知，“unlock“释放”为动词，符合句意。故选K项。 10．考查副词。句意：随着该系统逐渐获得更多访问网络的机会，了解用户想要什么，并变得更加“智能”，它将继续以意想不到和开创性的方式改变旅行。空格处为副词修饰后面动词gets，根据“gets more access to the web”可知，progressively“逐渐地”为副词，符合句意。故选H项。 Passage 2 A.analysing B. broader C.consistently D.extends E. launch F.mature G.narrowing H. powered l.shifts J. simply k.warned Talking Like a Machine? Since its late 2022 launch, ChatGPT rapidly gained 100 million users, significantly impacting learning, writing, and work. Researchers now find its influence    11    to unconscious speech patterns, secretly altering spoken language, with words frequently used by the AI becoming more common in everyday conversation. Hiromu Yakura, professor at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development in Berlin, first noticed personal vocabulary    12   , like increased use of “delve” instead of “look for” and “meticulous” rather than “careful”. In his recent study, he pushed investigation into    13    spoken communication. Researchers had previously found that the use of large language models (LLMs), such as those that have    14    ChatGPT, was changing vocabulary choices in written communication, and Yakura and his colleagues wanted to know whether spoken communication was being affected, too. The researchers first used ChatGPT to edit massive numbers of emails, essays, and articles using prompts (指令语) like “polish” or “improve clarity”. They identified words the AI    15    added and labelled them “GPT words”. The team then tracked GPT word frequency by    16    over 360,000 YouTube videos and 771,000 podcast programs from before and after ChatGPT’s release. Results showed a significant increase in GPT words within 18 months after the    17    of ChatGPT. These words affect not just written content but also real - time conversation. “The patterns that are stored in AI technology seem to be conveyed back to the human mind,” said study co - author Levin Brinkmann, also at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development. While adopting AI speech patterns might seem harmless, Brinkmann    18    of deeper risks. Humans naturally imitate languages that sound knowledgeable. As more people view AI as a cultural authority, they may rely on and imitate it,    19    diversity in language. “In this critical moment in the evolution of LLMs, looking at word distribution is the right method to understand how the technology is affecting the way we communicate,” Brinkmann says. “As the models    20   , these distributions are going to be harder to distinguish.” 【答案】1. D 2. I 3. B 4. H 5. C 6. A 7. E 8. K 9. G 10. F 【导语】本文探讨了 ChatGPT 自推出以来对人类语言的影响，研究发现其不仅改变书面语词汇选择，还悄悄影响口语模式，同时揭示了这种影响背后的潜在风险。 【1 题详解】 考查动词。句意：研究人员现在发现，它的影响延伸到了无意识的语言模式，悄悄改变口语，人工智能频繁使用的词汇在日常对话中变得越来越普遍。此处需要动词作谓语，“extends”（延伸、扩展）符合语境，指 ChatGPT 的影响从书面语扩展到口语，故填 “D”。 【2 题详解】 考查名词。句意：柏林马克斯・普朗克人类发展研究所的广木弘教授首先注意到个人词汇的变化，比如更多地使用 “delve” 而不是 “look for”，使用 “meticulous” 而不是 “careful”。此处需要名词作宾语，“shifts”（变化、转变）符合语境，指个人词汇选择的改变，故填 “I”。 【3 题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：在他最近的研究中，他将调查扩展到了更广泛的口语交流。此处需要形容词修饰 “spoken communication”，结合前文 “personal vocabulary”，“broader”（更广泛的）表示调查范围的扩大，故填 “B”。 【4 题详解】 考查动词（过去分词）。句意：研究人员此前发现，大型语言模型（如驱动 ChatGPT 的模型）的使用正在改变书面交流中的词汇选择，而广木和他的同事们想知道口语交流是否也受到了影响。此处需要过去分词作定语修饰 “those（LLMs）”，“powered”（驱动、为…… 提供动力）符合语境，指支撑 ChatGPT 运行的语言模型，故填 “H”。 【5 题详解】 考查副词。句意：他们识别出人工智能持续添加的单词，并将其标记为 “GPT 词汇”。此处需要副词修饰动词 “added”，“consistently”（持续地、一贯地）符合语境，指 AI 频繁、稳定使用的词汇，故填 “C”。 【6 题详解】 考查动词（动名词）。句意：然后，研究小组通过分析 ChatGPT 发布前后的 36 万多个 YouTube 视频和 77.1 万多个播客节目，追踪了 GPT 词汇的使用频率。固定搭配 “by doing sth.” 表示 “通过做某事”，“analysing”（分析）符合语境，指研究采用的数据分析方法，故填 “A”。 【7 题详解】 考查名词。句意：结果显示，在 ChatGPT 推出后的 18 个月内，GPT 词汇的使用量显著增加。此处需要名词作宾语，“launch”（推出、发布）符合语境，指 ChatGPT 正式上线的时间节点，故填 “E”。 【8 题详解】 考查动词（过去式）。句意：虽然采用人工智能的语言模式看似无害，但布林克曼警告说存在更深层次的风险。此处需要动词作谓语，“warned”（警告、告诫）符合语境，引出后文对潜在风险的说明，故填 “K”。 【9 题详解】 考查动词（现在分词）。句意：随着越来越多的人将人工智能视为文化权威，他们可能会依赖并模仿它，从而缩小语言的多样性。此处需要现在分词作结果状语，“narrowing”（缩小、减少）符合语境，指模仿 AI 语言对语言多样性的负面影响，故填 “G”。 【10 题详解】 考查动词。句意：随着模型的成熟，这些分布将更难区分。此处需要动词作谓语，“mature”（成熟、完善）符合语境，指 LLMs 不断发展进步后对语言影响的变化，故填 “F”。 Passage 3 A. addictive B. approaches C. cataloging D. dominated E. encounters F. expanding G. identified H. obstacles I. prospective J. reference K. targets Apps That Bring Art to Life At the Betty Cuningham gallery on the Lower East Side recently, I noticed an arresting painting: a woman asleep by a window with the Empire State Building in view, and a floating fish above her. Fascinated, I opened a smartphone app called Magnus, and within seconds, it ____1____ the piece as Philip Pearlstein’s Model With Empire State Building (1992), priced at $300,000. The app also provided its sales history and saved the details for future ____2____. Magnus is part of a wave of smartphone apps trying to recognize the physical world as a way of providing instant information about songs or clothes or plants or paintings. While Shazam has ____3____ with over a billion downloads, apps like Magnus and Smartify appeal to art enthusiasts by demystifying the art world. Magnus has built a database of more than 10 million images of art, and aims to help ____4____ art buyers navigate art galleries and fairs with little information. Smartify, on the other hand, ____5____ museumgoers, cooperating with institutions to provide educational content and accessibility features like audio guides for users with visual problems. Similarly, Google Lens is ____6____ into art, partnering with museums like San Francisco’s de Young Museum and platforms like Wescover to identify public and local art. However, building a “Shazam for art” faces unique challenges. Unlike music, ____7____ individual artworks is complicated by its sheer volume, copyright issues, and the limitations of image recognition technology, particularly with 3D objects. Despite these ____8____, apps like Magnus bring clarity to a commonly secretive market, helping users navigate galleries and even negotiate prices. After a few weeks of trying out apps-for-art in museums and galleries, I found that they did not increase the quality of my visual ____9____. The app shouldn’t be our sole guide through the visual world. Walking around the New Museum with the Magnus app, I found myself breezing past paintings, not looking too hard at details because the camera was looking for me, and the app knew much more than I did. There was that little ____10____, satisfying click of recognition. It was hard to stop. 【答案】1. G 2. J 3. D 4. I 5. K 6. F 7. C 8. H 9. E 10. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一系列能够识别艺术品并提供相关信息的手机应用程序，如Magnus、Smartify和Google Lens，阐述了它们的功能、优势以及面临的挑战，并探讨了这些应用如何改变人们与艺术的互动方式。 【1题详解】 考查动词。句意：我很着迷，于是打开了一款名为Magnus的智能手机应用，几秒钟之内，它就识别出这幅作品是菲利普·帕尔斯坦的《模特与帝国大厦》(1992)，标价30万美元。根据“I opened a smartphone app called Magnus”和“the piece as Philip Pearlstein’s Model With Empire State Building (1992)”可知，是应用识别出了这幅作品的具体信息。G项“identified”意为“识别、确认”，作谓语，符合语境。故选G项。 【2题详解】 考查名词。句意：该应用还提供了它的销售历史，并保存了详细信息以备将来参考。根据“saved the details for future”和常识可推知，保存详细信息是为了以后需要时查看或使用。J项“reference”意为“参考”，作宾语，符合语境。故选J项。 【3题详解】 考查动词。句意：虽然Shazam以超过10亿的下载量占据主导地位，但像Magnus和Smartify这样的应用通过揭开艺术世界的神秘面纱来吸引艺术爱好者。根据“with over a billion downloads”可知，Shazam在音乐识别领域拥有巨大的市场份额和影响力。D项“dominated”意为“主导、支配”，作谓语，可以形象地表示其在市场上的领先地位。故选D项。 【4题详解】 考查形容词。句意：Magnus已经建立了一个包含1000多万张艺术图片数据库，旨在帮助潜在的艺术买家在信息有限的情况下浏览艺术画廊和展览。根据“art buyers navigate art galleries and fairs with little information”可推知，这些浏览艺术画廊和展览的用户信息有限，是有购买意愿但可能还不是专家的买家，即潜在的的买家。I项“prospective”意为“潜在的、未来的”，作定语，符合语境。故选I项。 【5题详解】 考查动词。句意：另一方面，Smartify以博物馆参观者为目标，与机构合作提供教育内容和无障碍功能，比如为有视力障碍的用户提供音频导览。根据“museumgoers”和“to provide educational content and accessibility features like audio guides for users with visual problems.”可知，Smartify将其服务对象瞄准了博物馆参观者，为他们提供音频导览等服务。K项“targets”意为“以……为目标”，作谓语，符合语境。故选K项。 【6题详解】 考查动词。句意：同样，Google Lens正在向艺术领域扩展，与旧金山笛洋美术馆等博物馆和Wescover等平台合作，识别公共和当地艺术品。根据后文“partnering with museums”可知，Google Lens正在将其功能范围扩大到艺术领域。F项“expanding”意为“扩展、扩大”，作谓语，符合语境。故选F项。 【7题详解】 考查动词。句意：与音乐不同，对单个艺术品进行编目因其庞大的数量、版权问题以及图像识别技术的局限性(尤其是对于3D物体)而变得复杂。根据句意和“individual artworks is complicated by...”可推知，此处谈论的是对艺术品进行系统化整理或记录所面临的困难。C项“cataloging”意为“将……编入目录、分类登记”，是处理艺术品信息的基础步骤，且与“database(数据库)”等前文信息呼应。故选C项。 【8题详解】 考查名词。句意：尽管存在这些障碍，但像Magnus这样的应用还是给这个通常很隐秘的市场带来了清晰度，帮助用户浏览画廊甚至议价。根据“Despite these”可知，此处指代前文提到的数量庞大、版权问题、技术限制等挑战。H项“obstacles”意为“障碍、阻碍”，作宾语，符合语境。故选H项。 【9题详解】 考查名词。句意：在博物馆和画廊试用了几周艺术应用后，我发现它们并没有提高我的视觉体验质量。根据“After a few weeks of trying out”可知，作者是在试用后做出评价，是描述应用对个人欣赏艺术品过程的影响。E项“encounters”意为“相遇、接触、体验”，此处指与艺术品互动、观赏的体验，作宾语。故选E项。 【10题详解】 考查形容词。句意：有那么一点让人上瘾的、满足的识别点击声。根据“satisfying click of recognition. It was hard to stop.”可知，这种识别成功带来的轻微满足感让人忍不住想继续使用。A项“addictive”意为“使人上瘾的”，能解释为何“很难停下来”，作定语。故选A项。 话题4 风俗文化 Passage 1 A．ancient    B．decorate    C． mark    D．passage E. rituals    F. slightly     G. specific    H. stages I. symbols    J. traditionally    K. various Celebrating Growth Celebrating another trip around the sun for loved ones is a timeless tradition, but how people celebrate it varies. From enjoying long noodles in China to singing around a cake and candles in America, there are 1 ways to celebrate growth worldwide. An important tradition in Mexican culture is Quinceanera, generally celebrated on a girl’s fifteenth birthday. The celebration is meant to 2 a big step forward in a young girl’s life and is completed with a shining dress and a huge cake. Its similarity to a wedding ceremony is a wish for the girl’s successful 3 into adulthood. In Japan, birthdays aren’t celebrated as often as they are in other countries. Similar to the Chinese, the Japanese 4 . celebrate a person’s turning a year older on New Year’s Day. Similar to birthdays in the Western world, get-togethers might be held. Rather than an official party, young children participate in the 7-5-3 celebration. Children in 5 times often died young, so later when a boy reaches the age of five and a girl three and seven, he or she puts on the finest clothes and gives thanks to gods for health. Africa is made up of many countries or regions, each with its 6 birthday traditions. In one tribe (部落) in Kenya, boys must participate in three traditional 7 which begin at about ages fourteen to sixteen, along with other boys of similar age. To celebrate their graduation to manhood, the tribe usually 8 classic activities such as the Jumping Dance. And in Egypt, family and friends are invited to a party that includes singing and dancing. Flowers and fruit are commonly used to 9 the party. They are gifts from nature and can be seen as 10 of life and growth. Egyptians also have a birthday cake but they do not send birthday cards like people do in America. 【答案】1．K 2．C 3．D 4．J 5．A 6．G 7．E 8．H 9．B 10．I 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了世界各地庆祝生日的不同习俗和活动。 1．考查形容词。句意：从在中国享用长面条到在美国围着蛋糕和蜡烛唱歌，世界各地都有各种庆祝成长的方式。根据“From enjoying long noodles in China to singing around a cake and candles in America”以及句意“各种”可知应填形容词various，作定语修饰名词ways。故选K。 2．考查动词。句意：庆祝活动是为了庆贺一个年轻女孩的生活向前迈出了一大步，并以一件闪亮的裙子和一个巨大的蛋糕来结束。be meant to do sth.为固定搭配，设空处填动词原形，根据“a big step forward in a young girl’s life”可知庆祝活动是为了庆贺一个年轻女孩的生活向前迈出了一大步，动词mark“纪念，庆贺”符合句意。故选C。 3．考查名词。句意：它与婚礼仪式相似，是对女孩成功进入成年的祝愿。设空处作宾语，，passage“过渡，通道”为名词，passage into adulthood意为“成年仪式”符合句意，故选D。 4．考查副词。句意：和中国人一样，日本人也会在元旦这一天传统上庆祝自己又老了一岁。根据“Similar to the Chinese”以及句意“传统”可知应填副词traditionally，修饰动词celebrate。故选J。 5．考查形容词。句意：在古代，孩子们往往早夭，所以当男孩长到五岁，女孩长到三岁和七岁时，他们就会穿上最好的衣服，感谢上帝赐予他们健康。根据“times often died young, so later when a boy reaches the age of five and a girl three and seven, he or she puts on the finest clothes and gives thanks to gods for health”以及句意“古代”可知应填形容词ancient“古代的”，修饰名词times。故选A。 6．考查形容词。句意：非洲由许多国家或地区组成，每个国家或地区都有自己独特的生日传统。根据“Africa is made up of many countries or regions”以及后文“In one tribe in Kenya, boys must participate in three traditional”可知，每个国家或地区都有自己独特的生日传统，形容词specific“独特的，特有的”符合句意，作定语修饰名词traditions。故选G。 7．考查名词。句意：在肯尼亚的一个部落里，男孩们必须在14岁到16岁之间和其他同龄男孩一起参加三个传统仪式。根据“boys must participate in three traditional”以及句意“仪式”可知应填名词ritual，根据上文three可知应填复数形式rituals。故选E。 8．考查动词。句意：为了庆祝他们成年，部落通常会举办一些经典的活动，比如跳跃舞。作谓语，根据“classic activities such as the Jumping Dance”可知此处指“举行经典活动”，动词stage“举办；举行”符合句意，根据句意和usually可知此句陈述一般性事实，用一般现在时，主语为the tribe，谓语用三单形式stages。故选H。 9．考查动词。句意：花和水果通常用来装饰聚会。根据“Flowers and fruit”可知此处指“装饰派对”，动词decorate“装饰”符合句意；be used to do sth.“被用来……”，此空填动词原形。故选B。 10．考查名词。句意：它们是大自然的礼物，可以被视为生命和成长的象征。根据“seen”以及“of life and growth”可知，此处表示“被看作是生命和成长的象征”，作介词as宾语，名词symbol“象征”符合句意，根据“They are gifts from nature”可知应填名词复数symbols。故选I。 Passage 2 A．forms  B．present  C． reflected  D．direction  E. works F. dates  G. amazing  H. respect  I. key  J. former  K. factors China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history. There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main 1 has been the Chinese writing system. At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. It 2 back several thousand years to the use of longgu— animal bones and shells (壳) on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. Some of the ancient symbols can still be 3 in today’ s hanzi. By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols had become a well-developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different 4 , as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects (方言) and characters. This, however, changed under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty. Emperor Qinshihuang unified (统一) the seven major states into one country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one 5 . That writing system was 6 to connecting the Chinese people and culture. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing. Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s 7 is connected with its past. People in modern times can read the classic 8 written by the Chinese in ancient times. The high 9 for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture. Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this 10 language. 【答案】1．K 2．F 3．C 4．A 5．D 6．I 7．B 8．E 9．H 10．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国古老的文明和汉字系统的发展历程及其重要性。 1．考查名词。句意：这之所以成为可能的原因有很多，但其中一个主要的因素是中国的书写系统。根据上文“There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main”可知，空处指“主要的因素”，应填名词复数，factors“因素”为名词复数，符合句意。故选K项。 2．考查动词。句意：它可以追溯到几千年前中国人使用龙骨 —— 刻有符号的动物骨头和贝壳的时代。根据上文“At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language”以及下文“back several thousand years”可知，中国的书写系统“可以追溯到”几千年前，dates back to“追溯到；始于”为固定短语。空处应填谓语动词第三人称单数形式dates，符合句意。故选F项。 3．考查动词。句意：一些古代符号在今天的汉字中仍然有所体现。根据上文“Some of the ancient symbols”以及下文“in today’ s hanzi”可知，这些古老的符号在今天的一些汉字中仍然“被体现”，空处与be动词构成被动语态，表被动，reflect“反射；反映；体现”，其过去分词形式reflected，符合句意。故选C项。 4．考查名词。句意：多年来，这个系统发展成了不同的形式，因为当时人们地理上分隔开来，导致方言和文字有很多不同的种类。根据上文“the system developed into different”可知，空处应填复数名词，作宾语，forms“形式”为名词复数，符合句意。故选A项。 5．考查名词。句意：秦始皇把七大强国统一成一个国家，中国的书写系统开始朝着一个方向发展。根据上文“Emperor Qinshihuang unified the seven major states into one country”可知，中国的书写系统开始朝着一个“方向”发展，空处应填名词作宾语，direction“方向”为可数名词，符合句意。故选D项。 6．考查名词。句意：那个书写系统是连接中国人民和文化的关键。根据上文“That writing system was”以及下文“to connecting the Chinese people and culture”可知，那个书写系统是连接中国人民和文化的“关键”，key“关键”，符合句意。故选I项。 7．考查名词。句意：书面汉语也已经成为中国现在与过去联系的重要手段。根据上文“Written Chinese has also become an important means”以及下文“with its past”可知，书面汉语已经成为中国“现在”与过去相联系的重要手段，空处应填名词，作主语，present“现在”为名词，符合句意。故选B项。 8．考查名词。句意：现代人可以阅读古代中国人写的经典著作。根据上文“People in modern times can read the classic”以及下文“written by the Chinese in ancient times”可知，现代人可以阅读古代中国人写的“作品”，空处应填名词，作宾语，works“作品”为可数名词，此处表泛指，用名词复数works，符合句意。故选E项。 9．考查名词。句意：对汉字书写系统的尊重可以从汉字作为艺术形式的发展中看出，这种艺术形式被称为中国书法，已经成为中国文化的重要组成部分。根据上文“The high”以及下文“for the Chinese writing system”可知，空处指对汉字书写系统的“尊重”，应填名词，作主语，respect“尊重”为不可数名词，符合句意。故选H项。 10．考查形容词。句意：随着中国在全球事务中发挥越来越大的作用，越来越多的国际学生开始通过这种令人惊叹的语言来欣赏中国的文化和历史。根据上文“an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this”以及下文“language”可知，越来越多的国际学生开始通过这种“令人惊叹的”语言来欣赏中国的文化和历史，空处应填形容词，作定语，amazing“令人惊叹的”为形容词，符合句意。故选G项。 Passage 3 A．constantly        B．concern        C． impact        D．emphasis        E weight F. trendy           G. generation      H. pattern        I. alternative        J. surrounded K. elegantly The Rise of Retro Fashion Do you care about what you wear? Some people are very fashion-conscious, carefully selecting the clothes they buy and how they dress. Fashionistas (时尚达人) always want to be seen in the latest designer gear. But that trend is changing as retro or vintage clothing is becoming a popular and often cheaper 1 . Of course, “vintage” clothing is really second-hand clothing, worn before but given a second life. The fashion industry has rebranded this stuff to make it look 2 and possibly give it a higher price tag. Whereas we may have seen an old faded pair of jeans or a dress with a flower 3 sold at a jumble sale (旧货拍卖会), now we are 4 with boutique and pop-up shops dedicated to the stuff. And in the UK, one supermarket chain has started selling second-hand clothes in some of its stores. According to managing director Steve Lynam, the more people invest in the circular economy and shop vintage, the bigger 5 we will have on climate change. Certainly, buying vintage puts 6 on extending the life of clothing. It cuts down on waste and helps to reduce the environmental damage caused by manufacturing new clothes. It’s also led to the rise of retro-fashion-items that your mum or dad wore decades ago that now look 7 cool again! It’s a big thing with younger people and has been helped by the rise of platforms like Depop and Vinted, which sell “worn” clothes online. As lanina Lucca, Senior Vice President at Depop explained: “The new 8 is looking to make choices that reduce their impact on the environment, with 77% of Gen Z saying that their biggest environmental 9 being that they want their choices to reduce waste.” Another popular way of buying old clothes is in a vintage kilo sale. People pick what they want and then pay according to 10 rather than per item. Some items are upcycled — re-modelled or re-worked by adding embroidery, patches and other additions. However, these second-hand clothes are worn or re-designed, the sustainability of vintage fashion means it’s here to stay for some time to come. 【答案】1．I 2．F 3．H 4．J 5．C 6．D 7．K 8．G 9．B 10．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了复古二手时尚的兴起这一现象，并着重分析了越来越多的人对二手古着青睐有加的原因。 1．考查名词。句意：但这一趋势正在改变，复古服装或古着正成为一种流行且往往更便宜的选择。分析句子可知，空处被popular和often cheaper修饰，作becoming的表语，名词alternative“选择”符合题意，句中表示“一种流行且往往更便宜的选择”。故选I。 2．考查形容词。句意：时尚界给这种东西重新打上了标签，让它看起来时尚，可能还会卖得更高。分析句子可知，空处作look的表语，形容词trendy“时尚的”符合题意，句中表示“让它看起来时尚”。故选F。 3．考查名词。句意：虽然我们可能会在旧货拍卖会上看到一条褪色的旧牛仔裤或一条印有花朵图案的裙子，但现在我们周围都是专门出售这些东西的精品店和快闪店。分析句子可知，空处被flower修饰，作with的宾语，名词pattern“图案”符合题意，和flower搭配表示“花朵图案”。故选H。 4．考查动词。句意：虽然我们可能会在旧货拍卖会上看到一条褪色的旧牛仔裤或一条印有花朵图案的裙子，但现在我们周围都是专门出售这些东西的精品店和快闪店。分析句子可知，空处作主句的谓语，根据空前的are可推知，句子可能使用了被动语态，动词的过去分词形式surrounded“包围”符合题意，be surrounded by是固定短语，意为“被……包围”。故选J。 5．考查名词。句意：总经理Steve Lynam表示，投资循环经济和购买古着的人越多，我们对气候变化的影响就越大。分析句子可知，空处被bigger修饰，作have的宾语，名词impact“影响”符合题意，have an impact on是固定短语，意为“对……有影响”。故选C。 6．考查名词。句意：当然，购买古着强调的是延长衣服的寿命。分析句子可知，空处作puts的宾语，名词emphasis“强调”符合题意，put emphasis on是固定短语，意为“强调，突出”。故选D。 7．考查副词。句意：这也导致了复古时尚的兴起——几十年前你妈妈或爸爸穿的衣服现在看起来又优雅又酷了！分析句子可知，空处作修饰cool的状语，副词elegantly“优雅地”符合题意，句中表示“看起来又优雅又酷”。故选K。 8．考查名词。句意：新一代正在寻求做出减少对环境影响的选择，77%的Z世代表示，他们在环境方面最关心的事是他们希望自己的选择减少浪费。分析句子可知，空处被new修饰，作主句的主语，名词generation“一代（人）”符合题意，和new搭配表示“新一代”。故选G。 9．考查名词。句意：新一代正在寻求做出减少对环境影响的选择，77%的Z世代表示，他们在环境方面最关心的事是他们希望自己的选择减少浪费。分析句子可知，空处被environmental修饰，名词concern“关心的事”符合题意，和environmental搭配表示“在环境方面关心的事”。故选B。 10．考查名词。句意：人们选择他们想要的东西，然后根据重量而不是每件物品付款。分析句子可知，空处作according to的宾语，名词weight“重量”符合题意，句中表示“根据重量而不是每件物品付款”。故选E。 话题5 人与社会 Passage 1 A.supportive B. blamed C. ground D. economically E. continuing F. influenced G. positively H. rights I. roles J. shape K. sensed DR. ALAA MURABIT In October 1989, Alaa Murabit, the middle child of 11, was born in a Canadian home to an immigrant family from Libya in Africa. Her younger years were filled with fun and kindness. Her ____1____ parents treated her and her siblings with equality and fairness. Her father emphasized the importance of education and gender equality, which greatly ____2____ her views on social justice. Growing up with so many brothers and sisters, Alaa says that she attended “Diplomacy 101” at home. She learned to focus, negotiate and talk fast, or she wouldn’t get a chance to do anything. Most importantly, she learned that it was necessary to have a seat at the table to defend yourself. For example, if a lamp got broken, and you weren’t around to defend yourself, you might end up being ____3____ . An extremely gifted girl, Alaa graduated from high school at age 15. After that, the family moved to her parents’ hometown in Libya. The following year she began studying at the College of Medicine at AI Zawiya University in Libya, graduating in 2013. In the midst of her medical studies, civil war broke out in Libya in February 2011. It wasn’t until then, at age 21, that Murabit ____4____ a cultural shift as women were given a seat at the table. They were finally involved in decision-making and information-sharing to fight against the war taking place around them. But, as religious political leaders persuaded women to return to their previous ____5____ , many women disappeared from the range of influence. It was then that Murabit founded The Voice of Libyan Women, a national organization to ____6____ women’s rights. The organization works to improve political participation and empower women ____7____ . Additionally, she helps to promote security for all, creates strategies for establishing and maintaining peace and encourages faith-supported peace building. Following medical school, Murabit went on to receive a master’s degree from the London School of Economics while ____8____ to push for women’s rights. She talked in schools and homes and put up posters and signboards around the country promoting those ____9____ . She fights not only for women but also for the health of the world. Dr. Murabit’s leadership helped to ____10____the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015, impacting billions of people for the better. 【答案】1. A 2. F 3. B 4. K 5. I 6. J 7 D 8. E 9. H 10. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了利比亚女医生Alaa Murabit的成长经历。她出生于移民家庭，深受父母平等观念影响。面对利比亚内战，她创办组织倡导女性权利，并推动联合国可持续发展目标，展现了卓越领导力。 【1题详解】 考查形容词。句意：她富有支持力的父母对她和她的兄弟姐妹一视同仁、公平对待。第一空使用形容词作定语，根据前文“Her younger years were filled with fun and kindness.(她年轻时充满欢乐与善良。)”可知，此处表示她年轻时充满欢乐与善良，由此表示她的父母是富有支持力的。表示“富有支持力的”用supportive。故选A。 【2题详解】 考查动词。句意：她的父亲强调教育和性别平等的重要性，这极大地影响了她对社会正义的看法。设空处使用动词作which引导非限制性定语从句的谓语动词，根据前文“Her father emphasized the importance of education and gender equality”可知，此处表示父亲强调教育和性别平等的重要性，这影响了她对社会正义的看法，所以用influence，意为“影响”，根据前文emphasized可知，句子为一般过去时。故填F。 【3题详解】 考查动词。句意：例如，如果一盏灯坏了，而你不在身边为自己辩护，你最终可能会受到指责。分析句子结构可知，第三空为谓语动词，根据前文“if a lamp got broken, and you weren’t around to defend yourself”可知，此处表示如果一盏灯坏了，而你不在身边为自己辩护，你最终可能会受到指责，所以用blame，意为“责备”，根据前文might end up being可知，句子为被动关系，所以填blamed。故填B。 【4题详解】 考查动词。句意：直到那时，21岁的Murabit才感觉到一种文化转变，女性开始有了发言权。设空处使用动词作谓语，根据后文“a cultural shift as women were given a seat at the table”可知，此处表示21岁的Murabit才感觉到一种文化转变，女性开始有了发言权，所以用sense，意为“觉察，意识到”，根据前文It wasn’t until then可知，句子为一般过去时。故填K。 【5题详解】 考查名词。句意：但是，当宗教政治领袖说服女性回到她们以前的角色时，许多女性从影响力范围中消失了。此处使用名词作宾语，根据后文“many women disappeared from the range of influence”可知，此处表示当宗教政治领袖说服女性回到她们以前的角色时，许多女性从影响力范围中消失了，所以用role，意为“角色”，根据前文previous可知，此处表示以前的角色，所以用复数形式。故填I。 【6题详解】 考查动词。句意：就在那时，Murabit创立了“利比亚妇女之声”组织，这是一个全国性组织，旨在塑造女性的权利。根据前文的to可知，此处使用动词原形与前文的to构成不定式结构，根据后文“women’s rights”可知，此处表示一个塑造妇女权利的国家组织，所以用shape，意为“塑造，构建”，此处为动词不定式作后置定语。故填J。 【7题详解】 考查副词。句意：该组织致力于提高政治参与度，在经济上赋予妇女权力。设空处使用副词作状语修饰动词empower，根据句意可知，此处表示在经济上赋予妇女权力，所以用economically，意为“经济上地”。故填D。 【8题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：医学院毕业后，Murabit继续在伦敦政治经济学院攻读硕士学位，同时继续推动妇女权利。此处为while引导的时间状语从句的省略，while引导的时间状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，从句可以省略主语和be动词，使用现在分词形式，根据后文“to push for women’s rights”可知，此处表示同时继续推动妇女权利，所以用continue，意为“继续”，与逻辑主语Murabit之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填E。 【9题详解】 考查名词。句意：她在学校和家里演讲，并在全国各地张贴海报和标语牌来宣传这些权利。设空处使用名词作宾语；根据前文“She talked in schools and homes and put up posters and signboards around the country promoting those”可知，此处表示她在学校和家里演讲，并在全国各地张贴海报和标语牌来宣传这些权利，所以用right，意为“权力”，根据those可知，此处表示这些权利，所以用复数形式。故填H。 【10题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：Murabit博士的领导力帮助为2015年联合国可持续发展目标（SDGs）奠定了基础，使数十亿人受益。分析句子结构可知，第十空为非谓语动词，根据后文“the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015”可知，此处表示Murabit博士的领导力帮助为2015年联合国可持续发展目标（SDGs）奠定了基础，所以用ground，意为“奠定基础”，help to do sth.为固定短语，意为“帮助做某事”，所以此处用动词原形。故填C。 Passage 2 A．critics        B．experimented        C．supply        D．sufficient        E．feed        F．resolve G．hazardous        H．novel                I．processed        J．produced        K．extinct The population of the world is increasing rapidly. By 2030, there could be 8.0 billion people on earth. Will there be 1 food for all these people, or will we have a food shortage? Some scientists think fish farming could 2 this problem. However, other scientists worry that fish farming could cause serious environmental problems. Fish farming is not a 3 thing. There were fish farms in China 3, 000 years ago. Today, about one-third of the fish we eat comes from fish farms. Most fish farms raise plant-eating fish. Popular kinds of plant-eating fish are carp, tilapia, and catfish. Unfortunately, many fish farms are starting to raise meat-eating fish. A popular type of meat-eating fish is salmon. These meat-eating fish live on 4 food made from wild fish. However, it takes up to 5 tons of wild fish to produce just 1 ton of farm-raised salmon. The 5 of wild fish is already decreasing. Eventually, many types of wild fish could go 6 . What will we do then? 7 of fish farming also say that farm-raised fish is unhealthy for humans. They say the fish contains dangerous chemicals. They also blame the issue on fish farming because it pollutes the water. Another criticism is that farm-raised fish can spread diseases to wild fish. Some people say that the farming methods being used now hasn’t 8 enough fish anyway. Instead of putting fish farms in lakes or near the coast, they say that the fish farms should be moved far out into the ocean. Several countries have already 9 with deep-ocean farms. In the future, fish farms might be large cages that move across the ocean. Like most things, there is both a good and a bad side to fish farming. Fish farming may help to 10 millions of people. At the same time, however, fish farming may damage the environment. 【答案】1．D 2．F 3．H 4．I 5．C 6．K 7．A 8．J 9．B 10．E 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了世界人口增长和随之而来的潜在食物短缺问题，以及养鱼作为解决方案的利弊。 1．考查形容词。句意：到2030年，地球上可能将有80亿人口。会有足够的食物供给所有这些人吗，还是会发生食物短缺？根据后文“or will we have a food shortage(还是会发生食物短缺)”可知，此处应表示“足够的”，形容词。故选D项。 2．考查动词。句意：然而，其他科学家担心养鱼可能会引起严重的环境问题。根据前文“some scientists think fish farming could(其他科学家担心养鱼可能会)”以及下文“this problem(这一问题)”可知，此处应表示“解决”含义的动词。故选F项。 3．考查形容词。句意：养鱼不是一件新鲜事。根据前文“Fish farming is not a(养鱼不是一件)”和后文“There were fish farms in China 3, 000 years ago(三千多年前在中国就有渔场)”可知，此处应表示“新奇的，新颖的”，使用形容词作定语。故选H项。 4．考查动词。句意：不幸的是，许多养鱼场开始养殖食肉鱼类。一种受欢迎的食肉鱼类是鲑鱼。这些食肉鱼类以加工食物为食，这些食物由野生鱼类制成。根据后文“made from wild fish(由野生鱼类制成)”可知，此处应表示“加工”。故选I项。 5．考查名词。句意：然而，这需要多达5吨的野生鱼类才能生产出1吨的养鱼场养殖鲑鱼。根据后文“wild fish is already decreasing(野生鱼的……正在下降)”可知，此处应表示“供应”。故选C项。 6．考查形容词。句意：最终，许多野生鱼类可能会灭绝。根据上文“wild fish could go(野生鱼会……)”以及下文“What will we do then?(那个时候我们应该怎么办？)”可知，此处应表示“灭绝的”。故选K项。 7．考查名词。句意：养鱼的批评者还说，养鱼对人类来说是不健康的。根据后文“Another criticism is that farm-raised fish can spread diseases to wild fish (另一个批评是渔场养的鱼会将疾病传播至野生鱼)”可知，此处应表示“批评者”。故选A项。 8．考查动词。句意：然而，现在使用的方法还没有产生足够的鱼类。根据后文“enough fish (足够的鱼)”可知，此处应表示“产生”。故选J项。 9．考查动词。句意：几个国家已经在深海养殖场进行了实验。根据后文“with deep-ocean farms(深海养殖场)”可知，此处应表示“对……进行实验”。故选B项。 10．考查动词。句意：渔场养殖有助于养活数百万人。根据后文“millions of people(数百万人)”可知，此处应表示“养活”。故选E项。 Passage 3 A．comprehensive B．spread C． impact D．incredible E. observed F. compared G. success H. firmly I. combination J. heavily K. motivate A new report by the World Health Organization (WHO) reveals that around one in a hundred deaths worldwide is due to passive smoking, which kills an estimated 600,000 people a year. In the first study to assess the global 1 of second-hand smoke, WHO experts find that children are more 2 exposed to second-hand smoke than any other age-group, and around 165,000 of them a year die because of it. Children’s exposure to second-hand smoke is most likely to happen at home, and the double blow of infectious diseases and tobacco seems to be a deadly 3 for children in these regions. Commenting on the findings, Heather Wipfli and Jonathan Samet from the University of Southern California, said policymakers try to 4 families to stop smoking in the home. While deaths due to passive smoking in children were skewed (曲解) toward poor and middle-income countries, deaths in adults were 5 across countries at all income levels. In Europe’s high-income countries, only 71 child deaths occurred, while 35,388 deaths were in adults. Yet in the countries like Africa, an estimated 43,375 deaths due to passive smoking were in children 6 with 9,514 in adults. Only 7.4 percent of the world population currently lives in places with 7 smoke-free laws, and those laws are not always 8 enforced (施行). In places where smoke-free rules are 9 , research shows that exposure to second-hand smoke in high-risk places like bars and restaurants can be cut by 90 percent, and in general by 60 percent, the researchers said. Studies also show such laws help to reduce the number of cigarettes smoked by smokers and lead to higher 10 rates in those trying to quit. 【答案】1．C 2．J 3．I 4．K 5．B 6．F 7．A 8．H 9．E 10．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了二手烟的危害以及制定无烟法律的影响。 1．考查名词。句意：在第一项评估二手烟全球影响的研究中，世界卫生组织专家发现，儿童遭受二手烟的影响比任何其他年龄群体的人更严重，其中每年约有165000人死于二手烟。根据空前的形容词global，空处应用名词作宾语。根据“children are more 　　2　　exposed to second-hand smoke than any other age-group, and around 165,000 of them a year die because of it”可知，这里是说二手烟的影响。impact“影响”符合题意。故选C。 2．考查副词。句意参考上题。空处应用副词作状语修饰动词exposed。根据“around 165,000 of them a year die because of it”，这里是说儿童遭受二手烟的影响严重。heavily“严重地，大量地”符合题意。故选J。 3．考查名词。句意：儿童接触二手烟最有可能发生在家里，传染病和烟草的双重打击似乎是这些地区儿童的致命组合。根据空前的a，这里应用名词单数形式。根据“the double blow of infectious diseases and tobacco”，这里是说传染病和烟草的组合。combination“结合体，结合”符合题意。故选I。 4．考查动词。句意：南加州大学的Heather Wipfli和Jonathan Samet在评论这一发现时表示，政策制定者试图激励家庭在家里戒烟。try to do sth.意为“试图做某事”，所以空处应用动词原形。根据空后的“to stop smoking in the home”，这里是说激励这些家庭停止在家吸烟。motivate“激励”符合题意。故选K。 5．考查动词。句意：尽管儿童因被动吸烟而死亡的情况倾向于在贫穷和中等收入国家，但成年人的死亡分布在各个收入水平的国家。根据空前的were，空处应用动词的过去分词形式，构成一般过去时的被动语态。根据空后的“across countries at all income levels”，这里是说成年人的死亡分布在各个收入水平的国家。spread“使分散，使分布”为动词，其过去式和过去分词均为spread。故选B。 6．考查动词。句意：然而，在非洲等国家，与成年人9514的死亡人数相比，估计有43375名儿童死于被动吸烟。分析句子结构，空处应用非谓语动词，在句中作状语。compared with意为“与……相比”，符合题意。故选F。 7．考查形容词。句意：目前，世界上只有7.4%的人口生活在有全面无烟法律的地方，而这些法律并不总是得到严格执行。根据空后的“smoke-free laws”，空处应用形容词作定语，表示全面无烟的法律。comprehensive“全面的”符合题意。故选A。 8．考查副词。句意参考上题。空处应用副词作状语修饰enforced。根据空前的“are not always”，这里是说这些全面无烟的法律并不总是得到严格的执行。firmly“坚定地”符合题意。故选H。 9．考查动词。句意：研究人员表示，在遵守无烟规定的地方，研究表明在酒吧和餐馆等高风险场所二手烟接触可以减少90%，而一般情况下是减少60%。根据空前的are，空处应用动词的过去分词形式，构成一般现在时的被动语态。根据“research shows that exposure to second-hand smoke in high-risk places like bars and restaurants can be cut by 90 percent”，这里是说在遵守无烟规定的地方可以有效减少二手烟的接触，observed“遵守”符合题意。故选E。 10．考查名词。句意：研究还表明，这些法律有助于减少吸烟者吸烟的数量，并提高戒烟者的成功率。根据空后的rates，这里应用名词，作定语。根据“help to reduce the number of cigarettes smoked by smokers”和“in those trying to quit”，这里是说这些法律可以减少吸烟，提高戒烟者戒烟的成功率。success“成功”符合题意。故选G。 话题6 自然生态 Passage 1 A．appearances B．imitating C． distinguish D．isolate E. advantageous F. diverse G. identical H. criterion I. markings J. poisonous K. threatening Why different species start looking exactly the same Is it better to stand out from the crowd or be similar to the background? For birds, the answer is complicated. While peacocks(孔雀) show off their brightly colored feathers to attract mates and ward off predators(捕食者), other birds find it 1 to hide themselves by imitating the looks of other birds. Groups of birds flying together often come from the same species, making it hard to 2 one from another. However, some groups of birds including two or more species take on similar 3 , which is an uncommon phenomenon. “They all share random features, like feathers on head or yellow bellies(腹部), which makes them almost 4 . You can’t really tell them apart without looking at their 5 .” says Scott Robinson, a famous scholar. His new study suggests 6 another bird’s appearance is not a coincidence(巧合) but rather an evolutionary method to increase their chances of survival. Looking like a bird from a dominant species helps reduce attack from other members and appear more 7 to potential predators. “In imitation, you often want to look like something because there’s an advantage to being that other thing. You want species to think you’re 8 or low-profitable target.” says Rebecca Kimball, a professor of biology. “In grouping birds, one idea is that this has more to do with a predator’s ability to 9 a target. When there are a group of birds moving around, it may be easier for predators to identify an individual that has a distinct color pattern.” While it may not seem like it at first, imitating other birds is helping to create more 10 species. Not only do birds imitate more than one species as they grow up, but their appearance varies over time. 【答案】1．E 2．C 3．A 4．G 5．I 6．B 7．K 8．J 9．D 10．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了不同物种模仿其他物种特征的原因。 1．考查形容词。句意：虽然孔雀炫耀其色彩鲜艳的羽毛来吸引配偶和抵御捕食者，但其他鸟类则发现通过模仿别的鸟类的外表来隐藏自己是有利的。“find it+adj.+to do sth.”是固定句型，所以空处应用形容词作宾补。根据“While peacocks(孔雀) show off their brightly colored feathers to attract mates and ward off predators(捕食者)”，While引导让步状语从句，所以这里与上文形成转折，表示的是虽然孔雀展示自己色彩鲜艳的羽毛，但其他鸟类发现模仿别的鸟类外表是有利的。advantageous意为“有利的，有好处的”。故选E。 2．考查动词。句意：成群的鸟类经常来自同一物种，使得很难区分彼此。根据空前的不定式符号to，这里应用动词原形。根据空后的“one from another”，这里是说难以区分彼此。distinguish意为“区分，辨别”。故选C。 3．考查名词。句意：然而，有两个或两个以上物种的一些鸟类群体具有相似的外观，这是一种罕见的现象。根据空前的“similar”可知，这里应用名词作宾语。根据下文中的“They all share random features”，这里是说这些鸟的外表相似。appearance意为“外表”，此处不止一只鸟的外表，应用复数。故选A。 4．考查形容词。句意：它们都有随机的特征，比如头上的羽毛或黄色的腹部，这使它们几乎完全相同。“make+宾语+宾补”是固定结构，分析句子结构，这里应用形容词作宾补。根据下文中的“You can’t really tell them apart”，这里是说这些鸟看起来几乎一样。identical意为“完全同样的，相同的”。故选G。 5．考查名词。句意：如果不看它们的标记，你就无法真正区分它们。根据空前的their，空处应用名词作宾语。根据空前的“without looking at their”，这里是说如果不看这些鸟的标记，就不能把它们区分开，“标记”为名词marking，表示不止一个标记，应用复数。故选I。 6．考查动名词。句意：他的新研究表明，模仿另一只鸟的外表并不是巧合，而是一种增加它们生存机会的进化方法。根据空后的“another bird’s appearance”和第一段中的“by imitating the looks of other birds”，这里是说模仿另一只鸟的外表。imitate意为“模仿”，分析句子结构，suggests后面是一个宾语从句，空处作主语，应用动名词形式imitating。故选B。 7．考查形容词。句意：看起来像一只优势种类的鸟有助于减少其他成员的攻击，并显得对潜在的捕食者更有威胁。空处应用形容词，作appear的表语。根据句中的“Looking like a bird from a dominant species helps reduce attack from other members”，这里是说外表像优势种类的鸟可以看起来对潜在的捕食者更有威胁。threatening意为“威胁的”。故选K。 8．考查形容词。句意：你想让物种认为你是有毒的或好处少的目标。根据空前的you’re，空处应用形容词作表语。根据or后的low-profitable，前后表达的特征相近，这种特征可以让捕食者打消猎捕的念头，所以让对方认为有毒可以达到目的。poisonous意为“有毒的”。故选J。 9．考查动词。句意：在对鸟类进行分组时，一种想法是，这更多地与捕食者找出目标的能力有关。空前有不定式符号to，所以空处应用动词原形。根据下文中的“it may be easier for predators to identify an individual that has a distinct color pattern”，捕食者更容易识别有不同特征的鸟，即有找出目标的能力。isolate意为“将……剔出（以便看清和单独处理）”。故选D。 10．考查形容词。句意：虽然一开始可能看起来不像，但模仿其他鸟类有助于创造更多样化的物种。根据空前的more和空后的species，这里应用形容词作定语，修饰名词species。根据下文中的“their appearance varies over time”，这里是说模仿有助于创造出更加多样的物种。diverse意为“多样化的”。故选F。 Passage 2 A．houses  B．approaching  C． appear  D．talent  E. exclusively F. lowered  G. hiding  H. limits  I. dramatically  J. natural  K. sensitive Dolphin Senses New research involving trained dolphins seems to further prove that these animals can sense electricity. The 1 may allow them to better lock onto hidden fish hunted and direct the path. The ability to sense electric fields is known as electroreception(电感受). All animals produce a weak electric field, but electroreception has almost 2 been found in water creatures. About a decade ago, scientists published research suggesting that some dolphins have passive electroreception. And in 2021, researchers in Germany released their own study finding that dolphins likely have it, too. This new research is a follow-up to that latter study by the same team—one intended to better describe the 3 of electroreception in bottlenose dolphins. The researchers teamed up with scientists from the Nuremberg Zoo, which currently 4 six dolphins. They specifically worked with two bottlenose dolphins named Donna and Dolly. They first trained them to rest their jaws on a metal bar in the water, and then to respond to an electric field 5 them by swimming away within five seconds. They then gradually 6 the strength of this field to test the dolphins’ sensitivity. The findings further prove that bottlenose dolphins can indeed sense electricity, but suggest that some dolphins are better at it than others. Donna, for instance, was a bit more 7 and able to respond correctly to a weaker field than Dolly. The electroreception found in dolphins doesn’t 8 to be as strong as it is in the typical shark, but it’s probably still useful enough for them to find fish 9 underneath sand, stones or mud within a few centimeters away. Other studies have suggested that dolphins also possess a sense that acts as a sort of 10 GPS for them. So these dolphins’ electroreception might provide an explanation for that ability as well, Huttner said. 【答案】1．D 2．E 3．H 4．A 5．B 6．F 7．K 8．C 9．G 10．J 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究表明海豚能够感知电，这种天赋可以让它们更好地锁定隐藏的鱼类并指引路径。 1．考查名词。句意：这种天赋可以让它们更好地锁定被猎杀的隐藏鱼类并指引路径。空前有The，空处应用名词作主语。根据上文中的“these animals can sense electricity”可知，海豚能够感知电，这是一种天赋。talent意为“天赋”。名词做主语。故选D。 2．考查副词。句意：所有动物都会产生微弱的电场，但电接收几乎只在水生生物中发现。空处应用副词修饰谓语。but前后表示转折，前面“All animals produce a weak electric field”说所有动物都会产生微弱的电场，所以这里应说的是几乎只有水生生物有电接受的能力。exclusively意为“只能，仅仅”副词作状语。故选E。 3．考查名词。句意：这项新研究是同一团队对后一项研究的后续研究，旨在更好地描述宽吻海豚的电接收极限。根据空前的the可知，空处应用名词作宾语。根据下文中的“They first trained them to rest their jaws on a metal bar in the water, and then to respond to an electric field 　　5　　them by swimming away within five seconds. They then gradually 　　6　　the strength of this field to test the dolphins’ sensitivity.(他们首先训练它们将下巴放在水中的金属棒上，然后在五秒内游泳离开，以应对……它们的电场。然后，他们逐渐……这片电场的强度，以测试海豚的敏感性。)”可知，他们做实验是为了弄清楚宽吻海豚的电接收极限。limit意为“极限”，limits是其复数。故选H。 4．考查动词。句意：研究人员与纽伦堡动物园的科学家合作，该动物园目前有六只海豚。空处作从句的谓语，应用动词。根据空后的“six dolphins”可知，这里表示该动物园有六只海豚。house意为“收藏，让……居住”，为及物动词，houses是其第三人称单数形式。故选A。 5．考查动词。句意：他们首先训练它们将下巴放在水中的金属棒上，然后在五秒内游泳离开，以应对接近它们的电场。空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰an electric field，根据空后的“them by swimming away within five seconds”可知，这里表示通过在五秒内游泳离开来应对接近的电场，approach意为“靠近，接近”，approaching是其现在分词形式，和逻辑主语an electric field是主谓关系，符合题意。故选B。 6．考查动词。句意：然后，他们逐渐降低这片电场的强度，以测试海豚的敏感性。空处作句子的谓语，应用动词。根据下文中的“able to respond correctly to a weaker field than Dolly”可知，这里表示降低电场的强度。lower意为“降低”，为及物动词，lowered是其过去式。符合题意。故选F。 7．考查形容词。句意：例如，与Dolly相比，Donna更敏感，能够对较弱的磁场做出正确的反应。空处应用形容词作表语。根据上文中的“test the dolphins’ sensitivity”可知，这里表示Donna比Dolly更敏感。sensitive意为“敏感的”。故选K。 8．考查动词。句意：在海豚身上发现的电接收似乎没有在典型的鲨鱼身上那么强，但它可能仍然足够有用，可以让它们在几厘米外的沙子、石头或泥土下找到隐藏的鱼。根据空前的doesn’t 可知，空处应用动词原形。根据空后的“to be...”和句中的“but it’s probably still useful enough for them to find fish”可知，这里表示虽然海豚的电接收似乎没有鲨鱼身上的那么强，但也足够有用了，appear意为“显得，似乎”。故选C。 9．考查动词。句意参考上题。空处应用非谓语动词，作定语修饰fish。根据上文中的“better lock onto hidden fish”和空后的“underneath sand, stones or mud within a few centimeters away”可知，这里表示藏在几厘米外的沙子、石头或泥土下的鱼，hide意为“隐藏”，hiding是其现在分词形式，和逻辑主语fish之间是主谓关系，符合题意。故选G。 10．考查形容词。句意：其他研究表明，海豚也有一种感觉，对它们来说，这充当一种天然的GPS。空处应用形容词作定语。根据句中的“possess a sense”和空后的“GPS for them”可知，海豚拥有的这种感觉可以充当天然的GPS。natural意为“自然的，天然的”。故选J。 Passage 3 A．appetite       B．affected          C． secured         D．strays        E. offence   F. punishable G. fans           H. balancing      I. making         J. grieving        K. retrieve Politicians are competing in an animal-welfare arms race. Michael Jackson had a chimpanzee. Justin Bieber had a capuchin, until it was seized by German customs officials. Rihanna has been photographed bottle-feeding a baby monkey. The trio of stars would find few 1 in the British government, which proposed new restrictions on keeping primates as pets. Britain’s animal-welfare laws are already among the most comprehensive in the world. Wild animals in travelling circuses were banned by law last year, but a decreasing public 2 for parades of elephants and tigers 3 on stools had already put an end to the business. By the time the ban took effect, only two licensed animal circuses were left in Britain, 4 up a sad little zoo of six reindeer, four camels, four zebras, two racoons, a zebu, a macaw and a fox. However, new laws offer more political advantages. Politicians are only too happy to give full rein to the nation’s passion for animals, for pet-friendly policies are cheap and popular. In last year’s election, the Conservative Party promised to help councils reunite 5 with their owners by making it mandatory to microchip cats. The Labour Party, on the other hand, promised to ban the live-boiling of lobsters in restaurants. James Daly, a Member of Parliament, has proposed “Gizmo’s Law”, named after a cat, the victim of a hit-and-run accident, which was cremated (火化) without its owner’s knowledge. The law would oblige councils that 6 dead animals from the roadside to reunite the victims with their 7 owners rather than being anonymously cremated. One of the most popular proposals, which have 8 more than 250,000 signatures in the petitions, is a new 9 of pet theft, which would recognise that dognapping feels more like the abduction (绑架) of a child than the theft of a television. Stealing a pet is already 10 by up to seven years in prison under the Theft Act, and judges can already account for the emotional distress when passing sentence. Still, it could be just the thing for the next manifesto (宣言). 【答案】1．G 2．A 3．H 4．I 5．D 6．K 7．J 8．C 9．E 10．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了英国政界在动物福利领域的竞争态势，涉及多项与动物保护相关的法律提案和举措，展现了政客们如何利用宠物友好政策获取政治优势。 1．考查名词。句意：这三位明星（迈克尔·杰克逊、贾斯汀·比伯、蕾哈娜）在英国政府那里几乎找不到支持者，因为英国政府提议对饲养灵长类动物作为宠物实施新的限制。分析句子可知，空格处需填入名词作宾语，结合前文明星们饲养灵长类宠物的行为与英国政府的限制政策，可知政府不会支持他们，fans意为“支持者”，符合语境，体现政府对这种行为的不认同。故选G项。 2．考查名词。句意：去年，流动马戏团中的野生动物被依法禁止（表演），但公众对大象巡游和老虎踩凳子这类表演的兴趣早已下降，这已然终结了这一行业。分析句子可知，空格处需填入名词，与public搭配，public appetite表示“公众兴趣”，结合后文“had already put an end to the business”，说明公众兴趣的降低导致行业消亡，appetite符合文意，体现公众态度对行业的影响。故选A项。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：去年，流动马戏团中的野生动物被依法禁止（表演），但公众对大象巡游和老虎踩凳子这类表演的兴趣早已下降，这已然终结了这一行业。分析句子可知，空格处需填入动词，修饰tigers，构成“tigers...on stools”的结构，balancing意为“保持平衡”，tigers balancing on stools形象描述了老虎在凳子上表演的动作，符合马戏团表演场景。故选H项。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：到禁令生效时，英国仅剩两家有执照的动物马戏团，它们构成了一个由6只驯鹿、4只骆驼、4只斑马、2只浣熊、1只瘤牛、1只金刚鹦鹉和1只狐狸组成的悲伤小动物园。分析句子可知，空格处需填入动词，构成现在分词短语作结果状语，making up意为“组成”，此处表示两家马戏团的动物共同构成一个小动物园，making符合语境，体现动物的集合状态。故选I项。 5．考查名词。句意：在去年的选举中，保守党承诺通过强制给猫植入微芯片，帮助地方议会让走失的猫与主人团聚。分析句子可知，空格处需填入名词作reunite的宾语，strays意为“走失的宠物”，结合“reunite...with their owners”，可知是让走失的猫回到主人身边，strays符合文意，呼应“微芯片帮助寻回”的逻辑。故选D项。 6．考查动词。句意：这项法律将迫使从路边找回动物尸体的地方议会，让这些遇难的动物与它们悲痛的主人团聚，而不是匿名火化。分析句子可知，空格处需填入动词作谓语，retrieve意为“找回”，与“dead animals from the roadside”搭配，指从路边找回动物尸体，符合法律要求的前提动作。故选K项。 7．考查形容词。句意：这项法律将迫使从路边找回动物尸体的地方议会，让这些遇难的动物与它们悲痛的主人团聚，而不是匿名火化。分析句子可知，空格处需填入形容词修饰owners，grieving意为“悲痛的”，动物遭遇不幸后，主人必然会感到悲痛，grieving符合语境，体现主人的情绪状态。故选J项。 8．考查动词。句意：其中一项最受欢迎的提案在请愿书上已获得超过25万个签名，该提案将宠物盗窃定为一项新罪名，认为偷狗更像是绑架孩子，而非偷电视。分析句子可知，空格处需填入动词作谓语，secured意为“获得”，与“more than 250,000 signatures”搭配，指提案获得大量签名支持，secured符合文意，体现提案的受欢迎程度。故选C项。 9．考查名词。句意：其中一项最受欢迎的提案在请愿书上已获得超过25万个签名，该提案将宠物盗窃定为一项新罪名，认为偷狗更像是绑架孩子，而非偷电视。分析句子可知，空格处需填入名词作表语，offence意为“罪名”，a new offence of pet theft表示“宠物盗窃这项新罪名”，符合提案的核心内容，呼应“法律定性”的语境。故选E项。 10．考查形容词。句意：根据《盗窃法》，偷宠物已经可被判处最高7年监禁，法官在判刑时也已能将情感困扰纳入考量。分析句子可知，空格处需填入形容词作表语，punishable意为“可惩罚的”，结合“by up to seven years in prison”，说明偷宠物是应受处罚的行为，punishable符合语境，体现法律的惩戒性。故选F项。 $