考前押题02 语篇语法填空题（期中复习专项训练）高一英语下学期沪教版

考前押题02 语篇语法填空题 话题1 社会服务 话题4 科学技术 话题2 人际关系 话题5 历史文化 话题3 环境保护 话题6 自然生态 话题1 社会服务 Passage 1 The Transformative Power of Solo Travel Solo travel, considered by many as the ultimate form of self-discovery, has gained immense popularity among young adults in recent years. Unlike group tours 1 everything is arranged, traveling alone pushes individuals out of their comfort zones, forcing them to confront unexpected challenges. Statistics show that the number of solo travelers under 30 2 (increase) by 150% since 2015. What drives this trend? Psychologists suggest that young people, growing up in an increasingly digital world, 3 (pursue) authentic experiences that social media cannot provide. When you're alone in a foreign country with no one 4 (rely) on, every decision — from navigating public transportation 5 ordering food in a local dialect — becomes a lesson in independence. However, solo travel isn't without risks. Seasoned travelers recommend 6 (research) local customs thoroughly beforehand. In certain Middle Eastern countries, for instance, women traveling alone are expected to dress modestly to avoid unwanted attention. Failure 7 (respect) cultural norms may lead to serious consequences. Ultimately, those 8 have experienced solo travel often describe it as life-changing. The challenges overcome and perspectives gained tend to have 9 profound impact that no classroom education can match. As travel writer Pico Lyer once remarked, “We travel initially to lose ourselves; we travel next to find ourselves.” Perhaps this explains 10 more young people are choosing to embark on journeys alone, seeking not just destinations, but transformations. Passage 2 Ancestry Travel Everyone loves a holiday! A little time off for some much- 1 (need) R&R(rest and relaxation)can be exactly the thing to re-energize and refresh. That said, if you’re struggling to think of your next destination then look no further. Don’t waste time 2 (debate). Let your blood decide. Everybody has a lineage(血统). Recently, finding out more 3 our family origins has become popular. By the start of 2019, 26 million people 4 (take) an ancestry DNA test at home, according to a report by MIT Technology Review. They believe by 2021 this number will have risen to 100 million. This trend 5 (notice) by opportunistic travel operators. Some are looking to provide a service that both allows people to trace their heritage—by literally going back to their roots—and travel to the destinations 6 their ancestors originated. Recently, Airbnb, an online lodging market place, has partnered with 23andMe, a DNA testing and analysis company, 7 (offer) recommendations that encourage travellers to walk in the footsteps of their forefathers. And they aren’t the only ones. The Shelbourne hotel in Dublin has its own “genealogy butler(家谱管家)”. Hellen Kelly offers consultations to help guests trace their Irish line of descent(后代)using official records, 8 allows them to “fill in the blanks of their Irish ancestry”, she told Good Morning America. The Conte Club, a luxury travel company, offers custom itineraries(行程)based on DNA tests. “These experiences are about exploring deeper into 9 we really are,” says Conte Club CEO Rebecca Fielding in an article in the Condé Nast Traveler. “It might be the most meaningful trip we can take.” So next time you think of going on vacation, why not take a DNA test first? 10 you know how far your family has come, take the time to holiday back. Passage 3 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Hearing from successful people who had no clue at age 19 where they’d actually end up 1 (prove) reassuring to sophomore Emily Ford this weekend. Ford was among the 100second-year students who attended the kickoff for “Sophomore Spark,” a QuadEx program designed 2 (meet) the personal, professional and intellectual needs of sophomores. The Sophomore Spark Summit, 3 pilot launch event held Saturday afternoon at the Rubenstein Arts Center, included engaging keynote speakers, conversations with alumni, and interactive sessions on managing stress and connecting with the creative, right-side of the brain. Sophomore Spark co-chairs, Greg Victory, assistant vice president and Fannie Mitchell executive director of the career center, and Jenny Wood Crowley, assistant vice provost for intellectual community in the Office of Undergraduate Education, said sophomore year 4 be an exceptionally challenging and growth-filled time, when students wrestle with ways that purpose and value intersect (交叉) with academic and career journeys. “We want them to see they have the skills, resources and mentors already here.” Victory said. “And to let them know they don’t have to have it all 5 (figure out) right away.” Wood Crowley shared a one-on-one conversation with Rishab Jagetia, a sophomore who cares about environmentalism and economic justice. He asked her to help him generate more serious student engagement with those societal issues 6 the classroom so that students could break the boundaries of textbooks and lectures to explore more about potential careers. “I explained that programs like Sophomore Spark will be an integral part of the QuadEx experience 7 it fully launches this fall,” Wood Crowley said. “Building community, highlighting resources, and providing meaningful connections between students and faculty, 8 the Spark Summit did, are essential components of the new residential living and learning model.” Ford said she particularly enjoyed the keynote talk about “unleashing one’s superpowers” and the nonlinear career path of speaker Sanyin Siang, Pratt ‘96 MBA’02. “One of the reasons I came was to hear people’s stories,” Ford told Siang in a breakout improve session they both attended. “I’d been feeling lost. Since freshman year, I thought I wanted to do premed (医科大学预科). Now I’ve started taking 9 (much) of a variety of classes that are not STEM, I’ve been feeling so much better. Coming today was a really good decision.” The Sophomore Spark Summit 10 (make) possible by the generous support of Stacey and Dan Levitan. Passage 4 Feeling depressed or lonely can age us faster than smoking, researchers say Feeling unhappy, depressed or lonely could speed up the ageing processes more than smoking or even certain diseases, researchers have suggested. While everyone has an age based on their date of birth - “chronological age”, they also have   1 is known as a “biological age”, based on the ageing of the body’s functions, influenced by genetics, lifestyle and other factors. Studies have previously suggested the higher the biological age, the higher the risk of various diseases, and the risk of death. Now researchers say they have created a digital model of ageing, 2 (reveal) the importance of psychological health. “Your body and soul are connected, 3 is our main message,” said Fedor Galkin, a co-author of the study and lead scientist at the Hong Kong startup Deep Longevity. “We demonstrate that psychological factors, such as feeling unhappy or being lonely, add up to 1.65 years to one’s biological age,” they write. While Galkin said the figure is an estimate, not least as the model assumes that different feelings like hopelessness or fearfulness are independent of each other, the study highlights that 4 fast we age is significantly associated with our psychological state. “Taking care of your psychological health is the greatest contributor that you can have to 5 (slow) down your pace of ageing,” he said. The team also report that people who smoke 6 (predict) to be 15 months older than their non-smoking peers while living in urban areas reduces biological age   7 five months. Similarly, 8 (marry) takes about seven months off one’s biological age. But, he said, it is unlikely isolation and loneliness are truly worse risk factors for health than smoking, while the study only looked at the data that 9 (collect) at one point in time. “The researchers did not follow up participants to show that those with psychological distress actually aged more rapidly,” he said. “It will be important in the future 10 （test）whether these predictions can be fulfilled by repeating testing over a number of years.” Passage 5 Why would someone decide to stop eating? We know that the body needs food in order to function well. However, many people fast at some time during their lives. Why is this? Some people fast for political reasons. In the early 20th century, women in England and the United States 1 (not allow) to vote. In protest, many women went on fasts. They hoped that fasting 2 (bring) attention to this injustice. Mohandas Gandhi, the famous Indian leader, fasted 17 times during his life. For Gandhi, fasting was a powerful political tool. In 1943, he fasted to bring attention to his country’s need for independence. For 21 days, he went without food. Another famous faster was Cesar Chavez. In the 1960s, he fasted for three weeks. Why? His goal was 3 (arouse) people’s awareness of the terrible working conditions of farm workers in the United States. Fasting is also a spiritual practice in many religions. Every year during the month of Ramadan, 4 is a religious holiday, Muslims fast from sunrise to sunset. Many Hindus fast on special occasions, as do some Christians and Buddhists. Of course, not everyone fasts for political or religious reasons. Some people occasionally fast just 5 it makes them feel better. The American writer Mark Twain thought fasting was the best medicine for common illnesses. 6 he had a cold or a fever, he stopped eating completely. He said that this always made his cold or fever go away. Another American writer, Upton Sinclair, discovered 7 fasting brought about after years of overeating, indigestion, and headaches. His first fast last for 12 days. During this time, his headaches and stomachaches went away. Sinclair said that fasting also made him 8 (alert) and energetic. Despite the advantages, choosing to go 9 food can be very dangerous. However, that doesn’t stop people from 10 (fast) for political, religious, or health reasons. 话题2 人际关系 Passage 1 Honesty, often 1 (consider) as a fundamental virtue, plays a crucial role in our daily lives. Those who possess honesty are more likely 2 (earn) the trust of others. In school, for example, honest students will always admit their mistakes instead of covering them up. This not only helps in self-improvement but also 3 (show) respect for teachers and classmates. Being honest can sometimes be 4 challenge, especially when there are potential benefits in being dishonest. However, the short-term gains from lying usually pale in comparison to the long-term 5 (lose) of reputation. In a job interview, employers highly value candidates 6 qualities are positive. They believe that an honest employee will be more reliable when handling his assignment and will be 7 great value to the company. We should encourage 8 (we) to be honest in every situation. Remember, it is honesty 9 builds strong relationships, whether it is in personal or professional life. By 10 (practice) honesty, we can create a better world around us. Passage 2 Pushing past her limits At 11:31 am on July 18, I reached the summit of Mount Muztagh Ata in the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region. Standing at 7,546 meters at the age of 18, I earned the title of National Mountaineering Athlete. As I stood there, tears unexpectedly streamed down my face. Our team consisted of 17 people, including seven coaches. We started the climb at 3 am, making our way up in freezing temperatures. With the shortage of oxygen, every step was a struggle-my head throbbed (阵痛) with pain and my stomach churned (翻腾). I felt 1 I was on the verge of fainting. 2 a lack of appetite, I forced myself to eat something. My feet were swollen, and I could hardly feel 3 . After nearly three hours of struggle, the sun began to rise from behind the mountain, casting a warm glow on the snow. For a moment, I felt 4 (renew). I tried to take out my snow goggles, but I was too weak, and my coach had to help me. Feeling exhausted, I told my coach I wanted to slow down, but he noticed my nose was freezing and my lips were stiff. He warned me that if I didn’t keep moving, the cold 5 cause me to get sick, making it impossible to reach the summit. I immediately regained my focus and pushed myself to move 6 (fast). I was the last team member 7 (reach) the top, and though my teammates cheered me on, I was too tired to respond. The view was beautiful, but I was so exhausted that I couldn’t even appreciate it. My mind went numb, and every step during the final stretch seemed like a battle. But finally, I reached the peak. I sat down on a rock, dizzy and crying. Crying at that moment wasn’t just about the physical pain. It was a release of all the emotions I 8 (bottle up). It was a mix of exhaustion, awe for nature, and a sense of connection with the mountain. I was also proud of myself for making it to the top. When I returned to the busy city, surrounded by the noise of cars and crowds, I found myself missing the quiet world of the mountains. I missed the cold, damp sleeping bags, the faint nausea from the lack of food, and the stars and moon 9 (hang) over us in the early hours. It was only in that stillness 10 I truly appreciated the beauty of the mountains. Passage 3 A New Way to Learn Languages Nowadays, the Internet is changing the way people learn languages. There is still no way to avoid the hard work through vocabulary lists and grammar rules, but since the birth of the Internet, books, tapes and even CDs 1 (replace) by email, video chat and social networks. Livemocha, a Seattle-based company, has created a website helping people learn more than 38 languages by exchanging messages over the Internet and then 2 (correct) each other’s messages. The lessons, 3 form they are in, are delivered online. The CEO of Livemocha says the website’s advantage is the context 4 you may practice speaking with a real person. “The great irony is that 5 you have learned a foreign language in the classroom for years, you are not confident 6 (go) into a restaurant, striking up a conversation,” he said. The casual connections with real people throughout the world are not just fun and surprising but reveal more about 7 the language is really used. Livemocha is now experimenting with many ways that resemble (像) the games 8 (find) on other social websites to motivate people. Besides, each person can set up a profile that includes a short self-description and what language he or she would like to learn. Therefore, if you want to learn one language, you will easily find many people fluent in this language. And it becomes 9 (challenging) to find a study partner. An email or two is all it takes. There are more and more companies like Livemocha offering online language learning to students throughout the world. 10 _______ merely helping people practice different languages, they also enable people to share interests and make new friends Passage 4 The art of growing bald gracefully There are three important days in every bald(ing) man’s life: The day you realize you’re losing your hair, the day you realize you should shave off what remains, and the day you finally do. 1 (grow) bald gracefully is about reducing the gap between these milestones as far as possible. I learned this the hard way. My fear 2 all hairless men look the same is reinforced by the fact that people keep saying I look like my dad. No one 3 (note) this resemblance before. Now, suddenly, we`re like two shiny-headed. bearded peas in a pod. There is a certain poetic justice here, and I suffer regular flashbacks to the bald jokes I’d tell at my dad’s expense. Whether he’s 4 (blame) for my hairline is matter of debate. Studies of identical twins have found that heredity (遗传) factors account for around 80% of men’s tendency to go bald, 5 the genetics are poorly understood. An old wives’ tale dictates that hair loss is passed down via the mother, 6 means your maternal grandfather’s hairline is the best predictor of your own. Lifestyle factors can play a part, and I often wonder whether my fate was hastened by eating trans fats and not sleeping enough, or by living in big cities during some of its most seriously 7 (pollute) years. But my hairline’s retreat was likely predestined. As such, I am at peace with it. Although I didn’t grow bald gracefully, I can still aspire to be bald with grace. Anton was the first among my friends 8 (go) bald. While I had the luxury of holding out until aged 35, he was 18 when he first found clumps of hair on the pillow. Anton’s advice for me and fellow newcomers is as follows: Moisturize (滋润) your head daily, shave it every few days and wear hats to protect against the sun and heat loss alike. If you have a beard, keep it 9 (brush); if you’re muscly, be aware of terrifying people and disarm them with a smile. And remember, he concluded, the way you carry yourself matters more than 10 is — or isn’t — growing from the top of your head. Passage 5 “Love is dead,” we say, reading yet another story of a celebrity split. We likely don’t know the Hollywood stars, let alone have a close relationship with them, and yet, here we are mourning the tragedy with friends and on social media 1 it were a personal loss. Apparently, it’s not unusual to feel completely heartsick over a celebrity breakup, according to Lindsay Henderson, PsyD, a psychologist 2 treats patients virtually via telehealth app, LiveHealthOnline. “Generally speaking, part of the general public’s ever-present fascination with the lives of celebrities stems from the fact that we tend to view celebrities as successful people,” she says. “As such, we strive 3 (learn)from their actions in an attempt to be successful ourselves.” Chris Pratt and Anna Faris are the most recent example of this dynamic. They announced their breakup earlier this week, explaining that they “tried hard for a long time” and are “really disappointed.” The couple was far from alone in that. Thousands took to social media to express their sadness. “When a celebrity couple breaks up, the part of ourselves that we try to model after the celebrity, whether consciously or unconsciously, 4 (question) and even injured,” Dr. Henderson explains. “Our over-identification with the celebrity ends up causing personal discomfort, and 5 we have elevated them to achieving such enviable success, their failings can sometimes be more troubling to us than 6 of the people in our lives that we actually know and have relationships with.” The sadness 7 (feel) by celebrity breakups do, of course, point back to our own reality. “A breakup is a rude reminder 8 the pain and struggle that comes with a negative event can happen to anyone; if divorce can happen to them, it can certainly happen to us too,” Dr. Henderson adds. Luckily, all hope is not lost, and we can mentally prepare for the next celebrity split so it doesn’t feel as devastating. First, it’s important to recognize and acknowledge 9 upsetting these breakups can be. “It is good to remind 10 that celebrities are normal people facing the same basic human emotions and struggles that everyone else does,” Dr. Henderson says. After that, it’s all about not trying to emulate (模仿) celebrities’ lifestyles, but instead, living through your own journey. 话题3 环境保护 Passage 1 Using renewables seems to cut carbon more than nuclear. Nations that embraced renewable forms of energy have significantly cut their carbon emissions, but 1 pursuing nuclear power have failed to do so, researchers have found. Nuclear and renewables are seen as two key ways for governments to decarbonize(去碳), but the question of  whether one is more effective for dealing with climate change 2 (not address) fully. With several countries on the brink of deciding whether 3 (back) new nuclear power plants to meet their carbon targets, the answer to this question matters To find out, Benjamin Sovacool at the University of Sussex and his colleagues looked at carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and GDP over 25 years. They found that in 117 countries that had been using renewables, CO2 emissions per capita(人均地)dropped from 0.69 tonnes(公吨)on average between 1990 and 2004 to 0.61 tonnes between 2000 and 2014 and 4 these latter figures included a further six countries. During the same periods, however, the 30 countries that had been using nuclear power largely stayed flat, shifting from an average 0.52 tonnes of Co2 emissions per capita to 0.51. The two groups of countries overlap because some fall into both. Renewables included wind, solar, hydroelectric, and biomass energy. “If you’re focusing on 5 we can do to reduce emissions in the next 15 years, 6 (pursue) renewables instead of nuclear,” says Sovacool. The reason 7 the results is not clear — the analysis found a connection, not a causation—but Sovacool has ideas. Nuclear power is restricted due to agreements 8 (limit) the spread of nuclear weapons 9 material from reactors (核反应堆) can be used to make bombs. Renewables are not, enabling more countries to learn from one another, such as Germany benefiting from Chinese economies of scale on solar. Other reasons for this 10 be that renewables are cheaper and quicker to build and more socially acceptable, says Sovacool. Passage 2 Tuvalu plans for its own disappearance Is a country still a country if it sinks? For over three decades the Pacific island country of Tuvalu has begged industrialized countries 1 (cut) their greenhouse-gas emissions. For over three decades global temperatures have ticked up. Tuvalu’s government warns that its territory could slip underwater by the end of the century. “It’s a matter of disappearing from the surface of this Earth,” Kausea Natano, the prime minister, said in September. So Tuvalu is now asking a different question: 2 can it continue existing if that happens? Mr Natano’s government 3 (correct) the constitution to assert that the country will exist “forever” even if its landmass does not. The new wording, which came into effect on October 1st, will not on its own change very much.   4 international law, a country must have a physical territory and permanent population. But no one has considered 5 happens if climate change removes a state of those qualities, says Bal Kama, a lawyer who advised the government on its constitutional changes. Tuvalu hopes that if other vulnerable countries follow its lead, international law could change. The government talks about turning Tuvalu into a “digital nation” that could provide services and preserve cultural traditions online even if its people were dispersed to other countries. It considers 6 (create) a 3D version of its islands that web users could wander around. All these plans raise more questions than answers. The government is especially keen to make explicit that it would expect to retain its claim on the waters 7 (surround) present-day Tuvalu. Combine the “exclusive economic zones” (EEZs) that stretch 200 nautical miles (370km) from their coasts, and Pacific island countries have rights 8 (fish) and mine an area of ocean bigger than Africa (see map). Leaders fear that they will lose those rights - and a tuna industry worth billions - if any or all of the islands 9 make up their territories disappear. So Tuvalu’s constitutional change states that its maritime boundaries would endure with its statehood. The government wants neighbors to accept that its EEZ will exist forever. Other Pacific governments have also mapped their maritime zones and passed laws asserting that rising sea levels will not affect their EEZs. It is not yet certain that Tuvalu will go under. But its government 10 (ready) the rafts. Passage 3 Have you heard of Peru? It is 1 country on the Pacific coast of South America with three main areas: narrow, dry, flat land 2 (run) along the coast, the Andes Mountains, and the Amazon rainforest. Spain took control of Peru in the 16th century and 3 (rule) it until 1821. It is for this reason that Spanish is the main official language of the country. If you are travelling in Peru soon, you can choose a short flight from Cusco, 4 takes you from the Andes into the Amazon rainforest. Taking a boat to your 5 (accommodate) in the middle of the forest is interesting. Besides, the city of Machu Picchu is a popular destination. I am sure you will feel 6 (amaze) there. Inca builders cut stones to exact sizes so that nothing was needed to hold walls together other 7 the perfect fit of the stones. Cusco is another popular destination for 8 (tourist). Cusco was the capital city of the Inca Empire, a powerful empire in South America until the 1500s. On Lake Titicaca, a boat will take you 9 (stay) with a local Uros family on an island for three days. Both the island and the Uros homes 10 (make) of water plants from the lake. Passage 4 People need to vote to decide who will be their president. But humans aren’t the only creatures on the Earth to vote. In fact, there are 1 (variety) animals which also make a group decision. They just do 2 for different reasons in different ways. Instead of voting for a president, animals vote on where to live or when to hunt. Take meerkats (猫鼬) for an example. When 3 (search) for food, the animals get together for protection from hunters. But when a meerkat wants to speed up the search, the animal will make a “move call”. If three or more meerkats make this call, an agreement to speed up can 4 (reach). African wild dogs also vote in groups. A group of scientists 5 study the behavior of animals have found that the animals also vote to decide whether to hunt. How do the dogs vote for hunting? They sneeze (打喷嚏)! Whether the dogs will actually go for a hunt is decided by 6 number of sneezes. The more the dogs sneeze, the more likely they will look for a meal. Just like humans, animals don’t always agree 7 one another. But joining in group decisions 8 (be) good for their 9 (survive). It is extremely interesting for us 10 (observe) how animals vote for a decision and stick together. Passage 5 The moment Alok Shukla first saw the forest in central India stretching out before him, he knew two things immediately. One: that this forest—known as the lungs of Chhattisgarh, home to thousands of local people, 1 (endanger) animals and rare plants—was one of the most beautiful places he had ever seen. And two: that he 2 (devote) his life to protecting it from being destroyed by big companies. The only question was, how? Twelve years later, Alok 3 smile at the memory. After all, what he has achieved in the past years has been impressive. On Monday, the 43-year-old 4 (award) the Goldman Environmental Prize, which was widely known as the green Nobel. Back in 2012, the Hasdeo Aranya forest in Chhattisgarh was under threat, because of its rich coal deposits (矿床). In India, the world’s second 5 (large) consumer of coal after China, those deposits are highly valuable. But the value of the forest to the local people was incalculable to Alok. He wasn’t the only one 6 (recognize) the value of the land: local government had declared that the forest should be protected a few years earlier. 7 this, so-called coal areas in the forest were put up for public sale. Alok realized they were sure to lose the battle 8 everyone came together. Out of this, the Save Hasdeo Aranya Committee (委员会) was set up, 9 (teach) people about the local laws and rights available. 10 also joined the different groups together effectively for the first time. Alok hopes winning the Goldman prize will inspire other movements globally—and once again focus attention on the forest. “Any tree being cut in Hasdeo Aranya is wrong, and our effort will be to save every tree.” he vows. 话题4 科学技术 Passage 1 Modifying Your Memories It has always been thought that the purpose of our memory is to file away and later allow us to recall everything that happens in our lives, like a 1 (record) device. When we recall a memory, we go into the brain library, take out a file, look at it and then put it back 2 it was. The files may get a little dust y over the years, but they are always there and they never change. However, new research shows this understanding of memory is not that accurate. What memory is 3 (redefine). To start with, there is no central memory bank; elements of memories are stored separately 4 each other so that things related to a particular memory — the smells, sounds, emotions, physical touch, pictures, etc. — are held in different areas of the brain, and it is only in the act of recalling that they are all brought together. 5 researchers hold to be true now is that every time we recall a memory, aspects of that memory can change slightly. This means memories are 6 (flexible) than previously thought. The parallel would be more like bringing up a file on the computer, modifying and then saving 7 again. This understanding has been crucial in enabling scientists to erase and replace memories in quite innovative ways. On a positive note, this is paving the way for new treatments of disorders, like depression and alcohol addiction. In a recent study, a mouse is put into a totally new, empty environment 8 depresses it and leads it to refuse to move. A switch on a laser machine introduces a previously happy memory to the mouse and it runs around 9 (satisfy), showing relaxed, normal behavior. Science fiction? No, not at all. It’s happening here and now. The impossible is becoming possible 10 (fulfill). Passage 2 Sora: OpenAl will now let you create videos from verbal cues Artificial intelligence leader OpenAI introduced a new AI model called Sora which it claims can create “realistic” and “imaginative” 60-second videos from quick text instructions. In a blog post on Wednesday, the company said Sora is capable of generating videos up to 60 seconds in length from text instructions, 1 (serve) up scenes with multiple characters, specific types of motion, and detailed background details. This is the latest effort from the company behind the viral chatbot ChatGPT, 2 continues to push the generative AI movement forward. 3 “multi-modal models” are not new and text-to-video models already exist, what sets this apart is the length and accuracy that OpenAI claims Sora to have, according to Reece Hayden, a senior analyst at market research firm ABI Research. Hayden said these types of AI models 4 have a big impact on digital entertainment. Sora 5 (make) available to online security professors soon in order to assess the product for harms or risks. It is also granting access to a number of visual artists, designers and filmmakers to collect feedback on 6 creative professionals could use it. For now, OpenAI said Sora is still a work 7 progress with clear “weaknesses,” particularly when it comes to spatial details of a prompt-mixing up left and right-and cause and effect. The latest update comes as OpenAI continues to advance ChatGPT. Earlier this week, the company said it is testing a feature in which users can control ChatGPT’s memory, allowing them to ask the platform to remember chats to make future conversations 8 (personalized) or tell it to forget something previously 9 (discuss). The company also said it plans to work with a team of experts 10 (test) the latest model and look closely at various areas including misinformation,hateful content and prejudice. Passage 3 Number of Steps a Day It Takes to Cut Risk of Early Death New research suggests exactly how many steps you need to take each day to reduce the risk of heart disease and early death. If you 1 (fail) in your pursuit of walking 10,000 steps a day — researchers have some good news for you. They found walking up to 10,000 steps a day reduces these risks. The lowest risk of early death was 2 people who took 9,000 to 10,500 steps a day. When it came to avoiding heart attack, people 3 (manage) around 9,700 steps a day had the lowest risks. Experts have previously found people who spend a lot of time sitting while awake are more likely 4 (suffer) an early death and develop heart disease. It has been unclear 5 walking can balance out the effects of sitting down for most of the day — until now. A study, published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, analysed data from 72,174 people 6 (age) around 61 from UK. Participants wore a device for seven days to measure their exercise levels. After a seven-year follow-up, 1,633 deaths and 6,190 cardiovascular (心脏血管的) events, such as heart attack, were recorded. The results showed any amount of daily steps above 2,200 a day were linked to lower death and heart disease — 7 the rest of the day was spent being inactive. Julie Ward, a senior nurse in the U.K., said, “We encourage people to stay active for 8 heart and circulatory health by doing 150 minutes of moderate exercise a week. “This can be any activity 9 fits into your lifestyle, such as taking regular walking breaks away from your computer screen, going to the gym, enjoying exercise classes, or even getting off the bus one stop 10 (early) to get more steps in.” Passage 4 Big Tech nervous as Europe prepares to regulate AI European lawmakers are putting the finishing touches on a set of wide-ranging rules designed to govern the use of artificial intelligence. If passed, those rules would make the E.U. the first major jurisdiction(司法管辖区域) outside of China 1 (pass) targeted AI regulation. And tech companies are lobbying(游说) hard amid the battle over the scope of the rules. The E.U. Artificial Intelligence Act is likely to ban AI that ranks citizens 2 base) on their behavior and facial recognition in public. The rules could set a global standard, as companies may find it easier to obey E.U. rules in all countries, 3 to build different products for different jurisdictions. One of the act’s most controversial points is whether so-called general-purpose AIs—like ChatGPT— 4 be considered high risk, and thus subject to the strictest rules. Lobbying 5 this possibility are Big Tech companies, including Google and OpenAI’s biggest investor Microsoft, which 6 (invest) billions of dollars into building general-purpose AIs and seek to benefit from licensing them out to smaller companies. “Predicting all potential risks” of general-purpose AIs would 7   be near impossible but also hold back innovation, a letter to E.U. lawmakers co-signed by Microsoft in late 2022 says; instead, it recommends, the new rules should place the regulatory burden on the often smaller companies 8 apply Big Tech’s AIs to specific risky use cases. 9 (categorize) general-purpose AI systems as “high risk” would be wrong, Google argued in a separate letter to E.U. regulators, and could harm consumers and hold back innovation in Europe. A group of progressive politicians and technologists resist this idea, arguing that excluding 10 (powerful) AI systems from the new E.U. rules would be similar to passing social media regulation that didn’t apply to Facebook or TikTok. Passage 5 How to Water Plants All plants need water. The watering of plants plays a major role in helping plants grow healthily. It seems simple but actually requires many considerations. Let’s take a close look at the water plants need first. Plants 1 grow in places with low rainfall require more water. And plants 2 ability to adjust themselves to dry conditions is strong can live with less watering. When it comes to tools, a garden pipe (管子) long enough to reach the furthest part of the garden 3 (prefer). This ensures enough water is provided for the plants and helps to make watering much 4 (easy). An inexperienced gardener may water a little each time but several times a day. This is undesirable 5 it does not help roots to grow deep. Besides, we’d better avoid watering in full sun 6 the leaves won’t lose water quickly from the surface. 话题5 文化艺术 Passage 1 The Fascinating Culture of the Miao People The Miao ethnicity of China has a long history, rich culture, and an ancient folk religion. 1 (decorate) with beautiful traditional clothes, they live in uniquely designed architecture. Throughout history, the Miao people were constantly migrating, always on the move. In more modern times, part of the Miao people gradually settled down in southeast Asian countries. Today, the Miao people in China 2 (concentrate) in eight provinces, autonomous regions, and cities in southwest and south-central China, 3 Guizhou Province has the largest population. The Miao people have lived the lush vegetation of the mountains and river for generations. The Miaoling Mountains located in Guizhou Province are the watershed (分水岭) between the Pearl River and the Yangtze River. Kaili City, the capital of Qiandongnan, is known as the Pearl of Miaoling Mountains. Just 10 kilometers from the city center, the 4 (wind) crystal-clear Bala River runs through the valley by the city. On the cliffs of the peaks on either side of the river 5 (sit) a cluster of Miao villages, scattered like pearls. The people who live in the ancient villages are sincere, kind, hospitable, and honest. 6 a tourist ever get lost, there were no need to worry. All that needs to do is just call out in a loud voice outside any courtyard, “Is anyone home? I’m lost.” A wooden window would open instantly and an elderly person would stick the head out, describing 7 the tourist should head in simple, basic Putonghua. The fantastically colored rice terraces (梯田) can be seen at the edge of the village path. The ripe rice is bent over 8 they were expressing gratefulness to the earth for giving it life. After the harvest is done, rice is neatly tied-up and arranged, waiting 9 (handle) better. Self-sufficiency in living off the land is a way of life that Miao families have handed down to their descendants for generations, and today the Miao people still maintain their traditional way of life and work 10 the gazing crowds of tourists who pass through their villages. Passage 2 A mysterious dog Recently, a museum uncovered a little dog hidden in early Picasso painting. 1 (reveal) during a technical analysis of the Spanish artist’s painting “Le Moulin de la Galette” ahead of an exhibition of his early works, the image of a charming dog has attracted a lot of attention. Opened at the Guggenheim on Friday, the new show “Young Picasso in Paris” includes 10 paintings and drawings made by Picasso upon his arrival in the French capital in 1900. “Le Moulin de la Galette” 2 (describe) a lively scene at a famous Parisian dance hall also painted by other artists. A sea of couples are seen dancing in fine hats, painted in quick brushwork, with three figures 3 (seat) at a table in the foreground. Museum experts were able to generate an image of what the dog originally looked like using X-ray scanning, 4 imaging technique that figures out the chemical elements in a painting, according to the Guggenheim’s senior paintings expert, Julie Barten. “It was interesting to me that he quickly painted over this dog, 5 would have been a rather amazing aspect of this painting,” Barten said in a phone call. The museum noted that the dog 6 (wear) a red bow bears a close similarity to a Cavalier King Charles spaniel. Though Barten cannot say for certain 7 Picasso opted to remove the dog from the scene, she suggested that the painter might have considered its lively face and attractive bow too distracting. Covering up the dog allows viewers 8 (look) more carefully at all of these other wonderful figures in the composition and experience the space in different ways. Picasso made other changes to the work, including 9 (switch) the gender presentations of a dancing couple and painting out an empty chair, according to the study. Modifying paintings later became part of Picasso’s regular practice, Barten said, adding that now “Le Moulin de la Galette” 10 (consider) one of the earliest examples of this. Passage 3 I may be too old, but here goes! This summer, I quit my job and resolved to rent out my flat and go travelling in South East Asia for a year. You might think I’m lucky, but I’m 30 years old, and I’m nervous. It’s not that I 1 (not do) the travelling thing before. After university, I spent two years backpacking around North and South America, and when I returned, I was determined to do it again someday. But you know how it is... I fell in love, started a career, bought a flat and got used to earning a salary. But I gradually realized I had been sacrificing my own sense of worth for my salary. When I handed in that letter of resignation, it felt 2 3 I’d taken charge of my life again. I now have no ties. Many of my friends are now married with children and, while they wouldn’t exchange places with me, they envy me my lack of responsibilities. I’m no longer in a relationship, and I have no burning career ambitions. I feel almost obliged 4 (make) the most of that freedom — if only for my friends’ sake! Why am I so nervous? In the first place, it’s a question of making the necessary arrangements. How could I bear having someone else live in my home? And how would I go about organizing the letting? And apart from anything else, I had to decide on the place 5 I want to go first. I’m a shocking procrastinator (拖延者), and am already several weeks behind my 6 (intend) schedule. “Might as well enjoy the summer in England,” I told myself. Then,“Why not hang around for the start of the football season?” Cutting off emotional ties 7 (make) it even more difficult. I’m putting it off because, deep down, I wonder if I can still cope with backpacking. Will I be able to readjust to a more basic way of life? Will I feel out of place among a community of backpackers fresh out of school and university? Perhaps not. I’ve discovered it’s increasingly common for Britons in 8 late twenties and thirties to want to get themselves away from the lives they’ve made for themselves and head off to foreign countries. Passage 4 Art Builds Understanding At the just completed Designing for Empathy Summit, social scientists and museum leaders gathered to discuss how museums can build empathy and contribute to developing understanding and meaning-making. Despite the long history of scholarship on experiences of art, researchers have yet to capture and understand   1 (meaningful) aspects of such experiences, including the thoughts and insights gained when we visit a museum, the sense of encounter after seeing a meaningful work of art, or the changed thinking after experiences with art. These powerful encounters 2 be inspiring, uplifting, and contribute to well-being and flourishing. The theory of aesthetic cognitivism describes the value of art through its role in facilitating a better understanding of 3 , others, and the world. The question is how that happens–what are the attributes of meaningful experiences of art? 4 the mirror model of art developed by Pablo P. L. Tinio, aesthetic reception corresponds to artistic creation in a mirror-reversed fashion. Artists aim to express ideas and messages about the human condition or the world at large. To do so, they explore key ideas and continually expand, adapt, and fine-tune them as they develop the work, resulting in the build-up of layers of materials — 5 initial studies and sketches to the final, 6 (refine) piece. A viewer’s initial interaction with an artwork starts 7 the artist has left off. Their interaction first involves processing surface features, such as color, texture, and the 8 (finish) touches applied by the artist during the final stages of the creative process. After spending more time with the work, the viewer begins to gain insight and access the ideas of the artist. Correspondence in feeling and thinking suggests a transfer — between creator and viewer — of ideas, concepts, and emotions contained in the works of art. Art has the potential 9 (communicate) across space and time and create connections and insights 10 otherwise would not happen. What it takes for this to happen is active engagement with art in contexts that facilitate this engagement, especially museums. Passage 5 The TERM “killjoy parents” has been trending on Chinese social media platforms as many young people complain that their parents would rather criticize than praise them for their accomplishments. One poster, for example, remarked that his parents said his high score in math wasn't good enough 1 several other students had scored higher. 2 complained that, after 3 (accept) into a “second-tier” university, the response he got for his father was “Congratulations. You got admitted to a garbage university.” It’s a terrible feeling to have someone “burst your bubble” when you think they should be sharing your joy. And your parents, after all, are probably the people with 4 you most want to share the best moments in your life. But why do some parents seem to be so hard 5 (please)? I think a lot of it has to do with Chinese society. Parents know that life 6 be full of hardship and difficulties, and they want their children to be “hardened” to these realities. Another reason can probably be found deep in Chinese culture. When I asked a Chinese friend why Chinese parents don’t praise their children, he said it’s because they don't want to bring their children bad luck. He told me the story of two women sitting in a park and watching their children play. One of the mothers said to the other, “Your boy is so handsome and healthy.” That other mother replied, “No, he’s very ugly and he’s a very sickly child.” The mother, my friend explained, didn't want her son praised in case the “gods” heard and punished him. It's an old superstition (迷信), but it does have some basis in fact. American parents, at the other extreme, are taught to ever criticize their children because it may hurt their feelings—their self-esteem. Instead, they 7 (tell) to always praise their children, even for failure. Psychologists now believe this is a bad idea. According to one study, too much praise can result in negative effects. 8 kids with low self-esteem felt even worse about themselves, kids with high self-esteem became narcissistic or self-centered. Moreover, children who got too much praise were 9 (likely) to take risks, were unable to deal with failure and tended to give up when faced with challenges. Stacey and Toby aren’t the only people to be welcoming Mariella’s app. It’s now got thousands of users, and she’s working long days to balance it with her A-level studies. The time difference from New York to her school in Rugby, Warwickshire, means she sets her alarm for 5am. 10 (have) “killjoy parents” may not be enjoyable, but it’s important to recognize that their seemingly critical nature doesn't negate the love they have for you. In their hearts, they genuinely share in your joy. 话题6 自然生态 Passage 1 Parental Instincts Last year in early summer, I was walking up the hill to my house in suburban Brisbane when I saw two birds, each about 6 centimeters tall, standing in my driveway. They didn’t seem to notice me 1 I was right in front of them and then they immediately scattered into the nearby bushes. I was quite excited by the idea of two special birds 2 (make) a nest in my front yard, although I didn’t really expect them to as wild birds don’t usually nest so close. A few weeks later, the birds reappeared. I found them crouching beside a tree off to the side of my driveway. As I approached them, I imagined that they’d run away like they did last time, but instead they 3 (stick) out their heads and made a threatening croaking sound 4 came from deep inside their throats. I did some research and found that the birds are burhinus grallarius(长尾石鸻). I still didn’t know 5 they were croaking at me until a short time later I made an amazing discovery: they 6 (lay) two eggs which hatched into two small birds racing around now. As I crept towards the birds, careful not to make any sudden movement, they started their croaking again, 7 (stretch) their necks forwards so they seemed longer and more threatening. I was watching them in awe when I suddenly tripped and fell to the ground. The birds took this 8 a threat and the father raced towards me, spreading his wings to shield the mother and the chicks while making 9 appear larger. I was sorry 10 (scare) them and left quickly. I am amazed by their bold actions. Their parental instincts kicked in and made them so courageous. It is hard not to be awed by nature. Passage 2 Situated in North China’s Shanxi province, the Yungang Grottoes (石窟) in Datongon was the last stop on the “International Insights into China” tour, 1 a group of journalists and students from different countries explored the art and history of the grottoes. The first large-scale grotto temple was built over 1,500 years ago, after Buddhism spread to China. It is a 2 (combine) of artistic design elements from India and Central and West Asia with architectural styles (建筑风格) and decorative patterns from Greece and Rome, which 3 (reflect) China’s connection with major civilizations around the world. Covering 4 total area of over 18,000 square meters, the grottoes extend approximately one kilometer from east to west. The site has more than 59,000 statues, ranging in height from 17 meters 5 as small as two centimeters. Amazed by the elegant statues and great caves, the members of the international tour 6 (excited) recorded the experience on their phones. Munkhbat Anu-ujin, a member from Mongolia, said, “The artistic beauty of the Yungang Grottoes is really breathtaking. Standing in front of these massive caves, I 7 (impress) by their beauty. These great stone carvings are not only a great way 8 (admire) China’s ancient sculpture art, 9 a window into China’s rich history and culture. For people who love history and art, the Yungang Grottoes is a trip worth 10 (take).” Passage 3 During summer vacation, I went on a three-day camping expedition (远足). We had to carry all of our own clothes and food, as well as tents, cooking pots and first aid kits (急救药箱). On the first day, our instructor taught us how to read maps. It’s not difficult 1 (understand) maps, but walking with a 13-kg backpack under the burning sun 2 (be) not the most ideal situation. Each of us carried four 3 (bottle) of water to drink as well. On the second day, we had to find our own way to the next campsite. My group set out at 9 a.m. full 4 confidence, but soon we found 5 (we) lost on a farm! 6 (luck), each group had a tracker (跟踪器) that allowed our instructors to see 7 we were. We were quickly found and got back on 8 right path. We finally got to camp at 7 pm. Having walked 25 km over 10 hours, my body was aching. The third day was a bit 9 (easy). We successfully made it back to the car park where our coach was waiting. I learned so much from this expedition — not only map reading skills, 10 also teamwork and how to deal with emergency situations. It pushed me to achieve something I never thought I could do and gave me important life skills. Passage 4 There 1 (be) no lights in sight but the night sky glowed (发光) a dusky yellow, because the Amazon was burning. The yellow flames engulfed (吞噬) trees 2 lit up the sky. During the day, the sunshine was blocked by thick smoke. So far, the fire 3 (put) out. The government has recorded 72, 843 fires, with this 4 (be) just one of those in the Amazon, the world’s largest rainforest and a fighter against climate change. According to Brazil’s space research agency INPE, the wildfire has decreased 5 17 percent so far 6 (compare) to the same period in 2018. Environmental 7 (group) said the policies of the government encouraged deforestation of the Amazon, 8 (lead) to more fires. But the government posted a report and wanted 9 (argue) against that. A government inspector claimed that non-governmental organizations in 10 (annoy) set fire to the forest after their funding was cut. Passage 5 Color my world Once there was a girl named Rose. Rose always felt blue because she lived in a dull, gray village 1 life was black and white. She longed for adventure, 2 her life was as plain as a brown paper bag. One day while walking down the street, she saw Eric, a former classmate, in 3 red car, and he caught her eye. He looked very happy. He stopped and said, “Hop in, let’s paint the town red!” Rose was a little hesitant, but Eric’s infectious (有感染力的) spirit and the sight of the car’s shiny red outer 4 (excite) her. They drove off into the sunset and found 5 in a city that was lively and full of color. The buildings 6 (paint) in all shades of the rainbow. The streets were alive with people 7 (dress) in colorful clothing. As they drove through the city, Rose saw a rainbow in the sky, and she felt as if she were on cloud nine. Eric took her to a party, and she danced 8 she was red in the face. When the party was over, Eric drove Rose home. But it wasn’t until she was walking to her door that she came up with a great idea. She realized that she needed to stop 9 (chase) rainbows and add some color to her gray existence. She decided to live her life in full color. The next day, Rose took a walk in the village. She noticed that the trees were green, and the flowers bloomed in many colors. She realized that her village was not as dull as she had thought. Rose noticed a shop 10 sold paint. She purchased some and painted her house 11 (bright) color she could find. She was very happy 12 the result. Her neighbors were amazed at the transformation and decided to paint their houses bright colors, 13 . Before long, the whole village was painted in bright colors, and it seemed that a rainbow 14 (fall) upon it. It was a red-letter day for everyone! Rose realized that looking at things in a different light had made all the difference. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $考前押题02 语篇语法填空题 话题1 社会服务 话题4 科学技术 话题2 人际关系 话题5 历史文化 话题3 环境保护 话题6 自然生态 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 话题1 社会服务 Passage 1 The Transformative Power of Solo Travel Solo travel, considered by many as the ultimate form of self-discovery, has gained immense popularity among young adults in recent years. Unlike group tours 1 everything is arranged, traveling alone pushes individuals out of their comfort zones, forcing them to confront unexpected challenges. Statistics show that the number of solo travelers under 30 2 (increase) by 150% since 2015. What drives this trend? Psychologists suggest that young people, growing up in an increasingly digital world, 3 (pursue) authentic experiences that social media cannot provide. When you're alone in a foreign country with no one 4 (rely) on, every decision — from navigating public transportation 5 ordering food in a local dialect — becomes a lesson in independence. However, solo travel isn't without risks. Seasoned travelers recommend 6 (research) local customs thoroughly beforehand. In certain Middle Eastern countries, for instance, women traveling alone are expected to dress modestly to avoid unwanted attention. Failure 7 (respect) cultural norms may lead to serious consequences. Ultimately, those 8 have experienced solo travel often describe it as life-changing. The challenges overcome and perspectives gained tend to have 9 profound impact that no classroom education can match. As travel writer Pico Lyer once remarked, “We travel initially to lose ourselves; we travel next to find ourselves.” Perhaps this explains 10 more young people are choosing to embark on journeys alone, seeking not just destinations, but transformations. 【答案】1．where 2．has increased 3．pursue 4．to rely 5．to 6．researching 7．to respect 8．who 9．a 10．why 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要探讨了独自旅行的变革力量，指出其近年来在年轻人中广受欢迎的原因、面临的挑战以及带来的深远影响。 1．考查定语从句。句意：与一切都安排妥当的团体旅游不同，独自旅行将个人推出舒适区，迫使他们面对意想不到的挑战。此处为定语从句，先行词为group tours，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 2．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：数据显示，自2015年以来，30岁以下的独自旅行者数量增加了150%。根据时间状语“since 2015”可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语为the number of solo travelers，助动词用has。故填has increased。 3．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：心理学家认为，在日益数字化的世界中成长的年轻人，正在追求社交媒体无法提供的真实体验。根据语境可知，此处描述的是目前正在发生的事情，应用现在进行时，主语为young people，谓语动词用复数形式。故填pursue。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：当你独自一人在异国他乡，无人可依靠时，从乘坐公共交通工具到用当地方言点餐，每一个决定都成为独立的教训。此处为“with+宾语+宾补”的复合结构，rely on与no one构成逻辑上的动宾关系，应用动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。故填to rely。 5．考查介词。句意：当你独自一人在异国他乡，无人可依靠时，从乘坐公共交通工具到用当地方言点餐，每一个决定都成为独立的教训。此处为固定短语from...to...，意为“从……到……”。故填to。 6．考查动名词。句意：经验丰富的旅行者建议事先彻底研究当地习俗。recommend doing sth.为固定短语，意为“建议做某事”，因此用research的动名词形式作宾语。故填researching。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：不尊重文化规范可能会导致严重后果。failure to do sth.为固定短语，意为“未能做某事”，因此用respect的不定式形式作定语。故填to respect。 8．考查定语从句。句意：最终，那些有过独自旅行经历的人常常将其描述为改变人生的经历。此处为定语从句，先行词为those，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 9．考查冠词。句意：克服的挑战和获得的见解往往会产生深远的影响，这是课堂教育无法比拟的。此处为固定短语have a profound impact，意为“产生深远影响”。故填a。 10．考查宾语从句。句意：也许这解释了为什么越来越多的年轻人选择独自踏上旅程，寻求的不仅仅是目的地，还有转变。此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少原因状语，应用why引导。故填why。 Passage 2 Ancestry Travel Everyone loves a holiday! A little time off for some much- 1 (need) R&R(rest and relaxation)can be exactly the thing to re-energize and refresh. That said, if you’re struggling to think of your next destination then look no further. Don’t waste time 2 (debate). Let your blood decide. Everybody has a lineage(血统). Recently, finding out more 3 our family origins has become popular. By the start of 2019, 26 million people 4 (take) an ancestry DNA test at home, according to a report by MIT Technology Review. They believe by 2021 this number will have risen to 100 million. This trend 5 (notice) by opportunistic travel operators. Some are looking to provide a service that both allows people to trace their heritage—by literally going back to their roots—and travel to the destinations 6 their ancestors originated. Recently, Airbnb, an online lodging market place, has partnered with 23andMe, a DNA testing and analysis company, 7 (offer) recommendations that encourage travellers to walk in the footsteps of their forefathers. And they aren’t the only ones. The Shelbourne hotel in Dublin has its own “genealogy butler(家谱管家)”. Hellen Kelly offers consultations to help guests trace their Irish line of descent(后代)using official records, 8 allows them to “fill in the blanks of their Irish ancestry”, she told Good Morning America. The Conte Club, a luxury travel company, offers custom itineraries(行程)based on DNA tests. “These experiences are about exploring deeper into 9 we really are,” says Conte Club CEO Rebecca Fielding in an article in the Condé Nast Traveler. “It might be the most meaningful trip we can take.” So next time you think of going on vacation, why not take a DNA test first? 10 you know how far your family has come, take the time to holiday back. 【答案】1．needed 2．debating 3．about 4．had taken 5．has been noticed 6．where 7．to offer 8．which 9．who 10．Once 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“寻根游”这一新的旅游趋势。 1．考查形容词。句意：抽出一点时间，进行一些急需的R&R（休息和放松），正是让人重新振作和恢复精神的事情。动词need和后文名词之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词转化的形容词needed和much构成合成词修饰名词 R&R(rest and relaxation)。故填needed。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：不要浪费时间辩论。waste time (in) doing sth“浪费时间做某事”为固定句式，动名词作宾语。故填debating。 3．考查介词。句意：最近，了解更多关于我们的家庭出身信息变得很流行。根据句意可知，空处应用介词about“关于”和后文构成介词短语。故填about。 4．考查时态。句意：根据《麻省理工技术评论》的一份报告，截至2019年初，已有2600万人在家进行了祖先DNA测试。根据时间状语By the start of 2019可知，空处应用过去完成时，表示在过去某时间之前发生的事情。故填had taken。 5．考查时态和语态。句意：这一趋势已被机会主义的旅游运营商所注意到。动词notice与主语之间是被动关系，根据上下文句意可知，空处应用现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在的影响。主语是单数，主谓一致，故填has been noticed。 6．考查定语从句。句意：有些人正在寻求提供一种服务，既可以让人们追溯他们的遗产——通过真正回到他们的根——又可以去他们祖先起源的目的地旅行。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是destinations，是地点名词，定语从句their ancestors originated中缺少地点状语，用关系副词where引导从句，作地点状语。故填where。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：最近，一家在线住宿市场Airbnb与一家DNA测试和分析公司23andMe合作，为旅行者提供建议，鼓励他们追随祖先的足迹。根据句意可知，空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to offer。 8．考查定语从句。句意：Hellen Kelly在接受《早安美国》采访时表示，她提供咨询服务，帮助客人利用官方记录追踪他们的爱尔兰血统，让他们“填补爱尔兰血统的空白”。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是逗号前面整句话，指代事物，用关系代词which引导从句，作主语。故填which。 9．考查名词性从句。句意：这些经历是为了更深入地探索我们到底是谁。根据句意可知，空处应用连接词who引导宾语从句，在从句中作表语，指人。故填who。 10．考查连词。句意：一旦你知道你的家人已经迁徙了多远，就花时间回去度假。you know how far your family has come是后文take the time to holiday back的条件，应用连词once引导条件状语从句。符合句意。句首字母大写，故填Once。 Passage 3 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Hearing from successful people who had no clue at age 19 where they’d actually end up 1 (prove) reassuring to sophomore Emily Ford this weekend. Ford was among the 100second-year students who attended the kickoff for “Sophomore Spark,” a QuadEx program designed 2 (meet) the personal, professional and intellectual needs of sophomores. The Sophomore Spark Summit, 3 pilot launch event held Saturday afternoon at the Rubenstein Arts Center, included engaging keynote speakers, conversations with alumni, and interactive sessions on managing stress and connecting with the creative, right-side of the brain. Sophomore Spark co-chairs, Greg Victory, assistant vice president and Fannie Mitchell executive director of the career center, and Jenny Wood Crowley, assistant vice provost for intellectual community in the Office of Undergraduate Education, said sophomore year 4 be an exceptionally challenging and growth-filled time, when students wrestle with ways that purpose and value intersect (交叉) with academic and career journeys. “We want them to see they have the skills, resources and mentors already here.” Victory said. “And to let them know they don’t have to have it all 5 (figure out) right away.” Wood Crowley shared a one-on-one conversation with Rishab Jagetia, a sophomore who cares about environmentalism and economic justice. He asked her to help him generate more serious student engagement with those societal issues 6 the classroom so that students could break the boundaries of textbooks and lectures to explore more about potential careers. “I explained that programs like Sophomore Spark will be an integral part of the QuadEx experience 7 it fully launches this fall,” Wood Crowley said. “Building community, highlighting resources, and providing meaningful connections between students and faculty, 8 the Spark Summit did, are essential components of the new residential living and learning model.” Ford said she particularly enjoyed the keynote talk about “unleashing one’s superpowers” and the nonlinear career path of speaker Sanyin Siang, Pratt ‘96 MBA’02. “One of the reasons I came was to hear people’s stories,” Ford told Siang in a breakout improve session they both attended. “I’d been feeling lost. Since freshman year, I thought I wanted to do premed (医科大学预科). Now I’ve started taking 9 (much) of a variety of classes that are not STEM, I’ve been feeling so much better. Coming today was a really good decision.” The Sophomore Spark Summit 10 (make) possible by the generous support of Stacey and Dan Levitan. 【答案】1．proved 2．to meet 3．a 4．can 5．figured out 6．beyond/outside 7．when/after 8．which 9．more 10．was made 【导语】本文的体裁属于新闻报道。文章详细介绍了某大学针对二年级学生开展的“Sophomore Spark”项目的情况，包括项目的目的、活动内容、参与者反馈以及项目得到的支持等信息。 1．考查动词时态。句意：这个周末，从那些在19岁时不知道自己最终会走向何方的成功人士那里听到的消息，让大二学生Emily Ford感到放心。本空为句子谓语，根据this weekend可知，本句描述过去的动作，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用prove“被发现是，最终显现为”的过去式。故填proved。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：Ford是参加“Sophomore Spark”启动仪式的100名二年级学生之一，这是QuadEx的一个项目，旨在满足高二学生的个人、专业和智力需求。本句系动词为was，此处为非谓语动词，此处designed后面需接meet“满足”的不定式，作目的状语。故填to meet。 3．考查冠词。句意：周六下午在Rubenstein Arts Center举行的“Sophomore Spark Summit”一个试点启动活动，包括吸引人的主题演讲、与校友的对话以及关于管理压力和激发大脑创造性右侧的互动环节。此处泛指“一个试点启动活动”，且pilot以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 4．考查情态动词。句意：Sophomore Spark的联合主席、职业中心助理副总裁格Greg Victory和执行主任Fannie Mitchell，以及本科教育办公室负责智力社区的助理副教务长Jenny Wood Crowley表示，大二可能是一段极具挑战性和充满成长的时期，学生们在学术和职业生涯中努力寻找目标和价值的交叉点。此处表示客观可能性，应用情态动词can。故填can。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：让他们知道，他们不必马上把所有事情都弄清楚。have sth. done“使得某物被做”结构中，sth.与done之间是被动关系，此处figure out“解决，弄清楚”与逻辑主语it为被动关系，用过去分词，作宾补。故填figured out。 6．考查介词。句意：他请求她帮助他增进学生对这些社会问题在课堂之外的认真参与，以便学生们能够打破课本和讲座的界限，探索更多潜在的职业道路。表示“在课堂之外”，用beyond/outside the classroom。故填beyond或outside。 7．考查时间状语从句。句意：Wood Crowley说：“我解释说，像‘Sophomore Spark’这样的项目将在今年秋天全面启动后成为QuadEx体验中不可或缺的一部分。”本空引导时间状语从句，用when“当……时候”引导或者after表示“……之后”。故填when/after。 8．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：建立社区，突出资源，并在学生和教师之间提供有意义的联系，这些都是Spark Summit所做的，是新住宅生活和学习模式的重要组成部分。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Building community, highlighting resources, and providing meaningful connections between students and faculty，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作did的宾语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 9．考查形容词比较级。句意：现在我开始上更多非STEM的课程，感觉好多了。此处表示与之前相比，现在上课的种类更加多样，应用形容词比较级more“更多”。故填more。 10．考查动词语态。句意：Sophomore Spark峰会得到了Stacey和Dan Levitan的慷慨支持才得以实现。此处缺乏谓语动词，描述过去的事实，句子时态用一般过去时，且主语The Sophomore Spark Summit与make“使得”之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was made。 Passage 4 Feeling depressed or lonely can age us faster than smoking, researchers say Feeling unhappy, depressed or lonely could speed up the ageing processes more than smoking or even certain diseases, researchers have suggested. While everyone has an age based on their date of birth - “chronological age”, they also have   1 is known as a “biological age”, based on the ageing of the body’s functions, influenced by genetics, lifestyle and other factors. Studies have previously suggested the higher the biological age, the higher the risk of various diseases, and the risk of death. Now researchers say they have created a digital model of ageing, 2 (reveal) the importance of psychological health. “Your body and soul are connected, 3 is our main message,” said Fedor Galkin, a co-author of the study and lead scientist at the Hong Kong startup Deep Longevity. “We demonstrate that psychological factors, such as feeling unhappy or being lonely, add up to 1.65 years to one’s biological age,” they write. While Galkin said the figure is an estimate, not least as the model assumes that different feelings like hopelessness or fearfulness are independent of each other, the study highlights that 4 fast we age is significantly associated with our psychological state. “Taking care of your psychological health is the greatest contributor that you can have to 5 (slow) down your pace of ageing,” he said. The team also report that people who smoke 6 (predict) to be 15 months older than their non-smoking peers while living in urban areas reduces biological age   7 five months. Similarly, 8 (marry) takes about seven months off one’s biological age. But, he said, it is unlikely isolation and loneliness are truly worse risk factors for health than smoking, while the study only looked at the data that 9 (collect) at one point in time. “The researchers did not follow up participants to show that those with psychological distress actually aged more rapidly,” he said. “It will be important in the future 10 （test）whether these predictions can be fulfilled by repeating testing over a number of years.” 【答案】1．what 2．revealing 3．which 4．how 5．slowing 6．are predicted 7．by 8．being married 9．had been collected 10．to test 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明孤独抑郁比吸烟更容易让人衰老。 1．考查连接词。句意：虽然每个人都有一个基于出生日期的年龄——“实足年龄”，但他们也有一个所谓的“生物年龄”，基于身体功能的衰老，受遗传、生活方式和其他因素的影响。have后接宾语从句，从句缺少主语，连接词为what。故填what。 2．考查非谓语。句意：现在，研究人员表示，他们已经创建了一个衰老的数字模型，揭示了心理健康的重要性。空处为非谓语动词，与上文为主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填revealing。 3．考查定语从句。句意：你的身体和灵魂是相连的，这是我们的主要信息。空处为非限制性定语从句，指代前面的整个句子做主语，关系代词为which。故填which。 4．考查连接词。句意：虽然加尔金说这个数字只是一个估计，尤其是因为该模型假设绝望或恐惧等不同的感觉是相互独立的，但该研究强调，我们衰老的速度与我们的心理状态有很大关系。空处为主语从句，表示“多么”用how来引导。构成how+副词+主语+谓语。故填how。 5．考查动名词。句意：他说:“照顾好自己的心理健康是减缓衰老速度的最大因素。to表示“对于”为介词，后接动名词作宾语。故填slowing。 6．考查时态语态。句意：研究小组还报告说，吸烟的人预计会比不吸烟的同龄人老15个月，而生活在城市地区的人会比不吸烟的同龄人少5个月的生理年龄。本句在陈述事实，为一般现在时，主语people与谓语predict为被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are predicted。 7．考查介词。句意：研究小组还报告说，吸烟的人预计会比不吸烟的同龄人老15个月，而生活在城市地区的人会比不吸烟的同龄人少5个月的生理年龄。表示“减少了”，用短语reduce…by。故填by。 8．考查动名词。句意：同样，结婚会使一个人的生理年龄减少七个月。结婚为be marry，本句为动名词作主语。故填being married。 9．考查时态语态。句意：但是，他说，孤立和孤独不太可能真的是比吸烟更严重的健康风险因素，而这项研究只研究了在某个时间点收集的数据。Collect发生的动词发生在looked之前，表示过去的过去，且主语data与collect为被动关系，所以本句为过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been collected。 10．考查不定式。句意：在未来，通过多年的重复测试来测试这些预测是否能够实现将是很重要的。动词不定式作真正的主语，it作形式主语。故填to test。 Passage 5 Why would someone decide to stop eating? We know that the body needs food in order to function well. However, many people fast at some time during their lives. Why is this? Some people fast for political reasons. In the early 20th century, women in England and the United States 1 (not allow) to vote. In protest, many women went on fasts. They hoped that fasting 2 (bring) attention to this injustice. Mohandas Gandhi, the famous Indian leader, fasted 17 times during his life. For Gandhi, fasting was a powerful political tool. In 1943, he fasted to bring attention to his country’s need for independence. For 21 days, he went without food. Another famous faster was Cesar Chavez. In the 1960s, he fasted for three weeks. Why? His goal was 3 (arouse) people’s awareness of the terrible working conditions of farm workers in the United States. Fasting is also a spiritual practice in many religions. Every year during the month of Ramadan, 4 is a religious holiday, Muslims fast from sunrise to sunset. Many Hindus fast on special occasions, as do some Christians and Buddhists. Of course, not everyone fasts for political or religious reasons. Some people occasionally fast just 5 it makes them feel better. The American writer Mark Twain thought fasting was the best medicine for common illnesses. 6 he had a cold or a fever, he stopped eating completely. He said that this always made his cold or fever go away. Another American writer, Upton Sinclair, discovered 7 fasting brought about after years of overeating, indigestion, and headaches. His first fast last for 12 days. During this time, his headaches and stomachaches went away. Sinclair said that fasting also made him 8 (alert) and energetic. Despite the advantages, choosing to go 9 food can be very dangerous. However, that doesn’t stop people from 10 (fast) for political, religious, or health reasons. 【答案】1．weren’t allowed 2．would bring 3．to arouse 4．which 5．because 6．Whenever 7．what 8．more alert 9．without 10．fasting 【导语】本文的体裁是说明文，文章主要介绍了人们选择禁食的原因。 1．考查被动语态。句意：在 20 世纪初，英国和美国的女性不被允许投票。主语women与动词allow之间是被动关系，且根据时间状语in the early 20th century，要用一般过去时的被动语态，故填weren’t allowed。 2．考查过去将来时。句意：她们希望禁食会引起对这种不公正的关注。主句hoped是一般过去时，宾语从句要用过去将来时，故填would bring。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：他的目标是唤起人们对美国农场工人恶劣工作条件的认识。空白处在句子中做表语表示主语的目的，用动词不定式，故填to arouse。 4．考查定语从句。句意：每年在斋月期间，这是一个宗教节日，穆斯林从日出到日落禁食。这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词是Ramadan，在定语从句中作主语，且逗号前是非限制性定语从句，不能用that，故填which。 5．考查连词。句意：有些人偶尔禁食只是因为这让他们感觉更好。根据下文“it makes them feel better (这让他们感觉更好)”可知前后句是因果关系，故填because。 6．考查连词。句意：每当他感冒或发烧时，他就完全停止进食。根据空白处下文“he had a cold or a fever(他感冒或发烧)”可知，这是一个包含时间状语从句的复合句，whenever 表示“无论何时；每当”，引导时间状语从句，故填Whenever。 7．考查宾语从句。句意：另一位美国作家厄普顿·辛克莱在多年暴饮暴食、消化不良和头痛之后发现了禁食带来的影响。discovered后接宾语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，故填what。 8．考查形容词的比较级。句意：辛克莱说，禁食也让他更警觉、更有活力。根据上文“His first fast last for 12 days. During this time, his headaches and stomachaches went away.(他的禁食持续了12天。在此期间，他的头疼和肚子痛消失了)”可知，此处将禁食前后进行比较，应使用形容词的比较级，故填more alert。 9．考查介词。句意：尽管有这些好处，但选择不吃东西可能非常危险。根据上文“His first fast last for 12 days (他的禁食持续了12天)”可知此处说的是禁食，go without为固定短语，表示“没有……也行；忍受没有……”，故填without。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，这并没有阻止人们出于政治、宗教或健康原因禁食。stop sb. from doing sth为固定短语，表示“阻止某人做某事”，from是介词，后接动名词，故填fasting。 话题2 人际关系 Passage 1 Honesty, often 1 (consider) as a fundamental virtue, plays a crucial role in our daily lives. Those who possess honesty are more likely 2 (earn) the trust of others. In school, for example, honest students will always admit their mistakes instead of covering them up. This not only helps in self-improvement but also 3 (show) respect for teachers and classmates. Being honest can sometimes be 4 challenge, especially when there are potential benefits in being dishonest. However, the short-term gains from lying usually pale in comparison to the long-term 5 (lose) of reputation. In a job interview, employers highly value candidates 6 qualities are positive. They believe that an honest employee will be more reliable when handling his assignment and will be 7 great value to the company. We should encourage 8 (we) to be honest in every situation. Remember, it is honesty 9 builds strong relationships, whether it is in personal or professional life. By 10 (practice) honesty, we can create a better world around us. 【答案】1．considered 2．to earn 3．shows 4．a 5．loss 6．whose 7．of 8．ourselves 9．that 10．practicing 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨了诚实这一基本美德在日常生活中的重要性，包括其对人际关系、职业发展的影响，并呼吁人们在各种情境中践行诚实。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：诚实常被视为一种基本美德，在我们的日常生活中起着至关重要的作用。此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词honesty，honesty与consider为被动关系，用过去分词considered。故填considered。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：拥有诚实品质的人更有可能赢得他人的信任。此处为固定搭配be likely to do sth.，意为“可能做某事”，用动词不定式to earn。故填to earn。 3．考查动词时态。句意：例如，在学校里，诚实的学生总是会承认自己的错误，而不是掩盖它们，这不仅有助于自我提升，也体现了对老师和同学的尊重。此处为谓语动词，与helps并列，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语This为单数，所以谓语动词为shows。故填shows。 4．考查冠词。句意：诚实有时可能是一个挑战，尤其是当不诚实可能带来潜在利益时。challenge为可数名词单数，表泛指“一个挑战”，且以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。 5．考查名词。句意：然而，与长期的声誉损失相比，撒谎带来的短期利益通常显得微不足道。根据空前the long-term可知，此处为名词作宾语，lose的名词为loss，意为“损失”，为不可数名词。故填loss。 6．考查定语从句。句意：在求职面试中，雇主高度重视品质积极的候选人。先行词为candidates，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰qualities，用关系代词whose引导定语从句。故填whose。 7．考查介词。句意：他们认为，诚实的员工在处理工作任务时会更可靠，对公司也会很有价值。此处为固定搭配be of great value，意为“很有价值”，所以此处使用介词of。故填of。 8．考查反身代词。句意：我们应该鼓励自己在任何情况下都保持诚实。此处作encourage的宾语，且主语与宾语为同一主体，宾语用反身代词ourselves。故填ourselves。 9．考查强调句。句意：记住，无论是在个人生活还是职业生活中，正是诚实建立了牢固的关系。去掉it is和设空处句子依然完整，故此处为强调句结构“It is +被强调部分+that+其他”，被强调部分为主语honesty，故填that。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：通过践行诚实，我们可以创造一个更美好的世界。介词By后接动名词作宾语，所以此处为practice的动名词形式practicing。故填practicing。 Passage 2 Pushing past her limits At 11:31 am on July 18, I reached the summit of Mount Muztagh Ata in the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region. Standing at 7,546 meters at the age of 18, I earned the title of National Mountaineering Athlete. As I stood there, tears unexpectedly streamed down my face. Our team consisted of 17 people, including seven coaches. We started the climb at 3 am, making our way up in freezing temperatures. With the shortage of oxygen, every step was a struggle-my head throbbed (阵痛) with pain and my stomach churned (翻腾). I felt 1 I was on the verge of fainting. 2 a lack of appetite, I forced myself to eat something. My feet were swollen, and I could hardly feel 3 . After nearly three hours of struggle, the sun began to rise from behind the mountain, casting a warm glow on the snow. For a moment, I felt 4 (renew). I tried to take out my snow goggles, but I was too weak, and my coach had to help me. Feeling exhausted, I told my coach I wanted to slow down, but he noticed my nose was freezing and my lips were stiff. He warned me that if I didn’t keep moving, the cold 5 cause me to get sick, making it impossible to reach the summit. I immediately regained my focus and pushed myself to move 6 (fast). I was the last team member 7 (reach) the top, and though my teammates cheered me on, I was too tired to respond. The view was beautiful, but I was so exhausted that I couldn’t even appreciate it. My mind went numb, and every step during the final stretch seemed like a battle. But finally, I reached the peak. I sat down on a rock, dizzy and crying. Crying at that moment wasn’t just about the physical pain. It was a release of all the emotions I 8 (bottle up). It was a mix of exhaustion, awe for nature, and a sense of connection with the mountain. I was also proud of myself for making it to the top. When I returned to the busy city, surrounded by the noise of cars and crowds, I found myself missing the quiet world of the mountains. I missed the cold, damp sleeping bags, the faint nausea from the lack of food, and the stars and moon 9 (hang) over us in the early hours. It was only in that stillness 10 I truly appreciated the beauty of the mountains. 【答案】1．as if /as though 2．Despite 3．them 4．renewed 5．would 6．faster 7．to reach 8．had bottled up 9．hanging 10．that 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者18岁时成功登顶慕士塔格峰的经历及感悟。 1．考查从属连词。句意：我感到好像快要晕倒了。根据空前“I felt”和空后“I was on the verge of fainting.”可知，此处需用从属连词as if/as though“好像”，引导表语从句。故填as if/as though。 2．考查介词。句意：尽管没有食欲，我还是强迫自己吃了点东西。根据空后“a lack of appetite, I forced myself to eat something.”可知，此处表示尽管没有食欲，还是强迫自己吃了点东西，所以空处需用介词despite“尽管”，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Despite。 3．考查代词。句意：我的脚肿了，几乎感觉不到它们了。根据空前“My feet were swollen, and I could hardly feel”可知，此处指感觉不到脚了，所以空处需用代词them指代前文的feet。故填them。 4．考查形容词。句意：有那么一刻，我感到精神焕发。根据空前“I felt”可知，空处需用形容词作表语，renew的形容词为renewed“精神焕发的”。故填renewed。 5．考查时态。句意：他警告我，如果我不继续前进，寒冷会使我虚弱，使我无法到达山顶。根据空前“He warned me that if I didn’t keep moving,”可知，空处需用过去将来时，表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，其结构为would+do。故填would。 6．考查比较级。句意：我立刻重新集中注意力，催促自己走得更快。根据空前“I immediately regained my focus and pushed myself to move”可知，此处表示催促自己走得更快，所以空处需用副词fast的比较级faster。故填faster。 7．考查动词不定式。句意：我是最后一个到达山顶的队员，虽然队友们为我欢呼，但我太累了，无法回应。根据空前“I was the last team member”可知，空处需用动词不定式作后置定语修饰名词member，表示最后一个到达山顶的队员。故填to reach。 8．考查时态。句意：那一刻的哭泣不仅仅是因为身体上的疼痛。这是我释放所有压抑情绪的一种方式。空处需用谓语动词，bottle up“抑制，压抑”，动作发生在主句谓语动词was之前，所以空处谓语动词需用过去完成时态：had done。故填had bottled up。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：我想念寒冷的、潮湿的睡袋，想念因为没有食物而感到的轻微恶心，想念凌晨时分挂在我们头顶的星星和月亮。空处需用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰名词stars and moon，动词hang“悬挂”和名词stars and moon之间是主动关系，所以空处需用现在分词hanging作后置定语。故填hanging。 10．考查强调句型。句意：只有在那种寂静中，我才真正欣赏到山的美。此处去掉“It was”和空处，句子结构完整，所以空处需用that，构成强调句型：It was+被强调部分+that+句子剩余部分。此处强调状语 only in that stillness，故填that。 Passage 3 A New Way to Learn Languages Nowadays, the Internet is changing the way people learn languages. There is still no way to avoid the hard work through vocabulary lists and grammar rules, but since the birth of the Internet, books, tapes and even CDs 1 (replace) by email, video chat and social networks. Livemocha, a Seattle-based company, has created a website helping people learn more than 38 languages by exchanging messages over the Internet and then 2 (correct) each other’s messages. The lessons, 3 form they are in, are delivered online. The CEO of Livemocha says the website’s advantage is the context 4 you may practice speaking with a real person. “The great irony is that 5 you have learned a foreign language in the classroom for years, you are not confident 6 (go) into a restaurant, striking up a conversation,” he said. The casual connections with real people throughout the world are not just fun and surprising but reveal more about 7 the language is really used. Livemocha is now experimenting with many ways that resemble (像) the games 8 (find) on other social websites to motivate people. Besides, each person can set up a profile that includes a short self-description and what language he or she would like to learn. Therefore, if you want to learn one language, you will easily find many people fluent in this language. And it becomes 9 (challenging) to find a study partner. An email or two is all it takes. There are more and more companies like Livemocha offering online language learning to students throughout the world. 10 _______ merely helping people practice different languages, they also enable people to share interests and make new friends 【答案】1．have been replaced 2．correcting 3．whatever 4．where 5．even if/even though 6．to go 7．how 8．found 9．less challenging 10．Instead of 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍以 Livemocha 为代表的在线语言学习平台，通过互动交流、情境实践和社交功能，革新传统学习模式并拓展人际连接。 1．考查动词时态和语态。句意：词汇表和语法规则仍然是无法避免的，但自从互联网诞生以来，书籍、磁带甚至CD都被电子邮件、视频聊天和社交网络所取代。根据“since the birth of the Internet”可知，此处要用现在完成时，且 books, tapes and even CDs 与 replace 之间是被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态 have been + 过去分词，replace 的过去分词是 replaced。故填have been replaced。 2．考查动名词。句意：总部位于西雅图的Livemocha公司创建了一个网站，通过在互联网上交换信息，然后互相纠正信息，帮助人们学习超过38种语言。by 是介词，后接动名词作宾语，所以用correcting。故填correcting。 3．考查让步状语从句。句意：无论是何种形式的课程，都是在线授课。分析句子可知，此处引导让步状语从句，表示“无论它们是什么形式”，用whatever修饰form。故填whatever。 4．考查定语从句。句意：Livemocha的首席执行官表示，该网站的优势在于，你可以在其中练习与真人交谈。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词是the context，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 5．考查让步状语从句。句意：他说：“最具讽刺意味的是，即使你在教室里学了多年外语，你也没有信心走进一家餐馆，开始与人交谈。”根据句意可知，表示“即使你在教室里学了多年外语”，引导让步状语从句，用even if 或 even though。故填even if/even though。 6．考查固定短语。句意：他说：“最具讽刺意味的是，即使你在教室里学了多年外语，你也没有信心走进一家餐馆，开始与人交谈。”be confident to do sth. 为固定短语，表示“有信心做某事”，所以用to go。故填to go。 7．考查宾语从句。句意：与世界各地真实的人的随意联系不仅有趣和令人惊讶，而且还揭示了语言的真实使用方式。about 是介词，后接宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，表示“语言是如何被真正使用的”，用连接副词how引导。故填how。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：Livemocha现在正在尝试许多类似于其他社交网站上的游戏的方法来激励人们。定语从句中已有谓语动词resemble，此处是非谓语动词，games与 find 之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词 found，表示“在其他社交网站上被找到的游戏”。故填found。 9．考查形容词比较级。句意：寻找学习伙伴也变得不那么困难了。根据下文“An email or two is all it takes.”推知，找到学习伙伴变得不那么具有挑战性了，用 less challenging。故填less challenging。 10．考查固定短语。句意：它们不仅帮助人们练习不同的语言，还使人们能够分享兴趣和结交新朋友。根据语境可知，此处为固定短语Instead of“代替，而不是”，满足句意要求。故填Instead of。 Passage 4 The art of growing bald gracefully There are three important days in every bald(ing) man’s life: The day you realize you’re losing your hair, the day you realize you should shave off what remains, and the day you finally do. 1 (grow) bald gracefully is about reducing the gap between these milestones as far as possible. I learned this the hard way. My fear 2 all hairless men look the same is reinforced by the fact that people keep saying I look like my dad. No one 3 (note) this resemblance before. Now, suddenly, we`re like two shiny-headed. bearded peas in a pod. There is a certain poetic justice here, and I suffer regular flashbacks to the bald jokes I’d tell at my dad’s expense. Whether he’s 4 (blame) for my hairline is matter of debate. Studies of identical twins have found that heredity (遗传) factors account for around 80% of men’s tendency to go bald, 5 the genetics are poorly understood. An old wives’ tale dictates that hair loss is passed down via the mother, 6 means your maternal grandfather’s hairline is the best predictor of your own. Lifestyle factors can play a part, and I often wonder whether my fate was hastened by eating trans fats and not sleeping enough, or by living in big cities during some of its most seriously 7 (pollute) years. But my hairline’s retreat was likely predestined. As such, I am at peace with it. Although I didn’t grow bald gracefully, I can still aspire to be bald with grace. Anton was the first among my friends 8 (go) bald. While I had the luxury of holding out until aged 35, he was 18 when he first found clumps of hair on the pillow. Anton’s advice for me and fellow newcomers is as follows: Moisturize (滋润) your head daily, shave it every few days and wear hats to protect against the sun and heat loss alike. If you have a beard, keep it 9 (brush); if you’re muscly, be aware of terrifying people and disarm them with a smile. And remember, he concluded, the way you carry yourself matters more than 10 is — or isn’t — growing from the top of your head. 【答案】1．Growing 2．that 3．had noted 4．to blame 5．though/although 6．which 7．polluted 8．to go 9．brushed 10．what 【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了作者总结的如何优雅地变秃的艺术。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：优雅地秃顶就是要尽可能地缩小这些里程碑之间的差距。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少主语，应该用动名词作主语，位于句首，首字母应大写，动名词表示一般性、抽象的行为。故填Growing。 2．考查同位语从句。句意：人们一直说我长得像我爸爸，这加深了我对所有秃头男人看起来都一样的恐惧。分析句子结构可知，空处引导同位语从句解释说明抽象名词fear的具体内容，从句中结构完整，用that引导。故填that。 3．考查动词时态。句意：以前没有人注意到这种相似之处。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以note作本句谓语，根据before可知，描述的是过去的过去，应该用过去完成时。故填had noted。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：他是否该为我的发际线负责还有待商榷。分析句子结构可知，本句是whether引导的主语从句，从句中已有谓语动词is，所以blame用非谓语形式，此处表达“应该受到责备”之意，应该用be to blame形式。故填to blame。 5．考查状语从句连词。句意：对同卵双胞胎的研究发现，遗传因素约占男性秃顶倾向的80%，尽管人们对遗传因素知之甚少。分析句子结构可知，空处引导状语从句，根据句意为“尽管”之意，应该用though/although引导让步状语从句。故填though/although。 6．考查定语从句关系词。句意：一个老妇人的传说认为脱发是通过母亲遗传的，这意味着你的外祖父的发际线是你自己的发际线的最佳预测器。该空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“hair loss is passed down via the mother”指的事情，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。 7．考查形容词。句意：生活方式因素也有影响，我常常想，我的命运是不是因为吃反式脂肪和睡眠不足而加速了，还是因为在污染最严重的几年里住在大城市。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词years，所以空处应填形容词polluted (受污染的)作定语。故填polluted。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：安东是我朋友中第一个秃顶的。分析句子结果可知，此处是固定短语，the+序数词+n.+to do sth.，该空用不定式形式。故填to go。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你有胡子，记得把它刷干净；如果你是肌肉发达的人，要注意那些让人害怕的人，用微笑来解除他们的武装。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词，所以brush应用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是it，代指胡子，两者是被动关系，用过去分词表被动，作宾补。故填brushed。 10．考查宾语从句。句意：记住，他总结道，你的自我态度比你头顶上长了什么更重要。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，指事物，应连接代词what引导。故填what。 Passage 5 “Love is dead,” we say, reading yet another story of a celebrity split. We likely don’t know the Hollywood stars, let alone have a close relationship with them, and yet, here we are mourning the tragedy with friends and on social media 1 it were a personal loss. Apparently, it’s not unusual to feel completely heartsick over a celebrity breakup, according to Lindsay Henderson, PsyD, a psychologist 2 treats patients virtually via telehealth app, LiveHealthOnline. “Generally speaking, part of the general public’s ever-present fascination with the lives of celebrities stems from the fact that we tend to view celebrities as successful people,” she says. “As such, we strive 3 (learn)from their actions in an attempt to be successful ourselves.” Chris Pratt and Anna Faris are the most recent example of this dynamic. They announced their breakup earlier this week, explaining that they “tried hard for a long time” and are “really disappointed.” The couple was far from alone in that. Thousands took to social media to express their sadness. “When a celebrity couple breaks up, the part of ourselves that we try to model after the celebrity, whether consciously or unconsciously, 4 (question) and even injured,” Dr. Henderson explains. “Our over-identification with the celebrity ends up causing personal discomfort, and 5 we have elevated them to achieving such enviable success, their failings can sometimes be more troubling to us than 6 of the people in our lives that we actually know and have relationships with.” The sadness 7 (feel) by celebrity breakups do, of course, point back to our own reality. “A breakup is a rude reminder 8 the pain and struggle that comes with a negative event can happen to anyone; if divorce can happen to them, it can certainly happen to us too,” Dr. Henderson adds. Luckily, all hope is not lost, and we can mentally prepare for the next celebrity split so it doesn’t feel as devastating. First, it’s important to recognize and acknowledge 9 upsetting these breakups can be. “It is good to remind 10 that celebrities are normal people facing the same basic human emotions and struggles that everyone else does,” Dr. Henderson says. After that, it’s all about not trying to emulate (模仿) celebrities’ lifestyles, but instead, living through your own journey. 【答案】1．as if/as though 2．who/that 3．to learn 4．is questioned 5．because/as/since 6．those 7．felt 8．that 9．how 10．ourselves 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍心理学家认为我们不应该因为名人分手而感到真爱不存在，而是从他们的经历中吸取教训，明白名人和普通人一样也面临着情感问题。 1．考查连词。句意：我们可能不认识好莱坞明星，更不用说与他们有着密切的关系了，然而，在这里，我们与朋友和社交媒体一起哀悼这场悲剧，就好像这是个人的损失一样。空后“it were a personal loss”为虚拟语气，结合句意表示“好像”应用as if/as though引导方式状语从句。故填as if/as though。 2．考查定语从句。句意：心理学博士Lindsay Henderson通过远程医疗应用LiveHealthOnline为患者提供虚拟治疗，她说，显然，名人分手后感到非常伤心是很正常的。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a psychologist，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词who/that引导从句。故填who/that。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：“因此，我们努力从他们的行为中学习，努力使自己取得成功。”strive to do sth.“努力做某事”是固定短语，空处填不定式作宾语。故填to learn。 4．考查时态和语态。句意：亨德森博士解释道：“当一对名人情侣分手时，我们试图模仿名人的部分，无论是有意识还是无意识，都会受到质疑，甚至受伤。”分析可知，空处为主句谓语动词，句子陈述客观事实，且主语the part of ourselves和question是被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用形式。故填is questioned。 5．考查连词。句意：“我们对名人的过度认同最终会导致个人不适，因为我们把他们提升到如此令人羡慕的成功，他们的失败有时会比我们生活中真正认识并与之有关系的人更让我们烦恼。”结合句意可知，“我们把他们提升到如此令人羡慕的成功”是“我们更加烦恼”的原因，因此此处用because/since/as引导原因状语从句。故填because/since/as。 6．考查代词。句意：“我们对名人的过度认同最终会导致个人不适，因为我们把他们提升到如此令人羡慕的成功，他们的失败有时会比我们生活中真正认识并与之有关系的人更让我们烦恼。”结合语境可知，此处指我们生活中认识的人的失败，为同类异物特指，且上文failings是复数，故此处用those，相当于the failings。故填those。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：当然，明星分手所带来的悲伤也指向了我们自己的现实。空处应填非谓语动词作sadness的后置定语，feel“感受”和逻辑主语sadness是被动关系，应用过去分词作定语。故填felt。 8．考查同位语从句。句意：亨德森博士补充道：“分手突如其来地提醒人们，负面事件可能会发生在任何人身上；如果离婚发生在他们身上，我们也肯定会发生。”分析可知从句“the pain and struggle that comes with a negative event can happen to anyone”是对名词reminder的解释，因此空处引导同位语从句，从句成份和意义都完整，应用连接词that引导从句。故填of。 9．考查宾语从句。句意：首先，重要的是要认识到并承认这些分手是多么令人沮丧。空处引导宾语从句，修饰形容词upsetting表示程度，应用连接词how引导从句，how upsetting“多么令人沮丧”。故填how。 10．考查代词。句意：亨德森博士说：“提醒我们自己，名人是普通人，他们和其他人一样面临着人类的基本情感和挣扎，这很好。”。结合句意和上文“if divorce can happen to them, it can certainly happen to us too”可知，此处用反身代词ourselves作宾语，表示“我们自己”。故填ourselves。 话题3 环境保护 Passage 1 Using renewables seems to cut carbon more than nuclear. Nations that embraced renewable forms of energy have significantly cut their carbon emissions, but 1 pursuing nuclear power have failed to do so, researchers have found. Nuclear and renewables are seen as two key ways for governments to decarbonize(去碳), but the question of  whether one is more effective for dealing with climate change 2 (not address) fully. With several countries on the brink of deciding whether 3 (back) new nuclear power plants to meet their carbon targets, the answer to this question matters To find out, Benjamin Sovacool at the University of Sussex and his colleagues looked at carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and GDP over 25 years. They found that in 117 countries that had been using renewables, CO2 emissions per capita(人均地)dropped from 0.69 tonnes(公吨)on average between 1990 and 2004 to 0.61 tonnes between 2000 and 2014 and 4 these latter figures included a further six countries. During the same periods, however, the 30 countries that had been using nuclear power largely stayed flat, shifting from an average 0.52 tonnes of Co2 emissions per capita to 0.51. The two groups of countries overlap because some fall into both. Renewables included wind, solar, hydroelectric, and biomass energy. “If you’re focusing on 5 we can do to reduce emissions in the next 15 years, 6 (pursue) renewables instead of nuclear,” says Sovacool. The reason 7 the results is not clear — the analysis found a connection, not a causation—but Sovacool has ideas. Nuclear power is restricted due to agreements 8 (limit) the spread of nuclear weapons 9 material from reactors (核反应堆) can be used to make bombs. Renewables are not, enabling more countries to learn from one another, such as Germany benefiting from Chinese economies of scale on solar. Other reasons for this 10 be that renewables are cheaper and quicker to build and more socially acceptable, says Sovacool. 【答案】1．those 2．hasn’t been addressed 3．to back 4．that 5．what 6．pursue 7．of 8．limiting 9．because/as 10．could/may 【导语】这是一篇说明文。使用可再生能源似乎比使用核能更能减少碳排放。研究人员发现，采用可再生能源的国家已经显著减少了碳排放，但那些追求核能的国家却没有做到这一点。 1．考查代词。句意：研究人员发现，采用可再生能源的国家已经显著减少了碳排放，但那些追求核能的国家却没有做到这一点。此处指“那些国家”应用代词those。故填those。 2．考查时态语态。句意：核能和可再生能源被视为政府实现脱碳的两大关键途径，但其中一种方式是否对应对气候变化更有效的问题尚未得到充分解决。分析句子结构可知，“whether one is more effective for dealing with climate change”为宾语从句，空格在主句中作谓语，主语与谓语构成被动关系，表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响应用现在完成时的被动语态，为否定陈述句，助动词用has。故填hasn’t been addressed。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着几个国家即将决定是否支持新的核电站以达到他们的碳排放目标，这个问题的答案很重要。此处为“疑问词+不定式”结构，故填to back。 4．考查宾语从句。句意：他们发现，在117个使用可再生能源的国家中，人均二氧化碳排放量从1990年至2004年的平均0.69吨下降到2000年至2014年的0.61吨，而后者还包括另外6个国家。引导宾语从句，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，故用that引导。故填that。 5．考查宾语从句。句意：Sovacool说：“如果你关注我们在未来15年能做些什么来减少排放，那就追求可再生能源，而不是核能。”空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指事物应用what。故填what。 6．考查祈使句。句意：Sovacool说：“如果你关注我们在未来15年能做些什么来减少排放，那就追求可再生能源，而不是核能。”肯定祈使句填动词原形。故填pursue。 7．考查介词。句意：产生这些结果的原因尚不清楚——分析发现了一种联系，而不是因果关系——但Sovacool有自己的想法。reason与results为所属关系，应用介词of。故填of。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：由于限制核武器扩散的协议，核能受到限制，因为反应堆的材料可以用来制造炸弹。分析句子结构可知limit与逻辑主语agreements构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填limiting。 9．考查状语从句。句意：由于限制核武器扩散的协议，核能受到限制，因为反应堆的材料可以用来制造炸弹。引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”可用because或as。故填because/as。 10．考查情态动词。句意：Sovacool说，其他原因可能是可再生能源更便宜、建造更快、更容易被社会接受。后跟动词原形，结合句意表示“可能是”可用could、may。故填could/may。 Passage 2 Tuvalu plans for its own disappearance Is a country still a country if it sinks? For over three decades the Pacific island country of Tuvalu has begged industrialized countries 1 (cut) their greenhouse-gas emissions. For over three decades global temperatures have ticked up. Tuvalu’s government warns that its territory could slip underwater by the end of the century. “It’s a matter of disappearing from the surface of this Earth,” Kausea Natano, the prime minister, said in September. So Tuvalu is now asking a different question: 2 can it continue existing if that happens? Mr Natano’s government 3 (correct) the constitution to assert that the country will exist “forever” even if its landmass does not. The new wording, which came into effect on October 1st, will not on its own change very much.   4 international law, a country must have a physical territory and permanent population. But no one has considered 5 happens if climate change removes a state of those qualities, says Bal Kama, a lawyer who advised the government on its constitutional changes. Tuvalu hopes that if other vulnerable countries follow its lead, international law could change. The government talks about turning Tuvalu into a “digital nation” that could provide services and preserve cultural traditions online even if its people were dispersed to other countries. It considers 6 (create) a 3D version of its islands that web users could wander around. All these plans raise more questions than answers. The government is especially keen to make explicit that it would expect to retain its claim on the waters 7 (surround) present-day Tuvalu. Combine the “exclusive economic zones” (EEZs) that stretch 200 nautical miles (370km) from their coasts, and Pacific island countries have rights 8 (fish) and mine an area of ocean bigger than Africa (see map). Leaders fear that they will lose those rights - and a tuna industry worth billions - if any or all of the islands 9 make up their territories disappear. So Tuvalu’s constitutional change states that its maritime boundaries would endure with its statehood. The government wants neighbors to accept that its EEZ will exist forever. Other Pacific governments have also mapped their maritime zones and passed laws asserting that rising sea levels will not affect their EEZs. It is not yet certain that Tuvalu will go under. But its government 10 (ready) the rafts. 【答案】1．to cut 2．how 3．has corrected 4．Under/By 5．what 6．creating 7．surrounding 8．to fish 9．that 10．is readying 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了图瓦卢因气候变化导致的海平面上升而面临消失的风险，该国政府为此采取了一系列应对措施，包括修改宪法、计划成为“数字国家”以及明确其对周边海域的主权等，以期在国际法上寻求改变，保留国家的存在和相关权益。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：三十多年来，太平洋岛国图瓦卢一直恳求工业化国家削减温室气体排放。beg sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“恳求某人做某事”。故填to cut。 2．考查连接词。句意：所以图瓦卢现在提出了一个不同的问题：如果发生这种情况，它将如何继续存在？根据句意，此处构成特殊疑问句，表示“如何”应用特殊疑问词how。故填how。 3．考查动词时态。句意：纳塔诺先生的政府已经修改了宪法，宣称即使该国的陆地面积不存在，该国也将“永远”存在。设空处应填谓语动词，结合句意可知，“修改宪法”这一动作发生在过去，且对现在造成了一定影响，应用现在完成时，主语为单数名词government，助动词应用has。故填has corrected。 4．考查介词。句意：根据国际法，一个国家必须有领土和永久人口。under/by international law为固定短语，构成介词短语作状语，意为“根据国际法”。同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填Under/By。 5．考查连接词。句意：为政府宪法改革提供咨询的律师巴尔·卡马说，但没有人考虑到，如果气候变化消除了这些特性中的一个国家会发生什么。设空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：它考虑制作一个3D版本的岛屿，让网民可以在上面漫步。设空处应填非谓语动词作宾语，consider doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“考虑做某事”，故应用动名词作宾语。故填creating。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：政府尤其热衷于明确表示，它希望保留对今天图瓦卢周围水域的主权。句中would expect为谓语动词，设空处应填非谓语动词，waters和surround为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填surrounding。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：把从海岸延伸200海里（370公里）的“专属经济区”（EEZs）结合起来，太平洋岛国有权在比非洲还大的海域捕鱼和采矿（见地图）。have rights to do sth为固定短语，表示“去做……的权利”，使用不定式结构作后置定语。故填to fish。 9．考查关系代词。句意： 领导人担心，如果构成他们领土的任何一个或全部岛屿消失，他们将失去这些权利，以及价值数十亿美元的金枪鱼产业。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为the islands，关系词在从句中作主语，同时先行词由 any和all限定，故应用关系代词that引导。故填that。 10．考查动词时态。句意：但其政府正在准备木筏。设空处应填谓语动词，根据上文“It is not yet certain that Tuvalu will go under.”可知，目前还不确定图瓦卢是否会破产，但是该政府目前正在积极准备木筏。由此可知句子表述动作现在正在发生，应该使用现在进行时，表示“正在准备木筏”。主语为单数名词government，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填is readying。 Passage 3 Have you heard of Peru? It is 1 country on the Pacific coast of South America with three main areas: narrow, dry, flat land 2 (run) along the coast, the Andes Mountains, and the Amazon rainforest. Spain took control of Peru in the 16th century and 3 (rule) it until 1821. It is for this reason that Spanish is the main official language of the country. If you are travelling in Peru soon, you can choose a short flight from Cusco, 4 takes you from the Andes into the Amazon rainforest. Taking a boat to your 5 (accommodate) in the middle of the forest is interesting. Besides, the city of Machu Picchu is a popular destination. I am sure you will feel 6 (amaze) there. Inca builders cut stones to exact sizes so that nothing was needed to hold walls together other 7 the perfect fit of the stones. Cusco is another popular destination for 8 (tourist). Cusco was the capital city of the Inca Empire, a powerful empire in South America until the 1500s. On Lake Titicaca, a boat will take you 9 (stay) with a local Uros family on an island for three days. Both the island and the Uros homes 10 (make) of water plants from the lake. 【答案】1．a 2．running 3．ruled 4．which 5．accommodation 6．amazed 7．than 8．tourists 9．to stay 10．are made 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了秘鲁的地理位置、历史（曾被西班牙统治，官方语言为西班牙语），还推荐其旅游目的地如库斯科、马丘比丘等及特色体验，如住水上植物搭建的房屋。 1．考查冠词。句意：它是南美洲太平洋沿岸的一个国家，有三个主要地区：沿着海岸的狭窄，干燥、平坦的土地，安第斯山脉和亚马逊雨林。根据句意可知，此处泛指“一个国家”，country是可数名词单数，且以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词 a。故填a。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：它是南美洲太平洋沿岸的一个国家，有三个主要地区：沿着海岸的狭窄，干燥、平坦的土地，安第斯山脉和亚马逊雨林。分析句子可知，此处是非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰flat land，flat land和run之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式running。故填running。 3．考查动词时态。句意：西班牙在16世纪控制了秘鲁，并一直统治到1821年。此处为谓语动词的填入，根据前面的动词“took”可知，此处用一般过去时。故填ruled。 4．考查定语从句。句意：如果你马上要去秘鲁旅行，你可以选择从库斯科出发的短途航班，这将带你从安第斯山脉进入亚马逊雨林。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是a short flight，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 5．考查名词。句意：乘船去你在森林中的住处是很有趣的。your是形容词性物主代词，后面接名词作介词to的宾语，accommodate的名词形式是accommodation，意为“住处”。故填accommodation。 6．考查形容词。句意：我相信你在那里会感到惊奇。feel是系动词，后面接形容词作表语，amazed修饰人，意为“感到惊讶的”。故填amazed。 7．考查固定短语。句意：印加建筑工人将石头切割成精确的尺寸，这样除了石头的完美配合外，不需要任何东西来连接墙壁。分析句子可知，此处为other than是固定短语，意为“除了”。故填than。 8．考查名词复数形式。句意：库斯科是另一个受游客欢迎的目的地。分析句子可知，tourist是可数名词，此处表示泛指，所以用复数形式tourists。故填tourists。 9．考查动词不定式。句意：在的的喀喀湖，一艘船将带你去岛上与当地的乌鲁斯家庭住上三天。take sb. to do sth. 是固定用法，意为“带某人去做某事”，所以此处为动词不定式形式to stay。故填to stay。 10．考查固定短语和主谓一致。句意：该岛屿和乌鲁斯人的房屋都由湖中的水生植物建造而成。分析句子可知，be made of 是固定短语，意为“由…… 制成”，主语 Both the island and the Uros homes 是复数，所以用 are made。故填are made。 Passage 4 People need to vote to decide who will be their president. But humans aren’t the only creatures on the Earth to vote. In fact, there are 1 (variety) animals which also make a group decision. They just do 2 for different reasons in different ways. Instead of voting for a president, animals vote on where to live or when to hunt. Take meerkats (猫鼬) for an example. When 3 (search) for food, the animals get together for protection from hunters. But when a meerkat wants to speed up the search, the animal will make a “move call”. If three or more meerkats make this call, an agreement to speed up can 4 (reach). African wild dogs also vote in groups. A group of scientists 5 study the behavior of animals have found that the animals also vote to decide whether to hunt. How do the dogs vote for hunting? They sneeze (打喷嚏)! Whether the dogs will actually go for a hunt is decided by 6 number of sneezes. The more the dogs sneeze, the more likely they will look for a meal. Just like humans, animals don’t always agree 7 one another. But joining in group decisions 8 (be) good for their 9 (survive). It is extremely interesting for us 10 (observe) how animals vote for a decision and stick together. 【答案】1．various 2．it 3．searching 4．be reached 5．who/that 6．the 7．with 8．is 9．survival 10．to observe 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类并不是地球上唯一用投票的方式来做决策的生物，很多动物也会通过投票的方式做出集体决策。 1．考查形容词。句意：事实上，很多动物也会做出集体决策。，此处应填形容词various，作定语修饰名词animals。故填various。 2．考查代词。句意：他们只是因为不同的原因而采取不同的方式来做出集体决策。空格处应填代词it搭配do代指上文提到的make a group decision这一动作。故填it。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：当寻找食物时，动物们会聚集在一起以保护自己不受猎人的伤害。空处需填非谓语动词与前面的连词when一起构成状语从句的省略，又因search和逻辑主语the animals为主谓关系，需填现在分词形式。故填searching。 4．考查动词语态。句意：如果有三只或更多的猫鼬发出这种信号时，就可以达成加速的共识。主语agreement与reach之间为动宾关系，用被动语态；空处前面有情态动词can。故填be reached。 5．考查定语从句。句意：一组研究动物行为的科学家发现，动物也会投票决定是否捕猎。空处引导定语从句，先行词scientists表示人，关系词在从句中作主语，需用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。 6．考查冠词。句意：狗是否真的会去打猎取决于打喷嚏的数量。空格处填the与其后的number of构成固定短语，the number of表示“……的数量”。故填the。 7．考查介词。句意：就像人类一样，动物不总是会同意其他动物。短语agree with sb.意为“同意某人（的看法、说法）”。故填with。 8．考查主谓一致。句意：但参与集体决策有利于他们的生存。空处需要谓语动词，该句主语为动名词短语joining in group decisions，视为单数，时态参考全文的一般现在时，be动词应用is。故填is。 9．考查名词。句意：但参与集体决策有利于它们的生存。空格处作for的宾语，又因空格前有形容词性物主代词their修饰，所以填名词形式；survive 的名词形式survival，为抽象名词没有单复数。故填survival。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：对于我们来说，观察动物如何投票决定并团结在一起是一件非常有趣的事情。It为形式主语，空处需填非谓语动词形式做真正的主语，符合句型it is+adj. for sb. to do sth.即后面要用不定式。故填to observe。 Passage 5 The moment Alok Shukla first saw the forest in central India stretching out before him, he knew two things immediately. One: that this forest—known as the lungs of Chhattisgarh, home to thousands of local people, 1 (endanger) animals and rare plants—was one of the most beautiful places he had ever seen. And two: that he 2 (devote) his life to protecting it from being destroyed by big companies. The only question was, how? Twelve years later, Alok 3 smile at the memory. After all, what he has achieved in the past years has been impressive. On Monday, the 43-year-old 4 (award) the Goldman Environmental Prize, which was widely known as the green Nobel. Back in 2012, the Hasdeo Aranya forest in Chhattisgarh was under threat, because of its rich coal deposits (矿床). In India, the world’s second 5 (large) consumer of coal after China, those deposits are highly valuable. But the value of the forest to the local people was incalculable to Alok. He wasn’t the only one 6 (recognize) the value of the land: local government had declared that the forest should be protected a few years earlier. 7 this, so-called coal areas in the forest were put up for public sale. Alok realized they were sure to lose the battle 8 everyone came together. Out of this, the Save Hasdeo Aranya Committee (委员会) was set up, 9 (teach) people about the local laws and rights available. 10 also joined the different groups together effectively for the first time. Alok hopes winning the Goldman prize will inspire other movements globally—and once again focus attention on the forest. “Any tree being cut in Hasdeo Aranya is wrong, and our effort will be to save every tree.” he vows. 【答案】1．endangered 2． would devote 3．can 4．was awarded 5．largest 6． to recognise 7．Despite 8． unless 9．teaching 10．It 【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章讲述了印度大叔阿洛克·舒克拉因为在哈斯度·阿那亚森林“拯救每一棵树”活动荣获“绿色诺贝尔奖”。 1．考查形容词。句意：第一，这片被称为恰蒂斯加尔之肺的森林，居住着成千上万的部落居民，濒临灭绝的动物和稀有植物，这里是他见过的最美丽的地方之一。名词前用形容词修饰，作定语。故填endangered。 2．考查动词时态。句意：第二，他将毕生致力于保护它不被大公司破坏。主语后缺少谓语，根据was可知，此处表示过去的将来，用过去将来时。故填would devote。 3．考查情态动词。句意：12 年后，阿洛克可以微笑回忆这段经历了。谓语动词前用情态动词，描述现在的事情用一般现在时。故填can。 4．考查动词时态语态。句意：周一，这位 43 岁的男人被授予了戈德曼环境奖 ，也被称为“绿色诺贝尔奖”。主语后缺少谓语，是被动关系，描述过去的事情用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，谓语用单数。故填was awarded。 5．考查形容词最高级。句意：印度是仅次于中国的世界第二大煤炭消费国，这些煤炭储量非常宝贵。序数词+形容词最高级表示“第几大”，用形容词最高奖。故填largest。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：他不是唯一一个认识到这块土地价值的人: 地方当局几年前就宣布这块土地受到保护。was是谓语动词，此处是非谓语动词，the only one后用动词不定式作定语。故填to recognize。 7．考查介词。句意：尽管如此，森林中所谓的煤炭区域还是被拿出来拍卖了。前后句是让步关系，表示尽管，代词前用介词despite，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Despite。 8．考查状语从句。句意：阿洛克意识到，除非大家团结起来，要不然他们注定会输掉这场战斗。unless引导状语从句，是让步关系。故填unless。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：由此，拯救哈斯度·阿那亚森林抵抗委员会被建立，向人们传授当地的法律和权利。谓语是was set up，teach是非谓语动词，表示主动关系，用现在分词，作状语。故填teaching。 10．考查代词。句意：该组织还首次将不同的群体有效地联系在一起。指代 the Save Hasdeo Aranya Committee (委员会)，作主语，用代词it，位于句首，首字母大写。故填It。 话题4 科学技术 Passage 1 Modifying Your Memories It has always been thought that the purpose of our memory is to file away and later allow us to recall everything that happens in our lives, like a 1 (record) device. When we recall a memory, we go into the brain library, take out a file, look at it and then put it back 2 it was. The files may get a little dust y over the years, but they are always there and they never change. However, new research shows this understanding of memory is not that accurate. What memory is 3 (redefine). To start with, there is no central memory bank; elements of memories are stored separately 4 each other so that things related to a particular memory — the smells, sounds, emotions, physical touch, pictures, etc. — are held in different areas of the brain, and it is only in the act of recalling that they are all brought together. 5 researchers hold to be true now is that every time we recall a memory, aspects of that memory can change slightly. This means memories are 6 (flexible) than previously thought. The parallel would be more like bringing up a file on the computer, modifying and then saving 7 again. This understanding has been crucial in enabling scientists to erase and replace memories in quite innovative ways. On a positive note, this is paving the way for new treatments of disorders, like depression and alcohol addiction. In a recent study, a mouse is put into a totally new, empty environment 8 depresses it and leads it to refuse to move. A switch on a laser machine introduces a previously happy memory to the mouse and it runs around 9 (satisfy), showing relaxed, normal behavior. Science fiction? No, not at all. It’s happening here and now. The impossible is becoming possible 10 (fulfill). 【答案】1．recording 2．where 3．has been redefined 4．from 5．What 6．more flexible 7．it 8．which/that 9．satisfied 10．to fulfill 【导语】这是一篇说明文。新的研究发现，记忆的元素彼此分开存储，只有在回忆的过程中，它们才被整合在一起，每次我们回忆起一段记忆时，记忆的某些方面都会发生轻微的变化。这种理解对于科学家以相当创新的方式消除和替换记忆至关重要。文章对此进行了详细介绍。 1．考查动名词。句意：人们一直认为，记忆的目的是将生活中发生的每一件事归档，然后让我们回忆起来，就像一台记录装置。a recording device意为“记录装置”，此处应用动名词作定语表示用途和功能。故填recording。 2．考查状语从句。句意：当我们回忆起一段记忆时，我们进入大脑库，拿出一个文件，看一看，然后把它放回原来的地方。“ it was”是地点状语从句，根据句意，表示“(它原来所在的)地方”，应用连词where引导该从句。故填where。 3．考查现在完成时的被动语态和主谓一致。句意：记忆是什么被重新定义了。动词redefine意为“重新定义”，和主语从句what memory is构成被动关系。此处表示动作发生在过去，但对现在产生结果或影响，应用现在完成时。主语为从句，谓语应用三单形式。故填has been redefined。 4．考查介词。句意：首先，没有中央记忆库；记忆的元素彼此分开存储，因此与特定记忆相关的东西——气味、声音、情感、身体接触、图片等——被保存在大脑的不同区域，只有在回忆的过程中，它们才被整合在一起。separately from each other意为“彼此分开”，此处应用介词from。故填from。 5．考查主语从句。句意：研究人员现在认为，每次我们回忆起一段记忆时，记忆的某些方面都会发生轻微的变化。在主语从句中缺少宾语，且是指事物，应用连接代词what。句首首字母应大写。故填What。 6．考查比较级。句意：这意味着记忆比我们之前认为的更灵活。根据“than previously thought”可知，此处应用形容词比较级more flexible表示“更灵活的”作表语。故填more flexible。 7．考查代词。句意：这种并行更像是在计算机上打开一个文件，修改然后再次保存它。代指前文中的a file应用代词it。故填it。 8．考查定语从句。句意：在最近的一项研究中，把一只老鼠放在一个全新的、空旷的环境中，使它感到沮丧，并导致它拒绝移动。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为environment，应用关系代词which或that。故填which/that。 9．考查形容词。句意：激光机器上的一个开关给老鼠带来了以前快乐的记忆，老鼠就会满意地到处跑，表现出放松、正常的行为。根据“showing relaxed, normal behavior”可知，此处应用形容词satisfied表示“满意的”作状语。故填satisfied。 10．考查动词不定式。句意：不可能变成了可能。become possible to do意为“变得可能做某事”，此处应用to do不定式。动词fulfill意为“实现”。故填fulfill。 Passage 2 Sora: OpenAl will now let you create videos from verbal cues Artificial intelligence leader OpenAI introduced a new AI model called Sora which it claims can create “realistic” and “imaginative” 60-second videos from quick text instructions. In a blog post on Wednesday, the company said Sora is capable of generating videos up to 60 seconds in length from text instructions, 1 (serve) up scenes with multiple characters, specific types of motion, and detailed background details. This is the latest effort from the company behind the viral chatbot ChatGPT, 2 continues to push the generative AI movement forward. 3 “multi-modal models” are not new and text-to-video models already exist, what sets this apart is the length and accuracy that OpenAI claims Sora to have, according to Reece Hayden, a senior analyst at market research firm ABI Research. Hayden said these types of AI models 4 have a big impact on digital entertainment. Sora 5 (make) available to online security professors soon in order to assess the product for harms or risks. It is also granting access to a number of visual artists, designers and filmmakers to collect feedback on 6 creative professionals could use it. For now, OpenAI said Sora is still a work 7 progress with clear “weaknesses,” particularly when it comes to spatial details of a prompt-mixing up left and right-and cause and effect. The latest update comes as OpenAI continues to advance ChatGPT. Earlier this week, the company said it is testing a feature in which users can control ChatGPT’s memory, allowing them to ask the platform to remember chats to make future conversations 8 (personalized) or tell it to forget something previously 9 (discuss). The company also said it plans to work with a team of experts 10 (test) the latest model and look closely at various areas including misinformation,hateful content and prejudice. 【答案】1．serving 2．which 3．While/Though/Although 4．can 5．will be made 6．how 7．in 8．more personalized 9．discussed 10．to test 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了OpenAI新推出的AI模型Sora，该模型能根据简短文本指令生成长达60秒的视频，有望深刻影响数字娱乐领域。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：周三，该公司在博客文章中表示，Sora能够根据简短的文字指令生成长达60秒的视频，提供包含多个角色、特定类型的动作和详细背景细节的场景。空处位于省略that的宾语从句中，根据从句谓语动词is可知，空处需用非谓语动词形式作伴随状语，动词serve“提供”与从句主语Sora之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填serving。 2．考查定语从句。句意：这是风靡一时的聊天机器人ChatGPT背后的公司的最新努力，它继续推动生成人工智能运动向前发展。根据空前谓语动词is和空后谓语动词continues，且句子不能构成并列句，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the company，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 3．考查让步状语从句。句意：ABI Research的高级分析师Reece Hayden表示，虽然“多模态模型”并不新鲜，文本到视频的模型已经存在，但根据OpenAI声称的Sora的长度和准确性，这使其与众不同。根据句子的谓语动词are和is，以及前后句意的对比转折关系可知，空处引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然”，可用while/though/although引导，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填While/Though/Although。 4．考查情态动词。句意：Hayden说，这类AI模型可能对数字娱乐产生重大影响。空处位于省略that的宾语从句中，根据已有动词原形have及句意可知，空处需填情态动词，表示能力或可能性，应用can，表明这类模型有潜力带来大的影响。故填can。 5．考查时态和语态。句意：Sora 将很快提供给在线安全专家，以便他们评估该产品是否存在危害或风险。空处是句子的谓语动词，根据soon可知，句子讲述的是将来的事情，应用一般将来时，且Sora与make之间为被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be made。 6．考查宾语从句。句意：它还向一些视觉艺术家、设计师和电影制作人开放访问，以收集反馈，了解创意专业人士如何使用它。根据空前谓语动词is和空后谓语动词could use可知，空处引导宾语从句作介词on的宾语，从句中缺少方式状语，应用how引导，说明他们想要了解的是使用方式。故填how。 7．考查介词短语。句意：目前，OpenAI表示Sora仍是一个正在进行中的工作，有明显的“弱点”，特别是在空间细节提示方面会混淆左右和因果关系。in progress为固定搭配，意为“正在进行中”。故填in。 8．考查形容词比较级。句意：本周早些时候，该公司表示正在测试一项功能，该功能允许用户控制ChatGPT的记忆，使他们能够要求平台记住聊天内容，以便使未来的对话更加个性化，或者告诉它忘记之前讨论过的某事。根据空前make future conversations可知，此处应用形容词作宾补，且与未使用此功能前的情况相比，应用形容词personalized的比较级more personalized表示“更加个性化的”。故填more personalized。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：本周早些时候，该公司表示正在测试一项功能，该功能允许用户控制ChatGPT的记忆，使他们能够要求平台记住聊天内容，以便使未来的对话更加个性化，或者告诉它忘记之前讨论过的某事。根据空前的不定代词something和副词previously可知，空处需用discuss的适当形式与previously一起修饰something，something与discuss之间为被动关系，应用过去分词discussed，作后置定语。故填discussed。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：该公司还表示，计划与一个专家团队合作，测试最新模型，并密切关注包括错误信息、恶意内容和偏见在内的各个领域。空处位于省略that的宾语从句中，根据从句谓语动词plans可知，空处需用非谓语动词形式，空处表目的，应用不定式形式to test，说明与专家团队合作的目的。故填to test。 Passage 3 Number of Steps a Day It Takes to Cut Risk of Early Death New research suggests exactly how many steps you need to take each day to reduce the risk of heart disease and early death. If you 1 (fail) in your pursuit of walking 10,000 steps a day — researchers have some good news for you. They found walking up to 10,000 steps a day reduces these risks. The lowest risk of early death was 2 people who took 9,000 to 10,500 steps a day. When it came to avoiding heart attack, people 3 (manage) around 9,700 steps a day had the lowest risks. Experts have previously found people who spend a lot of time sitting while awake are more likely 4 (suffer) an early death and develop heart disease. It has been unclear 5 walking can balance out the effects of sitting down for most of the day — until now. A study, published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, analysed data from 72,174 people 6 (age) around 61 from UK. Participants wore a device for seven days to measure their exercise levels. After a seven-year follow-up, 1,633 deaths and 6,190 cardiovascular (心脏血管的) events, such as heart attack, were recorded. The results showed any amount of daily steps above 2,200 a day were linked to lower death and heart disease — 7 the rest of the day was spent being inactive. Julie Ward, a senior nurse in the U.K., said, “We encourage people to stay active for 8 heart and circulatory health by doing 150 minutes of moderate exercise a week. “This can be any activity 9 fits into your lifestyle, such as taking regular walking breaks away from your computer screen, going to the gym, enjoying exercise classes, or even getting off the bus one stop 10 (early) to get more steps in.” 【答案】1．fail/have failed 2．among/in/for 3．managing 4．to suffer 5．whether 6．aged 7．even if/even though 8．their 9．that 10．earlier 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，该研究表明每天走多少步可以降低早逝的风险。 1．考查时态、主谓一致。句意：如果你每天走一万步的目标失败了，研究人员给你带来了好消息。根据句意及a day可知，故时态用一般现在时，且主语为you，故谓语fail“失败”用动词原形；或者fail这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子时态应用现在完成时，又因主语是you，所以助动词用have。故填fail或have failed。 2．考查介词。句意：早死风险最低的在那些每天走9000到10500步的人中。根据句意可知，表示“在……中”，且是很多人当中，用介词among或in。或者翻译为“对应，对”，用介词for。故填among或in或for。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：在避免心脏病发作方面，每天走9700步左右的人风险最低。本句谓语为had，此处为非谓语动词，且people与manage“完成”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作定语，修饰people。故填managing。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：专家们此前发现，醒着时长时间坐着的人更容易早死和患心脏病。be likely to do sth.“有可能做某事”，应用suffer“（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受难”的不定式。故填to suffer。 5．考查主语从句。句意：直到现在，人们还不清楚走路是否能抵消一天中大部分时间坐着的影响。分析句子结构可知，It为形式主语，本空引导主语从句，从句缺少“是否”的含义，应用whether引导。故填whether。 6．考查形容词。句意：发表在《英国运动医学杂志》上的一项研究分析了来自英国的72174名61岁左右的人的数据。表示“年龄为……岁的”，所以用形容词aged构成形容词短语作后置定语，故填aged。 7．考查让步状语从句。句意：结果显示，每天超过2200步的步数与降低死亡率和心脏病有关——即使一天中剩下的时间都不活动。根据句意可知此处引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”，故填even if/even though。 8．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：我们鼓励人们每周进行150分钟的适度运动，以保持心脏和循环系统的健康。放在名词前面，所以用形容词性物主代词their“他们的”，故填their。 9．考查定语从句。句意：这可以是任何适合你生活方式的活动，比如离开电脑屏幕定期散步，去健身房，参加健身课程，甚至提前一站下车多走几步。分析句子结构可知，本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是activity，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，前面有any修饰，应用关系代词that引导。故填that。 10．考查副词比较级。句意：这可以是任何适合你生活方式的活动，比如离开电脑屏幕定期散步，去健身房，参加健身课程，甚至提前一站下车多走几步。根据句意可知此处为“早些时候”，所以用副词early的比较级作状语，故填earlier. Passage 4 Big Tech nervous as Europe prepares to regulate AI European lawmakers are putting the finishing touches on a set of wide-ranging rules designed to govern the use of artificial intelligence. If passed, those rules would make the E.U. the first major jurisdiction(司法管辖区域) outside of China 1 (pass) targeted AI regulation. And tech companies are lobbying(游说) hard amid the battle over the scope of the rules. The E.U. Artificial Intelligence Act is likely to ban AI that ranks citizens 2 base) on their behavior and facial recognition in public. The rules could set a global standard, as companies may find it easier to obey E.U. rules in all countries, 3 to build different products for different jurisdictions. One of the act’s most controversial points is whether so-called general-purpose AIs—like ChatGPT— 4 be considered high risk, and thus subject to the strictest rules. Lobbying 5 this possibility are Big Tech companies, including Google and OpenAI’s biggest investor Microsoft, which 6 (invest) billions of dollars into building general-purpose AIs and seek to benefit from licensing them out to smaller companies. “Predicting all potential risks” of general-purpose AIs would 7   be near impossible but also hold back innovation, a letter to E.U. lawmakers co-signed by Microsoft in late 2022 says; instead, it recommends, the new rules should place the regulatory burden on the often smaller companies 8 apply Big Tech’s AIs to specific risky use cases. 9 (categorize) general-purpose AI systems as “high risk” would be wrong, Google argued in a separate letter to E.U. regulators, and could harm consumers and hold back innovation in Europe. A group of progressive politicians and technologists resist this idea, arguing that excluding 10 (powerful) AI systems from the new E.U. rules would be similar to passing social media regulation that didn’t apply to Facebook or TikTok. 【答案】1．to pass 2．based 3．rather than 4．should 5．against 6．have invested 7．not only 8．that 9．Categorizing 10．the most powerful 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了欧盟对于人工智能的态度以及各方面的反应。 1．考查非谓语。句意：如果通过，这些规则将使欧盟成为中国以外第一个通过有针对性的人工智能监管的主要管辖区。分析句子结构可知，空格处为major jurisdiction(司法管辖区域)的定语，因为major jurisdiction有序数词the first(第一个)修饰，故其定语用pass(通过)的不定式形式。故答案为to pass。 2．考查非谓语。句意：欧盟《人工智能》法案可能会禁止根据公民的行为和公共场合的面部识别对其进行排名的人工智能。分析句子结构可知，ranks(排名)为句子的谓语，故空格处为非谓语。be based on(基于，以……为基础)为固定短语，此处省略be，用过去分词作状语，故答案为based。 3．考查固定短语。句意：相关法规会制定全球标准，而不是区域不同标准各异，因为在所有国家都能遵守欧盟的规定对公司而言更加简单。分析句子结构可知，空格前后做对比，结合句意“而不是”可知填rather than。 4．考查情态动词。句意：该法案最具争议的一点是，是否应该将所谓的通用人工智能(如chatgpt)视为高风险，从而受到最严格的规定。根据空后动词原形be可知，本空为情态动词，结合句意可知填should表示“应该”。故答案为should。 5．考查介词。句意：游说反对这种可能性的是大型科技公司，包括谷歌和开放人工智能的最大投资者微软，它们已投资数十亿美元构建通用人工智能，并寻求从将它们授权给较小的公司中获益。由下文“which __(invest) billions of dollars into building general-purpose AIs and seek to benefit from licensing them out to smaller companies.(它们已投资数十亿美元构建通用人工智能，并寻求从将它们授权给较小的公司中获益)”可知，这种大型科技公司反对将所谓的通用人工智能(如chatgpt)视为高风险，从而受到最严格的规定，故结合句意可知填against表示“反对”。故答案为against。 6．考查时态。句意：游说反对这种可能性的是大型科技公司，包括谷歌和开放人工智能的最大投资者微软，它们已投资数十亿美元构建通用人工智能，并寻求从将它们授权给较小的公司中获益。分析句子结构可知，空前的which为定语从句引导词，修饰Big Tech companies, including Google and Open AI’s biggest investor Microsoft，故本空为定语从句的谓语。结合句意可知这些公司已经资数十亿美元，且which代替复数名词，故句子用现在完成时形式have invested。故答案为have invested。 7．考查固定搭配。句意：微软在2022年底联合签署的一封致欧盟立法者的信函中表示，“预测通用人工智能的所有潜在风险”不仅几乎不可能，而且还会阻碍创新；相反，它建议，新规则应该将监管负担放在那些通常规模较小的公司身上，这些公司将大型科技公司的人工智能应用于特定的风险用例。由后文的“but also”可知，本空填“not only”，构成固定搭配not only...but also“不仅……而且……”。故答案为not only。 8．考查定语从句。句意：微软2022年底联合签署的一封致欧盟立法者的信中表示，“预测通用人工智能的所有潜在风险”不仅几乎不可能，而且还会阻碍创新；相反，它建议，新规则应该将监管负担放在那些通常规模较小的公司身上，这些公司将大型科技公司的人工智能应用于特定的风险用例。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰名词companies(公司)，从句缺少主语，故应用that/which引导定语从句。故答案为that/which。 9．考查非谓语。句意：谷歌在给欧盟监管机构的另一封信函中表示，将通用人工智能系统归类为“高风险”是错误的，可能会伤害消费者，阻碍欧洲的创新。动词categorize意为“分类”。分析句子结构可知，would be为本句谓语，故本空为非谓语，_____(categorize) general-purpose AI systems as “high risk”为句子主语， 故填动名词形式Categorizing。故答案为Categorizing。 10．考查形容词最高级。句意：一群进步的政界人士和技术专家反对这一想法，他们认为，将最强大的人工智能系统排除在欧盟的新规定之外，将类似于通过不适用于Facebook或TikTok的社交媒体监管。结合句意可知，本空用形容词最高级the most powerful，作定语，修饰名词短语AI systems。故答案为the most powerful。 Passage 5 How to Water Plants All plants need water. The watering of plants plays a major role in helping plants grow healthily. It seems simple but actually requires many considerations. Let’s take a close look at the water plants need first. Plants 1 grow in places with low rainfall require more water. And plants 2 ability to adjust themselves to dry conditions is strong can live with less watering. When it comes to tools, a garden pipe (管子) long enough to reach the furthest part of the garden 3 (prefer). This ensures enough water is provided for the plants and helps to make watering much 4 (easy). An inexperienced gardener may water a little each time but several times a day. This is undesirable 5 it does not help roots to grow deep. Besides, we’d better avoid watering in full sun 6 the leaves won’t lose water quickly from the surface. 【答案】1．which/that 2．whose 3．is preferred 4．easier 5．because 6．so 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了怎样给植物浇水。 1．考查定语从句。句意：生长在降雨量少的地方的植物需要更多的水。分析可知，此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为Plants，指代事物，应用关系代词which或that引导从句，作主语。故填which/that。 2．考查定语从句。句意：而那些适应干旱条件能力强的植物可以少浇水。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为plants，指代物（或人），在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose，修饰名词ability。故填whose。 3．考查时态和语态。句意：说到工具，最好是一根长到花园最远部分的花园管子。动词prefer和主语之间是被动关系，根据句意可知，此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态。主谓一致，故填is preferred。 4．考查形容词比较级。句意：这可以确保为植物提供足够的水，并有助于使浇水更容易。动词make后接复合宾语，根据句意和前文much可知，此处应用形容词easy 的比较级作宾语补足语，表示“更容易”。故填easier。 5．考查连词。句意：这是不可取的，因为它不帮助根部生长得更深。后文it does not help roots to grow deep和前文之间是因果关系，是前文的直接原因，应用because引导原因状语从句。故填because。 6．考查连词。句意：此外，我们最好避免在阳光下浇水，这样叶子表面的水分就不会很快流失。后文the leaves won’t lose water quickly from the surface是前文的结果，故用连词so引导。故填so。 话题5 文化艺术 Passage 1 The Fascinating Culture of the Miao People The Miao ethnicity of China has a long history, rich culture, and an ancient folk religion. 1 (decorate) with beautiful traditional clothes, they live in uniquely designed architecture. Throughout history, the Miao people were constantly migrating, always on the move. In more modern times, part of the Miao people gradually settled down in southeast Asian countries. Today, the Miao people in China 2 (concentrate) in eight provinces, autonomous regions, and cities in southwest and south-central China, 3 Guizhou Province has the largest population. The Miao people have lived the lush vegetation of the mountains and river for generations. The Miaoling Mountains located in Guizhou Province are the watershed (分水岭) between the Pearl River and the Yangtze River. Kaili City, the capital of Qiandongnan, is known as the Pearl of Miaoling Mountains. Just 10 kilometers from the city center, the 4 (wind) crystal-clear Bala River runs through the valley by the city. On the cliffs of the peaks on either side of the river 5 (sit) a cluster of Miao villages, scattered like pearls. The people who live in the ancient villages are sincere, kind, hospitable, and honest. 6 a tourist ever get lost, there were no need to worry. All that needs to do is just call out in a loud voice outside any courtyard, “Is anyone home? I’m lost.” A wooden window would open instantly and an elderly person would stick the head out, describing 7 the tourist should head in simple, basic Putonghua. The fantastically colored rice terraces (梯田) can be seen at the edge of the village path. The ripe rice is bent over 8 they were expressing gratefulness to the earth for giving it life. After the harvest is done, rice is neatly tied-up and arranged, waiting 9 (handle) better. Self-sufficiency in living off the land is a way of life that Miao families have handed down to their descendants for generations, and today the Miao people still maintain their traditional way of life and work 10 the gazing crowds of tourists who pass through their villages. 【答案】1．Decorated 2．are concentrated 3．among which/of which    4．winding   5．sits   6．Should 7．where 8．as if/as though 9．to be handled 10．despite 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国苗族悠久的历史、丰富的文化和古老的民间宗教，以及他们独特的服饰、建筑和生活方式。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们穿着漂亮的传统服装，居住在独特设计的建筑中。“_____ (decorate) with beautiful traditional clothes”作伴随状语，decorate(装饰)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语they之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填Decorated。 2．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：今天，中国的苗族人主要集中在中国西南部和中南部的八个省、自治区和城市，其中贵州省的人口最多。concentrate(使……集中或聚集)是谓语动词，与主语the Miao people之间是被动关系，结合时间状语Today可知，描述当前状态，用一般现在时态，名词people作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。故填are concentrated。 3．考查定语从句。句意：今天，中国的苗族人主要集中在中国西南部和中南部的八个省、自治区和城市，其中贵州省的人口最多。“_____ Guizhou Province has the largest population”是定语从句，修饰先行词“eight provinces, autonomous regions, and cities”，关系词将其代入定语从句中作状语，表示“在八个省、自治区和城市中”，可用“介词among/of+关系代词which”引导该从句。故填among/of which。 4．考查形容词。句意：离市中心仅10公里，蜿蜒清澈的巴拉河穿过城市的山谷。提示词修饰名词Bala River，用同根形容词winding作定语，意为“曲折的，蜿蜒的”。故填winding。 5．考查倒装句型、时态和主谓一致。句意：在河流两岸的山峰悬崖上，散落着一簇簇苗族村寨，像珍珠一样。本句是倒装句型，主语是a cluster of Miao villages，sit(坐落在)是谓语动词，与主语之间是主动关系，结合句意，描述客观事实，用一般现在时态，又因“a cluster of+名词”作主语时，其后的谓语动词通常使用单数形式。故填sits。 6．考查固定句型和虚拟语气。句意：如果游客迷路了，也不用担心。根据句意，“_____ a tourist ever get lost”是虚拟条件状语从句，原句为“If a tourist should ever get lost”，在虚拟条件句中，如果有助动词should，可省略连词if，并将should置于从句句首；句首单词首字母大写。故填Should。 7．考查宾语从句。句意：一扇木窗会立刻打开，一位老人会把头伸出来，用简单、基本的普通话描述游客应该去哪里。“_____ the tourist should head”是宾语从句，结合句意，表示“游客应该去哪里”，用应连接副词where引导该从句，并在句中作地点状语。故填where。 8．考查状语从句。句意：成熟的稻子弯下了腰，好像在对大地赐予它生命表示感谢。根据句意，“_____ they were expressing gratefulness to the earth for giving it life”是方式状语从句，表示“好像……”，用连词as if或者as though引导该从句。故填as if/though。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：收割完毕后，稻子被整齐地捆扎起来，排列好，等待更好的处理。wait to do固定搭配，用不定式作宾语，又因handle与其逻辑主语rice之间是被动关系，所以用不定式的被动形式to be handled作宾语。故填to be handled。 10．考查介词。句意：如今，苗族人仍然保持着他们的传统生活方式和工作方式，尽管有成群的游客穿过他们的村庄。根据句意，“_____ the gazing crowds of tourists who pass through their villages”是让步状语，表示“尽管”，用介词despite构成介词短语作状语。故填despite。 Passage 2 A mysterious dog Recently, a museum uncovered a little dog hidden in early Picasso painting. 1 (reveal) during a technical analysis of the Spanish artist’s painting “Le Moulin de la Galette” ahead of an exhibition of his early works, the image of a charming dog has attracted a lot of attention. Opened at the Guggenheim on Friday, the new show “Young Picasso in Paris” includes 10 paintings and drawings made by Picasso upon his arrival in the French capital in 1900. “Le Moulin de la Galette” 2 (describe) a lively scene at a famous Parisian dance hall also painted by other artists. A sea of couples are seen dancing in fine hats, painted in quick brushwork, with three figures 3 (seat) at a table in the foreground. Museum experts were able to generate an image of what the dog originally looked like using X-ray scanning, 4 imaging technique that figures out the chemical elements in a painting, according to the Guggenheim’s senior paintings expert, Julie Barten. “It was interesting to me that he quickly painted over this dog, 5 would have been a rather amazing aspect of this painting,” Barten said in a phone call. The museum noted that the dog 6 (wear) a red bow bears a close similarity to a Cavalier King Charles spaniel. Though Barten cannot say for certain 7 Picasso opted to remove the dog from the scene, she suggested that the painter might have considered its lively face and attractive bow too distracting. Covering up the dog allows viewers 8 (look) more carefully at all of these other wonderful figures in the composition and experience the space in different ways. Picasso made other changes to the work, including 9 (switch) the gender presentations of a dancing couple and painting out an empty chair, according to the study. Modifying paintings later became part of Picasso’s regular practice, Barten said, adding that now “Le Moulin de la Galette” 10 (consider) one of the earliest examples of this. 【答案】1．Revealed 2．describes 3．seated 4．an 5．which 6．wearing 7．why 8．to look 9．switching 10．is considered 【导语】本文是说明文。本文讲述了一家博物馆在毕加索早期画作中发现了一只小狗。 1．考查非谓语动词 。句意：在这位西班牙艺术家的早期作品展览之前，对他的画作《Le Moulin de la Galette》进行了技术分析，一只迷人的狗的形象被发现，吸引了很多人的关注。分析句子可知，句子的主语是has attracted，reveal用非谓语动词形式作状语，reveal与逻辑主语the image of a charming dog是被动关系，用过去分词作状语，故填Revealed。 2．考查动词时态。句意：“Le Moulin de la Galette”描绘了在一个由其他艺术家绘制著名的巴黎舞厅里生动的场景。分析句子可知，describe是谓语动词，描述现在的事实用一般现在时，故填describes。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：（人们）看到一群戴着精美帽子跳舞的情侣，用快速的笔法绘制，前景中有三个人坐在一张桌子旁。分析句子可知，此处是with+宾语+宾语补足语复合结构，宾语three figures与seat是被动关系，用过去分词seated，或者看作形容词seated表示“坐”的状态，故填seated。 4．考查冠词。句意：古根海姆博物馆的高级绘画专家朱莉·巴滕(Julie Barten)说，博物馆的专家们利用X射线扫描技术生成了这只狗最初的样子，X射线扫描是一种成像技术，可以找出画作中的化学元素。分析句子可知，此处泛指“一种成像技术”，用不定冠词修饰technique，imaging以元音音素开头，故填an。 5．考查定语从句。句意：巴滕在电话中说:“我觉得很有趣，他很快就把这只狗涂掉了，这本来会是这幅画中一个相当引人注目的方面。”分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰this dog，从句中作主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句用关系代词which，故填which。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：博物馆指出，这只戴着一个红色的蝴蝶结的狗与骑士查尔斯国王猎犬非常相似。分析句子可知，“(wear) a red bow”作定语修饰dog，dog与wear是主动关系，用现在分词作定语，故填wearing。 7．考查宾语从句。句意：尽管巴滕不能肯定地说为什么毕加索选择从场景中移除这只狗，但她认为画家可能认为它活泼的脸和吸引人的蝴蝶结太分散注意力了。分析句子可知，say后接宾语从句，空处填连接词，根据句意，此处解释原因，故填why。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：把狗遮盖起来，可以让观众更仔细地观察构图中的其他精彩人物，并以不同的方式体验空间。allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，用不定式作宾语补足语，故填to look。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据研究，毕加索还对作品进行了其他修改，包括改变了一对跳舞情侣的性别表现，并画掉了一把空椅子。including是介词，接动名词作宾语，故填switching。 10．考查动词时态语态。句意：巴登说，修改画作后来成为毕加索的常规做法之一，并补充说，《Le Moulin de la Galette》现在被认为是最早的例子之一。分析句子可知，consider作谓语，与主语Le Moulin de la Galette是被动关系，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，由now可知，描述现在的事实用一般现在时，故填is considered。 Passage 3 I may be too old, but here goes! This summer, I quit my job and resolved to rent out my flat and go travelling in South East Asia for a year. You might think I’m lucky, but I’m 30 years old, and I’m nervous. It’s not that I 1 (not do) the travelling thing before. After university, I spent two years backpacking around North and South America, and when I returned, I was determined to do it again someday. But you know how it is... I fell in love, started a career, bought a flat and got used to earning a salary. But I gradually realized I had been sacrificing my own sense of worth for my salary. When I handed in that letter of resignation, it felt 2 3 I’d taken charge of my life again. I now have no ties. Many of my friends are now married with children and, while they wouldn’t exchange places with me, they envy me my lack of responsibilities. I’m no longer in a relationship, and I have no burning career ambitions. I feel almost obliged 4 (make) the most of that freedom — if only for my friends’ sake! Why am I so nervous? In the first place, it’s a question of making the necessary arrangements. How could I bear having someone else live in my home? And how would I go about organizing the letting? And apart from anything else, I had to decide on the place 5 I want to go first. I’m a shocking procrastinator (拖延者), and am already several weeks behind my 6 (intend) schedule. “Might as well enjoy the summer in England,” I told myself. Then,“Why not hang around for the start of the football season?” Cutting off emotional ties 7 (make) it even more difficult. I’m putting it off because, deep down, I wonder if I can still cope with backpacking. Will I be able to readjust to a more basic way of life? Will I feel out of place among a community of backpackers fresh out of school and university? Perhaps not. I’ve discovered it’s increasingly common for Britons in 8 late twenties and thirties to want to get themselves away from the lives they’ve made for themselves and head off to foreign countries. 【答案】1．haven’t done 2．as 3．if/though 4．to make 5．where 6．intended 7．makes 8．their 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位30岁的人辞职后准备去东南亚旅行的心路历程。 1．考查时态。句意：并不是我以前没做过旅行这件事。do“做”。根据It’s和before可知，do这一动作开始于过去，对现在有所影响，句子时态应用现在完成时，又因主语是I，所以助动词用have。故填haven’t done。 2．考查表语从句。句意：当我递交那封辞职信时，我感觉自己好像又重新掌控了自己的生活。本空引导方式状语从句，表示“仿佛，好像”，用as if/though引导。故填as。 3．考查表语从句。句意：当我递交那封辞职信时，我感觉自己好像又重新掌控了自己的生活。本空引导方式状语从句，表示“仿佛，好像”，用as if/though引导。故填if/though。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：我几乎觉得有义务充分利用这种自由——哪怕只是为了我的朋友们！make the most of“充分利用”。本句谓语为feel，此处为非谓语动词，feel obliged to do sth.意为“觉得有义务做某事”，此处应用make的不定式。故填to make。 5．考查定语从句。句意：除此之外，我还得先决定我要先去哪个地方。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是place，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 6．考查形容词。句意：我是个可怕的拖延者，已经比我预定的计划落后了好几周。本空修饰名词schedule，用形容词intended“计划中的，预期的”，作定语。故填intended。 7．考查动词时态。句意：切断情感联系会使事情变得更加困难。本空为句子谓语，此处陈述一般事实，时态应用一般现在时，且主语为一个动名词短语Cutting off emotional ties，谓语用make“使得”的第三人称单数makes。故填makes。 8．考查代词。句意：我发现，对于20多岁和30多岁的英国人来说，想要逃离自己为自己创造的生活，前往国外的现象越来越普遍。in one’s twenties“二十多岁”。本空作定语，修饰late twenties and thirties，用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。 Passage 4 Art Builds Understanding At the just completed Designing for Empathy Summit, social scientists and museum leaders gathered to discuss how museums can build empathy and contribute to developing understanding and meaning-making. Despite the long history of scholarship on experiences of art, researchers have yet to capture and understand   1 (meaningful) aspects of such experiences, including the thoughts and insights gained when we visit a museum, the sense of encounter after seeing a meaningful work of art, or the changed thinking after experiences with art. These powerful encounters 2 be inspiring, uplifting, and contribute to well-being and flourishing. The theory of aesthetic cognitivism describes the value of art through its role in facilitating a better understanding of 3 , others, and the world. The question is how that happens–what are the attributes of meaningful experiences of art? 4 the mirror model of art developed by Pablo P. L. Tinio, aesthetic reception corresponds to artistic creation in a mirror-reversed fashion. Artists aim to express ideas and messages about the human condition or the world at large. To do so, they explore key ideas and continually expand, adapt, and fine-tune them as they develop the work, resulting in the build-up of layers of materials — 5 initial studies and sketches to the final, 6 (refine) piece. A viewer’s initial interaction with an artwork starts 7 the artist has left off. Their interaction first involves processing surface features, such as color, texture, and the 8 (finish) touches applied by the artist during the final stages of the creative process. After spending more time with the work, the viewer begins to gain insight and access the ideas of the artist. Correspondence in feeling and thinking suggests a transfer — between creator and viewer — of ideas, concepts, and emotions contained in the works of art. Art has the potential 9 (communicate) across space and time and create connections and insights 10 otherwise would not happen. What it takes for this to happen is active engagement with art in contexts that facilitate this engagement, especially museums. 【答案】1．the most meaningful 2．can 3．ourselves 4．According to 5．from 6．refined 8．where 8．finishing 9．to communicate 10．that/which 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在共情设计峰会中，专家讨论博物馆借艺术体验构建共情，依审美认知理论及镜像模型，艺术可跨时空沟通，需主动参与。 1．考查形容词最高级。句意：尽管关于艺术体验的学术研究历史悠久，但研究人员尚未捕捉和理解这些体验中最有意义的方面，包括我们参观博物馆时获得的思想和见解，看到有意义的艺术作品后的相遇感，或者体验艺术后的思维变化。空处需填形容词来修饰名词 “aspects”，结合句意可知，应为形容词最高级形式the most meaningful，意思是“最有意义的”。故填the most meaningful。 2．考查情态动词。句意：这些强大的相遇可以鼓舞人心，令人振奋，并有助于幸福和繁荣。表示“能够”应用情态动词can。故填can。 3．考查代词。句意：审美认知主义理论通过艺术在促进更好地理解我们自己、他人和世界方面的作用来描述艺术的价值。根据句意可知，这里需要一个反身代词与“others”（他人）和 “the world”（世界）相对应，表示“我们自己”，所以填“ourselves”。故填ourselves。 4．考查固定短语。句意：根据巴勃罗・P・L・蒂尼奥提出的艺术镜像模型，审美接受与艺术创作是一种倒置的镜像。表示“根据”应用介词短语according to，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填According to。 5．考查固定短语。句意：为了做到这一点，他们探索关键的想法，并在他们发展工作的过程中不断扩展、调整和微调它们，从而形成从最初的研究和草图到最终的精致作品的材料层。from...to...是固定搭配，表示“从…… 到……”。故填from。 6．考查形容词。句意：为了做到这一点，他们探索关键的想法，并在他们发展工作的过程中不断扩展、调整和微调它们，从而形成从最初的研究和草图到最终的精致作品的材料层。空处需填形容词作定语来修饰名词piece，“refine”是动词，其过去分词形式“refined”可以作形容词，意思是 “精致的；精炼的”。故填refined。 7．考查地点状语从句。句意：观众与艺术品的最初互动从艺术家离开的地方开始。分析句子 “A viewer’s initial interaction with an artwork starts ____ the artist has left off.”，这里是一个地点状语从句，“where”表示“在…… 地方”，意思是“观赏者与艺术品的初始互动从艺术家停下的地方开始”。故填where。 8．考查固定短语。句意：他们的互动首先涉及处理表面特征，如颜色，纹理，以及艺术家在创作过程的最后阶段应用的最后润色。finishing touches是固定短语，意思是“最后润色；最后修饰”，这里表示艺术家在创作过程最后阶段所做的修饰，所以填“finishing”。故填finishing。 9．考查动词不定式。句意：艺术具有跨越空间和时间进行交流的潜力，并创造出原本不会发生的联系和见解。have the potential to do sth.是固定用法，意思是 “有做某事的潜力”，空处需填动词不定式作后置定语。故填to communicate。 10．考查定语从句。句意：艺术具有跨越空间和时间进行交流的潜力，并创造出原本不会发生的联系和见解。设空处引导定从句，先行词connections and insights，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词that或者which引导。故填that/which。 Passage 5 The TERM “killjoy parents” has been trending on Chinese social media platforms as many young people complain that their parents would rather criticize than praise them for their accomplishments. One poster, for example, remarked that his parents said his high score in math wasn't good enough 1 several other students had scored higher. 2 complained that, after 3 (accept) into a “second-tier” university, the response he got for his father was “Congratulations. You got admitted to a garbage university.” It’s a terrible feeling to have someone “burst your bubble” when you think they should be sharing your joy. And your parents, after all, are probably the people with 4 you most want to share the best moments in your life. But why do some parents seem to be so hard 5 (please)? I think a lot of it has to do with Chinese society. Parents know that life 6 be full of hardship and difficulties, and they want their children to be “hardened” to these realities. Another reason can probably be found deep in Chinese culture. When I asked a Chinese friend why Chinese parents don’t praise their children, he said it’s because they don't want to bring their children bad luck. He told me the story of two women sitting in a park and watching their children play. One of the mothers said to the other, “Your boy is so handsome and healthy.” That other mother replied, “No, he’s very ugly and he’s a very sickly child.” The mother, my friend explained, didn't want her son praised in case the “gods” heard and punished him. It's an old superstition (迷信), but it does have some basis in fact. American parents, at the other extreme, are taught to ever criticize their children because it may hurt their feelings—their self-esteem. Instead, they 7 (tell) to always praise their children, even for failure. Psychologists now believe this is a bad idea. According to one study, too much praise can result in negative effects. 8 kids with low self-esteem felt even worse about themselves, kids with high self-esteem became narcissistic or self-centered. Moreover, children who got too much praise were 9 (likely) to take risks, were unable to deal with failure and tended to give up when faced with challenges. Stacey and Toby aren’t the only people to be welcoming Mariella’s app. It’s now got thousands of users, and she’s working long days to balance it with her A-level studies. The time difference from New York to her school in Rugby, Warwickshire, means she sets her alarm for 5am. 10 (have) “killjoy parents” may not be enjoyable, but it’s important to recognize that their seemingly critical nature doesn't negate the love they have for you. In their hearts, they genuinely share in your joy. 【答案】1．because 2．Another 3．being accepted 4．whom 5．to please 6．can/may/might 7．are told 8．While/Though/Although 9．less likely 10．Having 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是拥有“扫兴父母”可能并不令人愉快，但在他们的心里真诚地分享着你的快乐。 1．考查固定短语。句意：例如，一个帖子说，他的父母说他的数学高分不够好，因为其他几个学生的分数比他高。根据句意，前后句之间是因果关系，故用because引导原因状语从句，故填because。 2．考查代词。句意：另一个人抱怨说，在被一所“二流”大学录取后，他从父亲那里得到的回应是“恭喜你。你被一所垃圾大学录取了。”根据语境和前文的one可知，此处表示三者以上的另一个，用不定代词another作主语，故填Another。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句子可知，after是介词，后接动名词作宾语，accept与逻辑主语he是被动关系，故用动名词的被动式，故填being accepted。 4．考查定语从句。句意：毕竟，你的父母很可能是你最想与之分享生命中最美好的时刻的人。分析句子结构可知，此处为关系词引导的定语从句，先行词为the people，指人，作介词with的宾语，用关系代词whom，所以此处应使用“with whom”引导定语从句。故填whom。 5．考查不定式。句意：但为什么有些父母似乎很难取悦?分析句子可知，形容词后用不定式作状语，不定式与主语是动名词关系，用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义，故填to please。 6．考查情态动词。句意：父母知道生活可能充满艰辛和困难，他们希望自己的孩子能够坚强地面对这些现实。分析句子结构可知，此空后为动词原形，所以此处应使用情态动词，结合句意以及下文的can probably可知，此处表示的是“可能”且表示的是现在的情况，应使用情态动词can或may或might。故填can/may/might。 7．考查时态语态。句意：相反，他们被告知要永远表扬他们的孩子，即使是失败的。分析句子可知，tell是谓语动词，与主语they（指代前文的their children）是被动关系，文章讲述现在的事实用一般现在时，主语they是复数，谓语动词用复数，故填are told。 8．考查状语从句。句意：虽然低自尊的孩子对自己感觉更差，但高自尊的孩子会变得自恋或以自我为中心。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词引导的状语从句，结合句意可知，此处表示“尽管”符合逻辑，所以使用while或though或者although引导让步状语从句，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填While/Though/Although。 9．考查形容词比较级。句意：此外，得到太多表扬的孩子不太可能冒险，无法应对失败，面对挑战时往往会放弃。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作表语，根据句意以及“kids with low self-esteem felt even worse about themselves”可知，此处应使用形容词的比较级，结合下文中的“were unable to deal with failure”可知，此处表示的是“不太可能”应为less likely。故填less likely。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：拥有“扫兴的父母”可能并不令人愉快，但重要的是要认识到，他们看似挑剔的本性并不能否定他们对你的爱。分析句子可知，“(have) “killjoy parents””是主语，用动名词形式，故填Having。 话题6 自然生态 Passage 1 Parental Instincts Last year in early summer, I was walking up the hill to my house in suburban Brisbane when I saw two birds, each about 6 centimeters tall, standing in my driveway. They didn’t seem to notice me 1 I was right in front of them and then they immediately scattered into the nearby bushes. I was quite excited by the idea of two special birds 2 (make) a nest in my front yard, although I didn’t really expect them to as wild birds don’t usually nest so close. A few weeks later, the birds reappeared. I found them crouching beside a tree off to the side of my driveway. As I approached them, I imagined that they’d run away like they did last time, but instead they 3 (stick) out their heads and made a threatening croaking sound 4 came from deep inside their throats. I did some research and found that the birds are burhinus grallarius(长尾石鸻). I still didn’t know 5 they were croaking at me until a short time later I made an amazing discovery: they 6 (lay) two eggs which hatched into two small birds racing around now. As I crept towards the birds, careful not to make any sudden movement, they started their croaking again, 7 (stretch) their necks forwards so they seemed longer and more threatening. I was watching them in awe when I suddenly tripped and fell to the ground. The birds took this 8 a threat and the father raced towards me, spreading his wings to shield the mother and the chicks while making 9 appear larger. I was sorry 10 (scare) them and left quickly. I am amazed by their bold actions. Their parental instincts kicked in and made them so courageous. It is hard not to be awed by nature. 【答案】1．until 2．making 3．stuck 4．that/which 5．why 6．had laid 7．stretching 8．as 9．itself 10．to scare 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了作者和在他门前筑巢的小鸟之间的故事。 1．考查时间状语从句。句意：他们似乎没有注意到我，直到我就在他们面前，然后他们立即分散到附近的灌木丛中。结合空前的didn’t可知，本空填until引导时间状语从句，构成not...until(直到……才)固定搭配，故答案为until。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：想到两只特殊的鸟在我的前院筑巢，我非常兴奋，尽管我真的没想到它们会这样做，因为野生鸟类通常不会在这么近的地方筑巢。分析句子结构可知，本空为介词of的宾语，且与其逻辑主语two special birds为主动关系，故用动名词making构成动名词复合结构作宾语。故答案为making。 3．考查时态。句意：当我走近他们时，我以为他们会像上次一样逃跑，但它们却伸出头来，从喉咙深处发出威胁性的沙哑声。由并列连词but和句意判断，but后为句子，故本空为谓语。动词短语stick out意为“伸出”。且由空前的过去式approached判断事情发生在过去，故句子用一般过去时，故本空填stick的过去式stuck。 故答案为stuck。 4．考查定语从句。句意：当我走近他们时，我以为他们会像上次一样逃跑，但它们却伸出头来，从喉咙深处发出威胁性的沙哑声。分析句子结构可知，sound(声音)为先行词，其后为定语从句，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。故答案为that/which。 5．考查宾语从句。句意：我仍然不知道它们为什么对我大喊大叫，直到不久后我有了一个惊人的发现：它们产下了两个蛋，孵化成了两只现在四处奔跑的小鸟。分析句子结构可知know后为其宾语从句，空处引导宾语从句，从句成份完整，但缺少“为什么”之意，故应用why引导宾语从句。故答案为why。 6．考查时态。句意：我仍然不知道它们为什么对我大喊大叫，直到不久后我有了一个惊人的发现：它们产下了两个蛋，孵化成了两只现在四处奔跑的小鸟。分析句子结构可知，本空为主句谓语，which引导修饰eggs的定语从句。hatched为hatch(孵化)的过去式，lay(产卵)这个动作发生在hatch动作之前完成，故本空用过去完成时。故答案为had laid。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：当我爬向这些鸟时，小心不要突然移动，它们又开始嘎嘎叫了，脖子向前伸，看起来更长，更具威胁性。分析句子结构可知，started为主句谓语，故本空为非谓语，结合句意可知本空为伴随状语，且主语they和动词stretch(伸出)为主动关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语。故答案为stretching。 8．考查介词。句意：鸟儿们认为这是一种威胁，爸爸向我跑来，张开翅膀保护妈妈和小鸡，同时让自己看起来更大。take...as...意为“把……认为是……”，为固定短语，as为介词。took this as a threat意为“认为这是一种威胁”。故答案为as。 9．考查代词。句意：鸟儿们认为这是一种威胁，爸爸向我跑来，张开翅膀保护妈妈和小鸡，同时让自己看起来更大。分析句子结构可知，making后缺少宾语，结合句意填反身代词itself(它自己)。故答案为itself。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：我很抱歉吓到他们，很快就走了。动词scare意为“使害怕，使恐惧”。be sorry to do sth.(对做某事感到抱歉)为固定短语。故答案为to scare。 Passage 2 Situated in North China’s Shanxi province, the Yungang Grottoes (石窟) in Datongon was the last stop on the “International Insights into China” tour, 1 a group of journalists and students from different countries explored the art and history of the grottoes. The first large-scale grotto temple was built over 1,500 years ago, after Buddhism spread to China. It is a 2 (combine) of artistic design elements from India and Central and West Asia with architectural styles (建筑风格) and decorative patterns from Greece and Rome, which 3 (reflect) China’s connection with major civilizations around the world. Covering 4 total area of over 18,000 square meters, the grottoes extend approximately one kilometer from east to west. The site has more than 59,000 statues, ranging in height from 17 meters 5 as small as two centimeters. Amazed by the elegant statues and great caves, the members of the international tour 6 (excited) recorded the experience on their phones. Munkhbat Anu-ujin, a member from Mongolia, said, “The artistic beauty of the Yungang Grottoes is really breathtaking. Standing in front of these massive caves, I 7 (impress) by their beauty. These great stone carvings are not only a great way 8 (admire) China’s ancient sculpture art, 9 a window into China’s rich history and culture. For people who love history and art, the Yungang Grottoes is a trip worth 10 (take).” 【答案】1．where 2．combination 3．reflects 4．a 5．to 6．excitedly 7．am impressed 8．to admire 9．but 10．taking 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了位于中国北部山西省的云冈石窟。 1．考查定语从句。句意：位于中国北部山西省的大同孔云冈石窟是“国际洞察中国”之旅的最后一站，来自不同国家的一群记者和学生探索了石窟的艺术和历史。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词the last stop进行限定说明，先行词在从句中作地点状语，应该用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。 2．考查名词。句意：它将印度和中亚、西亚的艺术设计元素与希腊、罗马的建筑风格和装饰图案结合在一起，反映了中国与世界主要文明的联系。根据空格前的is a可知，空格处应该用单数名词combination作表语。故填combination。 3．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：它将印度和中亚、西亚的艺术设计元素与希腊、罗马的建筑风格和装饰图案结合在一起，反映了中国与世界主要文明的联系。空格处是定语从句的谓语动词，描述客观事实用一般现在时；which代指上文的内容，谓语动词用三单形式。故填reflects。 4．考查冠词。句意：石窟总面积超过18000平方米，从东到西延伸约一公里。根据空格后的单数名词area可知，空格处应该用不定冠词表示“一”，total的发音是辅音音素开头，所以用a。故填a。 5．考查介词。句意：该遗址有59000多尊雕像，高度从17米到2厘米不等。from… to…“从……到……”是固定搭配。故填to。 6．考查副词。句意：优雅的雕像和巨大的洞穴让国际旅行团的成员们惊叹不已，他们兴奋地用手机记录下了这段经历。修饰空格后的动词recorded，应该用副词excitedly作状语。故填excitedly。 7．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：站在这些巨大的洞穴前，我被它们的美丽所打动。空格处是谓语动词，在直接引语中描述当时的事实情况，用一般现在时；主语I和动词impress之间是被动关系，用被动语态，be动词用am。故填am impressed。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些伟大的石雕不仅是欣赏中国古代雕塑艺术的好方法，也是了解中国丰富历史和文化的一扇窗户。名词way后用不定式作定语，way to do something“做某事的方法”是固定搭配。故填to admire。 9．考查连词。句意：这些伟大的石雕不仅是欣赏中国古代雕塑艺术的好方法，也是了解中国丰富历史和文化的一扇窗户。根据句意和上文的not only可知，此处考查固定搭配not only…but (also)“不但……而且……”。故填but。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：对于热爱历史和艺术的人来说，云冈石窟是值得一游的。be worth doing“值得做……”是固定句型。故填taking。 Passage 3 During summer vacation, I went on a three-day camping expedition (远足). We had to carry all of our own clothes and food, as well as tents, cooking pots and first aid kits (急救药箱). On the first day, our instructor taught us how to read maps. It’s not difficult 1 (understand) maps, but walking with a 13-kg backpack under the burning sun 2 (be) not the most ideal situation. Each of us carried four 3 (bottle) of water to drink as well. On the second day, we had to find our own way to the next campsite. My group set out at 9 a.m. full 4 confidence, but soon we found 5 (we) lost on a farm! 6 (luck), each group had a tracker (跟踪器) that allowed our instructors to see 7 we were. We were quickly found and got back on 8 right path. We finally got to camp at 7 pm. Having walked 25 km over 10 hours, my body was aching. The third day was a bit 9 (easy). We successfully made it back to the car park where our coach was waiting. I learned so much from this expedition — not only map reading skills, 10 also teamwork and how to deal with emergency situations. It pushed me to achieve something I never thought I could do and gave me important life skills. 【答案】1．to understand 2．was 3．bottles 4．of 5．ourselves 6．Luckily 7．where 8．the 9．easier 10．but 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在暑假期间进行的一次为期三天的野营探险经历。 1．考查动词不定式。句意：要理解地图并不难，但在烈日下，带着一个13公斤重的背包行走并不是最理想的情况。此处为“it作形式主语，不定式短语作真正主语”结构，所以此处使用动词不定式形式。故填to understand。 2．考查动词时态。句意：要理解地图并不难，但在烈日下，带着一个13公斤重的背包行走并不是最理想的情况。此处为谓语动词，该句为动名词短语作主语，谓语用单数，又因为本文是讲述过去经历，因此应该使用一般过去时。故填was。 3．考查名词复数。句意：我们每个人都带了四瓶水喝。空前有four修饰，bottle意为“瓶子”为可数名词单数，所以此处应为名词复数形式。故填bottles。 4．考查介词。句意：我所在的团队在上午9点时满怀信心地出发，但很快发现我们迷失在一个农场里！此处为固定短语full of意为“充满......”符合句意。故填of。 5．考查反身代词。句意：我所在的团队在上午9点时满怀信心地出发，但很快发现我们迷失在一个农场里！此处为代词作宾语，句子主语和宾语为同一人，所以此处为反身代词作宾语，we的反身代词为ourselves。故填ourselves。 6．考查副词。句意：幸运的是，每一队都有一个跟踪器，可以让我们的教练看到我们在哪里。此处为副词作状语修饰整个句子，lucky的副词为luckily意为“幸运的是”，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Luckily。 7．考查宾语从句。句意：幸运的是，每一队都有一个跟踪器，可以让我们的教练看到我们在哪里。此处为连接词引导的宾语从句作see的宾语，结合句意可知，此处表示“我们在哪里”，所以使用连接副词where。故填where。 8．考查冠词。句意：我们很快就被找到了，然后又回到了正确的路线上。名词path为可数名词单数，其前需要冠词修饰，结合句意，此处表示特指，所以使用定冠词the，on the right path意为“在正确的路线上”。故填the。 9．考查形容词比较级。句意：第三天稍微容易了一些。此处为形容词作表语，根据空前的修饰语a bit可知，此处应使用形容词比较级形式。故填easier。 10．考查连词。句意：我从这次探险中学到了很多东西——不仅仅有看地图的技能，还有团队合作和如何应对紧急情况。此处为“not only...but also...”连接两个并列结构，意为“不仅……而且……”，所以此处使用连词but。故填but。 Passage 4 There 1 (be) no lights in sight but the night sky glowed (发光) a dusky yellow, because the Amazon was burning. The yellow flames engulfed (吞噬) trees 2 lit up the sky. During the day, the sunshine was blocked by thick smoke. So far, the fire 3 (put) out. The government has recorded 72, 843 fires, with this 4 (be) just one of those in the Amazon, the world’s largest rainforest and a fighter against climate change. According to Brazil’s space research agency INPE, the wildfire has decreased 5 17 percent so far 6 (compare) to the same period in 2018. Environmental 7 (group) said the policies of the government encouraged deforestation of the Amazon, 8 (lead) to more fires. But the government posted a report and wanted 9 (argue) against that. A government inspector claimed that non-governmental organizations in 10 (annoy) set fire to the forest after their funding was cut. 【答案】1．were 2．and 3．has been put 4．being 5．by 6．compared 7．groups 8．leading 9．to argue 10．annoyance 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于亚马逊热带雨林着火原因的不同说法。 1．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：没有灯光，但夜空发出暗黄色的光，因为亚马逊那儿正在燃烧。此处为there be结构，be动词的数应与lights的数保持一致，应用复数形式；根据后文was可知，此处描述过去的一般事实，应用一般过去时。故填were。 2．考查并列连词。句意：黄色的火焰吞没了树木，照亮了天空。分析句子结构可知，engulfed和lit up是并列谓语，应用并列词and。故填and。 3．考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，火已经被扑灭了。根据时间状语So far可知，此处描述过去动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时。动词put与主语the fire之间构成被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主谓一致，故填has been put。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：政府已经记录了72843起火灾，这只是亚马逊地区的其中一起，亚马逊是世界上最大的雨林，也是应对气候变化的斗士。此处考查with复合结构，with+宾语+宾补，动词be与宾语this之间存在主动关系，应用现在分词作宾补。故填being。 5．考查介词。句意：根据巴西空间研究机构INPE的数据，到目前为止，与2018年同期相比，野火减少了17%。decrease by“减少了”为固定搭配，介词by表示幅度。故填by。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据巴西空间研究机构INPE的数据，到目前为止，与2018年同期相比，野火减少了17%。分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词。动词compare与the wildfire构成被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语。故填compared。 7．考查名词复数。句意：环保组织表示，政府的政策鼓励了亚马逊地区的森林砍伐，导致了更多的火灾。根据句意可知，可数名词group前没有限定词，应用复数形式，作主语。故填groups。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：环保组织表示，政府的政策鼓励了亚马逊地区的森林砍伐，导致了更多的火灾。分析句子结构可知，宾语从句中的谓语动词是encouraged，且无连词，空处应用非谓语动词；动词lead与前面一句话the policies of the government encouraged deforestation of the Amazon构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填leading。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：但政府发布了一份报告，想对此进行反驳。want to do sth.“想要做某事”为固定搭配，动词不定式作want的宾语。故填to argue。 10．考查名词。句意：一名政府检查员声称，非政府组织在资金被削减后，恼怒地放火焚烧了森林。in annoyance“愤怒地”为固定搭配。故填annoyance。 Passage 5 Color my world Once there was a girl named Rose. Rose always felt blue because she lived in a dull, gray village 1 life was black and white. She longed for adventure, 2 her life was as plain as a brown paper bag. One day while walking down the street, she saw Eric, a former classmate, in 3 red car, and he caught her eye. He looked very happy. He stopped and said, “Hop in, let’s paint the town red!” Rose was a little hesitant, but Eric’s infectious (有感染力的) spirit and the sight of the car’s shiny red outer 4 (excite) her. They drove off into the sunset and found 5 in a city that was lively and full of color. The buildings 6 (paint) in all shades of the rainbow. The streets were alive with people 7 (dress) in colorful clothing. As they drove through the city, Rose saw a rainbow in the sky, and she felt as if she were on cloud nine. Eric took her to a party, and she danced 8 she was red in the face. When the party was over, Eric drove Rose home. But it wasn’t until she was walking to her door that she came up with a great idea. She realized that she needed to stop 9 (chase) rainbows and add some color to her gray existence. She decided to live her life in full color. The next day, Rose took a walk in the village. She noticed that the trees were green, and the flowers bloomed in many colors. She realized that her village was not as dull as she had thought. Rose noticed a shop 10 sold paint. She purchased some and painted her house 11 (bright) color she could find. She was very happy 12 the result. Her neighbors were amazed at the transformation and decided to paint their houses bright colors, 13 . Before long, the whole village was painted in bright colors, and it seemed that a rainbow 14 (fall) upon it. It was a red-letter day for everyone! Rose realized that looking at things in a different light had made all the difference. 【答案】1．where 2．because 3．a 4．excited 5．a place 6．were painted 7．dressed 8．until 9．chasing 10．which/that 11．the brightest 12．with 13．too 14．had fallen 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。罗斯住在一个沉闷、灰暗的村庄里，总是感到忧郁；一次埃里克开车带她到了一个充满活力和色彩的城市；罗斯为了给灰色的生活增添一些色彩，她决定把房子漆成最鲜艳的颜色，邻居们对这种变化感到惊讶，于是也决定把他们的房子漆成鲜艳的颜色。这使罗斯认识到：从不同的角度看待事物会让一切变得不同。 1．考查定语从句的引导词。句意：罗斯总是感到忧郁，因为她住在一个沉闷、灰暗的村庄里，那里的生活只有黑与白。设空处引导定语从句且在句中作地点状语，先行词为village。应用where。 2．考查连词。句意：她渴望冒险，因为她的生活平淡无奇。设空处引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”应用because。故填because。 3．考查冠词。句意：一天，当她走在街上时，她看见以前的同学埃里克，在一辆红色的汽车里，他引起了她的注意。设空处后为名词单数car，表示泛指，应用不定冠词，后为辅音音素开头的单词，应用a。故填a。 4．考查谓语动词。句意：罗斯有点犹豫，但埃里克那富有感染力的精神和那辆车闪亮的红色外壳使她兴奋不已。设空处在句中作谓语，叙述过去发生的事应用一般过去时，设空处应用动词的过去式的形式。故填excited。 5．考查名词。句意：他们在夕阳中开车离开，在一个充满活力和色彩的城市里找到了一个地方。根据空后的定语从句“that was lively and full of color (生动的，充满色彩的)”可知，设空处表示“一个地方”应用a place。故填a place。 6．考查谓语动词的时态和语态。句意：这些建筑物被漆成彩虹的各种颜色。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语之间是被动关系，叙述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，设空处应用一般过去时的被动语态；主语为the buildings，结合主谓一致。故填were painted。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：街上挤满了穿着五颜六色衣服的人。设空处在句中作非谓语，应用动词的过去分词的形式作后置定语，故填dressed。 8．考查连词。句意：埃里克带她去参加一个聚会，她跳得面红耳赤。设空处引导时间状语从句表示“直到”应用until。故填until。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：她意识到她需要停止追逐彩虹，并为她灰色的生活增添一些色彩。设空处在句中作非谓语，固定短语stop doing sth停止做某事。故填chasing。 10．考查定语从句。句意：罗斯注意到一家卖油漆的商店。设空处引导定语从句且在句中作指物的主语，先行词为shop，应用which/that。故填which/that。 11．考查形容词的最高级。句意：她买了一些油漆，把房子漆成了她能找到的最鲜艳的颜色。设空处应为形容词修饰空后的名词，根据“she could find(她可以找到的)”应用最高级的形式。故填the brightest。 12．考查介词。句意：她对结果感到非常高兴。be happy with对……感到满意或高兴。故填with。 13．考查副词。句意：她的邻居们对这种变化感到惊讶，于是也决定把他们的房子漆成鲜艳的颜色。设空处在句中应为副词作状语，表示“也”应用too。故填too。 14．考查谓语动词。句意：不久，整个村庄都被涂上了鲜艳的色彩，似乎有一道彩虹落在了它上面。设空处在that引导的从句中作谓语，表示“过去的过去”应用过去完成时。故填had fallen。 $