Unit5 Period 3 Developing ideas & Presenting ideas（导学案）（含思维提升训练）英语外研版选择性必修第三册

外研版选择性必修第三册Unit 5 Learn From Nature Period 3 Developing ideas & Presenting ideas（导学案） 1. 掌握本部分“Back to Nature”阅读内容中的重点词汇、短语和句型。 √ 单词：nature, lifestyle, contrast, courage, desire, harmony √ 短语：return to nature, live a simple life, in contrast to, be opposed to, live in harmony with √ 句型：Both writers got inspiration from nature. / It takes courage to change the way we live. 2. 能够理解对比类说明文的基本结构和主旨大意。 √ 把握文章围绕“两位作家生活方式—对自然的态度—共同观点”展开的逻辑结构 √ 获取并整合人物经历与思想观点之间的关系 3. 提升阅读策略与信息处理能力。 √ 学会通过关键词定位人物信息，通过对比阅读提取异同点 √ 借助表格或图示整理文本结构，提高信息整合能力 4. 在人与自然主题语境下发展思维品质与表达能力。 √ 初步理解不同生活方式背后的价值观及其与自然的关系 √ 能用英语表达自己对“回归自然”或“现代生活”的看法，并进行简单对比 一. 汉译英 1. ________ v. 鞠躬 2. ________ adj.农村的，乡村的 3. ________ adj.可接受的，相当好的 4. ________ n.乡村小屋 5. ________ adj.驯养的；家养的 6. ________ n.（乡间的）小路 7. ________ n.舒适，悠闲 【知识梳理1】 describe characters 描述人物 在本部分阅读中，通过对比两位作家的生活选择，体现“回归自然、简朴生活”的理念。 return v. 返回 nature n. 自然 simple adj. 简单的 【常用搭配】 return to nature 回归自然 live a simple life 过简朴生活 lead a quiet life 过宁静的生活 get close to nature 亲近自然 enjoy a peaceful life 享受宁静生活 live away from the city 远离城市生活 【即学即练】 1. 翻译以下句子：越来越多的人选择回归自然，过简单的生活。 2. 翻译以下句子：他决定远离城市，过一种宁静的生活。 3. 选择：He decided to ______ nature after years of busy city life. A. return to B. return back C. return for D. return with 4. 语法填空：Many people want to live a ______ (peace) life. 5. 句型改写：He lives simply and happily.（用simple life改写） 【知识梳理2】 in contrast to / be opposed to 【语境说明】 用于表达对比关系，突出两种不同生活方式或观点之间的差异。 contrast n. 对比 oppose v. 反对 【常用搭配】 in contrast to 与……形成对比 by contrast 相比之下 be opposed to 反对…… be different from 与……不同 on the contrary 恰恰相反 show a contrast between 展现……之间的对比 【即学即练】 1. 翻译以下句子：他的生活方式与现代城市生活形成了鲜明对比。 2. 翻译以下句子：有些人反对回归自然的生活方式。 3. 选择：His ideas are quite different ______ those of others. A. from B. with C. to D. by 4. 语法填空：Many people are opposed ______ wasting natural resources. 5. 句型改写：His life is simple. Modern life is complex.（用in contrast to合并） 【知识梳理3】n harmony with / desire 用于表达人与自然的关系以及生活追求。harmony n. 和谐 desire n. 欲望 【常用搭配】 live in harmony with 与……和谐相处 be in harmony with 与……一致 reduce material desires 减少物质欲望 have a desire for 对……有欲望 give up material desires 放弃物质欲望 seek a harmonious life 追求和谐生活 【即学即练】 1. 翻译以下句子：我们应该与自然和谐相处。 2. 翻译以下句子：减少物质欲望有助于我们过更幸福的生活。 3. 选择：People should live ______ harmony with nature. A. in B. on C. at D. for 4. 语法填空：He has a strong desire ______ a peaceful life. 5. 句型改写：People reduce their desires. They feel happier.（用现在分词合并） 【知识梳理4】 It takes…to do… 用于表达做某事需要付出努力或具备某种品质，在文本中强调改变生活方式的难度。 【常用搭配】 It takes courage to do sth 做某事需要勇气 It takes time to do sth 做某事需要时间 It takes effort to do sth 做某事需要努力 It takes determination to do sth 做某事需要决心 have the courage to do sth 有勇气做某事 【即学即练】 1. 翻译以下句子：改变生活方式需要很大的勇气。 2. 翻译以下句子：坚持简单生活需要时间和努力。 3. 选择：It takes great courage ______ your old habits. A. change B. to change C. changing D. changed 4. 语法填空：It takes time ______ (form) good habits. 5. 句型改写：To live close to nature is difficult.（用It takes改写） 【知识梳理5】succeed in doing / contentment 【语境说明】 用于表达结果和情感状态，在文本中体现人物在自然生活中获得满足。 succeed v. 成功 contentment n. 满足 【常用表达】 succeed in doing sth 成功做某事 find contentment in 在……中找到满足 be satisfied with 对……感到满意 take pleasure in 从……中获得乐趣 achieve personal fulfilment 实现个人满足 feel content with 对……感到满足 【即学即练】 1. 翻译以下句子：他成功地在简单生活中找到了满足感。 2. 翻译以下句子：人们可以从自然中获得快乐。 3. 选择：He succeeded ______ living a peaceful life. A. in B. on C. at D. with 4. 语法填空：She finds great ______ (satisfy) in helping others. 5. 句型改写：He lives simply. He feels satisfied.（用现在分词合并） 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.I ________ (resign) myself to living with this sense of sadness until very recently. 2. Even _________ (purity) fruit juice, which has a lot of natural sugar, is more harmful than food sugar. 3. According to research, increased social connection and feeling connected can help decrease ________ (depress) symptoms. 4. When we learned to ________ (domestic) animals, we raised them on our land, or we wandered the land with our herds. 5. After a disastrous car crash, Annie was unable to play her piano and __________ (withdraw) from the music she loves. 6. It is important to ________ (evaluation) the potential risks before making a decision. 7. The last bus ________ (depart) from the station at 11:30 p.m. every night.. 8. But when he made his announcement over dinner, they looked at each other and ____________ (frown). 9.My leg really hurts. I need to take some medicine ______ (ease) the pain. 10. n Japan, people favour ________ (bow) from the waist when they meet someone else. 二、短文填空 Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau were both poets. And they shared an intense respect for nature, 1 made them each an influential figure of their time. Both men made dramatic transformations to their lives 2 （reconnect） with nature. Tao quit the service of the court in 405 and spent the next 22 years until his death, 3 （work） the land in a poor, rural area. From his poetry, we can learn that although his life was arduous, he 4 （succeed） in finding contentment in its simplicity and in drawing pleasure from nature . While Tao's return to nature was 5 reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to, Thoreau's was a 6 （person） decision to transform the way he lived. He had a decent quality of life, but he wanted to live in a 7 （simple）way. For two years, two months and two days, he lived in a cottage in the forest on the edge of Walden Pond, 8 （focus）on himself and his writing. Thoreau's descriptions of nature emphasised we should live with animals and plants 9 harmony and enjoy nature's gifts. Although Tao and Thoreau do not treat nature in quite the same way, their works show its 10 （beautiful）and value. 三、阅读理解 Back to nature Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau were both poets, but one lived in Ancient China and the other in 19th century America. Superficially, these two men, whose lives were separated in time by nearly 1,500 years, were polar opposites. And yet they shared an intense respect for nature, which made them each an influential figure of their time. Both men made dramatic transformations to their lives in order to reconnect with nature. As an official in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tao felt conflicted over life at court. In 405, he quit the service of the court for good, expressing his unhappiness in the now famous line that he would not “bow like a servant in return for five dou of grain”. He spent the next 22 years until his death, working the land in a poor, rural area. From his poetry, we can learn that although his life was arduous, he succeeded in finding contentment in its simplicity and in drawing pleasure from nature. While Tao’s return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to, Thoreau’s was a personal decision to transform the way he lived. He had a decent quality of life, but he wanted to live in a simpler way. For two years, two months and two days, he lived in a cottage in the forest on the edge of Walden Pond, focusing on himself and his writing. He explained his reason for doing so in Walden: “I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life.”Both men were happy to withdraw from contemporary life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of their lives. Although Tao and Thoreau do not treat nature in quite the same way, their works show its beauty and value. Tao’s nature is a place of fields and villages, in other words, rural, and his animals are domestic ones, such as chickens and dogs.The calm and peaceful life he wrote about is in contrast to and critical of the depressive court life: Beyond the dark and distance lies a village, The smoke above reluctant to depart. A dog is barking somewhere down the lane, And chickens sit atop the mulberry tree Thoreau’s descriptions of nature emphasised the beauty and purity of the wild areas around him. Devoting himself to observations of the natural phenomena, he recorded his detailed findings in his journals. Thoreau’s writing aimed to convince people that animals and plants had a right to live and prosper, as we do. We should live with them in harmony and enjoy nature’s gifts, as he describes in his journals: Live in each season as it passes; breathe the air, drink the drink, taste the fruit, and resign yourself to the influences of each. Let them be your only diet, drink and botanical medicines. It takes considerable courage to reject the easy and familiar and instead try to live closer to nature, as both Tao and Thoreau did. Their choices led them to quiet and reflective lives with fewer material desires. In today’s modern world, their ideas about living simply and being at ease with nature may take us a step closer to attaining personal well-being and fulfillment. 1. Scan the text and find out the main idea of the text. The passage is mainly about ________________________________________________. 2. Why did Tao Yuanming quit the service of the court? A．He was paid only five dou of grain. B．He was tired of the conflict over life at court. C．He could live a decent life in the rural area. D．He was forced to do this by his superior. 3. What did Thoreau aim to persuade people in his works? A．Humans should respect animals and plants. B．It's right for humans to live on animals and plants. C．Humans should live like animals and plants. D．Animals and plants are gifts of humans. 4. How can we benefit from their ideas about nature? A．Making us pursue more natural desires. B．Promoting our awareness of a reflective life. C．Providing us a chance to be at ease with nature. D．Helping us find personal happiness easily. 5. How does the author develop the passage? A．By describing. B．By quoting. C．By comparing. D．By reasoning. 一、阅读理解 A Population data for European mountain birds have been for the first time combined in a recent study, with worrying results: the abundances of mountain-specialist birds has declined by as much as 10% in the 2000s. Ecological communities in mountain areas include species not found in any other habitats. These species are also very susceptible to climate change, as global warming is reducing their liveable habitats. In principle, species may relocate further up the mountains, but closer to the top their habitat inevitably shrinks. According to the new article, the abundance of European mountain birds has in fact declined in line with climate change projections. The recently released study examined the population trends of 44 bird species in the 2000s in the mountain and fell regions of Fennoscandia, Great Britain, the Alps and the Iberian Peninsula. A decline was seen in 14 of the observed species, while eight of them saw significant increase. “On average, population decline among the species studied was 7% over the 13-year research period, making the situation of mountain birds distinctly worse compared to, for example, European forest birds, whose numbers did not change during the same period,” explains Aleksi Lehikoinen, an Academy of Finland research fellow at the Finnish Museum of Natural History Luomus (part of the University of Helsinki), who headed the study. The situation is the direst for species that only inhabit mountain regions and are unable to live in other European environments. For these species, known as mountain specialists, the numbers dwindled by as much as 10% during the monitoring period. 1. What can we get from the passage about European mountain birds? A．They are newly found species. B．They can be found at any place of the world. C．The number of the birds has decreased greatly. D．The number of the birds has increased greatly. 2. Why did the liveable habitats of the species reduce? A．Air pollutions. B．Global warming. C．Human activities. D．Competition with other species. 3. Which one is TRUE according to a recently released study? A．All 44 bird species decreased. B．Only 8 of the species declined. C．14 of the observed species declined. D．There was no change in the number of the bird species. 4. What does the word “direst” mean in the last paragraph? A．Serious. B．Useful. B Istanbul citizens have a new way to pay for rides on public transport. You might expect this payment method would have something to do with a smart phone app, but you’d be wrong. Some of Istanbul’s train stations now have vending machines that offer fare credit in exchange for recycling plastic bottles or cans. To take advantage of this unusual offer, riders need a stored-value transit card (储值公交卡). Since these cards offer discounted fares, almost all riders have them. Passengers can drop their plastic bottles into a machine of this kind, which will give a value to the recycled materials based on their structures and sizes. This vending machine then adds that value to the recycler’s card. After that, the machine cuts the bottles or cans into pieces to prepare them for processing. Can you pay for your ride with nothing but cans and bottles? It’s possible. According to The New York Times, you’d need more than two dozen standard-size plastic bottles to earn a free trip, so most recycling efforts lead to a discounted fare instead of a free trip. The first recycling machines were fixed at the ITU-Ayazaga subway station. The city plans to introduce at least 100 more machines in stations and other public places like schools in the near future, according to Lonely Planet. Though the transit cards, called Istanbul Cards, are for subways, you can also use them on other forms of public transport like buses. Turkey produces the most waste of any European country after Germany and France. Unlike these two countries, recycling is very limited in Turkey. The vending machines are one way that the city plans to encourage recycling. Istanbul’s high technology efforts are the latest in what seems to be becoming a trend. 5. Why are stored-value transit cards popular with Istanbul citizens? A．They make it convenient to pay their daily fees. B．They make it cheaper to travel by local public transport. C．They help worldwide people to protect the environment. D．They help the citizens use vending machines more easily. 6. Where can you find the information that best supports “the machines have a great future”? A．In Paragraph 1. B．In Paragraph 2. C．In Paragraphs 3 and 4. D．In Paragraphs 4 and 5. 7. What can we learn about Turkey? A．It should take more recycling measures against waste. B．Its waste production ranks No. 1 worldwide. C．Its recycling machines are everywhere. D．It doesn’t recycle its waste at all. 8. What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Istanbul Needs More Recycling Machines B．Environmental Issues Are Serious in Istanbul C．Recycling for Fares Program Lets You Ride for Free D．Your Recyclables Can Reduce Your Subway Fare Here C Some people usually say that the joy of giving is the joy of living. Tony March’s story shows how someone who has enthusiasm for philanthropy(乐善好施) can live joyously by doing what he loves: Helping the less fortunate to achieve lives of self-sufficiency(自给自足) and dignity. Tony March is a man who rose from great poorness to extreme wealth, while, at the same time, generously giving his wealth and his time to improve the situation of those who struggled to survive in the world in which he was raised. At a time when human kindness and sympathy seem to be on the endangered behavior list, it is exhilarating to learn of a man like Tony and be reminded that caring individuals still exist, that the human spirit, firmly focused, can achieve wonders, and that one person’s desire to improve the human condition can have such a strong influence on improving the quality of life for tens of thousands of people. Tony grew up without a father and was regularly beaten by an unloving mother, moving 17 times before he turned 10. He was always laughed at and had to help feed his family by working at a grocery store. Through all the mental and physical abuse, Tony didn’t give up and used education to break the poorness cycle and became the owner of 21 auto dealerships. “It is education that brings success to me,” he said. When the Director of Metropolitan Ministries (a homeless shelfter) found out about Tony, he suggested that Mr. March “go public” with his story so that others, inspired by what he had done, would be more willing to give their talent, time and money to help the less fortunate as well. It was a persuasive argument that Tony finally accepted. His book, Paying It Backward, will be published soon. Paying It Backward reminds us that one can live joyously by giving joyously and we all can do a part to help the less fortunate by giving our time, talent, and money for charitable causes. 9. What does the underlined word “exhilarating”mean? A．Worrying B．Disappointing C．Puzzling D．Exciting 10. According to Para. 3, we can know that ___________. A．Tony March’s parents loved him very much B．education influenced Tony March very much C．Tony March lived in the shelters until he was 10 D．Tony March’s mother forced him to work in a grocery store 11. Why did Tony agree to write a book about himself? A．He wanted to make himself known to everyone B．He wanted to sell his book to earn money. C．He wanted more people to do good deeds. D．He wanted more people to read more books. 12. What could be the best title for the passage? A．Giving Back to Society Is Joyful B．The Joy of Giving Is the Joy of Living C．Living Joyfully Can Make a Big Difference D．Giving Our Time And Money Is Important 二、思维提升-观点分享 Discuss the different attitudes towards nature and what kind of life we should choose. 1. Compare two lifestyles: one is living close to nature, the other is living a modern city life. 2. Prepare a short presentation to express your opinion and then practise with your partner. 三、思维提升-书面表达 （注意说明：本作业二选一，为分层作业，难度有所区别。基础一般的同学可以选择作业1，基础较好的同学可以选择作业2。） 二选一 一、基础任务 请根据本单元“Learning from nature”主题，完成一段简短表达。 内容提示： 1. 人类可以从自然中学到什么 2. 举一个简单例子（如动物、植物或自然现象） 3. 表达你的看法 要求：写4—5句话，内容连贯。 二、拓展任务 假如你叫李明，应美国笔友John的请求，给他发一封邮件简要介绍北京。信中至少包括以下要点： 1.概况：北京，中国的首都，位于我国北部，是一个古老而美丽的城市，古建筑和现代风格的建筑和谐相映，它是中国的政治和文化中心； 2.著名景点：长城、水立方、天安门等； 3.文化：京剧，被称为中国国粹； 4.特色美食：北京烤鸭。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：和谐相映harmoniously blend 中国国粹quintessence of China ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 外研版选择性必修第三册Unit 5 Learn From Nature Period 3 Developing ideas & Presenting ideas（导学案） 1. 掌握本部分“Back to Nature”阅读内容中的重点词汇、短语和句型。 √ 单词：nature, lifestyle, contrast, courage, desire, harmony √ 短语：return to nature, live a simple life, in contrast to, be opposed to, live in harmony with √ 句型：Both writers got inspiration from nature. / It takes courage to change the way we live. 2. 能够理解对比类说明文的基本结构和主旨大意。 √ 把握文章围绕“两位作家生活方式—对自然的态度—共同观点”展开的逻辑结构 √ 获取并整合人物经历与思想观点之间的关系 3. 提升阅读策略与信息处理能力。 √ 学会通过关键词定位人物信息，通过对比阅读提取异同点 √ 借助表格或图示整理文本结构，提高信息整合能力 4. 在人与自然主题语境下发展思维品质与表达能力。 √ 初步理解不同生活方式背后的价值观及其与自然的关系 √ 能用英语表达自己对“回归自然”或“现代生活”的看法，并进行简单对比 一. 汉译英 1. ________ v. 鞠躬 2. ________ adj.农村的，乡村的 3. ________ adj.可接受的，相当好的 4. ________ n.乡村小屋 5. ________ adj.驯养的；家养的 6. ________ n.（乡间的）小路 7. ________ n.舒适，悠闲 【答案】 1.1.bow 2.rural 3.decent 4.cottage 5.domestic 6.lane 7.ease 【知识梳理1】 describe characters 描述人物 在本部分阅读中，通过对比两位作家的生活选择，体现“回归自然、简朴生活”的理念。 return v. 返回 nature n. 自然 simple adj. 简单的 【常用搭配】 return to nature 回归自然 live a simple life 过简朴生活 lead a quiet life 过宁静的生活 get close to nature 亲近自然 enjoy a peaceful life 享受宁静生活 live away from the city 远离城市生活 【即学即练】 1. 翻译以下句子：越来越多的人选择回归自然，过简单的生活。 2. 翻译以下句子：他决定远离城市，过一种宁静的生活。 3. 选择：He decided to ______ nature after years of busy city life. A. return to B. return back C. return for D. return with 4. 语法填空：Many people want to live a ______ (peace) life. 5. 句型改写：He lives simply and happily.（用simple life改写） 【答案】1.More and more people choose to return to nature and live a simple life. 2. He decided to live away from the city and lead a quiet life. 3. A 4. peaceful 5. He lives a simple and happy life 【知识梳理2】 in contrast to / be opposed to 【语境说明】 用于表达对比关系，突出两种不同生活方式或观点之间的差异。 contrast n. 对比 oppose v. 反对 【常用搭配】 in contrast to 与……形成对比 by contrast 相比之下 be opposed to 反对…… be different from 与……不同 on the contrary 恰恰相反 show a contrast between 展现……之间的对比 【即学即练】 1. 翻译以下句子：他的生活方式与现代城市生活形成了鲜明对比。 2. 翻译以下句子：有些人反对回归自然的生活方式。 3. 选择：His ideas are quite different ______ those of others. A. from B. with C. to D. by 4. 语法填空：Many people are opposed ______ wasting natural resources. 5. 句型改写：His life is simple. Modern life is complex.（用in contrast to合并） 【答案】1. His lifestyle is in contrast to modern city life. 2. Some people are opposed to returning to nature. 3. A 4. to 5. His life is simple in contrast to modern complex life 【知识梳理3】n harmony with / desire 用于表达人与自然的关系以及生活追求。harmony n. 和谐 desire n. 欲望 【常用搭配】 live in harmony with 与……和谐相处 be in harmony with 与……一致 reduce material desires 减少物质欲望 have a desire for 对……有欲望 give up material desires 放弃物质欲望 seek a harmonious life 追求和谐生活 【即学即练】 1. 翻译以下句子：我们应该与自然和谐相处。 2. 翻译以下句子：减少物质欲望有助于我们过更幸福的生活。 3. 选择：People should live ______ harmony with nature. A. in B. on C. at D. for 4. 语法填空：He has a strong desire ______ a peaceful life. 5. 句型改写：People reduce their desires. They feel happier.（用现在分词合并） 【答案】1.We should live in harmony with nature. 2. Reducing material desires helps us live a happier life. 3. A 4. for 5. Reducing their desires, people feel happier 【知识梳理4】 It takes…to do… 用于表达做某事需要付出努力或具备某种品质，在文本中强调改变生活方式的难度。 【常用搭配】 It takes courage to do sth 做某事需要勇气 It takes time to do sth 做某事需要时间 It takes effort to do sth 做某事需要努力 It takes determination to do sth 做某事需要决心 have the courage to do sth 有勇气做某事 【即学即练】 1. 翻译以下句子：改变生活方式需要很大的勇气。 2. 翻译以下句子：坚持简单生活需要时间和努力。 3. 选择：It takes great courage ______ your old habits. A. change B. to change C. changing D. changed 4. 语法填空：It takes time ______ (form) good habits. 5. 句型改写：To live close to nature is difficult.（用It takes改写） 【答案】1. It takes great courage to change one’s lifestyle. 2. It takes time and effort to stick to a simple life. 3. B 4. to form 5. It takes effort to live close to nature 【知识梳理5】succeed in doing / contentment 【语境说明】 用于表达结果和情感状态，在文本中体现人物在自然生活中获得满足。 succeed v. 成功 contentment n. 满足 【常用表达】 succeed in doing sth 成功做某事 find contentment in 在……中找到满足 be satisfied with 对……感到满意 take pleasure in 从……中获得乐趣 achieve personal fulfilment 实现个人满足 feel content with 对……感到满足 【即学即练】 1. 翻译以下句子：他成功地在简单生活中找到了满足感。 2. 翻译以下句子：人们可以从自然中获得快乐。 3. 选择：He succeeded ______ living a peaceful life. A. in B. on C. at D. with 4. 语法填空：She finds great ______ (satisfy) in helping others. 5. 句型改写：He lives simply. He feels satisfied.（用现在分词合并） 【答案】1.He succeeded in finding contentment in a simple life. 2. People can take pleasure in nature. 3. A 4. satisfaction 5. Living simply, he feels satisfied 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.I ________ (resign) myself to living with this sense of sadness until very recently. 【答案】resigned 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：直到最近，我才甘心忍受这种悲伤。根据句意及时间状语until very recently可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，固定短语“resign oneself to”意为“使自己顺从于”，resign的过去式为resigned。故填resigned。 2. Even _________ (purity) fruit juice, which has a lot of natural sugar, is more harmful than food sugar. 【答案】more tightly 【解析】考查形容词。句意：即便是富含天然糖分的纯果汁，也比食用糖的危害性更大。空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词短语fruit juice，purity的形容词形式为pure，意为“纯净的〞。故填pure。 3. According to research, increased social connection and feeling connected can help decrease ________ (depress) symptoms. 【答案】depressive 【解析】考查形容词。句意：研究表明，加强社交联系、增强归属感有助于减轻抑郁症状。空处应用形容词作定语修饰名 词symptoms，depress的形容词形式为depressive，“抑有的；与抑有症相关的”，depressed也是形容词，但侧重修饰人，意为"（人）感到抑郁的、沮丧的”。故填depressive。 4. When we learned to ________ (domestic) animals, we raised them on our land, or we wandered the land with our herds. 【答案】domesticate 【解析】考查动词。句意：当我们学会驯养动物后，我们会在自己的土地上饲养它们，或是带着牧群在这片土地上游荡。learn to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“学会做某事”，to是不定式符号，后面需要接动词原形，形容词domestic的动词形式是domesticate，意力“驯养；驯化”。故填domesticate。 5. After a disastrous car crash, Annie was unable to play her piano and __________ (withdraw) from the music she loves. 【答案】withdrew 【解析】考查时态。句意：在一场惨烈的车祸后，安妮再也不能弹钢琴了，并且从此远离了她挚爱的音乐。空处由and连接，与was unable作并列谓语，也应用一般过去时，withdraw的过去式为withdrew。故填withdrew。 6. It is important to ________ (evaluation) the potential risks before making a decision. 【答案】evaluate 【解析】考查动词。句意：在做决定之前评估潜在的风险是很重要的。“lt is important to do sth”是固定句型，意为“做某事是重要的”，其中是形式主语，用动词evaluate构成不定式to evaluate作真正的主语。故填evaluate。 7. The last bus ________ (depart) from the station at 11:30 p.m. every night.. 【答案】departs 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：未班车每晚11点30分从车站发车。公交车的发车时间是根据固定时刻表运行的，属于按规定要发生的事。句中的every night也进一步印证了这是一种规律性的安排。句子为一般现在时，主语bus为单数，谓语动词depart用第三人称单数形式。故填departs。 8. But when he made his announcement over dinner, they looked at each other and ____________ (frown). 【答案】frowned 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：但是当他在晚餐时宣布这件事时，他们面面相觑，皱起了眉头。本空与looked并列，作谓语，本句描述过去的动作和状态，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用frown“皱眉”的过去式frowned。故填frowned。 9.My leg really hurts. I need to take some medicine ______ (ease) the pain. 【答案】to ease 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：我的腿真的很疼，我需要吃点药来缓解疼痛。分析句子可知，此处需用动词不定式作目的状语，表达“吃药的目的是缓解疼痛〞，“to ease”符合语法要求。故填to ease。 10. n Japan, people favour ________ (bow) from the waist when they meet someone else. 【答案】bowing 【解析】】考查非谓语。句意：在日本，人们见面时喜欢从腰部鞠躬。分析句子结构可知，这里考查favour doing sth.，是固定搭配，意为“喜欢做某事〞，因此空格处需填动名词形式bowing，符合语境。故填bowing。 二、短文填空 Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau were both poets. And they shared an intense respect for nature, 1 made them each an influential figure of their time. Both men made dramatic transformations to their lives 2 （reconnect） with nature. Tao quit the service of the court in 405 and spent the next 22 years until his death, 3 （work） the land in a poor, rural area. From his poetry, we can learn that although his life was arduous, he 4 （succeed） in finding contentment in its simplicity and in drawing pleasure from nature . While Tao's return to nature was 5 reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to, Thoreau's was a 6 （person） decision to transform the way he lived. He had a decent quality of life, but he wanted to live in a 7 （simple）way. For two years, two months and two days, he lived in a cottage in the forest on the edge of Walden Pond, 8 （focus）on himself and his writing. Thoreau's descriptions of nature emphasised we should live with animals and plants 9 harmony and enjoy nature's gifts. Although Tao and Thoreau do not treat nature in quite the same way, their works show its 10 （beautiful）and value. 【答案】 【小题1】which 【小题2】to reconnect 【小题3】working 【小题4】succeeded 【小题5】a 【小题6】personal 【小题7】simpler 【小题8】focusing 【小题9】in 【小题10】beauty 三、阅读理解 Back to nature Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau were both poets, but one lived in Ancient China and the other in 19th century America. Superficially, these two men, whose lives were separated in time by nearly 1,500 years, were polar opposites. And yet they shared an intense respect for nature, which made them each an influential figure of their time. Both men made dramatic transformations to their lives in order to reconnect with nature. As an official in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tao felt conflicted over life at court. In 405, he quit the service of the court for good, expressing his unhappiness in the now famous line that he would not “bow like a servant in return for five dou of grain”. He spent the next 22 years until his death, working the land in a poor, rural area. From his poetry, we can learn that although his life was arduous, he succeeded in finding contentment in its simplicity and in drawing pleasure from nature. While Tao’s return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to, Thoreau’s was a personal decision to transform the way he lived. He had a decent quality of life, but he wanted to live in a simpler way. For two years, two months and two days, he lived in a cottage in the forest on the edge of Walden Pond, focusing on himself and his writing. He explained his reason for doing so in Walden: “I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life.”Both men were happy to withdraw from contemporary life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of their lives. Although Tao and Thoreau do not treat nature in quite the same way, their works show its beauty and value. Tao’s nature is a place of fields and villages, in other words, rural, and his animals are domestic ones, such as chickens and dogs.The calm and peaceful life he wrote about is in contrast to and critical of the depressive court life: Beyond the dark and distance lies a village, The smoke above reluctant to depart. A dog is barking somewhere down the lane, And chickens sit atop the mulberry tree Thoreau’s descriptions of nature emphasised the beauty and purity of the wild areas around him. Devoting himself to observations of the natural phenomena, he recorded his detailed findings in his journals. Thoreau’s writing aimed to convince people that animals and plants had a right to live and prosper, as we do. We should live with them in harmony and enjoy nature’s gifts, as he describes in his journals: Live in each season as it passes; breathe the air, drink the drink, taste the fruit, and resign yourself to the influences of each. Let them be your only diet, drink and botanical medicines. It takes considerable courage to reject the easy and familiar and instead try to live closer to nature, as both Tao and Thoreau did. Their choices led them to quiet and reflective lives with fewer material desires. In today’s modern world, their ideas about living simply and being at ease with nature may take us a step closer to attaining personal well-being and fulfillment. 1. Scan the text and find out the main idea of the text. The passage is mainly about ________________________________________________. 2. Why did Tao Yuanming quit the service of the court? A．He was paid only five dou of grain. B．He was tired of the conflict over life at court. C．He could live a decent life in the rural area. D．He was forced to do this by his superior. 3. What did Thoreau aim to persuade people in his works? A．Humans should respect animals and plants. B．It's right for humans to live on animals and plants. C．Humans should live like animals and plants. D．Animals and plants are gifts of humans. 4. How can we benefit from their ideas about nature? A．Making us pursue more natural desires. B．Promoting our awareness of a reflective life. C．Providing us a chance to be at ease with nature. D．Helping us find personal happiness easily. 5. How does the author develop the passage? A．By describing. B．By quoting. C．By comparing. D．By reasoning. 【答案】 【小题1】Tao Yuanming and Thoreau were both fond of seeking harmony in nature in their quiet life 【小题2】B 【小题3】A 【小题4】D 【小题5】C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过比较中国古代诗人陶渊明和19世纪美国作家亨利戴维：/梭罗的生平和思想，探讨他们对自然的共同热爱及其对现代生活的启示。 【小题1】主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是第一段的句子"Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau were both poets, but one lived in Ancient China and the other in 19th century America. Superficially, these two men, whose lives were separated in time by nearly 1,500 years, were polar opposites. And yet they shared an intense respect for nature, which made them each an influential figure of their time.（陶渊明和亨利-大卫：梭罗都是诗人，但一个生活在古代中国，另一个生活在19世纪的美国。从表面上看，这两个人是截然相反的，他 们的生活在时间上相隔了近1500年。然而，他们都非常尊重自然，这使他们各自成为那个时代有影响力的人物。）”、第二段的句子“Both men made dramatic transformations to their lives in order to reconnect with nature. （为了与大自然重新建立联系，两人都对自己的生活 进行了戏剧性的改变。）”和最后一段的句子"It takes considerable courage to reject the easy and familiar and instead try to live closer to nature, as both Tao and Thoreau did. Their choices led them to quiet and reflective lives with fewer material desires.（拒绝安逸熟 悉的生活而选择亲近自然，正如陶渊明与梭罗所为，实需非凡勇气。他们的选择使其过上清静自省、物欲淡泊的生活。）”可知，文章主要讲述陶渊明和亨利戴维：/梭罗这两位诗人尽管生活在不同时代，但都对自然有着深厚的情感，并通过回归自然的方式影响了他们的时代。故答案为Tao Yuanming and Thoreau were both fond of seeking harmony in nature in their quiet life. 【小题2】细节理解题。根据文章第二段的句子"As an official in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tao felt conflicted over life at court. In 405, he quit the service of the court for good, expressing his unhappiness in the now famous line that he would not “bow like a servant in return for five dou of grain.（东晋官员陶渊明曾深陷仕途矛盾。公元405年，他最终辞官归隐，并借“不为五斗米折腰〞这—千古名句，明志拒为俸禄卑躬屈膝。）〞可知，陶渊明是因为厌倦了朝廷生活的矛盾和冲突而辞官。故选B项。 【小题3】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段的句子"Thoreau’s writing aimed to convince people that animals and plants had a right to live and prosper, as we do. （梭罗的作品旨在让人们相信，动物和植物都有生存和繁荣的权利，就像我们一样。）”可知，梭罗的作品旨在说服人们尊重动植物的权利，与它们和谐相处。故选A项。 【小题4】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的句子"In today’s modern world, their ideas about living simply and being at ease with nature may take us a step closer to attaining personal well-being and fulfillment.（在当今的现代社会，他们关于简单生活和与自然相处的 根法可能会让我们更接近个人的幸福和满足。）”可知，他们的关于自然的理念可以帮助我们更接近自然，从而获得个人的幸福和满足感。故选D项。 【小题5】推理判断题。文章通过对比陶渊明和梭罗的生活方式、对自然的态度以及他们的作品来展开论述。作者在文中多次提到两者的相似点 和不同点，如第二段的句子"Both men made dramatic transformations to their lives in order to reconnect with nature. （为了与大自然 重新建立联系，两人都对自己的生活进行了戏剧性的改变。）”和第四段的句子“Although Tao and Thoreau do not treat nature in quite the same way, their works show its beauty and value. （虽然陶和梭罗对待自然的方式并不完全相同，但他们的作品显示了自然的美和价值。）”。故选C项。 一、阅读理解 A Population data for European mountain birds have been for the first time combined in a recent study, with worrying results: the abundances of mountain-specialist birds has declined by as much as 10% in the 2000s. Ecological communities in mountain areas include species not found in any other habitats. These species are also very susceptible to climate change, as global warming is reducing their liveable habitats. In principle, species may relocate further up the mountains, but closer to the top their habitat inevitably shrinks. According to the new article, the abundance of European mountain birds has in fact declined in line with climate change projections. The recently released study examined the population trends of 44 bird species in the 2000s in the mountain and fell regions of Fennoscandia, Great Britain, the Alps and the Iberian Peninsula. A decline was seen in 14 of the observed species, while eight of them saw significant increase. “On average, population decline among the species studied was 7% over the 13-year research period, making the situation of mountain birds distinctly worse compared to, for example, European forest birds, whose numbers did not change during the same period,” explains Aleksi Lehikoinen, an Academy of Finland research fellow at the Finnish Museum of Natural History Luomus (part of the University of Helsinki), who headed the study. The situation is the direst for species that only inhabit mountain regions and are unable to live in other European environments. For these species, known as mountain specialists, the numbers dwindled by as much as 10% during the monitoring period. 1. What can we get from the passage about European mountain birds? A．They are newly found species. B．They can be found at any place of the world. C．The number of the birds has decreased greatly. D．The number of the birds has increased greatly. 2. Why did the liveable habitats of the species reduce? A．Air pollutions. B．Global warming. C．Human activities. D．Competition with other species. 3. Which one is TRUE according to a recently released study? A．All 44 bird species decreased. B．Only 8 of the species declined. C．14 of the observed species declined. D．There was no change in the number of the bird species. 4. What does the word “direst” mean in the last paragraph? A．Serious. B．Useful. C．Suitable. D．Waterless. 【答案】 【小题1】C 【小题2】B 【小题3】C 【小题4】A 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是最近的研究表明，在21世纪初山地鸟类的数量减少了10%，以及減少的原因。 【小题1】细节理解题。根据第一段“Population data for European mountain birds have been combined for the first time in a recent study, with worrying results: the abundances of mountain-specialist birds has declined by as much as 10% in the 2000s. （最近的一项研究首次将欧洲山地鸟类的种群数据结合在一起，结果令人担忧：2000年代，山地鸟类的数量下降了10%）"和最后一段的" The situation is the direst for species that only inhabit mountain regions and are unable to live in other European environments. For these species, known as mountain specialists,the numbers dwindled by as much as 10% during the monitoring period.（对于那些只生活在山区，无法 在其他欧洲环境中生活的物种来说，这种情况是最可怕的。在监测期间，这些被称为山地专家的物种的数量减少了10%之多。）”可知，欧洲山鸟的数量大大減少了。故选C。 【小题2】细节理解题。根据第二段的"These species are also very susceptible to climate change, as global warming is reducing their liveable habitats.（这些物种也很容易受到气候变化的影响，因为全球变暖正在减少它们的宜居栖息地。）”可知，该物种的宜居栖息地減少了是因为全球变暖。故选B。 【小题3】细节理解题。根据第四段的〝 A decline was seen in 14 of the observed species, while eight of them saw significant increase.（在观察到的物种中，有14个物种数量下降，而其中8个物种数量显著增加。）”可知，观察到的物种中有14种数量下降。故选C。 【小题4】词句猜测题。根据最后一段的“For these species, known as mountain specialists, the numbers dwindled by as much as 10% during the monitoring period.（在监测期间，这些被称为山地专家的物种的数量减少了10%之多。）可知，情况对于这种物种很严重，由此猜测划线词direst的意思是“严重的〞，和serious意思相近，故选A。 B Istanbul citizens have a new way to pay for rides on public transport. You might expect this payment method would have something to do with a smart phone app, but you’d be wrong. Some of Istanbul’s train stations now have vending machines that offer fare credit in exchange for recycling plastic bottles or cans. To take advantage of this unusual offer, riders need a stored-value transit card (储值公交卡). Since these cards offer discounted fares, almost all riders have them. Passengers can drop their plastic bottles into a machine of this kind, which will give a value to the recycled materials based on their structures and sizes. This vending machine then adds that value to the recycler’s card. After that, the machine cuts the bottles or cans into pieces to prepare them for processing. Can you pay for your ride with nothing but cans and bottles? It’s possible. According to The New York Times, you’d need more than two dozen standard-size plastic bottles to earn a free trip, so most recycling efforts lead to a discounted fare instead of a free trip. The first recycling machines were fixed at the ITU-Ayazaga subway station. The city plans to introduce at least 100 more machines in stations and other public places like schools in the near future, according to Lonely Planet. Though the transit cards, called Istanbul Cards, are for subways, you can also use them on other forms of public transport like buses. Turkey produces the most waste of any European country after Germany and France. Unlike these two countries, recycling is very limited in Turkey. The vending machines are one way that the city plans to encourage recycling. Istanbul’s high technology efforts are the latest in what seems to be becoming a trend. 5. Why are stored-value transit cards popular with Istanbul citizens? A．They make it convenient to pay their daily fees. B．They make it cheaper to travel by local public transport. C．They help worldwide people to protect the environment. D．They help the citizens use vending machines more easily. 6. Where can you find the information that best supports “the machines have a great future”? A．In Paragraph 1. B．In Paragraph 2. C．In Paragraphs 3 and 4. D．In Paragraphs 4 and 5. 7. What can we learn about Turkey? A．It should take more recycling measures against waste. B．Its waste production ranks No. 1 worldwide. C．Its recycling machines are everywhere. D．It doesn’t recycle its waste at all. 8. What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Istanbul Needs More Recycling Machines B．Environmental Issues Are Serious in Istanbul C．Recycling for Fares Program Lets You Ride for Free D．Your Recyclables Can Reduce Your Subway Fare Here 【答案】 【小题5】B 【小题6】D 【小题7】A 【小题8】D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述伊斯坦布尔采用了一种高科技，它能使市民用可回收物品在自动售卖机上获取抵扣地铁票价。 【小题5】细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “To take advantage of this unusual offer, riders need a stored-value transit card. Since thesecards offer discounted fares, almost all riders have them.（为了利用这个不同寻常的供应，乘客们需要一张储值公交卡。因为这种卡提供打折的车票，几乎所有乘客都有）”可知，储值公交卡在伊斯坦布尔流行的原因是它可以使乘坐当地的公共交通工具更便宜。故选B。 【小题6】推理判断题。根据第四段中的 "The city plans to introduce at least 100 more machines in stations and other public placeslike schools in the near future（该市计划在不久的将来在车站和学校等其他公共场所引入至少100台机器）”及第五段中的"The vendingmachines are one way that the city plans to encourage recycling. Istanbul' s high technology efforts are the latest in what seems tobe becoming a trend.（自动贩卖机是该市计划鼓励回收利用的一种方式。伊斯坦布尔的高科技努力是最新的，这似乎成为了一种）”可推断，这两段最能说明这种回收废弃物的机器的前景会很好。故选D。 【小题7】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的 “Turkey produces the most waste of any European country after Germany and France. Unlike these two countries, recycling is very limited in Turkey.（土耳其是继德国和法国之后产生垃圾最多的欧洲国家。不像这两个国家，在土耳其，回收再利用是非常有限的）”可知，土耳其应该采取更多的回收利用措施来处理废弃物。故选A。 【小题8】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Some of Istanbul’s train stations now have vending machines that offer fare credit in exchange for recycling plastic bottles or cans.（一些伊斯坦布尔的火车站现在有自动售卖机可以提供车票来换取可回收的塑料瓶或罐子）”可知，本文旨在说明：在伊斯坦布尔，你的可回收物品可以降低你的地铁票价。故选D。 C Some people usually say that the joy of giving is the joy of living. Tony March’s story shows how someone who has enthusiasm for philanthropy(乐善好施) can live joyously by doing what he loves: Helping the less fortunate to achieve lives of self-sufficiency(自给自足) and dignity. Tony March is a man who rose from great poorness to extreme wealth, while, at the same time, generously giving his wealth and his time to improve the situation of those who struggled to survive in the world in which he was raised. At a time when human kindness and sympathy seem to be on the endangered behavior list, it is exhilarating to learn of a man like Tony and be reminded that caring individuals still exist, that the human spirit, firmly focused, can achieve wonders, and that one person’s desire to improve the human condition can have such a strong influence on improving the quality of life for tens of thousands of people. Tony grew up without a father and was regularly beaten by an unloving mother, moving 17 times before he turned 10. He was always laughed at and had to help feed his family by working at a grocery store. Through all the mental and physical abuse, Tony didn’t give up and used education to break the poorness cycle and became the owner of 21 auto dealerships. “It is education that brings success to me,” he said. When the Director of Metropolitan Ministries (a homeless shelfter) found out about Tony, he suggested that Mr. March “go public” with his story so that others, inspired by what he had done, would be more willing to give their talent, time and money to help the less fortunate as well. It was a persuasive argument that Tony finally accepted. His book, Paying It Backward, will be published soon. Paying It Backward reminds us that one can live joyously by giving joyously and we all can do a part to help the less fortunate by giving our time, talent, and money for charitable causes. 9. What does the underlined word “exhilarating”mean? A．Worrying B．Disappointing C．Puzzling D．Exciting 10. According to Para. 3, we can know that ___________. A．Tony March’s parents loved him very much B．education influenced Tony March very much C．Tony March lived in the shelters until he was 10 D．Tony March’s mother forced him to work in a grocery store 11. Why did Tony agree to write a book about himself? A．He wanted to make himself known to everyone B．He wanted to sell his book to earn money. C．He wanted more people to do good deeds. D．He wanted more people to read more books. 12. What could be the best title for the passage? A．Giving Back to Society Is Joyful B．The Joy of Giving Is the Joy of Living C．Living Joyfully Can Make a Big Difference D．Giving Our Time And Money Is Important 【答案】 【小题9】D 【小题10】B 【小题11】C 【小题12】B 【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者用乐善好施的托尼：马奇的故事告诉我们给予的快乐就是生活的快乐，一个人做好事能带动许多人做好事，而改变一个社会。 【小题9】词义猜测题。根据划线词上文“At a time when human kindness and sympathy seem to be on the endangered behavior list，以及下文"a man like Tony and be reminded that caring individuals still exist, that the human spirit, firmly focused, can achieve wonders”可知，当人类的善良和同情似乎被列入濒危行为清单的时候，托尼却用实际行动提醒着我们有爱心的人仍然存在，人类精神，只要坚定地专注，就能创造奇迹，这自然是“令人振奋的”事情，故划线词和“exciting〞意思接近。故选D项。 【小题10】细节理解题。根据第三段" Through all the mental and physical abuse, Tony didn't give up and used education to break the poorness cycle and became the owner of 21 auto dealerships. "It is education that brings success to me," he said. (尽管遭受精神和身体上的虐待，托尼没有放弃，而是利用教育打破了贫困的循环，成为了21家汽车经销商的老板。“是教育给我带来了成功，“他说。）可知，教育对托尼的影响很大。故选B项。 【小题11】细节理解题。根据第四段“When the Director of Metropolitan Ministries found out about Tony, he suggested that Mr.. March 'go public' with his story so that others, inspired by what he had done, would be more willing to give their talent, time and money to help the less fortunate as well. It was a persuasive argument that Tony finally accepted." (当一个流浪者收容所的负责人发现了托尼的事迹后，建议他将自己的故事“公诸于众"，这样其他人受到他事迹的鼓舞，也会更愿意献出他们的才华、时间和金 钱去帮助那些不幸的人。托尼最终接受了这个有说服力的说法。）可知，托尼最终同意写一本关于他的书是因为他想鼓励更多的人做好事。故选C项。 【小题12】主旨大意题。文章开篇点题，根据第一段“Some people usually say that the joy of giving is the joy of living."可知，有些人常 说给予的快乐就是生活的快乐；下文用托尼的具体事例表明帮助别人能够使得更多的人快乐地生活；最后一段进行总结： one can live joyously by giving joyously（一个人可以通过快乐地给予而快乐地生活）。故B选项"The Joy of Giving is the Joy of Living”（给予的快乐就是生活的快乐）最适合作文章标题。故选B项 二、思维提升-观点分享 Discuss the different attitudes towards nature and what kind of life we should choose. 1. Compare two lifestyles: one is living close to nature, the other is living a modern city life. 2. Prepare a short presentation to express your opinion and then practise with your partner. 【答案】 Example ideas Life close to nature simple life / fewer material desires / live in harmony with nature / enjoy peace and quiet / be inspired by nature Modern city life convenient / fast-paced / more opportunities / depend on technology / sometimes stressful Presentation（示例表达） People have different attitudes towards nature. Some people choose to live close to nature and enjoy a simple and peaceful life. Others prefer modern city life because it is more convenient and full of opportunities. In my opinion, we should learn from both. We can enjoy the advantages of modern life while staying close to nature and protecting the environment. 三、思维提升-书面表达 （注意说明：本作业二选一，为分层作业，难度有所区别。基础一般的同学可以选择作业1，基础较好的同学可以选择作业2。） 二选一 一、基础任务 请根据本单元“Learning from nature”主题，完成一段简短表达。 内容提示： 1. 人类可以从自然中学到什么 2. 举一个简单例子（如动物、植物或自然现象） 3. 表达你的看法 要求：写4—5句话，内容连贯。 二、拓展任务 假如你叫李明，应美国笔友John的请求，给他发一封邮件简要介绍北京。信中至少包括以下要点： 1.概况：北京，中国的首都，位于我国北部，是一个古老而美丽的城市，古建筑和现代风格的建筑和谐相映，它是中国的政治和文化中心； 2.著名景点：长城、水立方、天安门等； 3.文化：京剧，被称为中国国粹； 4.特色美食：北京烤鸭。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：和谐相映harmoniously blend 中国国粹quintessence of China ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1.【参考答案】 People can learn a lot from nature. For example, birds can inspire humans to design airplanes. By observing how they fly, people improve technology. Nature teaches us how to solve problems in a simple way. I think we should learn from nature and live in harmony with it. 2.【参考答案】 One possible version: Dear John, I am glad to tell you something about Beijing. Beijing, the capital of China, is an ancient and beautiful city, which lies in the northern part of the country. Various buildings of both ancient and modern styles are harmoniously blended. It is the political and cultural center of China. Beijing has many places of interest, among which are the Great Wall that has been added to the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage list, the Water Cube and Tian' anmen Square. Regarding culture, Peking Opera is regarded as the quintessence of China. You shouldn' t miss it if you come here. When you stay in Beijing, one of the most unforgettable experiences is to taste the Beijing Roast Duck. It is very delicious and I enjoy it very much. Welcome to Beijing! Best wishes! 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $