Unit 3 Fit for Life 阅读·久久为功-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册教师用书word（译林版）

本讲义围绕医学主题构建高中英语学习支架，涵盖主题名句积累、《The future is in our genes》与《Acupuncture: magic needles》两篇课文精读（含对译、难句破解）、83个核心词汇记忆、中医话题写作范文及克隆主题拓展阅读，形成“输入-内化-输出-拓展”的完整知识脉络。 该资料突出语言能力与文化意识培养，通过课文难句分析提升语言理解与表达能力，借助针灸内容渗透中医文化增强家国情怀。思维品质方面，结合基因组编辑伦理讨论引导辩证思考，课中辅助教师解析语言点，课后词汇表与范文助力学生查漏补缺，强化主题认知。

附：《阅读·久久为功》 一、背主题名句，写大气文章 1．(教材名句)The practice of medicine is an art, not a trade; a calling, not a business; a calling in which your heart will be exercised equally with your head.—William Osler 行医是艺术而非交易，是使命而非生意。在这个使命中，你要如用脑般用心。 ——威廉·奥斯勒 2．As doctors, we should be responsible for the patients and treat them as our sisters. —Lin Qiaozhi 作为医生，我们必须对患者负责，视她们如姐妹。——林巧稚 3．As long as life is precious, the occupation of a doctor is always much admired.—Emerson 只要生命是珍贵的，医生这个职业就永远备受崇拜。——爱默生 4．An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. 一分预防胜过十分治疗。 二、课文不厌百遍读，书中自有“黄金屋” 课文1　The future is in our genes (未来就在我们的基因之中) Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen.Thank you all for coming to this lecture.Over the course of my career, I have seen many wonderful scientific developments, but none are as game-changing as genome editing.I am full of excitement about the possibilities this scientific advance can bring ① and I hope to share my excitement with you today. [课文对译] 女士们、先生们，下午好。感谢各位来到本场讲座。在我的职业生涯中，我见证过许多了不起的科研成果，但没有一项能像基因组编辑一样具有颠覆性。我对这项科学进展能够带来的可能性兴奋不已，并且希望在今天与各位分享这份兴奋之情。 [难句破解] 句①　为省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词the possibilities。 As many of you may already know, genes play a critical role in shaping our lives.Everything from the colour of our eyes to our talent for maths depends on genes.The complete set of genes inside a cell or a living being is called a genome.Our own personal genome carries all the information needed to make us grow and develop.It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of contracting certain diseases.Some people, for example, carry a gene that makes them more likely to catch a certain virus or develop a particular form of cancer. [课文对译] 在座的很多人可能已经知道，基因对于塑造生命起着决定性作用。从眼睛的颜色到数学天赋，一切都取决于基因。一个细胞或一个生物体内的一套完整的基因就称为一个基因组。每个人自己的基因组都携带着各自生长发育所需的全部信息。基因组包含的信息也有助于决定我们寿命长短并影响我们罹患某种疾病的概率。比如，有些人携带的某个基因会使他们更易感染某种病毒，或是患上某种特定类型的癌症。 Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe ② genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention.It allows geneticists to make changes to the genome by correcting, adding, deleting or replacing specific parts of the genetic material.In the near future, geneticists hope to apply this technology to treat a wide range of health problems.Soon we may be able to use such treatments to restore a blind person's vision or give someone who was born deaf an excellent sense of hearing.Ultimately, this new technology might even make it possible to prevent diseases from ever developing by correcting abnormal ③ genes early on. Genome editing, serving as a new weapon in the fight against diseases, will lead to a fundamental change in our approach to health care. [课文对译] 遗传学家相信基因组编辑是治疗和预防疾病的一种有效手段，因此他们一直试图找出哪些基因与哪些疾病有关。基因组编辑使得遗传学家可以通过修正、嵌入、移除或替换基因材料的特定部分改变基因组。在不久的将来，遗传学家期待运用这项技术解决多种健康问题。也许我们很快就能用这些疗法帮助盲人恢复视力，或使先天性耳聋患者获得敏锐的听力。最终，这项新技术甚至有可能通过及早修正异常基因来预防疾病。基因组编辑技术作为对抗疾病的一种新武器，将从根本上改变我们的医疗保健方式。 [难句破解] 句②　identify后跟省略了that的宾语从句；as引导原因状语从句，从句中believe后跟省略了that的宾语从句。 句③　it作形式宾语，不定式短语to prevent diseases from ever developing为真正的宾语；by correcting abnormal genes early on作方式状语。 As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace, however, questions arise about how ④ to use it appropriately. Should we restrict our use of this technology to the treatment and prevention of diseases? Should we prohibit geneticists from using it to enhance healthy bodies? One day soon we will be able to use genome editing to increase the human resistance to colds and flu, to make people taller, to help their muscles develop faster, to sharpen all of their senses or to make them more intelligent.We will also be able to select specific characteristics for children ⑤ ⑤before they are born， creating what some have called “designer babies”. However, is this a good thing? What consequences might it have? Philosophers, geneticists and government officials have all started to wrestle with such moral issues.We have to figure out how to keep the technology from running wild.This means putting appropriate controls in place to make sure that ⑥ genome editing will work to our advantage. Without them, genome editing could be as dangerous as a car out of control. [课文对译] 然而，随着基因组编辑不断迅猛发展，如何恰当地利用这项技术成为了问题。我们是否应该将其应用限制在治疗和预防疾病方面？我们是否应该禁止遗传学家利用它来优化健康的身体？不久之后，我们将能利用基因组编辑技术提高人体对感冒和流感的抵抗力，也能让人长得更高、肌肉生长得更快，让人体的各种感官更加灵敏或者智商更高。我们也将能够在孩子出生前就为他们选择特定的特征，制造出有些人所谓的“设计婴儿”。但这是一件好事吗？会有什么后果？哲学家、遗传学家和政府官员都已着手设法解决这些道德问题。我们必须想办法防止这项技术失控。这意味着我们需要采取恰当的管制措施，以确保基因组编辑对人类有利。否则，它可能会像失控的汽车一样危险。 [难句破解] 句④　as引导时间状语从句；how to use it appropriately为“疑问词＋不定式”结构，作介词about的宾语。 句⑤　before引导时间状语从句；creating ...为现在分词短语作结果状语，其中又含有what引导的宾语从句。 句⑥　means后跟putting appropriate controls in place作宾语；to make sure that genome editing ...作目的状语，其中that引导宾语从句。 There is still much to be explored and debated on the subject of genome editing.Despite the public argument over this technology, its possibilities have been creating much excitement throughout the entire medical community and beyond.Without doubt, genome editing is one of the greatest inventions in the history of science.Thank you for listening. [课文对译] 对于基因组编辑这一话题，要探索和讨论的还有很多。虽然公众对这项技术存在争论，但它蕴含的可能性让整个医学界和外界都感到非常兴奋。毫无疑问，基因组编辑是科学史上最伟大的发明之一。感谢各位聆听。 课文2　Acupuncture: magic needles (针灸：神奇的针) One of the most famous Chinese medical treatments is the art of “magic needles”， or Chinese acupuncture.It was developed long ago, perhaps as early as 2000 BCE.There is evidence that acupuncture dates back to the Stone Age， when stone tools called bian were used to press areas of ① the body. [课文对译] 在最负盛名的中国医术中，有一种“神针”之术，即针灸。这种医术历史悠久，最早或起源于公元前2000年。有证据显示，针灸始于石器时代，当时一种名为“砭”的石器被用来按压身体部位。 [难句破解] 句①　that引导同位语从句；when引导定语从句，修饰先行词the Stone Age; called bian为过去分词短语作后置定语。 As acupuncture developed, the simple bian stones were replaced by stone needles.Eventually, metal needles began to appear and took the place of stone needles.These solid needles are made of different metals, such as gold and silver.Some acupuncturists today still use gold and silver needles, but the majority have now switched to stainless steel ones.In addition to the changes in material, the shapes of the needles have also changed over time.Originally，there were nine different kinds of needles, with variations in shape.Nowadays, the fine sharp needles that measure usually between 15 and 75 millimetres in length are still used， while most of the others have been replaced by more ② complex medical instruments. [课文对译] 随着针灸的发展，简单的砭被石针替代。最终金属针开始出现并取代了石针。这些实心的针由不同的金属制成，例如金和银。如今一些针灸师仍在使用金针或银针，但多数医师已经改用不锈钢针了。除了材质变化，针的形状也在逐渐改变。起初有九种不同类型的针，形状各不相同。现在针灸中仍在使用的是又尖又细、长度一般在15至75毫米之间的针，而大部分其他类型的针都被更复杂的医疗器械取代了。 [难句破解] 句②　that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the fine sharp needles; while引导并列句，表示对比，意为“然而”。 So what happens during a visit to the acupuncture clinic? First, the acupuncturist examines the patient, looking at the patient's skin and tongue， listening to the sound of his or her voice and ③ breathing， and, smelling his or her breath.Then the acupuncturist asks some questions about the patient's condition and feels his or her pulse.This is a particularly important step according to the energy theory behind acupuncture.The acupuncturist can check the pulse in three positions on each wrist, and every one of them is connected with a major body organ.By checking all the positions, the acupuncturist can find out which energy channel does not have enough energy . ④ [课文对译] 那么，去针灸诊所诊疗时会发生什么呢？首先，针灸师会对患者作一番检查，看一下患者的皮肤和舌头，听听讲话和呼吸的声音，再闻一下患者呼出的气息。接着，针灸师会就患者的身体状况问一些问题，然后搭脉。根据针灸背后的能量理论，搭脉这项步骤是尤为重要的。针灸师能够在每个手腕的三个部位检查脉象，每一处都对应身体的一个主要器官。检查过所有的部位后，针灸师便能知道哪条经络的能量比较弱。 [难句破解] 句③　looking at ..., listening to ..., and smelling ...是三个并列的现在分词短语在句中作伴随状语。 句④　which引导宾语从句。 According to the results of the check-up, the acupuncturist then selects certain points on the body called acupuncture points.Needles are pushed into the skin at these points so that a health ⑤ problem can be treated .Up to now, more than 360 acupuncture points have been identified, each linked to a different part of the body .Sometimes the needles are pushed into points near the body ⑥ part affected by a disease, and sometimes into points that are not so close to it. [课文对译] 根据诊断结果，针灸师随后会在患者身上选定一些针灸的点，这些点称作穴位。针从穴位推入皮肤，从而治疗一项疾病。目前为止已有360多个穴位被确认，每个穴位对应着身体的不同部位。下针的穴位有时在患病部位附近，有时又并不靠近。 [难句破解] 句⑤　so that引导目的状语从句。 句⑥　each linked to a different part of the body为独立主格结构。 Over the years, acupuncture has been used to treat a wide variety of health problems, including severe pains, blood pressure issues, stomach discomfort, sports injuries and weight problems.And it has been used to treat more than just physical problems — acupuncturists have discovered that the treatment helps with mental problems like depression and anxiety too.Acupuncture has also been applied to treat people who abuse alcohol, tobacco or drugs. [课文对译] 多年来，针灸被用来治疗各种各样的健康问题，包括剧烈疼痛、血压问题、肠胃不适、运动损伤和体重问题等。而且它不仅适用于治疗身体疾患——针灸师们发现这种疗法对抑郁、焦虑等心理问题也有效果。此外，针灸也用来治疗嗜酒、嗜烟、嗜毒人群。 How acupuncture actually works is not clearly understood.For example, there are different theories trying to explain how it eases pain, but no agreement has been reached.One theory explaining this phenomenon suggests that acupuncture blocks pain signals from reaching the brain.Another theory relates acupuncture to the production of a substance in the body which can reduce pain. [课文对译] 针灸究竟是怎样产生疗效的，这个问题尚不清楚。例如，有几种不同的理论试图解释针灸如何缓解疼痛，但至今仍然莫衷一是。一种理论认为这种现象源于针灸阻断了痛感信号向大脑的传导。另一种理论认为针灸促使身体产生了某种有镇痛作用的物质。 Despite the uncertainty about its medical basis, acupuncture has become a popular form of treatment.As a unique contribution of traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture spread to many other Asian countries, such as Japan, as early as the 6th century.It was introduced to the West around the 16th century.In 2010, acupuncture was included in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List.Today, acupuncture is recognized as a symbol of traditional Chinese culture and has come into widespread use around the world.The World Health Organization recommends acupuncture as a good treatment for over 100 medical problems.While doubts about its safety have gradually disappeared, interest continues to grow. [课文对译] 尽管其医学基础尚不明确，针灸已然成为一种广受欢迎的疗法。作为传统中医的一项独特贡献，针灸传播到了亚洲的许多其他国家，最早在公元6世纪便已传入日本。公元16世纪左右，针灸又传到了西方。2010年，针灸被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录。如今，针灸成为了中国传统文化的一个符号，并且在世界各地得到广泛应用。世界卫生组织将针灸推荐为百余种健康问题的良好疗法。关于其安全性的种种疑虑逐渐消失了，人们对它的兴趣正与日俱增。 三、词汇记忆无诀窍，适时“回首”记得牢 1．surgeon n．　　　　　 外科医生 2．physician n. 医师，内科医生 拓展 3．chemist n. 药剂师，药商；化学家 拓展 4．dentist n. 牙科医生 5．specialize vi. 专门研究(或从事)，专攻 6．gene n. 基因 拓展|genome n. 基因组，染色体组 7．game-changing adj. 改变游戏规则的 8．cell n. 细胞 9．being n. 生物；存在；身心 10．lifespan n. 寿命，有效期 11．affect vt. 影响；侵袭，使感染；深深打动 联想|effect n. 影响 12．contract vt. 感染(疾病)；与……订立合同(或契约) n. 合同，合约 13．virus n. (计算机程序中的)病毒 14．cancer n. 癌症；邪恶，毒瘤 15．identify vt. 找到，发现；确认，认出；显示，说明身份 16．relate vi.&vt. 联系，使有联系；叙述，讲述 搭配|relate to 涉及，与……相关 17．means n．(pl.means) 方法，方式；财富，钱财 搭配 18．delete vt. 删去，删除 19．restore vt. 恢复；修复；使复原，使复位 20．ultimately adv. 最终；根本上 21．abnormal adj. 反常的，畸形的 反义|normal adj. 正常的 22．weapon n. 武器，手段；兵器 23．fundamental adj. 十分重大的，根本的；基础的，基本的 n. 基本规律，根本法则，基础 同义|basic，essential 24．pace n. 发生的速度，节奏；步速；快节奏 vi.& vt. 来回踱步，走来走去；确定速度，调整节奏 25．arise vi. 发生，出现；(由……)引起，(因……)产生 26．restrict vt. 限制，限定；束缚，妨碍；约束，管束 拓展 27．prohibit vt. (尤指以法令)禁止；使不可能 搭配 28．resistance n. 抵抗力；抵制，反对；抵抗，反抗 拓展|resist vi.& vt. 抵制；反抗；抵挡 29．flu n. 流行性感冒，流感 30．characteristic n. 特征，特点 adj. 典型的，独特的 31．wrestle vi.& vt. 奋力对付，努力处理；摔跤 搭配|wrestle with 努力处理，全力解决 32．put sth. in place 准备就绪 33．debate vt.& vi. 讨论，辩论；仔细考虑，思考 n. 讨论，争论；辩论 搭配 34．without doubt 毫无疑问，的确 35．finding n. 调查发现，调研结果 36．ripe adj. 成熟的；时机成熟的 搭配|a ripe old age 高龄 37．withdraw vi.& vt. 脱离(社会)，不与人交往； (使)撤回；(使)退出；停止提供 38．equip vt. 配备；使有能力 拓展|equipment n. 装备，设备，用具 39．artificial adj. 人工的，人造的；人为的；虚假的 40．limb n. 肢，臂，腿 41．rubber n. 橡胶；橡皮 42．outgoing adj. 外向的 43．grateful adj. 感激的，表示感谢的 44．disabled adj. 有残疾的，丧失能力的 拓展|disability n. 缺陷，障碍 45．conventional adj. 传统的，习惯的；依照惯例的，遵循习俗的 46．leather n. 皮革 47．sensory adj. 感觉的，感官的 48．patent n. 专利，专利证书 adj. 有专利的，受专利保护的 49．fuel vt. 增加，刺激；给……提供燃料 n. 燃料 50．disturb vt. 使不安；打扰；搅乱 拓展 51．tackle vt. 应付，处理，解决 52．head-on adv. 积极地，果断地；正面相撞地 adj. 迎头相撞的；正面反对的 53．go to great lengths to do sth. 竭尽全力做某事，不遗余力做某事 54．adjust vt.& vi. 调整，调节；适应，习惯；整理 搭配|adjust to ... 适应于…… 55．centimetre n. 厘米 56．acupuncture n. 针刺疗法 57．needle n. 针；注射针；指针 58．evidence n. 证据，证明；物证，人证 vt. 证明，表明 拓展 59．date back to 追溯到，始于，自……至今 60．solid adj. 实心的；固体的；结实的；纯色的 61．switch vi.& vt. 转变；交换；调班 n. 开关，闸；转变，改变 62．stainless adj. 不生锈的 63．steel n. 钢；钢铁工业 64．millimetre n. 毫米 65．clinic n. 私人诊所；门诊部；门诊时间 66．examine vt. 检查，检验；审查，调查；考，测试；审问 67．tongue n. 舌头；语言 68．pulse n. 脉搏 vi. 搏动，跳动；洋溢着 69．wrist n. 手腕，腕关节 70．organ n. 器官；风琴；机构，机关 71．severe adj. 十分严重的，极为恶劣的；严厉的；艰难的 72．anxiety n. 焦虑；担心；渴望 拓展 73．abuse vt. 滥用；虐待，辱骂 n. 滥用；虐待；辱骂 74．alcohol n. 酒精，酒 75．tobacco n. 烟草 76．drug n. 毒品；药物 77．phenomenon n．(pl.phenomena) 　　现象 78．substance n. 物质；要点 79．symbol n. 象征；符号，代号 80．widespread adj. 分布广的，普遍的，广泛的 81．bandage n. 绷带 82．infection n. 传染，感染 拓展 83．department n. (医院的)科，部门，局，系 四、范文佳作多背诵，写作增分最实用 (一)单元写作任务范文背诵 写作话题　中医 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter对中医文化很感兴趣，发来邮件向你咨询。请回复邮件，内容包括： 1．简要介绍中医文化； 2．推荐央视的《中华医药》 (Traditional Chinese Medicine) 栏目。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 [推荐范文] Dear Peter， I'm so glad to know that you are interested in traditional Chinese medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine, which is an essential part of the health care system in most Asian countries, relies on natural products and has been playing a significant role in health protection and disease control for thousands of years.If you would like to learn more about it, I strongly recommend you to watch Traditional Chinese Medicine broadcast on CCTV-4 weekly, which introduces traditional Chinese medicine culture and advocates a healthy and scientific lifestyle.You can find it on www.cctv.com.Hopefully my introduction is helpful to your understanding of traditional Chinese medicine. Please don't hesitate to let me know if you have any question. Best wishes. Yours， Li Hua (二)单元主题优美语段背诵 语段1　了不起的医学生 When Miller and her students learned about the news, they were so proud.“I was just absolutely astounded，” Miller said.“It is so astonishing that Norwood should rescue her friend with the knowledge and skills she learned in such a short time.This is what every teacher dreams of.” Simmons was overwhelmingly touched by her friend and conveyed her sincere gratitude to Norwood, tears streaming down her cheeks.But for Norwood's quick thinking, she couldn't have been rescued and recovered so well.Brimming with pride and confidence, Norwood strengthened her determination to pursue a career in the medical field. 当米勒和她的学生们得知这个消息时，他们自豪极了。“我简直惊呆了。”米勒说，“诺伍德能在这么短的时间内利用她学到的知识和技能挽救她的朋友，真是太令人惊讶了。这是每个老师的梦想。”西蒙斯被她的朋友深深打动，她向诺伍德表达了真诚的感谢，泪水顺着脸颊流下。要不是诺伍德思维敏捷，她不可能获救，并且恢复得这么好。充满骄傲和自信的诺伍德坚定了她在医学领域追求事业的决心。 语段2　事故救援 Then I rushed to the school bus filled with children's cries.Inside were the frightened schoolchildren.Many of them appeared to suffer from minor cuts and bruises on their arms and bodies in the crash.The children were crying and screaming for their parents.It was really fortunate that nobody was badly hurt.By then a few adults entered the bus and together we instructed the children to come out of the bus slowly.We managed to calm them down.Soon, the rescue workers came to the scene. 然后我冲向校车，车上满是孩子们的哭声。里面是吓坏了的小学生。他们中的许多人在车祸中似乎手臂和身体上有轻微割伤和瘀伤。孩子们哭喊着要找自己的父母。幸运的是，没有人受重伤。这时，几个成年人上了公交车，我们一起指示孩子们慢慢下车。我们设法使他们平静下来。很快，救援人员来到了现场。 五、主题集群阅读，拓展主题认知 时尚悦读　克隆还是不克隆？ Cloning is the process of making an exact copy of a plant or animal and developing it either naturally or artificially.Natural cloning has been going on for generations.For example, gardeners have been using a form of cloning when they take a cutting from a plant and place it in a suitable medium, such as soil.Another example of natural cloning is identical twins, who are produced from the same egg. For years, there had been attempts to clone animals artificially.The first successfully cloned animal was a sheep named Dolly in 1996.At first, Dolly grew normally, but later she developed an illness that is more normally found in much older animals.She lived for six and a half years, only half the life of the sheep from which she was cloned.After Dolly, scientists have cloned more than 20 mammal species, including camels, cattle, deer, dogs, goats and mice.However, they have found a similar pattern of health problems with these other species as well.This has led to questions such as, “Will this be a major issue for all cloned animals？” “Will it continue to happen forever？”． In January 2018, the cloning of two long-tailed monkeys, Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua, was announced by Chinese scientists. They were the first­ever primates the order of mammals which ① include apes monkeys, and humans) to have been cloned! In comparison with other species, cloning primates has proved to be “much harder”， and doing so with non-reproductive cells was even more complicated.Dr.Sun Qiang, director of the research team, said they had been wholly devoted to the research and had been taking care of more than 1,000 monkeys 24 hours a day, 7 days a week for more than 5 years.There had been a number of failures before they eventually found a way to successfully clone a monkey The reason they worked so hard to break this technical barrier was to get animals with edited genes and. produce animal models that are helpful for ② medical research and human health. The successful cloning of primates has led to worldwide praise as a huge breakthrough that might lead to cures for various diseases and may also offer clues on how to prevent the aging process.With this technology, we have the potential to raise a large number of monkeys with identical genes in a short amount of time, and we can even change their genes to suit research needs.This could help save research time, reduce the number of animals required for testing, produce more accurate results, and lead to more effective treatments. Cloning, however, continues to be an issue that causes a great deal of disagreement and provokes strong emotions.While some people believe it is crucial for scientific advancement, others raise moral concerns.They believe it is bound to lead to cloning of other species, and they worry about the ethical questions this raises.For example, they wonder if clones should be treated as objects or as individuals with their own identity.Furthermore, clones may be viewed as mere copies of originals thus being seen as inferior.Finally, they worry that some organisations may abuse the technology for unethical purposes. So far， it is still unknown what will happen to Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua as they grow up. ③ Researchers insist that the science of cloning should be further explored and advanced.As Einstein said, “Science is a powerful instrument.How it is used, whether it is a blessing or a curse to mankind, depends on mankind and not on the instrument.A knife is useful, but it can also kill.” [难句破解] 句①　名词primates后采用了动词不定式的完成式的被动语态作后置定语。 句②　they worked so hard ...为省略关系副词why的定语从句，修饰先行词reason；不定式短语作表语，其中含有一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词models。 句③　it作形式主语，what引导的从句是真正的主语，其中包含as引导的时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。 [助读译文] 克隆是通过自然或人为的方式，对植物或动物进行精确复制、培育的过程。自然克隆由来已久。例如，园丁们从植物上截取一段，放在合适的培养基中(例如土壤)，就是一种克隆。自然克隆的另一个例子是同卵双胞胎，它们是由同一个卵子受精产生的。 多年来，人们一直在尝试人工克隆动物。第一只成功克隆的动物是1996年的克隆羊多莉。起初，多莉发育正常，但后来患上了一种疾病，这种疾病更常见于衰老的动物。多莉活了六年半，寿命只有母体绵羊的一半。继多莉之后，科学家已经克隆了20多种哺乳动物，包括骆驼、牛、鹿、狗、山羊和老鼠。然而，在这些物种的克隆动物身上科学家们也发现了与多莉羊相似的健康问题。由此引发了一些疑问，例如：“这会是所有克隆动物的主要问题吗？”“这个问题会永远持续下去吗？” 2018年1月，中国科学家宣布成功克隆两只长尾猴，中中和华华。它们是有史以来首次被克隆的灵长类动物(哺乳动物的一个类别，包括猿、猴子和人类)！与其他的物种相比，克隆灵长类动物要“困难得多”，而使用非生殖细胞克隆则更为复杂。研究小组的负责人孙强博士说，他们全身心地投入到研究中，5年多来每周7天，每天24小时照看1 000多只猴子。历经多次失败，最终找到成功克隆猴子的方法。他们之所以如此努力地要突破这一技术壁垒，是为了获得经过基因编辑的动物，研制动物模型，为医学研究和人类健康发展做贡献。 灵长类动物的成功克隆获得了全世界的赞誉，被认为是一项巨大的突破，从而为治愈多种疾病、延缓衰老提供线索。有了这项技术，我们就有可能在短时间内培育大量基因相同的猴子，甚至可以改变它们的基因，以适应研究需要。这有助于节省研究时间，减少实验所需动物的数量，使实验结果更准确、治疗方法更有效。 但是，克隆仍是一个会引起很多争议、激起强烈反对情绪的问题。尽管有些人认为这对于科学的进步至关重要，但也有人提出了道德方面的担忧。他们认为这项技术必将导致其他物种的克隆，担心由此会引发伦理问题。比如，他们提出克隆体是被当作物体还是具有独特个性的个体。而且，克隆体可能会被看作母体的副本，因此被认为更低等。最后，他们担心某些组织可能会出于不道德的目的滥用该技术。 到目前为止，我们仍不清楚中中和华华长大后会发生什么。研究人员认为，克隆科学应进一步得到探索与发展。正如爱因斯坦所言：“科学是一种强有力的工具。怎样使用它，究竟是给人类带来幸福还是带来灾难，完全取决于人类自己，而不取决于工具。刀子是有用的，但刀子也能杀人。” 77 / 104 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $