Unit7 Space exploration（单元自测·深圳专用）英语新教材沪教版八年级下册

2025-2026学年八年级下册英语单元自测（深圳卷专用） Unit 7·培优卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：75分钟，满分：75分） 一、完形填空（10分） 通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出一个最佳选项。 Have you ever heard of stories such as Nu Wa Repairs the Sky, Chang’e Flies to the Moon and Kuafu chases the Sun? All of these stories have something in 1 . They carried the Chinese 2 of exploring the sun, moon and stars. What’s more, Chinese people have 3 taken action to explore the space since thousands of years ago. But who was the first Chinese that tried to fly into space? Time 4 to the Ming Dynasty. At the end of the 14th century, a man named Wan Hu dreamed of flying into the sky. With a 5 in his hand, he tied a chair with 47 rockets and sat on it. He planned to use the push of the rockets to fly into the sky, and then use the kite to 6 the earth. However, there was something 7 during the journey and he lost his life. But his 8 has encouraged millions of people. As a result, people thought he was the first man to go into space around the world. Now, we are still on the way to achieve our space dream. It may be very dangerous, but we should never 9 exploring. Hope everyone can study hard and do something 10 for our common dream in the future. 1．A．short B．total C．public D．common 2．A．warning B．dream C．danger D．menu 3．A．already B．never C．yet D．soon 4．A．lied B．covered C．returned D．fought 5．A．book B．kite C．stone D．knife 6．A．sound B．discover C．reach D．enter 7．A．wrong B．noisy C．lovely D．pleasant 8．A．post B．fear C．mark D．courage 9．A．like B．stop C．follow D．practice 10．A．helpful B．terrible C．similar D．boring 二．阅读理解（40分） 第一节 阅读下列短文，从下面每小题所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。（共15小题，每小题1.5分） A Solar power: clean energy for the future For many years, people have been looking for clean and renewable energy to take the place of fossil fuels. Solar power is one of the most popular clean energy sources around the world. It uses the sunlight to make electricity, and it doesn’t produce any harmful gases or pollution. Solar power has many advantages. First, it is renewable. The sun will keep shining for billions of years, so we don’t need to worry about it running out. Second, it is quiet and safe. Unlike coal power stations, solar panels don’t make any noise, and they are safe to use at home. Third, it can save money. After you install solar panels, you can make your own electricity, so you don’t need to pay much for the electricity bill every month. However, solar power also has some problems. The biggest one is that it can’t work at night, and it doesn’t work well on cloudy or rainy days. Also, solar panels need a lot of space to produce enough electricity for a large building. And the cost of installing solar panels is still quite high for some people. With the development of technology, these problems are being solved. New solar panels can work better in low light, and the cost is becoming lower and lower. In China, solar power is developing very fast. Now China has the largest solar power capacity in the world, and more and more solar power stations are being built every year. Solar power is playing a more and more important role in our life. It helps us build a cleaner and greener world. In the future, it will become one of the most important energy sources for human beings. 11．What is solar power used for according to the passage? A．To make electricity. B．To produce harmful gases. C．To keep the house warm. D．To clean the air. 12．Which of the following is NOT an advantage of solar power? A．It is renewable. B．It is quiet and safe. C．It can save money. D．It works well at night. 13．What is the biggest problem of solar power? A．It makes a lot of noise. B．It can’t work at night. C．It is not safe to use. D．It produces pollution. 14．Which country has the largest solar power capacity in the world now? A．The US. B．Japan. C．China. D．Germany. 15．What’s the main idea of this passage? A．The advantages and problems of solar power. B．How to install solar panels at home. C．The history of solar power development. D．The ways to save electricity at home. B The next big change in AI will not be a new app—it will be a new workforce. The first wave of AI worked inside computers. It could write, translate, summarize and communicate. It changed how people worked with information and made digital work faster. But a new chapter is now opening—one that moves intelligence from software into the real world. Physical AI does not just give answers. It can understand its surroundings and respond physically. It powers robots, self-driving systems, smart machines and city infrastructure (基础设施). If early AI changed how we worked with information, Physical AI will change how we make things, move things, build things and take care of things. In this change, Shenzhen—powered by the strength of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area—holds important advantages. The city brings together hardware, production, software, supply chain, and new companies in one connected system, which makes it easy to turn ideas into products. New versions can be made quickly, and there are plenty of places to test them. These are exactly what Physical AI needs. Unlike digital AI, which is mainly about algorithms (算法), Physical AI needs a deep connection between models, sensors, parts, chips, production, and—most importantly—real-world testing. However, just putting these parts together is not enough. The success of Physical AI depends on whether it works well in real life—in other words, whether robots are affordable, reliable and safe when doing actual tasks. Shenzhen offers many different real-world environments—from factories to smart city projects—where intelligent systems can learn, grow and improve. This means deployment (投入使用) itself becomes a learning process: real use creates data, data improves performance, and better performance leads to more use. This creates a powerful cycle that rewards places able to turn research into products quickly—and in Shenzhen, robotics companies are already moving from test models to real-world products. 16．How does the writer introduce Physical AI? A．By telling a story about its invention. B．By explaining its development in China. C．By comparing it to the first wave of AI. D．By listing its main functions and features. 17．What can Physical AI do? A．It can write, translate and summarize. B．It can sense the real world and act. C．It can only work inside computers. D．It can replace all human workers. 18．What advantage does Shenzhen have for developing Physical AI? A．It has the largest number of software developers in China. B．It connects everything to turn ideas into products fast. C．It was the first city to use Physical AI in public spaces. D．It offers the lowest cost of robotic labor in the world. 19．What does the writer mean by saying “deployment itself becomes a learning process”? A．Robots improve when tested in real-world environments. B．Shenzhen has the most advanced AI learning systems. C．Learning systems are needed to control robots. D．Deployment is more important than research. 20．What’s the best title for the passage? A．The History of Artificial Intelligence B．The Difference Between AI and Robots C．How Shenzhen Became a Technology Centre D．Physical AI: From Software to the Real World C There are many interesting ways to learn about our world. Sometimes, scientists use their senses to study nature. Other times, they use tools to collect information. Recently, drones (无人驾驶飞机) have become a big help for scientists. Drones can travel far and fit into small spaces, especially the ones that are hard for people to reach. For example, scientists can send a drone to check the size of the ice shelf (冰架) in Antarctica or find out when new icebergs might break off in the Arctic Ocean. Drones can also go underwater. Some drones can enter lakes or even the deepest parts of the ocean. They can help scientists learn more about our oceans and the life in them. Drones are also great for studying pollution. They can fly into the air and find pollution. They can see where the pollution comes from and where it goes. This information helps scientists understand how to keep our air clean and safe for everyone. Another exciting use of drones is watching wild animals. Scientists use drones to study whales. They can also count animal populations and help scientists know when an endangered animal is in trouble. How would you like to look into the mouth of a volcano (火山)? Does that sound dangerous? Drones have made it much safer. Instead of risking their lives, scientists send drones to fly over volcanoes. These drones take pictures and assemble information that can help scientists see volcanic activity and even predict volcanic eruptions (爆发). Weather is another area where drones are helpful. Scientists can use drones to check things like temperature and pressure. With drones, scientists can make better predictions about the weather. So, what would you want to study with a drone? Would you watch wild animals in the forest, visit the Amazon rainforest or create maps of new areas? With all the different kinds of drones available, the possibilities are endless! 21．According to Paragraph 1, which word may scientists use to describe drones? A．Useful. B．Natural. C．Expensive. D．Interesting. 22．Which of the following questions can be answered in Paragraph 4? A．Can drones cut pollution? B．Can drones predict pollution? C．Can drones lead to pollution? D．Can drones help study pollution? 23．The underlined word “assemble” in Paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to “________”. A．Collect B．need C．change D．add 24．What’s the writer’s attitude (态度) towards learning about the world with drones? A．Doubtful. B．Supportive. C．Uncertain. D．Disappointed. 25．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? (①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2... ) A．①/②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧ B．①②③④⑤⑥⑦/⑧ C．①/②③④⑤⑥⑦/⑧ D．①/②/③④⑤⑥⑦⑧ 第二节 阅读下面短文，并从方框里的六个句子中选择五个还原到原文，使原文的意思连贯、完整。（共5小题，每小题2分） Teenagers always have so many questions about the stars and outer space. Fun space craft (手工) ideas are the best way to let you learn about outer space. 26 You will have a great time with these easy space crafts. And it can improve your ability to fix things with your own hands. Space Craft Idea I Who doesn’t like rockets and space crafts? Look at this one. 27 If you have some paper lying around, then you can take action to create some outer space rocket crafts. These rockets are the simplest to make. Space Craft Idea II How about making some astronauts for decorating the walls? You will love these astronauts. Doing it needs some crayons, scissors and coloured papers. With these things, you can make a few astronauts within an hour. 28 Space Craft Idea III What is better than having some handmade corner bookmarks? Get an envelope (信封) first. Cut the corner off the envelope. 29 You can decorate the bookmark with colourful drawings as well. Maybe you also need scissors and the glue. Space Craft Idea IV 30 Does it need a little creativity? This is the right one. This idea is special and fun. Imagine how you will feel when you open your eyes and see these lovely stars and planets on the wall. A．It’s very easy and fast. B．Is there one empty wall in your room? C．Then use the corner to make your bookmark. D．Have you ever dreamt of travelling in space? E．It’s fun to draw and cut out the parts of an astronaut. F．Let’s look at some space craft ideas and see which one you’ll pick. 第3节 第4节 信息匹配 （共5小题，每小题1.5分） 配对阅读。左栏是五个人的需求，右栏是七个新奇的发明的描述。请为每个人的需求匹配合适 的发明，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 31 Zhang Wen often forgets to turn off the lights when leaving his room. 32 Alex rides to work but he worries about the parking (停车). 33 Mary loves nature. She wants to grow some small plants to save space. 34 Easton lost an arm during a car accident. He’s now looking for an artificial one. 35 Jenny often goes hiking. She needs something to help her walk for long hours at night. A．The Solar LightWhen it gets enough sunlight, it turns into light! This solar light can stay on for 16 hours.B．Wear Real Plants Let’s wear real plants on the necks or hands. The plants can keep growing without water. When they grow bigger, you need to move them into flowerpots.C． The Smart Light This smart light turns off by itself when no one is in the room. It’s a great helper. D．Easy Bike Parking Here comes a bike parking app. You only need to download it on phones. And then the app will help you find a place to park. E. An Arm With Cool Tools It’s a kind of artificial arm made by a Japanese company. The cool arm doesn’t cost too much. F. The Cool Chair You can take this chair anywhere! When you don’t need it, you can fold (折叠) it up to save space. G. Hang up Your Plants The Livi planter is a kind of flowerpot. You can hang it on windows. The flowerpot can greatly save space. 第二部分 非选择题（共25分） 三．语法填空（10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（共10小题，每小题1分） China’s space programme has made remarkable progress in recent years. One of the 36 (great) achievements is the construction of the Tiangong space station. The name “Tiangong” means “Heavenly Palace” and comes from ancient Chinese legends, 37 shows the rich cultural heritage behind modern science. The first core module, Tianhe, 38 (send) into space on 29 April 2021. Soon after, astronauts arrived 39 the station and began their work. Life in space is very different from 40 on Earth. Everything floats because there is no gravity. Astronauts have to stick their sleeping bags 41 the wall to stop 42 (float) around. 43 spite of the challenges, astronauts enjoy their life in space. They can see the sun rise 16 times a day and perform spacewalks. Nie Haisheng, one of China’s first astronauts to enter Tiangong, said he was always ready 44 (face) the next challenge. Besides the space station, China has also developed the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS). It can be used for two-way communication, even in areas 45 mobile network is not available. This makes BDS special and useful for people all over the world. 四、书面表达（15分） 46．请根据下列表格信息，写一篇不少于70词的短文，介绍我国女航天员王亚平。 Name Wang Yaping Date of birth January，1980 Birth place Yantai, Shandong Province August 1997 join the army May 2000 join the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) 2010 work hard and become an astronaut 2013 fly into space in Shenzhou10 October 2021 fly into space in Shenzhou13 April 16, 2022 be back to the Earth 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试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第2页，共8页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年八年级下册英语单元自测（深圳卷专用） Unit 7·培优卷（解析版） 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 答案 D B A C B C A D B A 题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 答案 A D B C A C B B A D 题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 答案 A D A B C F D E C B 题号 31 32 33 34 35 答案 C D G E A 1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．D 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文开篇提到中国古代如女娲补天、嫦娥奔月、夸父逐日等与探索太空有关的神话故事，引出中国人探索太空的梦想。接着讲述了明朝万户尝试借助火箭和风筝飞向天空虽失败牺牲，但他的勇气鼓舞了无数人。最后表明现在人们仍在实现太空梦想的道路上，鼓励大家努力学习，为共同梦想做贡献。 1．句意：所有这些故事都有一些共同之处。 short短的；total总共的；public公共的；common共同的。“have something in common”是固定短语，意为“有一些共同之处”，符合语境。故选D。 2．句意：它们承载着中国人探索太阳、月亮和星星的梦想。 warning警告；dream梦想；danger危险；menu菜单。根据“They carried the Chinese...of exploring the sun, moon and stars.”可知，探索日月星辰是一种梦想。故选B。 3．句意：此外，中国人从几千年前就已经采取行动探索太空了。 already已经；never从不；yet还；soon很快。根据“since thousands of years ago”可知，这里表示从过去到现在一直存在的情况，用“already”表示“已经”采取行动。故选A。 4．句意：时间回到明朝。 lied说谎；covered覆盖；returned返回；fought战斗。根据“Time...to the Ming Dynasty.”可知，这里说回到明朝，用“returned”。故选C。 5．句意：他手里拿着一只风筝，把一把椅子绑在47枚火箭上，然后坐在上面。 book书；kite风筝；stone石头；knife刀。根据后文“then use the kite to...”可知，他手里拿的是风筝。故选B。 6．句意：他计划利用火箭的推力飞向天空，然后用风筝回到地球。 sound听起来；discover发现；reach到达；enter进入。根据“He planned to use the push of the rockets to fly into the sky, and then use the kite to...the earth.”可知，这里说用风筝“到达”地球。故选C。 7．句意：然而，在旅途中出了问题，他失去了生命。 wrong错误的；noisy吵闹的；lovely可爱的；pleasant令人愉快的。根据“However,there was something...during the journey and he lost his life.”可知，此处表示出了问题，“something wrong”表示“出了问题”，固定表达。故选A。 8．句意：但他的勇气鼓舞了数百万人。 post岗位；fear恐惧；mark标记；courage勇气。根据“But his...has encouraged millions of people.”可知，万户敢于尝试飞向天空这种危险的行为，体现的是他的“勇气”。故选D。 9．句意：这可能非常危险，但我们永远不应停止探索。 like喜欢；stop停止；follow跟随；practice练习。根据“It may be very dangerous, but we should never...exploring.”可知，虽然危险但不能“停止”探索。故选B。 10．句意：希望每个人都能努力学习，在未来为我们共同的梦想做一些有帮助的事情。 helpful有帮助的；terrible糟糕的；similar相似的；boring无聊的。根据“Hope everyone can study hard and do something...for our common dream in the future.”可知，这里说为梦想做“有帮助的”事情。故选A。 11．A 12．D 13．B 14．C 15．A 【导语】本文介绍了太阳能这一清洁能源。 11．第一段最后一句“It uses the sunlight to make electricity, and it doesn’t produce any harmful gases or pollution.”明确说明太阳能利用阳光发电。 12．第二段“First, it is renewable…Second, it is quiet and safe…Third, it can save money.”及第三段第二句“The biggest one is that it can’t work at night, and it doesn’t work well on cloudy or rainy days.”点明太阳能的优点：可再生、安静和安全、省钱，太阳能晚上无法工作是其缺点。 13．第三段第二句“The biggest one is that it can’t work at night, and it doesn’t work well on cloudy or rainy days.”直接点明太阳能最大的问题是夜间无法工作。 14．第四段最后一句“Now China has the largest solar power capacity in the world, and more and more solar power stations are being built every year.”明确提及中国拥有世界上最大的太阳能装机容量。 15．文章第二段重点讲太阳能的优点，第三段讲太阳能的现存问题，第四段说明技术发展正解决这些问题，最后展望未来，文章核心围绕太阳能的“优点与问题”展开。 16．C 17．B 18．B 19．A 20．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍实体人工智能（Physical AI）的特点及深圳发展实体AI的优势。 16．第一段提到“The first wave of AI worked inside computers”，第二段提到“a new chapter is now opening—one that moves intelligence from software into the real world.”，通过两者的差异对比，清晰介绍了实体AI。 17．第二段提到“It can understand its surroundings and respond physically.”，说明实体AI能感知现实世界并行动。 18．第三段提到“The city brings together hardware, production, software, supply chain, and new companies in one connected system, which makes it easy to turn ideas into products.”，说明深圳整合各类资源，能快速将创意变为产品。 19．第五段提到“real use creates data, data improves performance, and better performance leads to more use.”，说明机器人在真实环境使用中会不断优化提升。 20．通读全文可知，文章主要介绍实体人工智能的特点及深圳发展实体AI的优势，第二段提到“But a new chapter is now opening—one that moves intelligence from software into the real world”，点明文章主旨，对应标题“实体人工智能：从软件走向现实世界”。 21．A 22．D 23．A 24．B 25．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了无人机在科学研究中的多种应用，展现了其帮助科学家探索世界的多样性和有效性。 21．第一段提到“Recently, drones have become a big help for scientists”，明确表明无人机对科学家来说有很大帮助，即“有用的”。选项A“Useful（有用的）”符合描述。 22．第四段指出“Drones are also great for studying pollution”，并详细说明了无人机在研究污染方面的作用，如找到污染源和污染去向等。因此，选项D“Can drones help study pollution?（无人机能帮助研究污染吗？）”是可以在第四段中找到答案的问题。 23．第六段提到“These drones take pictures and assemble information that can help scientists see volcanic activity”，其中“assemble information”意味着无人机收集信息以帮助科学家观察火山活动。选项A“Collect（收集）”与“assemble”在此处的意思最为接近。 24．文章通过列举无人机在科学研究中的多种应用，如探索极地、研究海洋、监测污染、观察野生动物、探索火山和监测天气等，展现了无人机在帮助科学家学习关于世界的知识方面的广泛用途和潜力。这表明作者对使用无人机来探索世界持支持态度，选项B“Supportive（支持的）”符合作者的态度。 25．第一段总述无人机对科学家来说是一个很大的帮助；第二至七段详细介绍了无人机在科学研究中的多种应用；第八段总结了使用无人机学习的无限可能性。因此，文章的结构可以概括为“总-分-总”，选项C“①/②③④⑤⑥⑦/⑧”最能体现这一结构。 26．F 27．D 28．E 29．C 30．B 【导语】本文是一篇介绍太空主题手工制作的说明文，共介绍四种手工创意：火箭、宇航员、角书签和墙面装饰。 26．第一段先指出太空手工是学习太空的好方法，空白处后说“你会玩得很开心……还能提高动手能力”。空白处需要一句引导语，引出下文的具体手工创意。选项F“Let’s look at some space craft ideas and see which one you’ll pick.”起到承上启下的作用，自然总领后文四个创意。 27．第一个手工是火箭。空白处前说“看看这个”，空白处后说“如果你有一些纸，就可以动手制作……这些火箭做起来最简单”。空白处应是一个与火箭或太空旅行相关的设问句，与后文“制作火箭”形成呼应。选项D“Have you ever dreamt of travelling in space?”以问句形式激发兴趣，自然引出制作火箭的话题，符合该段活泼的语气。 28． 第二个手工是宇航员。空白处前说用蜡笔、剪刀和彩纸，一小时内能做几个宇航员，空白处后没有内容（该段到此结束）。空白处应补充制作宇航员的乐趣或特点。选项E“It’s fun to draw and cut out the parts of an astronaut.”与上文材料及过程匹配，使段落完整，且“draw and cut out”与制作过程一致。 29．第三个手工是角书签。空白处前说“先拿一个信封，剪下信封的一个角”，空白处后说“你还可以用彩色图画装饰书签”。空白处应说明剪下角之后怎么做。选项C“Then use the corner to make your bookmark.”衔接自然，与后文装饰书签形成顺承关系。 30．第四个手工是墙面装饰。空白处位于段首，后文说“这需要一点创意吗？……想象你睁开眼睛看到墙上可爱的星星和行星的感觉”。空白处应是一个问句，引出这个创意。选项B“Is there one empty wall in your room?”与后文在墙上贴星星行星的主题一致，设问自然，激发读者动手的欲望。 31．C 32．D 33．G 34．E 35．A 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，左栏介绍了五个人的生活需求，右栏介绍了七种新奇发明，需根据每个人的不同需求，为其匹配对应的实用发明。 31．根据“Zhang Wen often forgets to turn off the lights when leaving his room.”可知，张文离开房间时经常忘记关灯。选项C“智能灯：当房间里没人时，这个智能灯会自动关闭。它是个好帮手。”符合张文忘记关灯的需求，故选C。 32．根据“Alex rides to work but he worries about the parking (停车).”可知，亚历克斯骑车上班但担心停车问题。选项D“便捷自行车停车：这是一款自行车停车应用程序。你只需在手机上下载它，然后该应用会帮你找到停车的地方。”符合亚历克斯担心停车的需求，故选D。 33．根据“Mary loves nature. She wants to grow some small plants to save space.”可知，玛丽热爱自然，想种些小植物来节省空间。选项G“悬挂植物：Livi花盆是一种花盆。你可以把它挂在窗户上。这个花盆能大大节省空间。”符合玛丽想节省空间种植植物的需求，故选G。 34．根据“Easton lost an arm during a car accident. He’s now looking for an artificial one.”可知，伊斯顿在车祸中失去了一只手臂，现在正在寻找义肢。选项E“带酷工具的手臂：这是日本公司制造的一种义肢。这款酷手臂价格不高。”符合伊斯顿寻找义肢的需求，故选E。 35．根据“Jenny often goes hiking. She needs something to help her walk for long hours at night.”可知，珍妮经常去徒步旅行，需要能帮助她在夜间长时间行走的东西。选项A“太阳能灯：当它获得足够阳光时，就会发光！这款太阳能灯能持续亮16小时。”符合珍妮夜间徒步需要照明的需求，故选A。 36．greatest 37．which 38．was sent 39．at 40．that 41．to 42．floating 43．In 44．to face 45．where 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国近年来在航天领域取得的重大成就，同时也展现了中国航天事业背后深厚的文化底蕴和科技实力。 36．句意：最伟大的成就之一是天宫空间站的建造。one of the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词“最……之一”，因此great需要变为最高级形式。故填greatest。 37．句意：“天宫”这个名字的意思是“天上宫殿”，源自中国古代传说，这展现了现代科学背后丰富的文化遗产。此处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子，用关系代词which。故填which。 38．句意：第一个核心舱“天和”于2021年4月29日被送入太空。根据时间状语 “29 April 2021” 可知，句子时态为一般过去时。又因为 “天和” 核心舱是 “被送入” 太空，所以要用被动语态。主语是单数，用was。故填was sent。 39．句意：不久之后，宇航员抵达空间站并开始工作。arrive at + 小地点；arrive in + 大地点。空间站属于小地点，用at。故填at。 40．句意：太空生活与地球上的生活非常不同。比较结构中用that代替前面出现过的不可数名词life以避免重复。故填that。 41．句意：宇航员必须把睡袋粘在墙上，以防止四处漂浮。stick A to B“把A粘在B上”是固定搭配。故填to。 42．句意：宇航员必须把睡袋粘在墙上，以防止四处漂浮。stop sb. doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”。故填floating。 43．句意：尽管面临挑战，宇航员们很享受太空生活。in spite of“尽管”，固定短语。句首首字母需大写。故填In。 44．句意：聂海胜说他随时准备迎接下一个挑战。be ready to do“准备好做某事”。故填to face。 45．句意：它可用于双向通信，即使在没有移动网络的地区也能用。此处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 “areas”，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。 46． Wang Yaping is a great woman astronaut in China. She was born in Yantai, Shandong Province in January, 1980. In August 1997, she joined the army. Three years later, in May 2000, she joined the Communist Party of China. In 2010, she worked hard and became an astronaut. In 2013, she flew into space in Shenzhou 10. In October 2021, she flew into space again in Shenzhou 13. On April 16, 2022, she came back to the Earth successfully. Wang Yaping is the first Chinese woman to do a spacewalk. She is our pride. We should learn from her. 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：记叙文/人物介绍 明确要点：出生信息、参军入党、成为航天员、两次太空飞行、返回地球 确定人称：第三人称（she） 注意事项：需包含表格中所有时间节点信息，开头结尾已给出 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：已给出，介绍王亚平的基本信息（出生地、出生时间） 主体段：按时间顺序介绍她的主要经历（参军、入党、成为航天员、两次太空飞行、返回地球） 结尾段：已给出，评价她的事迹并号召学习 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：基本信息 出生时间：born in Yantai, Shandong Province in January, 1980/born in January, 1980等 出生地点：in Yantai, Shandong Province/in Yantai, Shandong等 要点二：参军入党 参军时间：In August 1997, she joined the army/joined the army in August 1997等 入党时间：in May 2000, she joined the Communist Party of China/joined the Party in May 2000等 要点三：成为航天员 时间表达：In 2010, she worked hard and became an astronaut/in 2010, she became an astronaut after hard work等 努力过程：worked hard/trained hard/studied hard等 要点四：太空飞行 首次飞行：In 2013, she flew into space in Shenzhou 10/went to space in Shenzhou 10 in 2013等 再次飞行：In October 2021, she flew into space again in Shenzhou 13/went to space for the second time in 2021等 返回地球：On April 16, 2022, she came back to the Earth successfully/returned to the Earth on April 16, 2022等 要点五：成就意义 特殊成就：first Chinese woman to do a spacewalk/first woman to walk in space等 榜样作用：our pride/role model/we should learn from her等 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年八年级下册英语单元自测（深圳卷专用） Unit 7·培优卷（参考答案） 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 答案 D B A C B C A D B A 题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 答案 A D B C A C B B A D 题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 答案 A D A B C F D E C B 题号 31 32 33 34 35 答案 C D G E A 36． greatest 37．which 38．was sent 39．at 40．that 41．to 42．floating 43．In 44．to face 45．where 作文： Wang Yaping is a great woman astronaut in China. She was born in Yantai, Shandong Province in January, 1980. In August 1997, she joined the army. Three years later, in May 2000, she joined the Communist Party of China. In 2010, she worked hard and became an astronaut. In 2013, she flew into space in Shenzhou 10. In October 2021, she flew into space again in Shenzhou 13. On April 16, 2022, she came back to the Earth successfully. Wang Yaping is the first Chinese woman to do a spacewalk. She is our pride. We should learn from her. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ 2025-2026学年八年级下册英语单元自测（深圳卷专用） Unit 7·培优卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：75分钟，满分：75分） 1、 完形填空（10分） 通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出一个最佳选项。 Have you ever heard of stories such as Nu Wa Repairs the Sky, Chang’e Flies to the Moon and Kuafu chases the Sun? All of these stories have something in 1 . They carried the Chinese 2 of exploring the sun, moon and stars. What’s more, Chinese people have 3 taken action to explore the space since thousands of years ago. But who was the first Chinese that tried to fly into space? Time 4 to the Ming Dynasty. At the end of the 14th century, a man named Wan Hu dreamed of flying into the sky. With a 5 in his hand, he tied a chair with 47 rockets and sat on it. He planned to use the push of the rockets to fly into the sky, and then use the kite to 6 the earth. However, there was something 7 during the journey and he lost his life. But his 8 has encouraged millions of people. As a result, people thought he was the first man to go into space around the world. Now, we are still on the way to achieve our space dream. It may be very dangerous, but we should never 9 exploring. Hope everyone can study hard and do something 10 for our common dream in the future. 1．A．short B．total C．public D．common 2．A．warning B．dream C．danger D．menu 3．A．already B．never C．yet D．soon 4．A．lied B．covered C．returned D．fought 5．A．book B．kite C．stone D．knife 6．A．sound B．discover C．reach D．enter 7．A．wrong B．noisy C．lovely D．pleasant 8．A．post B．fear C．mark D．courage 9．A．like B．stop C．follow D．practice 10．A．helpful B．terrible C．similar D．boring 二．阅读理解（40分） 第一节 阅读下列短文，从下面每小题所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。（共15小题，每小题1.5分） A Solar power: clean energy for the future For many years, people have been looking for clean and renewable energy to take the place of fossil fuels. Solar power is one of the most popular clean energy sources around the world. It uses the sunlight to make electricity, and it doesn’t produce any harmful gases or pollution. Solar power has many advantages. First, it is renewable. The sun will keep shining for billions of years, so we don’t need to worry about it running out. Second, it is quiet and safe. Unlike coal power stations, solar panels don’t make any noise, and they are safe to use at home. Third, it can save money. After you install solar panels, you can make your own electricity, so you don’t need to pay much for the electricity bill every month. However, solar power also has some problems. The biggest one is that it can’t work at night, and it doesn’t work well on cloudy or rainy days. Also, solar panels need a lot of space to produce enough electricity for a large building. And the cost of installing solar panels is still quite high for some people. With the development of technology, these problems are being solved. New solar panels can work better in low light, and the cost is becoming lower and lower. In China, solar power is developing very fast. Now China has the largest solar power capacity in the world, and more and more solar power stations are being built every year. Solar power is playing a more and more important role in our life. It helps us build a cleaner and greener world. In the future, it will become one of the most important energy sources for human beings. 11．What is solar power used for according to the passage? A．To make electricity. B．To produce harmful gases. C．To keep the house warm. D．To clean the air. 12．Which of the following is NOT an advantage of solar power? A．It is renewable. B．It is quiet and safe. C．It can save money. D．It works well at night. 13．What is the biggest problem of solar power? A．It makes a lot of noise. B．It can’t work at night. C．It is not safe to use. D．It produces pollution. 14．Which country has the largest solar power capacity in the world now? A．The US. B．Japan. C．China. D．Germany. 15．What’s the main idea of this passage? A．The advantages and problems of solar power. B．How to install solar panels at home. C．The history of solar power development. D．The ways to save electricity at home. B The next big change in AI will not be a new app—it will be a new workforce. The first wave of AI worked inside computers. It could write, translate, summarize and communicate. It changed how people worked with information and made digital work faster. But a new chapter is now opening—one that moves intelligence from software into the real world. Physical AI does not just give answers. It can understand its surroundings and respond physically. It powers robots, self-driving systems, smart machines and city infrastructure (基础设施). If early AI changed how we worked with information, Physical AI will change how we make things, move things, build things and take care of things. In this change, Shenzhen—powered by the strength of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area—holds important advantages. The city brings together hardware, production, software, supply chain, and new companies in one connected system, which makes it easy to turn ideas into products. New versions can be made quickly, and there are plenty of places to test them. These are exactly what Physical AI needs. Unlike digital AI, which is mainly about algorithms (算法), Physical AI needs a deep connection between models, sensors, parts, chips, production, and—most importantly—real-world testing. However, just putting these parts together is not enough. The success of Physical AI depends on whether it works well in real life—in other words, whether robots are affordable, reliable and safe when doing actual tasks. Shenzhen offers many different real-world environments—from factories to smart city projects—where intelligent systems can learn, grow and improve. This means deployment (投入使用) itself becomes a learning process: real use creates data, data improves performance, and better performance leads to more use. This creates a powerful cycle that rewards places able to turn research into products quickly—and in Shenzhen, robotics companies are already moving from test models to real-world products. 16．How does the writer introduce Physical AI? A．By telling a story about its invention. B．By explaining its development in China. C．By comparing it to the first wave of AI. D．By listing its main functions and features. 17．What can Physical AI do? A．It can write, translate and summarize. B．It can sense the real world and act. C．It can only work inside computers. D．It can replace all human workers. 18．What advantage does Shenzhen have for developing Physical AI? A．It has the largest number of software developers in China. B．It connects everything to turn ideas into products fast. C．It was the first city to use Physical AI in public spaces. D．It offers the lowest cost of robotic labor in the world. 19．What does the writer mean by saying “deployment itself becomes a learning process”? A．Robots improve when tested in real-world environments. B．Shenzhen has the most advanced AI learning systems. C．Learning systems are needed to control robots. D．Deployment is more important than research. 20．What’s the best title for the passage? A．The History of Artificial Intelligence B．The Difference Between AI and Robots C．How Shenzhen Became a Technology Centre D．Physical AI: From Software to the Real World C There are many interesting ways to learn about our world. Sometimes, scientists use their senses to study nature. Other times, they use tools to collect information. Recently, drones (无人驾驶飞机) have become a big help for scientists. Drones can travel far and fit into small spaces, especially the ones that are hard for people to reach. For example, scientists can send a drone to check the size of the ice shelf (冰架) in Antarctica or find out when new icebergs might break off in the Arctic Ocean. Drones can also go underwater. Some drones can enter lakes or even the deepest parts of the ocean. They can help scientists learn more about our oceans and the life in them. Drones are also great for studying pollution. They can fly into the air and find pollution. They can see where the pollution comes from and where it goes. This information helps scientists understand how to keep our air clean and safe for everyone. Another exciting use of drones is watching wild animals. Scientists use drones to study whales. They can also count animal populations and help scientists know when an endangered animal is in trouble. How would you like to look into the mouth of a volcano (火山)? Does that sound dangerous? Drones have made it much safer. Instead of risking their lives, scientists send drones to fly over volcanoes. These drones take pictures and assemble information that can help scientists see volcanic activity and even predict volcanic eruptions (爆发). Weather is another area where drones are helpful. Scientists can use drones to check things like temperature and pressure. With drones, scientists can make better predictions about the weather. So, what would you want to study with a drone? Would you watch wild animals in the forest, visit the Amazon rainforest or create maps of new areas? With all the different kinds of drones available, the possibilities are endless! 21．According to Paragraph 1, which word may scientists use to describe drones? A．Useful. B．Natural. C．Expensive. D．Interesting. 22．Which of the following questions can be answered in Paragraph 4? A．Can drones cut pollution? B．Can drones predict pollution? C．Can drones lead to pollution? D．Can drones help study pollution? 23．The underlined word “assemble” in Paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to “________”. A．Collect B．need C．change D．add 24．What’s the writer’s attitude (态度) towards learning about the world with drones? A．Doubtful. B．Supportive. C．Uncertain. D．Disappointed. 25．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? (①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2... ) A．①/②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧ B．①②③④⑤⑥⑦/⑧ C．①/②③④⑤⑥⑦/⑧ D．①/②/③④⑤⑥⑦⑧ 第二节 阅读下面短文，并从方框里的六个句子中选择五个还原到原文，使原文的意思连贯、完整。（共5小题，每小题2分） Teenagers always have so many questions about the stars and outer space. Fun space craft (手工) ideas are the best way to let you learn about outer space. 26 You will have a great time with these easy space crafts. And it can improve your ability to fix things with your own hands. Space Craft Idea I Who doesn’t like rockets and space crafts? Look at this one. 27 If you have some paper lying around, then you can take action to create some outer space rocket crafts. These rockets are the simplest to make. Space Craft Idea II How about making some astronauts for decorating the walls? You will love these astronauts. Doing it needs some crayons, scissors and coloured papers. With these things, you can make a few astronauts within an hour. 28 Space Craft Idea III What is better than having some handmade corner bookmarks? Get an envelope (信封) first. Cut the corner off the envelope. 29 You can decorate the bookmark with colourful drawings as well. Maybe you also need scissors and the glue. Space Craft Idea IV 30 Does it need a little creativity? This is the right one. This idea is special and fun. Imagine how you will feel when you open your eyes and see these lovely stars and planets on the wall. A．It’s very easy and fast. B．Is there one empty wall in your room? C．Then use the corner to make your bookmark. D．Have you ever dreamt of travelling in space? E．It’s fun to draw and cut out the parts of an astronaut. F．Let’s look at some space craft ideas and see which one you’ll pick. 第3节 信息匹配 （共5小题，每小题1.5分） 配对阅读。左栏是五个人的需求，右栏是七个新奇的发明的描述。请为每个人的需求匹配合适 的发明，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 31 Zhang Wen often forgets to turn off the lights when leaving his room. 32 Alex rides to work but he worries about the parking (停车). 33 Mary loves nature. She wants to grow some small plants to save space. 34 Easton lost an arm during a car accident. He’s now looking for an artificial one. 35 Jenny often goes hiking. She needs something to help her walk for long hours at night. A．The Solar LightWhen it gets enough sunlight, it turns into light! This solar light can stay on for 16 hours.B．Wear Real Plants Let’s wear real plants on the necks or hands. The plants can keep growing without water. When they grow bigger, you need to move them into flowerpots.C． The Smart Light This smart light turns off by itself when no one is in the room. It’s a great helper. D．Easy Bike Parking Here comes a bike parking app. You only need to download it on phones. And then the app will help you find a place to park. E. An Arm With Cool Tools It’s a kind of artificial arm made by a Japanese company. The cool arm doesn’t cost too much. F. The Cool Chair You can take this chair anywhere! When you don’t need it, you can fold (折叠) it up to save space. G. Hang up Your Plants The Livi planter is a kind of flowerpot. You can hang it on windows. The flowerpot can greatly save space. 三．语法填空（10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（共10小题，每小题1分） China’s space programme has made remarkable progress in recent years. One of the 36 (great) achievements is the construction of the Tiangong space station. The name “Tiangong” means “Heavenly Palace” and comes from ancient Chinese legends, 37 shows the rich cultural heritage behind modern science. The first core module, Tianhe, 38 (send) into space on 29 April 2021. Soon after, astronauts arrived 39 the station and began their work. Life in space is very different from 40 on Earth. Everything floats because there is no gravity. Astronauts have to stick their sleeping bags 41 the wall to stop 42 (float) around. 43 spite of the challenges, astronauts enjoy their life in space. They can see the sun rise 16 times a day and perform spacewalks. Nie Haisheng, one of China’s first astronauts to enter Tiangong, said he was always ready 44 (face) the next challenge. Besides the space station, China has also developed the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS). It can be used for two-way communication, even in areas 45 mobile network is not available. This makes BDS special and useful for people all over the world. 四、书面表达（15分） 请根据下列表格信息，写一篇不少于70词的短文，介绍我国女航天员王亚平。 Name Wang Yaping Date of birth January，1980 Birth place Yantai, Shandong Province August 1997 join the army May 2000 join the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) 2010 work hard and become an astronaut 2013 fly into space in Shenzhou10 October 2021 fly into space in Shenzhou13 April 16, 2022 be back to the Earth ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试题 第7页（共8页） 试题 第8页（共8页） 试题 第5页（共8页） 试题 第6页（共8页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $