Unit 4 Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册教师用书word（译林版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦复杂句分析核心知识点，以简单句五种基本句式为基础，逐步过渡到并列句的连接词用法，再深入主从复合句中定语、名词性、状语从句的引导词及结构，构建从基础到复杂的学习支架，帮助学生系统掌握句式结构。 资料以“语境中体悟”引入Marie Curie案例，结合真实语境培养语言能力，通过表格梳理、高考真题对点练提升学习能力，长难句分析与翻译练习锻炼思维品质。课中辅助教师清晰授课，课后助力学生查漏补缺，强化语法应用能力。

Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage 　　　(语法项目——复杂句分析) 语境中体悟 Probably everyone dreams of having a great career, but first let's define what this means①.When thinking about what makes a career great, many ideas may bounce around in your head②.Please close your eyes and think of someone professional and successful③.It could be a famous entrepreneur, a great leader, a scientist, an artist or a teacher who had a great influence on you④.My choice would be Marie Curie.For me, she is great not just because she was world－famous, but because she made great contributions to mankind⑤.Being a female scientist was much less common in her time, but in spite of this she devoted her life to her career.So I have come to the conclusion that if you want a great career, you need to commit yourself to something meaningful⑥.I believe all great careers have this in common⑦. [语法入门] 句①为but连接的并列复合句，第二个分句中含有what引导的宾语从句，作动词define的宾语； 句②为主从复合句，句中含有when引导的时间状语从句的省略形式，该从句中又含有what引导的宾语从句，作介词about的宾语； 句③为and连接的并列句； 句④为主从复合句，句中含有who引导的定语从句； 句⑤为主从复合句，句中含有not ...but ...连接的两个并列的原因状语从句，从句都由because引导； 句⑥为主从复合句，that引导同位语从句，从句中含有if引导的条件状语从句； 句⑦为主从复合句，句中含有省略了连接词that的宾语从句。 学案中理清 一、简单句 　 简单句就是由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。简单句有五种基本句式，其他各种句式都是由这五种基本句式演变而来。 1 主语＋谓语(不及物动词) 2 主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语 3 主语＋系动词＋表语 4 主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 5 主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾语补足语 [对点练] 写出下面简单句的基本类型(“主谓”结构/“主谓宾”结构/“主系表”结构/“主谓宾宾”结构/“主谓宾补”结构) ①The Internet makes our lives easy and convenient.“主谓宾补”结构 ②Actually, people can get by with a few local expressions when traveling to a foreign country.“主谓”结构 ③Most importantly, it's vital to mind your table manners.“主系表”结构 ④The table tennis team of our school is looking for new players right now.“主谓宾”结构 ⑤You showed me some photos on environmental protection.“主谓宾宾”结构 二、并列句　 并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词(短语)连接。 并列连词 用法 and, both ...and ..., not only ...but (also) ...等 表示并列、顺承或递进关系 but, yet, whereas等 表示转折关系 or, either ...or ..., not ...but ...等 表示选择关系 for, so 表示因果关系。for连接的分句一般不能放在句首 and, or 表示条件或结果关系，常用于句型“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”中 while 作为并列连词，强调两种情况的对比 　|名|师|点|津| (1)when可用作并列连词，相当于and at this/that time，意为“正在这/那时，突然”，常用于下列句式：①sb.be about to do/going to do/on the point of doing sth.when ...“某人正要做某事，这时(突然)……”； ②sb.be doing sth.when ...“某人正在做某事，这时(突然)……”； ③sb.had just done sth.when ...“某人刚做完某事，这时(突然)……”。 (2)并列句常用句型：祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语。 [对点练]　(单句语法填空) ①(2025·浙江1月高考)Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead on/upon the fact that they have something unique to wear and are not overstuffing their own wardrobes (衣柜) or contributing to landfill. ②(2023·全国乙卷)It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn't work, but somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. ③...the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier and that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas. ④At school, some students are active while some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another. ⑤We were walking side by side when suddenly we both sank to knee depth in the mud. ⑥Follow your doctor's advice, or your cough will get worse. 三、主从复合句　 主从复合句包括三大从句：定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句。 1．定语从句的引导词 关系代词 that, which, who, whom, whose, as (在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语) 关系副词 where, when, why (在从句中充当状语) 2．名词性从句的引导词 连接代词 what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever (在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语) 连接副词 when, where, how, why, whenever, however, wherever (在从句中充当状语) 从属连词 that, whether/if, because, as if, as though (在从句中不充当成分) 3．状语从句的引导词 时间状语从句 when, while, as, before, since, until, as soon as, the moment/minute/instant, every time, directly/immediately/instantly, no sooner ...than, hardly ...when等 地点状语从句 where, wherever等 目的状语从句 in order that, so that, for fear that, in the hope that, in case等 原因状语从句 because, as, since, now that, considering that等 条件状语从句 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that, providing/provided (that)等 让步状语从句 though, although, as (用于倒装结构), while (一般位于句首), even though, even if, 疑问词＋－ever, no matter ＋ 疑问词， whether ...or ...等 结果状语从句 so ...that ..., such ...that ..., so that等 比较状语从句 than, as, the ＋比较级 ..., the ＋比较级 ...等 方式状语从句 as, as if, as though等 [对点练]　(单句语法填空) ①BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool that/which gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. ②...but be sure to carefully evaluate every school that has accepted you, since you had particular reasons for applying to each school. ③And it evaluates how well you combine your listening, reading, speaking and writing skills to perform academic tasks. ④The watch, which was a gift from his father, was very important to him and he was determined to find it. ⑤It was so successful that he designed the present one, which measures roughly 200 square meters. ⑥So if you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates should help. ⑦If/When/While you are travelling abroad, here are the tips you need to make your trip much easier. ⑧Most didn't know the answers because/as/since they learn by rote (死记硬背)． ⑨The teacher is a good teacher because she always tries her best to be the one whose classes are more active and lively with some stories and examples. ⑩Get yourself familiar with local laws and customs of the countries to which you are travelling. ⑪At that time I was in Texas and I had a friend whose family business was running hotels. ⑫To the Egyptians, green was a color which/that represented the hope and joy of spring. 应用中融通 Ⅰ.分析下列短文中波浪线部分的句式结构 A A key aspect of scientific judgment is that it is done collectively (表语从句)．No claim gets accepted until it has been vetted by dozens (时间状语从句), if not hundreds, of heads.In areas that have been contested (定语从句), like climate science and vaccine safety, it's thousands.This is why we are generally justified in not worrying too much if a single scientist, even a very famous one, disagrees with the claim (表语从句)． B In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a “borderless world” (宾语从句中含有so ...that ...引导的结果状语从句)．As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening today is the result of great technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back (宾语从句中含有whatever引导的主语从句以及which引导的定语从句)． Ⅱ.分析下列长难句并尝试翻译 1．As part of the package, initial and follow－up training sessions are provided and accommodation is available if required. [分析]　这是一个并列主从复合句。句子的第二个and连接两个并列句，第一个分句是被动结构，第二个分句中含有条件状语从句的省略，其中的“if required”由“if_it_is_required”省略而来。 [尝试翻译]　作为整套流程的一部分，我们提供最初的以及后续的培训，并且，如果有要求的话，我们提供住宿。 2．I didn't think about it much until a morning last week when I knocked my favorite teapot off the table. [分析]　这是一个主从复合句。when引导定语从句，修饰先行词 morning。 [尝试翻译]　之前我一直没有多想，直到上周的一个早晨，我把我最心爱的茶壶从桌子上碰了下来。 3．As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him, just as our lizard had. [分析]　这是一个主从复合句。其中“As ...baseball uniform”是时间状语从句，从句的基本结构是I_watched_him_take_off_...and_replace_...；主句是I saw him leaving ...，其中的宾语layer后又跟着一个定语从句。 [尝试翻译]　当我看着他脱下篮球服，换上棒球服时，我看到他就像蜥蜴一样脱下了那层不再适合他的衣服。 4．The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills. [分析]　这是一个主从复合句。本句的主干为The_doctor_is_a_superior_doctor，第一个who引导定语从句，修饰第一个doctor，而同位语one后面跟了一个定语从句。 [尝试翻译]　这位既是诗人又是哲学家的医生非常优秀，他能给他的病人提供更多的东西，而不只是优秀的医术。 It generally prepares people to work in a specific occupation by teaching theory in the classroom and offering hands－on training in the workplace. 它通常通过在课堂上教授理论和在工作场所提供实践培训来使人们为从事特定职业的工作做好准备。 ★occupation n．工作，职业；消遣；侵占，占领期；使用 |用|法|感|知| ·You will be asked to fill in a form with details of your birth and occupation. 你将需要填写一张包含你的生日和职业详情的表格。 ·(“道歉”类佳句)I'm sorry to tell you that I can't accompany you to the bookstore this Saturday, as I am occupied (in) preparing for an upcoming examination. 很抱歉地告诉你，这个周六我不能陪你去书店了，因为我正忙着准备即将到来的考试。 [归纳点拨] (1)occupy v．　　　　　 占用，占去(时间) occupy sb./oneself (in) doing sth. 使某人/自己忙于做某事 occupy sb./oneself with sth. 使某人/自己忙于某事 (2)occupied adj. 被占用的，使用中的 be occupied in doing sth. 　　 忙于做某事 be occupied with sth. 　　 忙于某事 |应|用|融|会| (1)单句语法填空 ①In my spare time, I have been occupied in practising (practise) my oral English so I speak English fluently. ②Please fill in your name, address and occupation (occupy) in this form. (2)句式升级 I was occupied doing this project, so I had no time for social activities. ③Occupied_doing_this_project,_I had no time for social activities.(过去分词短语作状语) ④Occupying_myself_doing_this_project,_I had no time for social activities.(现在分词短语作状语) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $