Unit 2 Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage 课时检测-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册配套练习word（译林版）

Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage [课时检测]　　　　　　　　　(标语篇配有教师讲评课件) Ⅰ.阅读理解 When Boeing's Starliner spacecraft docked with the International Space Station (ISS) in 2024, the two NASA astronauts on board discovered several minor faults in its propulsion system, leading to a much longer than expected stay on the ISS.This led to headlines about the astronauts being “stranded (滞留)” in space and a renewed interest in the subject of space rescue. Astronauts normally leave the ISS in the same vehicle they arrived in — and that's as true in the case of an emergency evacuation (疏散) as a routine departure.So any problem with the spacecraft — even a relatively minor one — is a potential worry.If the problem is considered to put the astronauts' lives at risk, then a replacement spacecraft will be sent up. The key to any kind of in－space rescue is the ability to connect two spacecraft together so astronauts can transfer quickly and safely from one to the other.This process is referred to as docking, and in principle can apply to uncrewed vessels as well as crewed (载人的) ones.However, when an uncrewed vehicle is involved, the procedure is more often referred to as “berthing” rather than docking.The difference is that a crewed spacecraft actively flies in and couples to the ISS, while an uncrewed one is grabbed by a robotic arm operated by an astronaut on board the station and then gently pulled in and attached to one of the external ports. In those early days, the Soviets and Americans developed their own systems for docking, but they soon realized that agreeing an international standard would make future space rescues much more practical.In 2010 the ISS member states — Russia, the United States, Japan, Canada and the European Space Agency (ESA) — formally agreed on an International Docking System Standard (IDSS)． This will apply to all future docking systems, and also covers berthing mechanisms.In docking mode, one vehicle — typically the visiting spacecraft, such as the Soyuz or Crew Dragon — takes an active role, while the other, usually the ISS itself, remains passive.Docking then proceeds in two phases, the first called “soft capture” and the second “hard capture”．Only after the second phase is complete are the two vehicles firmly locked together and it's safe for the crew to transfer from one to the other. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章从波音公司的“星际客机”出现故障导致两名宇航员在空间站长期滞留这一事件引入，主要探讨了太空救援。 1．Why is Boeing's Starliner spacecraft mentioned in paragraph 1? A．To analyze the cause of space rescue. B．To stress the significance of space rescue. C．To suggest another strategy of space rescue. D．To introduce more knowledge about space rescue. 解析：选D　推理判断题。第一段先描述了一起太空事故，第二段开始介绍关于太空救援的知识，因此作者在第一段中提到Boeing's Starliner spacecraft是为了引出“太空救援”这一话题，作者再就此对救援模式进行更加详细的解释。 2．What's the difference between docking and berthing? A．Docking is the earlier stage before berthing. B．Docking is safer than berthing in an evacuation. C．Docking is relatively active but berthing passive. D．Berthing isn't completed in the ISS like docking. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The difference is that a crewed spacecraft actively flies in and couples to the ISS, while an uncrewed one is grabbed by a robotic arm operated by an astronaut on board the station and then gently pulled in and attached to one of the external ports.”可知，docking指载人飞船通过主动飞入国际空间站进行对接，而berthing指无人宇宙飞船由机器臂抓入国际空间站停泊在固定地方，这个过程是被动进入，所以对接docking相对属于主动，而停泊berthing属于被动，C项描述准确。 3．What's the purpose for some countries to set International Docking System Standard? A．Advance docking remarkably and rapidly. B．Make docking consistently and effectively. C．Research docking systematically and completely. D．Avoid member states' faults totally and accurately. 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In those early days, the Soviets and Americans developed their own systems for docking, but they soon realized that agreeing an international standard would make future space rescues much more practical.”可知，在各个国家自行研究航空航天技术的情况下，达成统一的标准，会使对接进行得更加顺利。 4．What does “hard capture” mean? A．A crewed spacecraft actively flies into the ISS. B．The ISS itself usually remains passive when docking. C．An uncrewed spacecraft is pulled passively to the ISS. D．The two spacecraft connect together securely and strongly. 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段所描述的先后顺序可推知，soft capture是指飞船进入国际空间站的过程，而hard capture是指最后实现安全、牢固对接的过程，与D项描述相符。 Ⅱ.完形填空() As a child, I was crazy about flying.I spent hours watching birds fly, noting how the angle of their __5__ affected their flight.I would then waste tons of fresh printer paper, much to the disappointment of my parents, to __6__ various wing types by constructing paper airplanes. One day, I decided to __7__.I built a plane out of a wooden clothes rack, with plastic bags as parachutes (降落伞)．After being in the air for a second, the world came __8__ around me as I fell onto the bed with pieces of wood flying everywhere. As I grew older, my inner __9__ to discover why produced a desire to solve problems, allowing my great __10__ for flying to turn into a deep－seated love for engineering. I began to __11__ myself academically, taking the hardest STEM classes offered.I also elected to participate in my school's engineering path.__12__， I sought to solve problems that affect the real world.Inspired by the __13__ crisis in India, I __14__ a new purification system that can purify water more efficiently and cost－effectively than conventional plants. Working on the project, I saw the raw power of engineering — a(n) __15__ idea gradually becoming reality.I was spending most of my days __16__ the reasons behind things, while also discovering solutions to common problems. Thirteen years have passed since that first flight, and I have yet to __17__ the difficulty of physical human flight.My five－year－old self would have seen the crash as a huge __18__.But the great curiosity that I found in myself that day is still with me.It has continued to push me to challenge myself to __19__ ever more complex problems, absorbed in the promise and applicability of engineering. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者五岁时试图飞起来，结果失败了。这次经历让作者对飞行的热情变成了对工程的热爱。 5．A.eyes　　　　　　　　　 B．wings C．tails D．heads 解析：选B　根据后文的“various wing types”可知，作者观察的是鸟类的翅膀角度。 6．A.take off B．make up C．put on D．test out 解析：选D　作者通过制作纸飞机来测试各种机翼类型。 7．A.jump B．sing C．float D．fly 解析：选D　根据后文的“After being in the air for a second”可知，作者决定自己尝试飞行。 8．A.running B．burning C．crashing D．living 解析：选C　作者在空中待了一秒钟后，摔在了床上，木头碎片飞得到处都是。 9．A.doubts B．pain C．drive D．conflicts 解析：选C　根据后文的“to discover why produced a desire to solve problems”可知，作者想弄明白为什么的内在动力产生了解决问题的欲望。 10．A.passion B．sympathy C．patience D．praise 解析：选A　根据后文的“for flying to turn into a deep－seated love for engineering”可知，作者后来喜欢上了工程学。 11．A.convince B．behave C．relax D．challenge 解析：选D　此处表示，作者选修最难的STEM课程在学术上挑战自己。 12．A.By the way B．Most of all C．In other words D．Strange enough 解析：选B　此处表示，比参加课程更重要的是，作者试图解决影响现实世界的问题。 13．A.river B．water C．energy D．identity 解析：选B　根据下文的“a new purification system that can purify water”可知，此处表示，作者开发净水系统是受到印度用水危机的启发。 14．A.developed B．changed C．advocated D．informed 解析：选A　根据后文的“a new purification system”可知，此处指作者开发了一种新的净水系统。 15．A.abstract B．basic C．absurd D．main 解析：选A　此处表示，工程学是一门把抽象想法变成现实的学科。 16．A.remembering B．transporting C．questioning D．seeking 解析：选D　此处表示，作者寻找事情背后的原因，同时也在寻找常见问题的解决方案。此处和“discovering”为同义词复现。 17．A.announce B．reserve C．overcome D．register 解析：选C　根据后文的“the difficulty of physical human flight”可知，此处表示克服困难。 18．A.eruption B．failure C．honour D．enterprise 解析：选B　根据上文可知，作者五岁时曾试图飞起来，结果失败了。 19．A.record B．collect C．address D．accept 解析：选C　根据后文的“ever more complex problems”可知，此处表示“解决”更复杂的问题。 Ⅲ.语法填空(15分)() The world is in a climate crisis.We need to change how we get our power, which __20__ (mean) we need to end the use of fossil fuels, like oil and gas.The European Space Agency (ESA) has started on work that could provide __21__ (million) of homes with clean and reliable energy. __22__ was reported that a three－year project had been approved to test huge solar farms in space.These solar farms are expected __23__ (send) energy wirelessly from space into people's homes.An ESA spokesperson said one solar farm satellite could create the same amount of electricity __24__ a power station on Earth.She added that the satellites will be around 1.7 km in __25__ (long) and their aim is to have many of these giant satellites __26__ (place) in low Earth orbits.They could cut our use of fossil fuels and reduce energy shortages. The ESA project __27__ (call) Solaris.Josef Aschbacher, __28__ is currently the director general of the ESA, said that Solaris could be of great significance. “We humans are consuming large quantities of fossil fuels.We need to change the way we produce energy.We especially need to reduce the fossil fuel part of our energy production，” said Josef.“It would be __29__ (absolute) fantastic if we could do it from space.It would be a solution to lots of problems.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究计划：在太空中收集太阳能，并以无线方式传输到地球上。 20．means　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。设空处在非限制性定语从句中作谓语；陈述客观情况，谓语动词用一般现在时；which指代前面的整句话，从句谓语应用第三人称单数形式。 21．millions　考查固定搭配。millions of意为“数百万的”，为固定搭配。 22．It　考查it的用法。It was reported that ...“据报道……”，其中It是形式主语，that 引导的从句是真正的主语。 23．to send　考查非谓语动词。be expected to do sth.意为“被期待做某事”，设空处应用动词不定式。 24．as　考查介词。the same ...as ...意为“和……一样”，为固定短语。 25．length　考查名词。介词in后用名词形式。 26．placed　考查非谓语动词。have sth.done意为“让某事被做”，place与逻辑主语many of these giant satellites之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补。 27．is called　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。设空处为谓语，call与主语The ESA project之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；主语为第三人称单数，助动词应用is。 28．who　考查定语从句。Josef Aschbacher为先行词，指人，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，设空处应用关系代词who。 29．absolutely　考查副词。修饰形容词fantastic，应用副词作状语。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $