精品解析：上海市金山中学2025学年度第二学期高二年级英语学科素养检测1试卷

金山中学2025学年度第二学期高二年级英语学科素养检测1 （时间120分钟 满分150分） Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension 共25分 Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. She is younger than her sister. B. She no longer looks like her sister. C. She does not get along well with her sister. D. She does not spend much time with her kids. 2. A. Inquire about a job. B. Withdraw some cash. C. Spend her extra money on books. D. Find out when the bookstore opens. 3. A. Paper plates are cheaper than dishes. B. The woman’s roommate will return soon. C. There is no need to wash any dishes now. D. Dishes break more easily than paper plates. 4. A. The report was finished last Friday. B. He will meet the woman briefly on Friday. C. The report will not be ready until Thursday. D. He would like the woman to reschedule the meeting. 5. A. She has not applied to any universities yet. B. She will begin university classes in a few weeks. C. She is too busy to contact the university right now. D. She does not know yet if a university will accept her. 6. A. Cancel their trip. B. Ask for directions. C. Go back for the map. D. Try a different route to the beach. 7. A. Lower the student’s grade. B. Reconsider his position later. C. Contact the student’s surgeon. D. Allow the student to miss class. 8. A. She has to quit her job in the laboratory. B. She enjoys doing laboratory experiments. C. She cut herself while working in the laboratory. D. She feels that the man is dedicated to his work too. 9. A. He is planning to work during spring break. B. He does not have enough money for the trip yet. C. The trip is too far off in the future to think about. D. He has changed his mind about going to Canada. 10. A. He did not know what time he was supposed to arrive. B He will be happy to share their dessert. C. He expected the traffic to be bad. D. He is not upset that they ate lunch. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear several passages and longer conversations. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversations will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Question 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. It takes several years to learn. B. It requires no previous experience. C. It requires no patience and practice. D. It takes quite a lot of money to learn. 12. A. It is time-consuming. B. It is complicated. C. It is absorbing. D. It is shameful. 13. A. They have devoted much time to it. B. They feel proud of their own ability. C. They can wear them for a longer time. D. They have bought the materials locally. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Scottish soil has been found similar to that on Mars. B. Mars has long been considered a place rich in minerals. C. It’s fun to build connections between Mars and Scotland. D. The Curiosity Rover has made a new discovery about Mars. 15.A. 1,500. B. 6. C. 2012. D. 30. 16. A. It can enrich the Scottish soil database. B. It can locate where there are basaltic rocks. C. It can help us have a better knowledge of Mars. D. It can provide us with the opportunity to understand Scotland. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. She will be able to join the economics seminar. B. She has a new printer for her computer. C She finished paying back her loan. D. She got an A on her term paper. 18. A. The importance of paying back loans as soon as possible. B. A way to help people improve their economic conditions. C. Using computers to increase business efficiency. D. The expansion of international business. 19. A. It is the topic of his term paper. B. He would like to find a job there. C. His economics professor did research work there. D. Micro credit programs have been very successful there. 20. A. Cancel her credit card. B. Sign up for the economics class. C. Do research on banks in Asia. D. Type the man’s term paper. Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary（共30分，每小题1.5分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. It can take a little imagination to see how some innovations might change an economy. Not so with the latest Al tools. It is easy — from a writer’s perspective, uncomfortably so — ____1____(think) of contexts in which something like ChatGPT, a clever chatbot which____2____(take) the web by storm since its release in November 2022, could either dramatically boost a human worker’s productivity or replace them outright. The ChatGPT in its name stands for “generative pre-trained transformer”, ____3____ is a particular kind of language model. ____4____(feed) huge amounts of human-created text, ChatGPT looks for statistical regularities in this data, learns what words and phrases ____5____(associate)with others and therefore predict what words should come next in any given sentence and ____6____ sentences fit together. The result is a machine that can persuasively mimic (模仿) human language. This capacity ____7____ mimicry allows ChatGPT to write essays and poetry, think up jokes, formulate code, and answer questions whether to a child or an expert. Its performance is so astonishing ____8____ many over the past months have been both celebrating and panicking. “Essays are dead,” wrote the cognitive scientist Tim Kietzmann. Others claim that it will finish off Google as a search engine. And the program ____9____ thinks it may be able to replace humans in jobs from insurance agent to court reporter. Nevertheless, there is an _____10_____(underlie) problem that faces any form of artificial intelligence. A computer manipulates (处理) symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules with which to transform one string of symbols into another, or to recognize statistical patterns. But it does not specify what those symbols or patterns mean. To a computer, meaning is irrelevant ChatGPT ”knows" what appears meaningful to humans, but not what is meaningful to itself Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. fuels B. ethnic C. interconnected D. channeled E. outcomes F. influenced G. moral H. united I. extended J. scientifically K. difference Control the Use of Science A recent study, while showing a generally positive attitude toward science, also suggests a widespread worry that it may be “running out of control”. This idea is dangerous. Science can be a force for evil as well as for good. Its applications can be ____11____ either way, depending on our decisions. The decisions we make, personally or collectively, will determine the ____12____ of science. But here is a real danger. Science is advancing so fast and is so strongly ____13____ by businesses that we are likely to believe whatever decisions we come to will make little ____14____. And, rather than fighting for the best possible policies, we may step back and do nothing. Some people go even further. They say that despite the moral and legal objections, whatever is ____15____ possible will be done — somewhere, sometime. They believe that science will get out of control in the end. This belief is dangerous too, because it ____16____ a sense of hopelessness and discourages them from making efforts to build a safer world. In our ____17____ world, the lack of agreement in and out of the world of science can lead to the failure to control the use of science. Without a common understanding, the challenges of “controlling” science in this century will be really tough. Take human cloning for example. Despite the general agreement among scientists on its possibly huge impact on traditional ____18____ values, some countries still go ahead with the research and development of its related techniques. The outcomes are hard to predict. Therefore, discussions on how science is applied should be ____19____ far beyond scientific societies. Only through the ____20____ efforts of people with hope, can we be fully safe against the misuse of science and can science best serve mankind in the future. Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension（共45分；41-55，每题1分；56-70，每题2分） Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Relax Under Pressure Are you sitting cross-legged right now as you read this? Were you aware of the fact that your sitting position can ____21____ impact your body, especially if you sit with your legs crossed at the knee? ____22____, humans lead a largely sedentary (久坐不动的) lifestyle. Adults spend an average of 7.7 hours a day sitting, according to a survey. Such a lifestyle can ____23____ the risk of various diseases, ranging from diabetes (糖尿病) to cardiovascular (心血管的) disease. People sit with their legs crossed at the knee for both psychological and physiological reasons. It’s a ____24____ behavior that changes into a habit, although the act of crossing one’s legs can be seen as a power move in certain settings, such as business or politics. Depending on the ____25____, sitting cross-legged can mean a person is either relaxed or defensive. Body language experts note that if you see someone sitting this way in a meeting, it may indicate they have emotionally stopped ____26____ the conversation. They tend to ____27____ fewer details of what was discussed. You may also find it more ____28____ to persuade them to accept your point of view. Dr. Steven Weiniger, a posture expert, explains that many people sit cross-legged to ease the pressure on their lower backs. What they don’t realize, however, is that ____29____ to ease the pressure on one part of the body can add pressure to other parts. A 2014 study found that sitting with crossed legs for three or more hours per day can cause pelvic tilt (骨盆倾斜). This means that one hip (臀部) will be higher than the other. This position ____30____ your gluteus medius, one of the muscles that is located on the side of your hip. When that muscle loses power, it can allow your pelvis to shift out of ____31____. The 2014 study also noted that the lower back bend caused by crossing your legs for three or more hours at a time can ____32____ the position of your head, causing you to push it farther forward. This position can lead to neck pain and general muscle ____33____. Crossing your legs can also cause spinal (脊椎的) problems. If you hold this position ____34____, it can actually lead to scoliosis in which case your spine curves (弯曲) sideways. This can lead to pain, as well as muscle and joint issues. Dr. Naresh Rao of N.Y.U.’s Langone Medical Center suggests not sitting cross-legged “for longer than you need to drink a cup of coffee.” In fact, not only should sitting cross-legged be ____35____, but prolonged sitting in general should be as well. 21. A. actively B. negatively C. positively D. rarely 22. A. As a result B. By the way C. In a sense D. On the whole 23. A. decrease B. diagnose C. expose D. increase 24 A. foreign B. learned C. native D. recommended 25. A. context B. glance C. occupation D. race 26. A. giving way to B. having pity on C. making use of D. taking part in 27. A. file B. lose C. neglect D. remember 28. A. difficult B. effortless C. necessary D. worthy 29. A. attempts B. contests C. doubts D. requests 30. A. deepens B. lengthens C. strengthens D. weakens 31. A. control B. order C. place D. trouble 32. A. affect B. fasten C. improve D. remain 33. A. differences B. existences C. imbalances D. resistances 34. A. accidentally B. basically C. habitually D. originally 35. A. done harm to B. kept track of C. paid attention to D. taken charge of Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) My husband became very ill, leaving me to do everything in our home. By night time, I felt as if I was moving in slow motion. One such evening, I noticed that my Bluebird diamond wedding ring — which I had worn for more than half a century — was missing. I was devastated. I looked everywhere. No luck. My family told me to retrace my steps. That would be a task, for that day I had closed a bank account, taken my car in to get it fixed, and gone for an eye exam. I sat, feeling numb. My mind wandered back in time to when I had caught my first glimpse of the man I married. I was five and often tagged along with my dad. That particular day, we came upon a large herd of Black Angus cattle being driven near the roadside. I was looking at the youngest rider. He seemed to be about nine years old. I waved to him, but he just tended to the cattle. Perhaps he was shy. Next my memory travelled to my senior year in high school. It was on such a day that a black hardtop car went by real slow. A passenger yelled, “Girls, do you want to ride around with us?” Among the people in the car was the young cowboy who hadn’t responded to my wave 13 years before! But he wasn’t ignoring me now. So, our love affair began. He offered the ring a few months later. The daydream passed. My daughter Jan called. “Mum, you should shop for a new ring. Where do you want to go?” she asked. “A pawn shop (当铺),” I said. At the shop, we found five jewelry cases to look through. One was too big, another too small, and the third too expensive. So we continued to the next case. As I slipped it on my finger, I shouted, “Here’s my lost ring! See how it just fits.” Everyone in the store turned to the young man helping us. He got a magnifying glass out and said, “It is a Bluebird.” The police got involved. Weeks later, I got a call from an officer who told me that a girl had found it in the mall parking lot. I’m still in awe that I found my ring. How did I know to go to that pawn shop? Was it intuition? The work of angels? Just curiosity? I’m not sure I’ll ever know. But I did learn that sometimes things are gone for a while before they reappear to be claimed. Just like my man. And just like my ring. 36. What was everyday life like for the writer when the story happened? A. Hopeless. B. Exhausting. C. Romantic. D. Luxurious. 37. Why did the writer describe her encounters with her husband? A. To explain how and why she married him. B. To suggest love affairs in school aren’t necessarily bad. C. To show a similarity between him and the ring. D. To contrast early romance with her current misery. 38. Which of the following did the writer think helped her ultimately? A. A young man and a girl. B. Her own instinct to go to a pawn shop. C. Something she was not definite about. D. Some unknown angels sent by God. 39. What serves as the best title of the story? A. Lost and Found B. Miracles Do Happen C. Happily Ever After D. Once Lost, Twice Shy (B) Of Special Interest to Freshman Freshman Seminars are small classes just for freshmen, with some of York’s most distinguished faculty members. Some seminars provide an introduction to a particular field of study; others take an interdisciplinary (跨学科的) approach to a variety of topics. All seminars provided a friendly environment for developing relationships with faculty members and peers. STARS (Science, Technology, and Research Scholars) provides undergraduates of every year with an opportunity to combine research, course-based study, and development of mentorship skills. The program offers research opportunities and support to students historically underrepresented in the fields of natural science and quantitative reasoning, such as racial and ethnic minorities, women, and the physically challenged. More than 100 students each year participate in STARS, during the academic year or over the summer months. Directed Studies is a selective freshman interdisciplinary program focusing on Western civilization that includes three yearlong courses —literature, philosophy, and historical and political thought — in which students read the foundational works of the Western tradition. Perspectives on Science and Engineering is a lecture and discussion course for about 75 selected freshmen who have exceptionally strong backgrounds in science or mathematics. The yearlong course explores a broad range of topics, exposes students to questions at the frontiers of science, and connects the first-year students to York’s Scientific community. Academic Advising is a collective effort by the residential colleges, academic departments and various offices connected to York University Dean’s office. Students’ primary academic advisors are their residential college deans, to whom they may always turn for academic and personal advice. The deans live in residential colleges and supervise the advising networks in the college. Students also have a freshman advisor who is a York faculty member or administrator affiliated with their advisees’ residential college. Each academic department has a director of undergraduate studies (DUS) who can discuss with students the department’s course offerings and requirements for majors. Science and Engineering Undergraduate Research York is one of the world’s foremost research universities. Independent engineering research and design projects and scientific research are an essential part of undergraduate science education at York. Science students can begin conducting original research as early as the freshman year. Ninety-five percent of undergraduate science majors engaged in research with faculty mentors. 40. An African female freshman seeking opportunities of research is most likely to choose _____. A. Freshman Seminars B. Directed Studies C. STARS D. Perspectives on Science and Engineering 41. In which program may the science majors be guided to read Shakespeare’s works? A. Academic Advising. B. Directed Studies. C. STARS. D. Freshman Seminars. 42. Which freshman may have priority to attend Perspectives on Science and Engineering? A. The one who has already got a novel published. B. A medalist of the International Mathematical Olympiad. C. The one who has designed an original engineering project. D. An applicant for York’s Scientific Community. (C) While more and more scientists are working on nonfiction science books for the general reader, I think we also need a change. The typical expert-voiced monologues (独白) that scientists write are a wonderful component of the engagement effort, but the form is limited. Such books are largely ready people already willing to pick up a science book, or who are open to the authoritative academic’s voice telling them how to think. There are plenty of people who can engage with science but who find those kinds of books a sometimes unwelcome reminder of the classroom. Following from my belief that science is for everyone, I suggest that publishers need to work with scientists to expand the kinds of books on offer, assured that there is an audience for them. Progress is possible. Many years ago, I realized it is hard to find books on the nonfiction science shelf that let readers see themselves as part of the conversation about science. So I thought about an entire book of conversations about science taking place between ordinary people. While “overhearing” those conversations, readers learn some science ideas. It’s a resurrection of the dialogue form, known to the ancient Greeks, and to Galileo, as a device for exchanging ideas, but with contemporary settings: cafes, restaurants, trains and so on. I decided it would be engaging for the reader to actually see who’s having those conversations, and where, instead of describing them in words. This led me to realize that I was thinking about a powerful form of visual storytelling: Graphic novels for adults have matured and exploded in popularity in recent years. Spiegelman’s “Maus: A Survivor’s Tale” and Bechdel’s “Fun Home” are just two well-known examples. But the storytelling tools of the graphic book have been little used to convey nonfiction science ideas to a general adult audience. The vast majority of contemporary graphic books with a science focus are presented instead as “explainer/adventure comics” for younger audiences. This is an important genre, but graphic books about science should not be limited to that. And while there are several excellent graphic books for adults that include science, they typically focus instead on the lives of famous scientists, with discussion of the science itself as a secondary goal. Some excellent recent examples that balance the two aspects well include Ottaviani arid Myrick’s “Feyrunan” and Doxiadis and Papadimitriou’s “Logicomix”. The scarcity of science-focused non-biographical (非自传体的) graphic books for adults is especially true in my field of physics. So I decided that here was an opportunity to broaden the kinds of nonfiction science book available to engage the public. 43. It can be inferred from Para.2 that the expert-voiced monologues don’t appeal to _________. A. those who are interested in scientific ideas B. those who have no talents for scientific research C. those who would like to know how scientists think D. those who think science classes in school are uninteresting 44. The word “resurrection” (in paragraph 3) most probably means _________. A. announcement B. comeback C. explanation D. representation 45. According to the writer, which might be the best form of nonfiction science books for general readers? A. A collection of scientists’ life stories. B. A book written by a Nobel Prize winner. C. An adventure novel focusing on science. D. A comic book conveying scientific ideas. 46. What is passage mainly about? A. A well-known writer who writes to promote science among the public. B. A possible way to get nonfiction science books to appeal to the public. C. A new approach to have the public get interested in new scientific ideas. D. An easy access for the public to have a general idea of what science is. Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. If you like filling up your Wechat Moments with selfies, you might want to change the habit now. A new study suggests that you are probably not as beautiful as you think you are, and posting your face all over the Internet isn’t giving the world the best impression. The study was conducted by researchers from the University of Toronto. The scientists gathered 198 college students. One hundred of these students were selfie-lovers, while the other 98 were non-selfie-takers. These students were asked to take a selfie fit for social media. ____47____ As a result, each participant had a selfie and a standard picture. With these pictures in hand, the students rated how attractive they thought other people would find them. ____48____ The result: Both selfie-lovers and non-selfie-takers thought they would be seen as more attractive in their photos than they were seen by the outside group. Besides, the researcher suggests that not only do people think they are hotter than they actually are, but taking selfies also greatly decreases people’s opinions of you. Then, why do so many people like taking selfies? It comes down to a well-known psychological phenomenon called “self-favouring bias”, which states that “people tend to think they are better than others. ____49____” When taking selfies, people almost all possible control because they can adjust the angle of the shot, the filter (滤镜), when they post them to social media and every other aspect. The study suggests that this causes people to have a more narcissistic personality. ____50____ Last year, researchers from Ohio State University said that male selfie-lovers tend to show signs of mental disorder. Maybe it’s time to cool the craze down. After all, your WeChat friends probably know what your face looks like. There is no need to remind them dozens of times a day. A. The researchers then had a group of 178 outside observers rate the photos for attractiveness. B. The study isn’t the first one to focus on the negative sides of the selfie craze. C. It also puts them in control of their own image. D. They were also photographed by the researchers. E. This isn’t news, but those feelings are greatly strengthened when people take selfies. F. They refused to define themselves as narcissistic (自恋的). 71. Ⅳ. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words asfar as possible. How to Be a Successful Team Leader? Every well-organized team needs to have an outstanding leader with specific skills. Sometimes the leader’s abilities can come to affect the whole team. Although we students are still young it’s never too early to cultivate leadership skills. A team consists of both leaders and followers. Neither side can exist and work effectively without the other. What is essential to the role of leader is the ability to unite the whole team. A great leader enables their team to achieve a common goal through the giving of clear directions and support. Meanwhile, everyone on a team also desires personal success, so a balance can be hard to strike. If a leader doesn’t have fierce determination, the followers will lose their confidence and things will not be done well. What’s more, a successful and charming leader ought to be able to handle interpersonal relationships well. They should be honest, fair, objective and impartial (公正的) when it comes to both rewards and punishments. These kinds of leaders are trustworthy, and thus, the working atmosphere will only come to be improved. They are role models who can have a strong influence on the whole team. To become a powerful leader at school, students have to take the initiative in connecting with their fellow students. Good communication skills allow people to build good relationships, which is an essential part of being a good leader. If you find it hard to express your ideas clearly to those who you collaborate with, it may be rather difficult for you to be a good leader. It’s a well-known fact that, whatever field you wish to work in, leadership skills are necessary for anyone who desires to have a successful career. So it’s never too early to train yourselves as promising future leaders. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅴ. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 我限制自己每天最多喝两杯咖啡。（restrict）（汉译英） _________________________________ 53. 淡色木地板和充足的自然光平添了几分轻松的氛围。（atmosphere）（汉译英） _________________________________ 54. 随着眼界的不断开阔，这些新观念会为生活赋予全新的意义。（horizon）（汉译英） _________________________________ 55. 他们缺乏独立意识，非常依赖他人的建议。（rely）（汉译英） _________________________________ Ⅵ. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English letter in 120—150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是高二学生李林, 你所在学校计划组织师生参观红色教育资源, 现征询学生建议, 有以下四种方案: ①中共一大会址纪念馆(Site of the First National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party); ②龙华烈士陵园(Longhua Memorial Park of Revolutionary Martyrs); ③钱学森图书馆(Qian Xuesen Library &Museum); ④世博园(Expo Garden)。请给学生会写一封信, 谈谈你的看法, 信中需包括: 1. 你选择的方案; 2. 你选择该方案的理由。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 金山中学2025学年度第二学期高二年级英语学科素养检测1 （时间120分钟 满分150分） Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension 共25分 Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. She is younger than her sister. B. She no longer looks like her sister. C. She does not get along well with her sister. D. She does not spend much time with her kids. 2. A. Inquire about a job. B. Withdraw some cash. C. Spend her extra money on books. D. Find out when the bookstore opens. 3. A. Paper plates are cheaper than dishes. B. The woman’s roommate will return soon. C. There is no need to wash any dishes now. D. Dishes break more easily than paper plates. 4. A. The report was finished last Friday. B. He will meet the woman briefly on Friday. C. The report will not be ready until Thursday. D. He would like the woman to reschedule the meeting. 5. A. She has not applied to any universities yet. B. She will begin university classes in a few weeks. C. She is too busy to contact the university right now. D. She does not know yet if a university will accept her. 6. A. Cancel their trip. B. Ask for directions. C. Go back for the map. D. Try a different route to the beach. 7. A. Lower the student’s grade. B. Reconsider his position later. C. Contact the student’s surgeon. D. Allow the student to miss class. 8. A. She has to quit her job in the laboratory. B. She enjoys doing laboratory experiments. C. She cut herself while working in the laboratory. D. She feels that the man is dedicated to his work, too. 9. A. He is planning to work during spring break. B. He does not have enough money for the trip yet. C. The trip is too far off in the future to think about. D. He has changed his mind about going to Canada. 10. A. He did not know what time he was supposed to arrive. B. He will be happy to share their dessert. C. He expected the traffic to be bad. D. He is not upset that they ate lunch. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear several passages and longer conversations. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversations will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Question 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. It takes several years to learn. B. It requires no previous experience. C. It requires no patience and practice. D. It takes quite a lot of money to learn. 12. A. It is time-consuming. B. It is complicated. C. It is absorbing. D. It is shameful. 13. A. They have devoted much time to it. B. They feel proud of their own ability. C. They can wear them for a longer time. D. They have bought the materials locally. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Scottish soil has been found similar to that on Mars. B. Mars has long been considered a place rich in minerals. C. It’s fun to build connections between Mars and Scotland. D. The Curiosity Rover has made a new discovery about Mars. 15.A. 1,500. B. 6. C. 2012. D. 30. 16. A. It can enrich the Scottish soil database. B. It can locate where there are basaltic rocks. C. It can help us have a better knowledge of Mars. D. It can provide us with the opportunity to understand Scotland. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. She will be able to join the economics seminar. B. She has a new printer for her computer. C. She finished paying back her loan. D. She got an A on her term paper. 18. A. The importance of paying back loans as soon as possible. B. A way to help people improve their economic conditions. C. Using computers to increase business efficiency. D. The expansion of international business. 19. A. It is the topic of his term paper. B. He would like to find a job there. C. His economics professor did research work there. D. Micro credit programs have been very successful there. 20. A. Cancel her credit card. B. Sign up for the economics class. C Do research on banks in Asia. D. Type the man’s term paper. Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary（共30分，每小题1.5分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. It can take a little imagination to see how some innovations might change an economy. Not so with the latest Al tools. It is easy — from a writer’s perspective, uncomfortably so — ____1____(think) of contexts in which something like ChatGPT, a clever chatbot which____2____(take) the web by storm since its release in November 2022, could either dramatically boost a human worker’s productivity or replace them outright. The ChatGPT in its name stands for “generative pre-trained transformer”, ____3____ is a particular kind of language model. ____4____(feed) huge amounts of human-created text, ChatGPT looks for statistical regularities in this data, learns what words and phrases ____5____(associate)with others and therefore predict what words should come next in any given sentence and ____6____ sentences fit together. The result is a machine that can persuasively mimic (模仿) human language. This capacity ____7____ mimicry allows ChatGPT to write essays and poetry, think up jokes, formulate code, and answer questions whether to a child or an expert. Its performance is so astonishing ____8____ many over the past months have been both celebrating and panicking. “Essays are dead,” wrote the cognitive scientist Tim Kietzmann. Others claim that it will finish off Google as a search engine. And the program ____9____ thinks it may be able to replace humans in jobs from insurance agent to court reporter. Nevertheless, there is an _____10_____(underlie) problem that faces any form of artificial intelligence. A computer manipulates (处理) symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules with which to transform one string of symbols into another, or to recognize statistical patterns. But it does not specify what those symbols or patterns mean. To a computer, meaning is irrelevant ChatGPT ”knows" what appears meaningful to humans, but not what is meaningful to itself 【答案】1. to think 2. has taken 3. which 4. Fed 5. are associated 6. how 7. for 8. that 9. itself 10. underlying 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了ChatGPT智能聊天机器人。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这很容易——从作家的角度来看，这很不舒服——想象一下像ChatGPT这样的智能聊天机器人，自2022年11月发布以来在网络上风靡开来，可以显著提高人类工作者的生产力，或者完全取代他们。此处。固定搭配be+adj.+to do sth.“做某事是怎么样的”，不定式作真正的主语。填to think。 【2题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：这很容易——从作家的角度来看，这很不舒服——想象一下像ChatGPT这样的智能聊天机器人，自2022年11月发布以来在网络上风靡开来，可以显著提高人类工作者的生产力，或者完全取代他们。根据since its release in November 2022可知，此处使用现在完成时，关系代词替代先行词a clever chatbot在从句中作主语，助动词使用has。故填has taken。 【3题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：ChatGPT顾名思义就是“生成式预训练转换器”，这是一种特殊的语言模型。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是ChatGPT，指物，关系代词替代先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：ChatGPT通过输入大量的人工文本，在这些数据中寻找统计规律，学习哪些单词和短语与其他单词和短语相关，从而预测任何给定句子中接下来应该出现哪些单词，以及句子如何组合。feed与ChatGPT是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作状语。故填Fed。 【5题详解】 考查动词语态。句意：ChatGPT通过输入大量的人工文本，在这些数据中寻找统计规律，学习哪些单词和短语与其他单词和短语相关，从而预测任何给定句子中接下来应该出现哪些单词，以及句子如何组合。句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；associate与what words and phrases是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，be动词使用are。故填are associated。 【6题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：ChatGPT通过输入大量的人工文本，在这些数据中寻找统计规律，学习哪些单词和短语与其他单词和短语相关，从而预测任何给定句子中接下来应该出现哪些单词，以及句子如何组合。此处是宾语从句，连接词在从句中作方式状语，应用how引导。故填how。 【7题详解】 考查介词。句意：这种模仿能力使ChatGPT能够写文章和诗歌，想出笑话，编写代码，并回答孩子或专家的问题。固定搭配capacity for“……的能力”。故填for。 【8题详解】 考查结果状语从句。句意：它的表现如此惊人，以至于在过去的几个月里，许多人既在庆祝，又在恐慌。此处是so...that“如此……以至于……”，that引导结果状语从句。故填that。 【9题详解】 考查反身代词。句意：该程序本身认为，它可能会取代人类从事从保险代理人到法庭记录员的工作。此处指代程序本身，应用反身代词itself。故填itself。 【10题详解】 考查形容词。句意：然而，任何形式的人工智能都面临着一个潜在的问题。此处修饰名词problem，应用形容词underlying “潜在的”，作定语。故填underlying。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. fuels B. ethnic C. interconnected D. channeled E. outcomes F. influenced G. moral H. united I. extended J. scientifically K. difference Control the Use of Science A recent study, while showing a generally positive attitude toward science, also suggests a widespread worry that it may be “running out of control”. This idea is dangerous. Science can be a force for evil as well as for good. Its applications can be ____11____ either way, depending on our decisions. The decisions we make, personally or collectively, will determine the ____12____ of science. But here is a real danger. Science is advancing so fast and is so strongly ____13____ by businesses that we are likely to believe whatever decisions we come to will make little ____14____. And, rather than fighting for the best possible policies, we may step back and do nothing. Some people go even further. They say that despite the moral and legal objections, whatever is ____15____ possible will be done — somewhere, sometime. They believe that science will get out of control in the end. This belief is dangerous too, because it ____16____ a sense of hopelessness and discourages them from making efforts to build a safer world. In our ____17____ world, the lack of agreement in and out of the world of science can lead to the failure to control the use of science. Without a common understanding, the challenges of “controlling” science in this century will be really tough. Take human cloning for example. Despite the general agreement among scientists on its possibly huge impact on traditional ____18____ values, some countries still go ahead with the research and development of its related techniques. The outcomes are hard to predict. Therefore, discussions on how science is applied should be ____19____ far beyond scientific societies. Only through the ____20____ efforts of people with hope, can we be fully safe against the misuse of science and can science best serve mankind in the future. 【答案】11. D 12. E 13. F 14. K 15. J 16. A 17. C 18. G 19. I 20. H 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了科学应用需受控，人们应共同努力，避免其滥用，确保科学为人类未来服务 。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：它的应用可以被引导向善恶任意一方，取决于我们的决定。根据上文“Science can be a force for evil as well as for good”和下文“either way, depending on our decisions”可知，科学既可以是邪恶的力量，也可以是善良的力量，它的应用可以被引导向善恶任意一方，应用过去分词channeled“被引导”，与空前can be构成被动语态。故选D。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：我们个人或集体做出的决定将决定科学的结果。本空作will determine的宾语，用名词，根据上文“The decisions we make, personally or collectively, will determine”可知，此处指决定科学的结果，应用outcomes“结果”。故选E。 【13题详解】 考查动词和被动语态。句意：科学进步如此之快，并且受到商业的强烈影响，以至于我们可能会相信，无论我们做出什么决定，都不会有什么影响。根据上文“Science is advancing so fast and is so strongly”以及下文“by businesses”可知，此处指科学受到商业的强烈影响，be influenced by“受……影响”，此空过去分词influenced，构成被动语态。故选F。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：科学进步如此之快，并且受到商业的强烈影响，以至于我们可能会相信，无论我们做出什么决定，都不会有什么影响。根据上文“whatever decisions we come to will make little”可知，此处指无论我们做出什么决定，都不会有什么影响，应用名词difference，make little difference“没什么影响”。故选K。 【15题详解】 考查副词。句意：他们说，尽管有道德和法律上的反对，但只要在科学上有可能，就会在某个地方、某个时候去做。根据下文“possible will be done”可知，此处作状语，修饰possible，用副词，指只要在科学上有可能，应用副词scientifically“科学上”。故选J。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：这种信念也是危险的，因为它助长了一种绝望感，并阻止他们努力建设一个更安全的世界。本空为because引导的原因状语从句的谓语，根据下文“a sense of hopelessness and discourages them from making efforts to build a safer world”可知，此处指助长了一种绝望感，应用fuels动词“助长，加强”。故选A。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在我们这个相互联系的世界里，科学界内外缺乏共识可能导致无法控制科学的使用。本空修饰名词world，作定语，根据下文“the lack of agreement in and out of the world of science can lead to the failure to control the use of science”可知，此处指在我们这个相互联系的世界里，应用形容词interconnected“相互联系的”。故选C。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：尽管科学家们普遍认为克隆技术可能对传统道德价值观产生巨大影响，但一些国家仍在继续研究和开发相关技术。本空修饰名词values，作定语，根据下文“values”可知，此处指传统道德价值观，应用形容词moral“道德的”。故选G。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：因此，关于如何应用科学的讨论应该远远超出科学界的范围。根据下文“far beyond scientific societies”可知，此处指关于如何应用科学的讨论应该远远超出科学界的范围，应用过去分词extended“延伸，扩大”，与空前should be构成被动语态。故选I。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：只有通过人们团结一致的努力，我们才能完全避免科学的滥用，科学才能在未来最好地服务于人类。本空修饰名词efforts，作定语，根据下文“efforts of people with hope, can we be fully safe against the misuse of science and can science best serve mankind in the future”可知，此处指通过人们团结一致的努力，应用形容词united“团结的”。故选H。 Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension（共45分；41-55，每题1分；56-70，每题2分） Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Relax Under Pressure Are you sitting cross-legged right now as you read this? Were you aware of the fact that your sitting position can ____21____ impact your body, especially if you sit with your legs crossed at the knee? ____22____, humans lead a largely sedentary (久坐不动的) lifestyle. Adults spend an average of 7.7 hours a day sitting, according to a survey. Such a lifestyle can ____23____ the risk of various diseases, ranging from diabetes (糖尿病) to cardiovascular (心血管的) disease. People sit with their legs crossed at the knee for both psychological and physiological reasons. It’s a ____24____ behavior that changes into a habit, although the act of crossing one’s legs can be seen as a power move in certain settings, such as business or politics. Depending on the ____25____, sitting cross-legged can mean a person is either relaxed or defensive. Body language experts note that if you see someone sitting this way in a meeting, it may indicate they have emotionally stopped ____26____ the conversation. They tend to ____27____ fewer details of what was discussed. You may also find it more ____28____ to persuade them to accept your point of view. Dr. Steven Weiniger a posture expert, explains that many people sit cross-legged to ease the pressure on their lower backs. What they don’t realize, however, is that ____29____ to ease the pressure on one part of the body can add pressure to other parts. A 2014 study found that sitting with crossed legs for three or more hours per day can cause pelvic tilt (骨盆倾斜). This means that one hip (臀部) will be higher than the other. This position ____30____ your gluteus medius, one of the muscles that is located on the side of your hip. When that muscle loses power, it can allow your pelvis to shift out of ____31____. The 2014 study also noted that the lower back bend caused by crossing your legs for three or more hours at a time can ____32____ the position of your head, causing you to push it farther forward. This position can lead to neck pain and general muscle ____33____. Crossing your legs can also cause spinal (脊椎的) problems. If you hold this position ____34____, it can actually lead to scoliosis in which case your spine curves (弯曲) sideways. This can lead to pain, as well as muscle and joint issues. Dr. Naresh Rao of N.Y.U.’s Langone Medical Center suggests not sitting cross-legged “for longer than you need to drink a cup of coffee.” In fact, not only should sitting cross-legged be ____35____, but prolonged sitting in general should be as well. 21. A. actively B. negatively C. positively D. rarely 22. A. As a result B. By the way C. In a sense D. On the whole 23. A. decrease B. diagnose C. expose D. increase 24. A. foreign B. learned C. native D. recommended 25. A. context B. glance C. occupation D. race 26. A. giving way to B. having pity on C. making use of D. taking part in 27. A. file B. lose C. neglect D. remember 28. A. difficult B. effortless C. necessary D. worthy 29. A. attempts B. contests C. doubts D. requests 30. A. deepens B. lengthens C. strengthens D. weakens 31. A. control B. order C. place D. trouble 32. A. affect B. fasten C. improve D. remain 33. A. differences B. existences C. imbalances D. resistances 34. A. accidentally B. basically C. habitually D. originally 35. A. done harm to B. kept track of C. paid attention to D. taken charge of 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. D 28. A 29. A 30. D 31. C 32. A 33. C 34. C 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了跷二郎腿这一坐姿对身体的负面影响及相关建议。 【21题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：你是否在阅读本文时正跷着二郎腿？你是否意识到你的坐姿会对你的身体产生负面影响，尤其是当你膝盖交叉坐着的时候？A. actively积极地；B. negatively消极地；C. positively积极地；D. rarely很少地。根据后文“impact your body, especially if you sit with your legs crossed at the knee”以及“A 2014 study found that sitting with crossed legs for three or more hours per day can cause pelvic tilt (骨盆倾斜)”讲跷二郎腿的负面影响可知，此处指坐姿会对身体产生负面影响。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：总的来说，人类大多处于久坐不动的生活状态。A. As a result结果；B. By the way顺便说一下；C. In a sense在某种意义上；D. On the whole总的来看，大体上。根据后文“humans lead a largely sedentary (久坐不动的) lifestyle”可知，后文描述大众普遍久坐的现状，用On the whole概括整体情况。故选D。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这样的生活方式会增加患各种疾病的风险，从糖尿病到心血管疾病。A. decrease减少；B. diagnose诊断；C. expose暴露；D. increase增加。根据后文“the risk of various diseases, ranging from diabetes (糖尿病) to cardiovascular (心血管的) disease”以及常识可知，久坐会增加患病风险。故选D。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一种后天习得的行为，最终变成了一种习惯，尽管在某些场合，比如商业或政治场合，跷二郎腿可以被视为一种有力的举动。A. foreign外国的；B. learned习得的；C. native本地的；D. recommended推荐的。根据后文“behavior that changes into a habit”可知，跷二郎腿是一种后天习得的行为。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据具体情境，跷二郎腿可能意味着一个人很放松，也可能意味着他很防御。A. context情境；B. glance一瞥；C. occupation职业；D. race种族。根据后文“sitting cross-legged can mean a person is either relaxed or defensive”可知，跷二郎腿的含义取决于具体情境。故选A。 【26题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：肢体语言专家指出，如果你在会议中看到有人这样坐着，这可能表明他们已经从情感上停止参与对话。A. giving way to让步；B. having pity on怜悯；C. making use of利用；D. taking part in参加。根据后文“They tend to ______ fewer details of what was discussed. You may also find it more ______ to persuade them to accept your point of view”可知，这样坐着的人往往会忘记讨论的细节，更难说服他们接受你的观点，这些说明这样坐着的人已经从情感上停止参与对话。故选D。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们往往会忘记讨论的细节。A. file归档；B. lose失去；C. neglect忽视；D. remember记得。根据上文“it may indicate they have emotionally stopped”和下文“fewer details of what was discussed”可知，停止参与对话的人往往会忘记讨论的细节。故选D。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你也可能会发现更难说服他们接受你的观点。A. difficult困难的；B. effortless不费力的；C. necessary必要的；D. worthy值得的。根据上文“fewer details of what was discussed”和下文“to persuade them to accept your point of view”可知，停止参与对话的人往往会忘记讨论的细节，所以更难说服他们接受你的观点。故选A。 29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，他们没有意识到的是，试图减轻身体某一部位压力的做法会给其他部位增加压力。A. attempts尝试，努力；B. contests比赛；C. doubts怀疑；D. requests请求。根据后文“to ease the pressure on one part of the body can add pressure to other parts”可知，跷腿缓解腰部压力的做法会给其他部位增加压力。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个姿势会削弱你的臀中肌，这是位于臀部侧面的一块肌肉。A. deepens加深；B. lengthens延长；C. strengthens加强；D. weakens削弱。根据后文“your gluteus medius”、“When that muscle loses power, it can allow your pelvis to shift out of”可知，后文说肌肉失力、骨盆偏移，说明肌肉变弱。故选D。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当那块肌肉失去力量时，它会让你的骨盆移位。A. control控制；B. order命令；C. place地方；D. trouble麻烦。根据上文“When that muscle loses power, it can allow your pelvis to shift out of”可知，臀中肌失去力量会让骨盆移位，短语out of place表示“移位”。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：2014年的一项研究还指出，一次跷二郎腿三个小时或更长时间会导致下背部弯曲，从而影响头部的位置，使头部向前推得更远。A. affect影响；B. fasten固定；C. improve改善；D. remain保持。根据后文“the position of your head, causing you to push it farther forward”可知，下背部弯曲会使头部向前推得更远，影响头部的位置。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个姿势会导致颈部疼痛和一般肌肉失衡。A. differences差异；B. existences存在；C. imbalances不平衡；D. resistances阻力。根据上文“This position can lead to neck pain and general muscle”可知，这体态歪斜带来肌肉受力不均、失衡。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果你习惯性地保持这个姿势，它实际上会导致脊柱侧弯，在这种情况下，你的脊柱会向侧面弯曲。A. accidentally意外地；B. basically基本上；C. habitually习惯性地；D. originally最初。根据前文“If you hold this position”和后文“it can actually lead to scoliosis in which case your spine curves sideways”可知，长期习惯性跷二郎腿才会引发病变。故选C。 【35题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：事实上，不仅应该注意不要跷二郎腿，而且一般来说，长时间坐着也应该注意。A. done harm to伤害；B. kept track of记录；C. paid attention to注意；D. taken charge of负责。根据前文“not only should sitting cross-legged be”和后文“but prolonged sitting in general should be as well”可知，专家建议要重视规避这类坐姿与久坐危害。故选C。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) My husband became very ill, leaving me to do everything in our home. By night time, I felt as if I was moving in slow motion. One such evening, I noticed that my Bluebird diamond wedding ring — which I had worn for more than half a century — was missing. I was devastated. I looked everywhere. No luck. My family told me to retrace my steps. That would be a task, for that day I had closed a bank account, taken my car in to get it fixed, and gone for an eye exam. I sat, feeling numb. My mind wandered back in time to when I had caught my first glimpse of the man I married. I was five and often tagged along with my dad. That particular day, we came upon a large herd of Black Angus cattle being driven near the roadside. I was looking at the youngest rider. He seemed to be about nine years old. I waved to him, but he just tended to the cattle. Perhaps he was shy. Next my memory travelled to my senior year in high school. It was on such a day that a black hardtop car went by real slow. A passenger yelled, “Girls, do you want to ride around with us?” Among the people in the car was the young cowboy who hadn’t responded to my wave 13 years before! But he wasn’t ignoring me now. So, our love affair began. He offered the ring a few months later. The daydream passed. My daughter Jan called. “Mum, you should shop for a new ring. Where do you want to go?” she asked. “A pawn shop (当铺),” I said. At the shop, we found five jewelry cases to look through. One was too big, another too small, and the third too expensive. So we continued to the next case. As I slipped it on my finger, I shouted, “Here’s my lost ring! See how it just fits.” Everyone in the store turned to the young man helping us. He got a magnifying glass out and said, “It is a Bluebird.” The police got involved. Weeks later, I got a call from an officer who told me that a girl had found it in the mall parking lot. I’m still in awe that I found my ring. How did I know to go to that pawn shop? Was it intuition? The work of angels? Just curiosity? I’m not sure I’ll ever know. But I did learn that sometimes things are gone for a while before they reappear to be claimed. Just like my man. And just like my ring. 36. What was everyday life like for the writer when the story happened? A. Hopeless. B. Exhausting. C. Romantic. D. Luxurious. 37. Why did the writer describe her encounters with her husband? A. To explain how and why she married him. B. To suggest love affairs in school aren’t necessarily bad. C. To show a similarity between him and the ring. D. To contrast early romance with her current misery. 38. Which of the following did the writer think helped her ultimately? A. A young man and a girl. B. Her own instinct to go to a pawn shop. C. Something she was not definite about. D. Some unknown angels sent by God. 39. What serves as the best title of the story? A. Lost and Found B. Miracles Do Happen C. Happily Ever After D. Once Lost, Twice Shy 【答案】36. B 37. C 38. C 39. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在丈夫生病时丢失了结婚戒指，在回忆与丈夫的过往经历后，最终在当铺找回戒指的故事。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“My husband became very ill, leaving me to do everything in our home. By night time, I felt as if I was moving in slow motion.(我丈夫病得很重，家里的一切都留给我来做。到了晚上，我觉得自己好像在慢动作中移动。)”可知，当时作者每天的生活都很疲惫。故选B。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But I did learn that sometimes things are gone for a while before they reappear to be claimed. Just like my man. And just like my ring.(但我确实知道，有时候东西会消失一段时间，然后才会重新出现等待认领。就像我丈夫一样。就像我的戒指。)”可知，作者回忆与丈夫的相遇相恋，是为了体现丈夫与戒指有着相似的羁绊与失而复得的关联。故选C。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“How did I know to go to that pawn shop? Was it intuition? The work of angels? Just curiosity? I’m not sure I’ll ever know.(我怎么知道要去那家当铺的？是直觉吗？是天使吗？只是好奇吗？我不确定我是否会知道。)”可知，作者认为是某种不确定的东西最终帮助了她。故选C。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段中“But I did learn that sometimes things are gone for a while before they reappear to be claimed. Just like my man. And just like my ring.(但我确实知道，有时候东西会消失一段时间，然后才会重新出现等待认领。就像我丈夫一样。就像我的戒指。)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者丢失戒指又找回戒指的故事，因此A项“Lost and Found(失而复得)”最适合作文章标题。故选A。 (B) Of Special Interest to Freshman Freshman Seminars are small classes just for freshmen, with some of York’s most distinguished faculty members. Some seminars provide an introduction to a particular field of study; others take an interdisciplinary (跨学科的) approach to a variety of topics. All seminars provided a friendly environment for developing relationships with faculty members and peers. STARS (Science, Technology, and Research Scholars) provides undergraduates of every year with an opportunity to combine research, course-based study, and development of mentorship skills. The program offers research opportunities and support to students historically underrepresented in the fields of natural science and quantitative reasoning, such as racial and ethnic minorities, women, and the physically challenged. More than 100 students each year participate in STARS, during the academic year or over the summer months. Directed Studies is a selective freshman interdisciplinary program focusing on Western civilization that includes three yearlong courses —literature, philosophy, and historical and political thought — in which students read the foundational works of the Western tradition. Perspectives on Science and Engineering is a lecture and discussion course for about 75 selected freshmen who have exceptionally strong backgrounds in science or mathematics. The yearlong course explores a broad range of topics exposes students to questions at the frontiers of science, and connects the first-year students to York’s Scientific community. Academic Advising is a collective effort by the residential colleges, academic departments and various offices connected to York University Dean’s office. Students’ primary academic advisors are their residential college deans, to whom they may always turn for academic and personal advice. The deans live in residential colleges and supervise the advising networks in the college. Students also have a freshman advisor who is a York faculty member or administrator affiliated with their advisees’ residential college. Each academic department has a director of undergraduate studies (DUS) who can discuss with students the department’s course offerings and requirements for majors. Science and Engineering Undergraduate Research York is one of the world’s foremost research universities. Independent engineering research and design projects and scientific research are an essential part of undergraduate science education at York. Science students can begin conducting original research as early as the freshman year. Ninety-five percent of undergraduate science majors engaged in research with faculty mentors. 40. An African female freshman seeking opportunities of research is most likely to choose _____. A. Freshman Seminars B. Directed Studies C. STARS D. Perspectives on Science and Engineering 41. In which program may the science majors be guided to read Shakespeare’s works? A. Academic Advising. B. Directed Studies. C. STARS. D. Freshman Seminars. 42. Which freshman may have priority to attend Perspectives on Science and Engineering? A. The one who has already got a novel published. B. A medalist of the International Mathematical Olympiad. C. The one who has designed an original engineering project. D. An applicant for York’s Scientific Community. 【答案】40. C 41. B 42. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了约克大学一些新生感兴趣的课程。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据STARS部分中“The program offers research opportunities and support to students historically underrepresented in the fields of natural science and quantitative reasoning, such as racial and ethnic minorities, women, and the physically challenged.(该项目为自然科学和定量推理领域历史上代表性不足的学生提供研究机会和支持，如少数民族、妇女和残疾人)”可知，寻求研究机会的非洲女新生最有可能选择STARS。故选C。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据Directed Studies部分中“Directed Studies is a selective freshman interdisciplinary program focusing on Western civilization that includes three yearlong courses —literature, philosophy, and historical and political thought — in which students read the foundational works of the Western tradition.(定向研究是一门新生选择的跨学科课程，主要研究西方文明，包括为期三年的课程——文学、哲学、历史和政治思想——学生们在课程中阅读西方传统的基础著作)”可知，在Directed Studies课程中，理科专业的学生可以被引导阅读莎士比亚的作品。故选B。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据Perspectives on Science and Engineering部分中“Perspectives on Science and Engineering is a lecture and discussion course for about 75 selected freshmen who have exceptionally strong backgrounds in science or mathematics.(《科学与工程展望》是一门讲座和讨论课程，为75名在科学或数学方面具有特别强大背景的新生挑选)”可知，国际数学奥林匹克奖牌获得者可以优先参加《科学与工程展望》课程。故选B。 (C) While more and more scientists are working on nonfiction science books for the general reader, I think we also need a change. The typical expert-voiced monologues (独白) that scientists write are a wonderful component of the engagement effort, but the form is limited. Such books are largely ready people already willing to pick up a science book, or who are open to the authoritative academic’s voice telling them how to think. There are plenty of people who can engage with science but who find those kinds of books a sometimes unwelcome reminder of the classroom. Following from my belief that science is for everyone, I suggest that publishers need to work with scientists to expand the kinds of books on offer, assured that there is an audience for them. Progress is possible. Many years ago, I realized it is hard to find books on the nonfiction science shelf that let readers see themselves as part of the conversation about science. So I thought about an entire book of conversations about science taking place between ordinary people. While “overhearing” those conversations, readers learn some science ideas. It’s a resurrection of the dialogue form, known to the ancient Greeks, and to Galileo, as a device for exchanging ideas, but with contemporary settings: cafes, restaurants, trains and so on. I decided it would be engaging for the reader to actually see who’s having those conversations, and where, instead of describing them in words. This led me to realize that I was thinking about a powerful form of visual storytelling: Graphic novels for adults have matured and exploded in popularity in recent years. Spiegelman’s “Maus: A Survivor’s Tale” and Bechdel’s “Fun Home” are just two well-known examples. But the storytelling tools of the graphic book have been little used to convey nonfiction science ideas to a general adult audience. The vast majority of contemporary graphic books with a science focus are presented instead as “explainer/adventure comics” for younger audiences. This is an important genre, but graphic books about science should not be limited to that. And while there are several excellent graphic books for adults that include science, they typically focus instead on the lives of famous scientists, with discussion of the science itself as a secondary goal. Some excellent recent examples that balance the two aspects well include Ottaviani arid Myrick’s “Feyrunan” and Doxiadis and Papadimitriou’s “Logicomix”. The scarcity of science-focused non-biographical (非自传体的) graphic books for adults is especially true in my field of physics. So I decided that here was an opportunity to broaden the kinds of nonfiction science book available to engage the public. 43. It can be inferred from Para.2 that the expert-voiced monologues don’t appeal to _________. A. those who are interested in scientific ideas B. those who have no talents for scientific research C. those who would like to know how scientists think D. those who think science classes in school are uninteresting 44 The word “resurrection” (in paragraph 3) most probably means _________. A. announcement B. comeback C. explanation D. representation 45. According to the writer, which might be the best form of nonfiction science books for general readers? A. A collection of scientists’ life stories. B. A book written by a Nobel Prize winner. C. An adventure novel focusing on science. D. A comic book conveying scientific ideas. 46. What is passage mainly about? A. A well-known writer who writes to promote science among the public. B. A possible way to get nonfiction science books to appeal to the public. C. A new approach to have the public get interested in new scientific ideas. D. An easy access for the public to have a general idea of what science is. 【答案】43. D 44. B 45. D 46. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了越来越多的科学家致力于为普通读者编写非小说类科学书籍，作者也在探索关于普通人之间的科学对话的书，好让非虚构类科学书籍也能够吸引公众。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“The typical expert-voiced monologues (独白) that scientists write are a wonderful component of the engagement effort, but the form is limited.(科学家们写的典型的专家独白是参与努力的一个很好的组成部分，但形式是有限的)”以及“There are plenty of people who can engage with science but who find those kinds of books a sometimes unwelcome reminder of the classroom.(有很多人可以参与科学，但他们发现这类书有时在课堂是不受欢迎的)”可推知，那些认为学校里的科学课没意思的人并不喜欢这些专家的独白。故选D。 【44题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第三段“Many years ago, I realized it is hard to find books on the nonfiction science shelf that let readers see themselves as part of the conversation about science. So I thought about an entire book of conversations about science taking place between ordinary people.(许多年前，我意识到，在非虚构类的科学书架上，很难找到让读者把自己视为科学对话的一部分的书。所以我想写一本关于普通人之间的科学对话的书)”以及划线词后文“dialogue form, known to the ancient Greeks, and to Galileo, as a device for exchanging ideas”可知，作者发现很难找到科学对话的书，所以想写一本关于普通人之间的科学对话的书，这是对话形式的复活，古希腊人和伽利略都知道，对话是交流思想的一种手段，故划线词意思是“恢复，复原”。故选B。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“I decided it would be engaging for the reader to actually see who’s having those conversations, and where, instead of describing them in words. This led me to realize that I was thinking about a powerful form of visual storytelling: Graphic novels for adults have matured and exploded in popularity in recent years.(我决定让读者真正看到是谁在进行这些对话，在哪里进行，而不是用文字描述。这让我意识到，我正在思考一种强大的视觉叙事形式：近年来，成人漫画小说已经成熟，并迅速流行起来)”以及倒数第二段“The vast majority of contemporary graphic books with a science focus are presented instead as “explainer/adventure comics” for younger audiences. This is an important genre, but graphic books about science should not be limited to that.(绝大多数以科学为重点的当代图画书都以“解释者/冒险漫画”的形式呈现给年轻读者。这是一种重要的类型，但有关科学的图文书籍不应局限于此)”可推知，作者认为，对于普通读者来说，传达科学思想的漫画书最好。故选D。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“While more and more scientists are working on nonfiction science books for the general reader, I think we also need a change.(当越来越多的科学家致力于为普通读者编写非小说类科学书籍时，我认为我们也需要改变)”提到当越来越多的科学家正在为普通读者研究非虚构的科学书籍时，作者认为也需要改变。到结尾：作者想要拓宽非虚构类科学书籍种类，从而吸引公众。说明作者正在探索一种可能的方式，让非虚构类科学书籍能够吸引公众。即这篇文章的主要内容是一种让非虚构类科学书籍吸引公众的可能方法。故选B。 Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. If you like filling up your Wechat Moments with selfies, you might want to change the habit now. A new study suggests that you are probably not as beautiful as you think you are, and posting your face all over the Internet isn’t giving the world the best impression. The study was conducted by researchers from the University of Toronto. The scientists gathered 198 college students. One hundred of these students were selfie-lovers, while the other 98 were non-selfie-takers. These students were asked to take a selfie fit for social media. ____47____ As a result, each participant had a selfie and a standard picture. With these pictures in hand, the students rated how attractive they thought other people would find them. ____48____ The result: Both selfie-lovers and non-selfie-takers thought they would be seen as more attractive in their photos than they were seen by the outside group. Besides, the researcher suggests that not only do people think they are hotter than they actually are, but taking selfies also greatly decreases people’s opinions of you. Then, why do so many people like taking selfies? It comes down to a well-known psychological phenomenon called “self-favouring bias”, which states that “people tend to think they are better than others. ____49____” When taking selfies, people almost all possible control because they can adjust the angle of the shot, the filter (滤镜), when they post them to social media and every other aspect. The study suggests that this causes people to have a more narcissistic personality. ____50____ Last year, researchers from Ohio State University said that male selfie-lovers tend to show signs of mental disorder. Maybe it’s time to cool the craze down. After all, your WeChat friends probably know what your face looks like. There is no need to remind them dozens of times a day. A. The researchers then had a group of 178 outside observers rate the photos for attractiveness. B. The study isn’t the first one to focus on the negative sides of the selfie craze. C. It also puts them in control of their own image. D. They were also photographed by the researchers. E. This isn’t news, but those feelings are greatly strengthened when people take selfies. F. They refused to define themselves as narcissistic (自恋的). 【答案】47. D 48. A 49. E 50. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项新研究表明，人们可能并不像自己认为的那样好看，且自拍会降低他人对自己的评价，同时探讨了人们喜欢自拍的原因以及自拍带来的负面影响。 【47题详解】 由上文“These students were asked to take a selfie fit for social media.(这些学生被要求拍摄适合社交媒体的自拍照。)”及下文“As a result, each participant had a selfie and a standard picture.(结果，每个参与者都有一张自拍照和一张标准照片。)”可知，上文提到学生被要求拍摄自拍照，下文提到每个参与者都有自拍照和标准照片，此处要补充说明还拍了标准照片。D选项“They were also photographed by the researchers.(他们还被研究人员拍摄了照片。)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选D。 【48题详解】 由上文“With these pictures in hand, the students rated how attractive they thought other people would find them.(有了这些照片，学生们评价了他们认为其他人会觉得他们有多有吸引力。)”及下文“The result: Both selfie-lovers and non-selfie-takers thought they would be seen as more attractive in their photos than they were seen by the outside group.(结果：自拍爱好者和非自拍爱好者都认为，在照片中，他们比外界看到的更有吸引力。)”可知，上文说明了学生们对照片中自己的吸引力进行了评价，下文说明自拍爱好者和非自拍爱好者都认为自己在照片中更有吸引力，本空应说明研究人员让一组外部观察者对照片的吸引力进行评分，从而得出结果。A选项“The researchers then had a group of 178 outside observers rate the photos for attractiveness.(然后，研究人员让一组178名外部观察者对照片的吸引力进行评分。)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选A。 【49题详解】 由上文“It comes down to a well-known psychological phenomenon called “self-favouring bias”, which states that “people tend to think they are better than others.(这归结为一种众所周知的心理现象，称为“自我偏爱偏差”，即“人们倾向于认为自己比别人好。)”可知，上文解释了人们喜欢自拍的心理现象，即自我偏爱偏差，本空应进一步说明这种心理现象在自拍时是如何被强化的。E选项“This isn’t news, but those feelings are greatly strengthened when people take selfies.(这并不是什么新鲜事，但当人们自拍时，这些感觉会大大增强。)”能承接上文，符合语境。故选E。 【50题详解】 由下文“Last year, researchers from Ohio State University said that male selfie-lovers tend to show signs of mental disorder.(去年，俄亥俄州立大学的研究人员表示，男性自拍爱好者往往表现出精神障碍的迹象。)”可知，下文说明了另一项关于自拍负面影响的研究，此处引出不止一项研究指出自拍弊端。B选项“The study isn’t the first one to focus on the negative sides of the selfie craze.(这项研究并不是第一个关注自拍狂热负面影响的。)”能引出下文，符合语境。故选B。 71. Ⅳ. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words asfar as possible. How to Be a Successful Team Leader? Every well-organized team needs to have an outstanding leader with specific skills. Sometimes the leader’s abilities can come to affect the whole team. Although we students are still young, it’s never too early to cultivate leadership skills. A team consists of both leaders and followers. Neither side can exist and work effectively without the other. What is essential to the role of leader is the ability to unite the whole team. A great leader enables their team to achieve a common goal through the giving of clear directions and support. Meanwhile, everyone on a team also desires personal success, so a balance can be hard to strike. If a leader doesn’t have fierce determination, the followers will lose their confidence and things will not be done well. What’s more, a successful and charming leader ought to be able to handle interpersonal relationships well. They should be honest, fair, objective and impartial (公正的) when it comes to both rewards and punishments. These kinds of leaders are trustworthy, and thus, the working atmosphere will only come to be improved. They are role models who can have a strong influence on the whole team. To become a powerful leader at school, students have to take the initiative in connecting with their fellow students. Good communication skills allow people to build good relationships, which is an essential part of being a good leader. If you find it hard to express your ideas clearly to those who you collaborate with, it may be rather difficult for you to be a good leader. It’s a well-known fact that, whatever field you wish to work in, leadership skills are necessary for anyone who desires to have a successful career. So it’s never too early to train yourselves as promising future leaders. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is essential to develop leadership skills when you’re young. Firstly, the ability to keep the team united and determination to accomplish the same goal are needed. Besides, honesty, fairness, and objective attitudes can win a leader trust and reliability in handling of interpersonal relationships. Moreover, skillful communication or staying connected with peers is significant for a promising leader. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何成为一名成功的团队领导者。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Although we students are still young, it’s never too early to cultivate leadership skills. ②What is essential to the role of leader is the ability to unite the whole team. ③A great leader enables their team to achieve a common goal through the giving of clear directions and support. ④They should be honest, fair, objective and impartial (公正的) when it comes to both rewards and punishments. ⑤To become a powerful leader at school, students have to take the initiative in connecting with their fellow students. ⑥Good communication skills allow people to build good relationships, which is an essential part of being a good leader. 2.缜密构思 将第2、3两个要点进行整合，将第5、6两个要点进行重组 3.遣词造句 The ability to keep the team united and determination to accomplish the same goal are needed. Skillful communication or staying connected with peers is significant for a promising leader. 【点睛】[高分句型1] It is essential to develop leadership skills when you’re young.（运用了when引导时间状语从句对第一段内容进行概括） [高分句型2] Firstly, the ability to keep the team united and determination to accomplish the same goal are needed.（运用了动词不定式作后置定语对第二段的部分内容进行概括） Ⅴ. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 我限制自己每天最多喝两杯咖啡。（restrict）（汉译英） _________________________________ 【答案】I restrict myself to drinking at most two cups of coffee every day. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和固定搭配、非谓语动词。表示“我”用I，作主语。表示“限制自己（做某事）”用restrict oneself to doing sth.，结合句子意思可知句子用一般现在时，且主语为I，谓语用restrict，宾语用反身代词myself。表示“每天”用every day，作时间状语。表示“最多”用at most；表示“喝”用drink，用动名词作介词to的宾语。表示“两杯咖啡”用two cups of coffee。故翻译为I restrict myself to drinking at most two cups of coffee every day. 53. 淡色木地板和充足的自然光平添了几分轻松的氛围。（atmosphere）（汉译英） _________________________________ 【答案】Light-colored wooden floors and plenty of natural light add a relaxed atmosphere. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词、固定短语以及时态。表示“淡色木地板”用light-colored wooden floor，作主语；表示“和”用and，连接前后两个并列成分；表示“充足的自然光”用plenty of natural light；表示“平添了几分轻松的氛围”用add a relaxed atmosphere，描述一般事实用一般现在时，主语为复数，谓语动词用原形。故翻译为Light-colored wooden floors and plenty of natural light add a relaxed atmosphere. 54. 随着眼界的不断开阔，这些新观念会为生活赋予全新的意义。（horizon）（汉译英） _________________________________ 【答案】With the continuous broadening of your horizons, these new concepts will give a whole new meaning to your life. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词、时态。表示“随着……的不断开阔”用with the continuous broadening of；表示“眼界”用名词horizons，作宾语；表示“这些新观念”用these new concepts，作主语；表示“为……赋予全新的意义”用give a whole new meaning to，其中to为介词，描述将来发生的动作，时态用一般将来时；表示“生活”用life。故翻译为With the continuous broadening of your horizons, these new concepts will give a whole new meaning to your life. 55. 他们缺乏独立意识，非常依赖他人的建议。（rely）（汉译英） _________________________________ 【答案】They lack a sense of independence and rely heavily on others’ advice. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语、时态。表示“他们”用they，作主语，句首单词，首字母大写。表示“缺乏独立意识”用lack a sense of independence，句子描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语为They，谓语动词用原形；表示“非常依赖”用rely heavily on，与lack是并列关系，用连词and连接；表示“他人的建议”用others’ advice，作rely heavily on的宾语。故翻译为：They lack a sense of independence and rely heavily on others’ advice. Ⅵ. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English letter in 120—150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是高二学生李林, 你所在学校计划组织师生参观红色教育资源, 现征询学生建议, 有以下四种方案: ①中共一大会址纪念馆(Site of the First National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party); ②龙华烈士陵园(Longhua Memorial Park of Revolutionary Martyrs); ③钱学森图书馆(Qian Xuesen Library &Museum); ④世博园(Expo Garden)。请给学生会写一封信, 谈谈你的看法, 信中需包括: 1. 你选择的方案; 2. 你选择该方案的理由。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】To whom it may concern, Recently, I’ve heard that our school is considering organizing a patriotic visit to some educational sites to have a deeper understanding of our culture. Therefore, I can hardly wait to write to you, sharing my opinion. As far as I am concerned, I am in favour of visiting the Site of the First National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. The reasons are as follows. First and foremost, the museum displays the history of modern Shanghai, which provides an opportunity for students to know more about the meaning of the foundation of the Chinese Communist Party. Students who are unfamiliar with the history could be exposed to the historical pictures and objects. Through this activity they will gain detailed knowledge. Aside from that, visiting the Site will give us students a lesson about how the old generations have fought for our country so that we will be proud of it and cherish our life. As is mentioned above, there is no doubt that exposure to the histories of our city and the Party will bring great benefits to us, and will have a deeper impact on our life. Sincerely, Li Lin 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生对于学校组织参观红色教育资源的四种方案谈谈看法。 【详解】1.词汇积累 考虑：consider→think of 观点：opinion→view 提供：provide→offer 获得：gain→obtain 2.句式拓展 合并句子 原句：Students who are unfamiliar with the history could be exposed to the historical pictures and objects. Through this activity they will gain detailed knowledge. 拓展句：Students who are unfamiliar with the history could be exposed to the historical pictures and objects, through which they will gain detailed knowledge. 【点睛】【高分句型1】First and foremost, the museum displays the history of modern Shanghai, which provides an opportunity for students to know more about the meaning of the foundation of the Chinese Communist Party.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】Aside from that, visiting the Site will give us students a lesson about how the old generations have fought for our country so that we will be proud of it and cherish our life.（运用了how引导的宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $