Unit 2 Understanding each other 阅读·久久为功-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册教师用书word（译林版）

本讲义围绕英语语言运用与文化理解构建学习支架，涵盖主题名句积累（如沟通、尊重相关中外名人名言）、两篇核心课文精读（《Effective communication》解析沟通过程与技巧，《Borrowed words》探讨外来词的文化渊源与语言演变）、64个核心词汇拓展及用法、写作范文（如邮件写作）与场景描写语段，形成从输入到输出的完整学习链。 资料特色在于融合语言能力与文化意识培养，通过难句破解（如宾语从句、被动语态分析）提升语言理解能力，借助外来词主题引导学生认识语言与文化的共生关系，培养跨文化思维。课中教师可利用课文对译与词汇拓展辅助教学，课后学生能通过词汇表和范文复习巩固，拓展阅读的真实案例更助力提升实际语言运用的思维品质。

附：《阅读·久久为功》 一、背主题名句，写大气文章 1．(教材名句)We have two ears and one mouth so that we can listen twice as much as we speak.—Epictetus 我们有两只耳朵和一张嘴巴，所以我们可以听到的是我们所说的两倍。——爱比克泰德 2．Do not impose on others what you yourself do not desire.—Confucius 己所不欲，勿施于人。——孔子 3．Respecting others is respecting yourself.—John Galsworthy 尊重别人就是尊重自己。——约翰·高尔斯华绥 4．Understanding is definitely the soil of bringing up all the fruits of friendship.—Wilson 理解绝对是培育一切友情之果的土壤。——威尔逊 5．People who are not tolerant of others are unworthy of being tolerated by others.—Turgenev 不会宽容别人的人是不配受到别人宽容的。——屠格涅夫 二、课文不厌百遍读，书中自有“黄金屋” 课文1　Effective communication (有效沟通) If you heard someone shout “Hey you！” from across the room, how would you react? Just these two words can carry a lot of information.They could be interpreted as a welcoming greeting from a close friend, especially .When spoken by a stranger, they can function as a means of attracting your attention. Much of what we communicate is we use, but also on how we use them.So, let's look a little deeper into the topic of communication. [课文对译] 如果你听到有人从房间另一头喊“嘿，朋友！”，你会有什么反应？仅仅这两个词就能承载很多信息。它们可以解读成来自一位好朋友的欢迎问候，尤其是伴随着温柔的微笑时。当一个陌生人这样说时，这句话可以当作吸引你注意力的一种方式。我们沟通的许多内容不仅取决于我们所使用的词语，还取决于我们如何运用它们。因此，让我们更深入地了解一下沟通这个话题。 [难句破解] 句①　本句为if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式。 句②　本句的主语是Much of what we communicate, is dependent ...为系表结构；what we communicate为介词of的宾语从句；not only ...but also ...意为“不但……而且……”，连接并列的介词短语，其中we use为省略that的定语从句，修饰先行词the words, how we use them为介词on的宾语从句。 Communication is the process of exchanging information between a sender and a receiver.The sender encodes a message and sends it face to face, or through video, telephone, mail or social media.This message is then received and decoded by the receiver.In response, the receiver sends an encoded message back, which is referred to as feedback.This feedback is decoded by the original [课文对译] 沟通是一位发送者和一位接收者之间交换信息的过程。发送者对一条信息进行编码然后当面发送出去，或是通过视频、电话、邮件或社交媒体。这条信息随后被接收者收到并解码。作为回应，接收者再发回一条编码信息，这就是所谓的反馈。这条反馈再被原先的发送者解码，然后整个过程不断循环往复，直到他们完成沟通。 [难句破解] 句③　and连接两个并列句，前一分句使用了被动语态，后一分句中含有until引导的时间状语从句。 This communication process can be challenging but, with practice and patience, you can become a highly competent communicator.To accomplish this, you need to know with whom you are communicating.What is their age or position? What is their relationship with you? What expectations and cultural backgrounds do they have? Once you have obtained this information, you can use it to determine how best to communicate with them. Depending on whether you are ,friend, family member or co－worker, you will need to decide which communication channel best suits the situation. Furthermore, you will need to determine the appropriate style to use and how complex your choice of words should be.For example, if you are a business person negotiating with a large enterprise about a deal, you should do it face to face, using formal language in a straightforward manner. [课文对译] 这一沟通的过程可能是具有挑战性的，但是经过练习且拥有耐心，你就可以成为一名技术高超的沟通者。要实现这个目标，你需要知道你在和谁沟通。他们的年龄多大或者职位如何？他们和你是什么关系？他们有什么期待、是什么文化背景？一旦获得了这些信息，你就可以据此决定如何最好地与他们沟通。根据你是否在跟一位陌生人、朋友、家人或者同事沟通，你将需要决定哪种沟通渠道最适合当下的情况。此外，你还要决定使用何种恰当的风格，以及选词应该有多复杂。例如，如果你是一名商务人士，正在与一家大型企业洽谈一笔交易，你应该面对面地、用正式的语言并以直截了当的方式进行沟通。 [难句破解] 句④　depending on为现在分词短语作状语；whether引导宾语从句，意为“是否”；主句中含有which引导的宾语从句，which意为“哪一个”。 Your body language is equally important, since it reveals a lot about your thoughts and attitudes.Make sure it clearly supports the message you want to deliver.A smile shows you are attentive to the issues being discussed， distrust or friction. Additionally, you should not ignore the other person's body language, which will give you clues as to .When you notice a change in the other person's body language, you should adjust how you are communicating accordingly.If someone looks at you with a confused expression, this could indicate that they have not completely understood your point.Then you will need to clarify your message before moving on. [课文对译] 你的肢体语言同样重要，因为它可以透露很多关于你的想法和态度的信息。确保你的肢体语言明确地支持你想要传达的信息。微笑表明你对正在讨论的问题很关注，而双臂交叉、看向别处则会表示你不感兴趣，这样会造成不信任或引起摩擦。此外，你不应该忽视对方的肢体语言，它会为你提供线索，告诉你谈话进行得顺利与否。当你注意到对方的肢体语言产生变化时，你应该相应地调整你的沟通方式。如果有人用困惑的表情看着你，这可能表明他们还没有完全理解你的观点。然后在继续对话之前，你将需要进一步阐明你的信息。 [难句破解] 句⑤　while引导并列句，句中looking away为动名词短语作主语，with your arms folded为with复合结构在句中作状语。 句⑥　whether引导宾语从句，与or not搭配，此时不能替换为if。 While being knowledgeable about body language is vital, the value of empathy should not be understated.Seek to understand the other person's emotions, their shoes and looking at the situation from their perspective.，who has just lost an important basketball game and is inactive.To engage him or her in the discussion and ，you may express your sympathy by, for instance, saying, “I understand how you feel ...” However, some issues may be complicated and you may be confused about why others feel the way they do.Only when you give serious consideration to their points of view will you be able to see what accounts for their emotions and empathize with them.You may not approve of their ideas but at least you will see where they are coming from, which means you can make adjustments to your own tone and choice of words accordingly. [课文对译] 虽然了解肢体语言至关重要，但是也不应轻视同理心的价值。通过设身处地地为对方着想，从对方的角度看待情况，从而试着理解对方的情绪。假设你正在和你的合作伙伴讨论一个项目，对方刚刚输掉了一场重要的篮球比赛，因而表现不积极。为了让他(她)专注到讨论中来，并且使你的沟通更为有效，你可以通过语言表达你的同感，比如对他(她)说，“我理解你的感受……”。然而，有些问题可能是复杂的，你可能会对其他人为什么会有那样的感受或行为感到困惑。只有当你认真考虑他们的想法时才能了解他们为什么有这样的情绪，并与他们产生共鸣。你可能不赞同他们的观点，但至少你会明白这些观点是从何而来，这意味着你可以相应地调整自己的语气和用词。 [难句破解] 句⑦　by后跟and连接的两个并列动名词短语作宾语。 句⑧　suppose引导条件状语从句，意为“假设，假如”。 句⑨　含有“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。 Effective communication will enable you to settle differences and disagreements appropriately and improve your interactions with others.Good communication skills will also help you build trust and gain respect, allowing relationships to become more positive and productive.So, get practising and good luck! [课文对译] 有效沟通会让你妥善处理不同意见和分歧，改善与他人的互动。良好的沟通技巧也会帮助你建立信任、赢得尊重，让人际关系变得更加积极且富有成效。所以，开始练习吧，祝你好运！ 课文2　Borrowed words (外来词) “The restaurant's fried tofu is delicious.” Is there anything special about this sentence? Well, all the words except “the” and “is” are borrowed from other languages! This comes as no surprise, given ，including Latin, Greek, French and Chinese.However, English is not alone in borrowing words from other languages — borrowed words can be found in almost all languages.For example, English words that are borrowed into the Chinese language include “bacon”， “tank” and “golf”． [课文对译] The restaurant's fried tofu is delicious.(这家餐厅的炸豆腐真美味。)这句话有什么特别之处吗？好吧，除了the和is之外，所有的单词都是从其他语言中借来的！这并不奇怪，因为英语已从300多种不同的语言中借用了词汇，包括拉丁语、希腊语、法语和汉语。然而，英语并不是唯一一种从其他语言引入外来词的语言——几乎所有语言中都可以找到外来词。例如，被借用到汉语中的英语词汇包括“培根(bacon)”、“坦克(tank)”和“高尔夫(golf)”。 [难句破解] 句①　given that意为“考虑到”，引导条件状语从句。 Word borrowing comes about when two cultures with different languages interact.This tends to happen when there is no suitable word for an object or idea in the native tongue.This phenomenon has been occurring for thousands of years.In the current age of globalization, when communications technology brings different cultures closer together，words are even more likely to be borrowed straight from the source language at a faster pace than ever before, especially those related to technological developments, such as “email” and “Internet”． [课文对译] 当不同语言的两种文化相互交流时，外来词就产生了。这种情况往往发生在当母语中没有合适的词来表达某个物体或某种想法时。这一现象已经延续数千年。在如今的全球化时代中，当通讯技术使得不同文化更加紧密地联系在一起时，词汇甚至更有可能会以前所未有的速度直接从原语言中被借用，特别是那些与技术发展相关的词汇，如“电子邮件(email)”和“互联网(Internet)”。 and it takes time before new words are integrated into everyday speech. At first, the borrowed word is only used by bilingual speakers.It then spreads to people who do not know the original language, and they will change the pronunciation to fit the way they speak, almost unknowingly.An example of this is the word “kung fu”， which refers to Chinese martial arts.This word comes from Chinese gongfu.Over time, the sounds that have been replaced with more familiar ones.The longer a borrowed word has even looks like the native language. [课文对译] 尽管借用外来词的速度已变得更快了，这个过程仍然是复杂的，而且新的词汇需要一段时间才能融入日常用语中。起初，外来词只被双语者所使用，然后这个词会传播到不懂原语言的人那里，并且他们会在几乎不知不觉中改变外来词的发音，使之适应自己的语言习惯。这一过程的一个例子就是“功夫(kung fu)”这个词，它指的是中国武术。这个词来源于汉语词汇“功夫(gongfu)”。随着时间的推移，难以发音的部分被更为熟悉的发音所取代了。一个外来词使用的时间越长，它听起来甚至看起来就越像本土语言。 [难句破解] 句②　and连接两个并列分句，前一分句中含有though引导的让步状语从句，后一分句中含有before引导的时间状语从句。 句③　that are difficult to pronounce为“主语＋ be＋adj.＋to do”结构。 句④　本句含有“the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...”结构，意为“越……，就越……”。 Borrowed words are an outcome of language development that can hardly be avoided, but some language communities oppose adopting words from other cultures.There are countries that make interventions to keep their native language pure in order to defend their identity.The French specifically have an official organization that creates new words in order to avoid borrowed words.Some languages have an extremely small number of speakers, such as the Native American Navajo language, used only by the members of the tribe.Under this circumstance, it becomes a matter of survival for the native language to reject outside influences. [课文对译] 外来词是语言发展中几乎难以避免的结果，但一些语言群体反对从其他文化引入词汇。有些国家为了捍卫自己的身份，对外来词采取干预措施以保持自己母语的纯正。法国人专门有一个创造新词的官方组织，以避免外来词。有些语言的使用者数量非常少，例如美洲印第安人的纳瓦霍语，只有这个部落的成员使用。在这种情况下，拒绝外来影响关系着母语的生存问题。 ，there are also other communities that readily welcome borrowed words.English, especially, is based on a mix of Latin, Greek and Germanic languages.The English－speaking community does not hesitate about absorbing foreign words into its daily vocabulary.In fact, there have never been any formal academic restrictions on new borrowed words.Borrowing words allows the language to continue to develop, them to share their experiences with new－found ease. novel ideas are spread and different beliefs are exchanged more conveniently and quickly. [课文对译] 虽然有些群体对语言之间的互借持悲观态度，但也有其他一些群体欣然欢迎外来词。尤其是英语，它是基于拉丁语、希腊语和日耳曼语的混合体。英语群体毫不犹豫地将外语词汇吸收到自己的日常词汇中。事实上，他们对新的外来词从来没有任何正式的学术限制。借用外来词使英语得以继续发展，使得其群体拥有一种更为有效的语言，让他们能够以新发现的轻松状态分享他们的经历。也正是通过那些外来词，新思想的传播以及不同的观念的交流得以更加便捷、迅速。 [难句破解] 句⑤　while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。 句⑥　enabling ...为现在分词短语在句中作结果状语，其中含有which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词language。 句⑦　含有强调句型：it is ...that，对介词短语through those words进行强调。 According to the linguist Edward Sapir，“It would be difficult to point to a completely isolated language ...” For better or for worse, the tendency to borrow words has never gone out of style.The more international and globalized the world becomes, the more language characteristics will be shared between nations and cultures. [课文对译] 语言学家爱德华·萨丕尔认为：“很难指出一种完全孤立的语言……”。不管是好是坏，借用外来词的趋势从未过时。世界越是变得国际化和全球化，不同民族和文化之间就会共享更多语言特征。 三、词汇记忆无诀窍，适时“回首”记得牢 1．react vi.　　　　　　 (对……)作出反应；有不良反应， 过敏；起化学反应 拓展|reaction n. 反应；回应 搭配 2．gentle adj. 温柔的；温和的；柔和的 拓展 3．encode vt. 把……编码； 把……译成电码(或密码) 4．mail n. 电子邮件；邮政；邮件 5．decode vt. 解(码)，破译(尤指密码) 6．feedback n. 反馈的意见(或信息) 7．competent adj. 足以胜任的，有能力的，称职的 拓展 8．obtain vt. 获得，赢得 9．suit vt. 满足需要；相配，合身 n. 套装，西装，西服 拓展|suitable adj. 合适的；适宜的 搭配 10．negotiate vi.& vt. 谈判；商定，达成(协议) 拓展|negotiation n. 谈判；协商 11．enterprise n. 公司，企业；规划，事业 12．straightforward adj. 坦诚的；简单的 13．fold vt. 折叠，对折；包，裹 n. 褶，褶层，折叠部分 14．friction n. 争执；摩擦；摩擦力 15．clarify vt. 使更清晰易懂，阐明 16．knowledgeable adj. 博学的，有见识的 拓展|knowledge n. 知识；学问；了解 17．empathy n. 同感，共鸣，同情 18．put yourself in sb.'s shoes 处于某人的境地，设身处地 19．sympathy n. 同情；赞同 拓展 20．account for sth. 是……的说明(或原因)； (数量上、比例上)占 21．empathize vi. 有同感，产生共鸣 22．approve vi.& vt. 赞成；批准，通过(计划、要求等) 拓展 搭配|approve of 赞成，赞同 23．tone n. 语气，腔调；风格，特色 24．gain vt.& vi. 获得；增进，增长；(从……中)受益 n. 好处，利益 25．gesture n. 手势，姿势；姿态，表示 vi.&vt. 做手势，用手势表示 26．precisely adv. 准确地，恰好地；细心地；正是，确实 拓展 27．vocabulary n. 词汇，词汇量 28．preference n. 偏爱；偏爱的事物 拓展|prefer vt. 更喜欢 搭配 29．jam n. 果酱；拥挤，堵塞 30．somewhat adv. 有点，有几分，稍微 31．taboo n. 禁忌，忌讳；禁止，避讳 32．embarrassed adj. 窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的 拓展 33．intention n. 　 意图，计划 拓展|intend vt. 　 计划，打算 搭配 34．correspond vi. 　 类似于；相一致，符合；通信 拓展 搭配 35．behave vi.& vt. 表现得体，有礼貌；表现 拓展|behaviour n. 举止，行为 36．tolerate vt. 容许，允许；忍受，容忍；能经受 拓展 37．kindergarten n. 学前班；幼儿园 38．recite vt. 吟诵；列举 拓展|recitation n. 朗诵；朗读 39．accent n. 口音，腔调；重音；着重点，强调 40．handwriting n. 手写，书写；笔迹，书法 41．fluent adj. (尤指外语)流利的，熟练的 拓展 42．cooperate vi. 合作，协作；协助，配合 拓展 43．cite vt. 提及，列举；引用，引述 44．broaden one's mind 拓展视野，开阔眼界 45．tofu n. 豆腐 46．bacon n. 咸猪肉，熏猪肉 47．tank n. 坦克；(贮放液体或气体的)罐 48．golf n. 高尔夫球运动 49．integrate vt.& vi. (使)合并；(使)加入 50．bilingual adj. 会说两种语言的；用两种语言(写)的 51．kung fu n. 功夫 52．oppose vt. 反对，抵制；与……对垒 53．intervention n. 干涉行为，干预 54．pure adj. 纯净的；完全的 55．tribe n. 部落 56．reject vt. 拒绝接受，不予考虑；不录用； 排斥，排异 拓展|rejection n. 拒绝，否决 57．pessimistic adj. 悲观的，悲观主义的 58．Germanic adj. 日耳曼语的；德国的 59．linguist n. 语言学家；通晓数国语言的人 60．tendency n. 趋势，趋向；倾向，偏好 拓展|tend vt. 易于，往往会 搭配|have a tendency to do sth.　 有做某事的倾向 61．skateboard n. 滑板 62．canteen n. 食堂，餐厅 63．sincerely adv. 真诚地，诚实地 拓展 64．slip vi. 滑倒；滑落；溜；陷入 n. 差错；纸条；滑跤 65．fence n. 栅栏，篱笆 66．contest n. 比赛，竞赛；争夺，竞争 vt. 争取赢得；争辩，就……提出异议 四、范文佳作多背诵，写作增分最实用 (一)单元写作任务范文背诵 写作话题　如何提高听力水平 假定你是李华，你的加拿大好友Chris正在准备汉语水平考试(HSK)。他感觉听力部分很难，请给他写一封邮件，内容包括： 1．就如何提高汉语听力水平提出建议； 2．祝他考试成功。 注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 [推荐范文] Dear Chris， I have heard that you are to participate in HSK, and I am so glad to help you in improving your listening skills.Here are some of my suggestions. To begin with, a partner is always your good choice, not only to share all the funny details in your life, but to help you practise your listening as well as speaking skills.What comes next is that you can find yourself some listening materials, such as Chinese songs, movies, or animations you like.Keep it in mind that perseverance is the key. I really hope you can succeed in your exam.Let me know if you need me, OK? I am looking forward to your good news. Yours， Li Hua (二)单元主题优美语段背诵 语段1　情绪描写之“悲伤” Wordlessly, Holly sat in the car on the way home.Upon arriving home, Holly sank slowly into the sofa motionlessly, crossing her fingers on her lap, with sorrow and regret written all over her tear－stained face.Half confused, half concerned, I softly asked her what was up.Hesitating for a moment, she murmured, “My little cat has been lost.” Meanwhile, large bright drops of tears rolled heavily down her cheeks. 霍莉一言不发地坐在回家的车里。一回到家，霍莉就慢慢地瘫倒在沙发上，一动不动，双手交叉，放在腿上，悲伤和遗憾写满了她泪痕斑斑的脸。我半是困惑，半是担心，轻轻地问她发生了什么事。她犹豫了一会儿，喃喃地说：“我的小猫丢了。”与此同时，大颗大颗晶莹的泪珠从她的脸颊上滚落下来。 语段2　场景描写之“友好互动” We sat with Leourn at the freshman girls' table.With love and faith, we decided to let her know that there were people who cared about her existence.We said “Hi” and tried to inspire her to engage herself in our conversation.To make her understand us better, we deliberately slowed down our English and used body language to get across our ideas when necessary.Gradually, she took her eyes off the floor and responded to us with smiles and small talk.In the end, she looked up at me with beautiful eyes and said in a whisper, “Thank You.” 我们和 Leourn一起坐在新生桌旁。带着爱和信念，我们决定让她知道有人关心她的存在。我们说了声“嗨”，并试图鼓励她参与我们的谈话。为了让她更好地理解我们，我们特意放慢语速，必要时用肢体语言来表达我们的想法。渐渐地，她把目光从地板上移开，用微笑和闲聊回应我们。最后，她用美丽的眼睛看着我，低声说：“谢谢你。” 五、主题集群阅读，拓展主题认知 时尚悦读　不一样的英语 Last week, our forum asked if you had any funny or strange stories about using English.We didn't expect to get so many posts! we learn in the classroom is rather different from the English in the outside world! Yancy Not true! I went to a summer school in Manchester and my English teacher was called Maggie.One day, a different teacher took our class.He told us that Maggie couldn't teach that day COZ she had a frog in her throat.Poor Maggie — but why did she try to eat such a big frog? Sophie At the information desk at the entrance, I asked a lady where the shoe section was.She said that it was on the first floor.So I went up to the first floor, but couldn't find any shoes.I decided to leave.When I was looking for the exit, I saw that shoes were actually sold downstairs on the ground floor, not the first floor.Why did she give me the wrong information? Julien I've got an English penfriend, who I finally got to meet in London this summer.He had told me that his grandfather was “really wicked”．But when I met his grandfather, I liked him a lot.I found it very odd.Why did my friend use a negative word about such a nice man? Zheng Xu The British must have really high standards.I was part of a student exchange programme between a university in England and my university in China.I spent days preparing and writing my first English paper.I knew I had done a good job and was looking forward to getting a positive comment.When I got the paper back, I found my teacher had written the comment “Not bad！” Not bad? But there weren't any errors in my paper. [难句破解] 句①　here放在句首，引起全部倒装；that引导宾语从句，从句中又含有省略关系词的定语从句 we learn in the classroom。 句②　that引导宾语从句，作say的宾语；what引导宾语从句，作介词with的宾语。 句③　when引导时间状语从句；to buy ...为不定式短语作目的状语。 [助读译文] 上个星期，我们在论坛里问大家在使用英语时有没有遇到过什么搞笑或者离奇的事情。我们没想到会收到这么多回帖！以下是我们最喜欢的几篇，它们让我们意识到，有些在课堂上学到的英语和在课堂之外使用的英语真是太不一样了！ 扬西 都说英国人吃东西很谨慎。才不是呢！我在曼彻斯特参加过一个暑期培训班，我的英语老师叫玛吉。有一天，另外一个老师来给我们代课。他说玛吉老师没法来上课，因为她的喉咙里卡了一只青蛙。可怜的玛吉老师——可是她为什么要吃那么大的青蛙呢？ 索菲 第一次去纽约的时候，我去市中心一家购物中心买冬靴。我在入口处问服务台的女士卖鞋的地方在哪里。她告诉我在二楼。于是我上到二楼，但是并没有找到鞋，所以决定离开。就在我找出口的时候，我发现鞋区是在一楼，不在二楼。她为什么告诉我错误的信息呢？ 朱利恩 我有个英国笔友，今年夏天我们终于在伦敦见面了。他以前跟我说他的爷爷“很邪恶”。可我一见到他的爷爷就很喜欢他。我觉得好奇怪。我的朋友为什么用一个贬义词来形容这么好的人呢？ 郑旭 英国人的标准一定很高很高。我在中国上的大学和英国一所大学有一个交换项目，我作为交换生到英国学习。我的第一篇英语论文，从准备到写作花了若干天时间。我知道自己写得很好，也期待着老师积极的评价。可是论文发下来后，我发现老师的评语竟然是“不算差！”。不算差？可是我的论文里什么错误也没有呀。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $