Unit 3 Developing ideas知识清单2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级下册

2026-04-07
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Unit 3 Developing ideas知识清单 Part1 语音知识 / k w / 的发音 发音方法:首先发出/k/ 音:舌后部隆起,抵住软腭,憋住气后突然送气,声带不振动(清辅音)。紧接着快速过渡到/w/ 音:双唇收圆并向前突出,类似发汉语“乌”的口型,然后声带振动(浊辅音),气流从双唇间摩擦送出。注意两个音要连读,中间不要停顿,形成一个连贯的音,避免拆分成两个独立的音来读。 发音组合:qu 例词question, quick, quiet, quiz, quarter Part2 核心单词讲解 1 tape /teɪp/ n.(划分地界或捆扎东西等用的)带子,线带 tape 作名词的一词多义: (1)(划分地界或捆扎东西等用的)带子,线带 (2)磁带;录音带 tape player 磁带播放机 (3)胶带;胶条 tape 还可作动词,意为“用胶带粘贴,用胶带固定;用磁带录制(声音、图像)”。 例:The papers were in a pile, tied together with a tape. 报纸叠成一摞,用带子捆了起来。 She found an old music tape in the drawer.她在抽屉里发现了一盘旧音乐磁带。 Wrap the tape tightly around the package.用胶带把包裹紧紧缠好。 2 voluntary /'vɒləntəri/ adj. 志愿的 voluntary adj. 意为“志愿的”。 (1)do some voluntary work 做一些志愿工作 (2)voluntary organization 志愿组织 volunteer 作名词,意为“志愿者”;作动词,意为“自愿做”。volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事。 例:Many students take voluntary jobs during summer breaks. 许多学生在暑假做志愿工作。 The team needs voluntary helpers for the event.团队需要活动的志愿协助者。 Many volunteers helped clean up the park.许多志愿者帮忙清理公园。 3 cooperation /kəʊɒpə'reɪʃən/ n. 合作,协作 cooperation n. 意为“合作,协作”,是不可数名词。 cooperation 的常见搭配:good cooperation 良好合作 promote cooperation 促进合作 in cooperation with... 与……合作 cooperation between A and B A 与B 之间的合作 其动词形式为cooperate,意为“合作,协作”。其常见搭配:(1)cooperate with sb. 与某人合作 (2)cooperate in doing sth. 合作做某事 例:The teacher praised the group for their good cooperation. 老师表扬了小组的良好合作。 There has been close cooperation between teachers and parents. 教师与家长之间一直有密切的合作。 We need to cooperate with classmates to finish the group project. 我们需要和同学合作完成小组作业。 4 noon /nuːn/ n. 正午,中午 noon n. 意为“正午,中午”,指一天中的中午时刻,通常与太阳在天空中的最高点相对应。 noon 的常见搭配:at noon 在中午 around noon 中午左右 before noon / after noon 中午前/ 后 noon meal 午餐(较正式用法) 介词at 用在具体时刻或dawn(黎明),noon(正午),dusk(黄昏),midnight(午夜)等名词前。 例:The sun is highest in the sky at noon.中午时太阳在天空中位置最高。 Let’s meet at the park around noon.我们中午左右在公园见面吧。 I had a delicious noon meal at school today.我今天在学校吃了顿美味的午饭。 5 roof /ruːf/ n. 顶,顶部 roof n. 意为“顶,顶部”,复数形式为roofs。 含roof 的常见短语:(1)on the roof 在屋顶上 (2)climb onto a/the roof 爬上屋顶 (3)repair/fix the roof 修理屋顶 (4)roof garden 屋顶花园 例:The cat is sitting on the roof of the house.那只猫正坐在屋顶上。 Children should never climb onto the roof alone.孩子们绝不应该独自爬到屋顶上。 We need to repair the roof before it rains.下雨前我们需要修补屋顶。 6 thirty-metre-high adj. 三十米高的 其结构为:数词+ 单位名词(单数)+ 形容词,而且三者之间要用“-”来连接。 此类复合形容词的三个特点: (1)单词之间用连字符“-”连接 (2)名词要用单数形式 (3)在句中只能作定语,不能作表语 复合形容词的另一结构是:数词+ 连字符“-”+ 名词(单数),如:a two-minute walk 一段步行2 分钟的路程。 例:They built a thirty-metre-high wall.他们建了一堵 30 米高的墙。 The wall is thirty metres high. 墙高 30 米。 She wrote a 500-word story about her childhood.她写了一篇 500 字的有关她的童年的故事。 thirty-metre-high 是复合形容词,意为“三十米高的”,用于修饰名词。thirty metres high 则意为“高30 米”。 7 ladder /'lædə/ n. 梯子 ladder n. 意为“梯子”。常见搭配: climb a ladder 爬梯子 carry a ladder 搬梯子 wooden ladder 木梯 ladder 还可意为“阶梯”。 the ladder of success 成功的阶梯。 例:Be careful when you stand on the ladder!你站在梯子上时要小心! She placed the ladder against the wall to reach thewindow. 她把梯子靠在墙上以便够到窗户。 The boy climbed up the ladder to pick apples.这个男孩爬上了梯子去摘苹果。 8 teammate /'tiːm-meɪt/ n. 队友 teammate 意为“队友”,由“team(队)+ mate(伙伴)”构成,作可数名词。 常见的与mate 组成的合成词: classmate 同学 roommate 室友 workmate 同事 schoolmate 校友 playmate 玩伴 例:My teammate helps me practice English every day. 我的队友每天帮我练习英语。 We celebrated with our teammates after winning the game. 赢得比赛后,我们和队友一起庆祝。 9 lower /'ləʊə/ v. 把(某物)移低,降下 lower v. 意为“把(某物)降低,降下”,反义词为raise。 lower 的常见搭配:lower a flag 降旗 lower one’s head 低下某人的头 lower 还可作形容词,意为“近底部的;下面的”,只用于名词前。 例:The soldiers lowered the flag at dusk.士兵们在黄昏时降旗。 She lowered the car window to breathe fresh air.她把车窗摇下来呼吸新鲜空气。 The book is on the lower shelf of the cupboard.书在橱柜较低的架子上。 10 painful /'peɪnfəl/ adj. 令人痛苦的 painful adj. 意为“令人痛苦的”,既可作定语也可作表语。 painful 作形容词,还可意为“令人疼痛的”。 painful 是由“pain(n. 痛苦)+ -ful(形容词后缀)”构成的。-ful 表示“充满……的;有……性质的”,类似的词还有:care + -ful → careful 小心的 help + -ful → helpful 乐于助人的 例:Losing her pet dog was a painful experience for Jane. 对简来说,失去宠物狗是一段令人痛苦的经历 The long wait for exam results was painful for all students. 漫长等待考试成绩的过程让所有学生感到痛苦 This toothache is more painful than the last one.这次牙疼比上次更疼。 11 north /nɔːθ/ n. 北,北方 north 方位名词,意为“北,北方”。前面通常加定冠词the。常用搭配:(1)in the north 在北方 (2)in the north of 在……的北部 north adj. 意为“北方的;向北的”。只用于名词前。 north 还可作副词,意为“向北;朝北”。 其形容词形式为“northern”,意为“北方的”。 north(N)北方;south(S)南方;east(E)东方;west(W)西方。 North/South/East/West 通常出现在地名、区域名或特 定地理范围的描述中,如:North America。the north/south/west/east of 指的是方位。 例:She moved to the north to find a job.她搬到了北方去找工作。 A north wind brings cold air in winter.冬天北风会带来冷空气。 The birds fly north every spring. 鸟儿每年春天向北飞 Northern cities experience cold winters and short summers. 北方城市经历寒冷的冬天和短暂的夏天。 12 base /beɪs/ n. 基地,根据地,总部,大本营 base n. 意为“基地,根据地,总部,大本营”。 base camp(登山)大本营。 base 还可作动词,意为“以……为基础”,常用于被动语态。 be based on 以……为基础。 例:They backpacked supplies up to the base camp.他们用背包把补给品运到了大本营。 The company has its base in New York. 公司总部位于纽约。 The soldiers returned to their military base.士兵们返回他们的军事基地。 The story is based on a true event. 这个故事基于真实事件。 Part3 核心短语讲解 1 as soon as possible 尽快;尽早 as soon as possible“尽快;尽早”。 as... as possible 意为“尽可能……”,两个as 之间必须是形容词或副词的原级,相当于as...as one can/could。 类似的短语还有:as early as possible 尽可能早 as careful as possible 尽可能细心 例:Come as soon as possible. = Come as soon as you can. 你尽快来。 Please reply to this email as soon as possible.请尽快回复这封邮件。 2 go camping(尤指到山上或森林里)去露营 go camping 意为“去露营”,其中camp 作动词,意为“扎营,宿营,露营”。 “go + 动词-ing”结构,表示“去做某事”,类似表达还有: go hiking 去徒步 go swimming 去游泳 go skiing 去滑雪 go fishing 去钓鱼 go climbing 去爬山/ 攀岩 go shopping 去购物 go sightseeing 去观光 camp 还可作名词,意为“营地;度假营”。 (1)summer camp 夏令营 (2)winter camp 冬令营 例:Let’s go camping this holiday!这个假期我们去露营吧! We went camping in the mountains last weekend.上周末我们去山里露营了。 Our school organized a summer camp to the mountains.我们学校组织了一次去山区的夏令营。 3 make sure 确保;查明 make sure 意为“确保;查明”,常用于祈使句,表示请求或要求对方做某事。 make sure 的具体用法: (1)make sure + that 从句(that 可省略) 确保…… (2)make sure of (doing) sth. 确保(做)某事 (3)make sure to do sth. 确保做某事 例:Make sure (that) you lock the door before leaving.确保你在离开前锁门。 Please make sure of the meeting time. 请确定一下开会的时间。 She made sure of winning the game by practicing every day. 她通过每天练习确保比赛获胜。 Make sure to come in time. 务必及时到达。 4 too... to... 太……而不能…… too... to...“太……而不能……”。too 后接形容词或副词,to 后接动词原形。该结构常与so/such...that... 以及not... enough to... 互变同义句。 too... to... 与so... that... 进行同义句转换时,that 引导的结果状语从句要用否定形式。 too... to... 与not... enough to... 进行同义句转换时,not后面的形容词是too 后形容词的反义词。 例:I was too excited to say a word.我太兴奋了,以至于说不出话来。 She is too young to go to school. = She is so young that she can’t go to school. = She is not old enough to go to school. 她太小了,还不能去上学。 5 make every effort 尽一切努力 make every effort 意为“尽一切努力”。Make every effort to do sth. = try one’s best to do sth. 尽一切努力做某事。 effort 在此处作名词,意为“努力”。泛指努力时,通常是不可数名词。当强调一次具体的努力时,通常是可数名词。 含effort 的常见短语有: (1)make an effort to do sth. 努力做某事 (2)put more effort into doing sth. 更加努力做某事 (3)without effort 毫不费力 例:They made every effort to help the homeless.他们尽一切努力帮助无家可归的人。 I will make every effort to arrive on time. = I will try my best to arrive on time. 我将尽一切努力准时到达。 China will put more effort into keeping green mountains and clear rivers. 中国将更加努力地保持青山绿水。 6 cheer for 为…… 欢呼、加油、喝彩 辨析: cheer for, cheer up 与cheer on cheer for “为……欢呼;为……加油”,后接支持的对象,侧重对某人、某团队或某事物表达支持、欢呼,强调“因认可而助威”。 cheer up “(使)振奋起来;(使)高兴起来”,后接人。侧重缓解负面情绪(如悲伤、沮丧),让某人变得开心、振奋。 cheer on  “为……加油鼓劲”,强调过程中持续鼓励。cheer sb. on 为某人加油。 Part4 重点句型讲解 1 How about using these tapes? “How about...?”,意为“……怎么样?/做……好不好?”,用于提出建议、询问看法或征求意见。 2 The top of Mount Qomolangma seemed right within reach. within reach很接近;靠近,其中reach为名词,表示“范围”。 3 The thin air took his strength away. take away“拿走;带走”,是动副结构短语。 4 Slowly, bit by bit, Liu stood up and helped Qu climb to the top. bit by bit意为“一点一点地”,同义表达:little by little 5 But Liu was too tired to keep going. keep doing sth. 继续做某事 6 It was dangerous to climb without oxygen, but they knew Liu needed it. 长难句分析:这是一个并列复合句,由转折连词but连接。前半句中It是形式主语,系动词是was,dangerous为表语,to climb without oxygen是真正的主语。后半句的主语是they,谓语是knew,Liu needed it为省略了that的宾语从句。 7 What’s more, no one had done so without using oxygen! What‘s more意为“而且;此外;更重要的是”,起补充信息,加强语气的作用。 8 When they returned to base camp, they were welcomed as heroes. People cheered for Liu, too. (1)cheer for“为……欢呼”,后接欢呼的对象。 (2)长难句分析:这是一个复合句。从句是由When引导的时间状语从句,其中主语是they,谓语是returned,to base camp是介词短语作地点状语。主句主语是they,谓语were welcomed 是被动语态。 9 He did not reach the top, but he shouldered his team into China’s mountaineering history. shoulder sb./sth. into... 把某人/某物扛入…… shoulder作动词,意为“承担;担负”。 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 3 Developing ideas知识清单2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级下册
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Unit 3 Developing ideas知识清单2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级下册
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Unit 3 Developing ideas知识清单2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级下册
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