Unit 4 Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册教师用书word（译林版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语情态动词核心知识点，通过“语境中体悟”创设情境对话引入，系统梳理can/could、may/might等情态动词的基础用法，延伸至完成式等进阶内容，搭配“对点练”“应用中融通”等练习，构建从感知到应用的完整学习支架。 资料以情境化设计提升语言能力，如通过Mary就医对话直观呈现情态动词功能，对比辨析must/have to等培养思维品质，分层练习（短文填空、对话补全）助力课后查漏补缺，词汇拓展结合语法学习增强学习能力，课中辅助教学高效，课后便于学生自主巩固。

Section Ⅲ　　Grammar and usage 　　　(语法项目——情态动词) 语境中体悟 Mary couldn't/wasn't able to see clearly because of her injured eyes.① Her mother told her that she should go to see a doctor as soon as possible.② Her mother warned，“You may/might have poor eyesight if you don't take it seriously.”③ On arriving at the clinic, a doctor asked her，“Shall I examine you one hour later？”④ Mary replied that she would not be free then because she had to attend an important lecture.⑤ The doctor said，“Would you please come to examine tomorrow？”⑥ Mary replies that she must have time then.⑦ She told her teacher，“My eyes hurt and I need have an eye examination.”⑧ As expected, the teacher said，“Yes, of course you can.”⑨ [语法入门] 句①含有情态动词could/be able to，表示“能力”； 句②含有情态动词should，表示“责任与义务”； 句③含有情态动词may/might，表示“可能”； 句④含有情态动词shall，表示“征求意见”； 句⑤含有情态动词have to，表示“不得不”； 句⑥含有情态动词would，表示“请求”； 句⑦含有情态动词must，表示“肯定的推测”； 句⑧含有情态动词need，表示“需要”； 句⑨含有情态动词can，表示“许可”。 学案中理清 情态动词本身有一定的词义，通常与动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的看法或主观设想。 (一)can/could的用法 1．表示能力：can 表示一般性的能力或即将能做某事，could 表示过去的能力； 2．表示推测：can/could 一般用于否定句或疑问句中； 3．could 表示有礼貌地请求或建议，但回答时一般用 can； 4．can 可用于肯定句中，表示一种客观的可能性。 |名师点津|　can 常表示自身具有的能力(ability)，意思相当于be able to，但在一般过去时中，was/were able to 通常表示过去成功地做了某事，could 仅表示客观上有某种能力。 [对点练]　(选词填空：can/could/be able to) ①(2023·全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still be employed today to draw attention to important truths. ②—Can he be in the reading room now？ —No, he can't be in it.Because I saw him in the office just now. ③—Could I borrow your bicycle？ —Yes, you can./No, you can't. ④With hard work, he was_able_to get good grades. ⑤Accidents can happen on such rainy days. (二)may/might的用法 1．may表示征求对方的意见、允许、许可，might 比 may 的语气更加委婉； 2．may表示可能性，不用于问句中，表示的可能性比 can 小；might 既可指过去的可能性，也可指现在的可能性，表示的可能性比 may 更小。 [对点练]　(选词填空：may/might) ①—May I come in？ —Of course, you may. ②This pen may be Tom's. ③It may rain.You'd better take a raincoat with you. ④I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring. (三)shall/should的用法 1．shall用于第一、三人称作主语的疑问句中，表示征求意见； 2．shall用于第二、三人称作主语的陈述句中，表示命令、警告、允诺等； 3．shall用于正式文件、法律、规章制度中，表示规定； 4．should表示义务或责任，意为“应该，应当”； 5．should可表示推测，意为“按道理说应该”； 6．should还可表示惊讶、愤怒等情感，意为“竟然”。 [对点练] (1)选择下列句中 shall 表示的含义 A．允诺　　B．警告　　C．规定　D．征求意见 ①Mum, shall we go and see a film tonight？__D__ ②One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school.__C__ (2)选择下列句中 should 的含义 A．应该　　B．应该会，想必会　　C．竟然 ③Students should read the list with their parents, and select two activities they would like to do.__A__ ④It's strange that he should have taken the books without the owner's permission.__C__ (3)选词填空：shall/should ⑤Shall he come in or wait outside？ ⑥You shall hand in the report tomorrow. ⑦You should be careful when crossing the street. ⑧He should be there by now. ⑨I don't know why you should think that I did it. (四)must/have to的用法 1．must 表示非常有把握的推测，仅用于肯定句中； 2．must 表示命令或强烈的建议，意为“必须”，侧重主观意愿。 have to 也有“必须”的含义，但侧重客观需求，有时态、人称和数的变化，否定式是don't/doesn't have to, 意为“不必”，相当于needn't； 3．在回答must 的问句时，否定回答通常用needn't 或don't have to (mustn't 表示禁止)； 4．must表示说话人一种不希望的、不满的态度，意为“偏要，偏偏”。 [对点练] (1)选择下列句中加黑部分的含义 A．偏要，非要　　　　　　 B．必须 C．肯定 D．禁止，不允许 ①All the students must obey the school rules.__B__ ②My watch doesn't work.There must be something wrong with it.__C__ ③You mustn't stop your car in the busy street.__D__ ④Why must he go out in the bad weather？ __A__ (2)选词填空：must/have to ⑤You must be tired now. ⑥If you must know the secret, I can tell you. ⑦—Must I clean the room at once？ —Yes, you must./No, you needn't/don't_have_to. (五)will/would的用法 1．表示请求，will/would 主要用于第二人称作主语的疑问句中，would比will更委婉客气。 2．表示习惯性动作，will可以表示现在的习惯，意为“总是；习惯于”；would表示过去的习惯性动作。 3．表示意愿，will表示现在的意愿，would用于过去的情况，也可表示现在的意愿，但语气比will更委婉。 |名师点津|　used to do 也表示过去的习惯性动作，多用于非正式场合，且往往指后来不再进行的动作。否定形式是 didn't use to或 used not to。 [对点练]　(选词填空：will/would/used to) ①Will/Would you like a cup of coffee？ ②When he was abroad, on Sundays he would go to the park to play chess. ③She doesn't get up early as she used_to. ④You can stay here as long as you can, if you will do it. (六)dare与need的用法 1．need 意为“需要”，dare 意为“敢”，二者既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。 2．作情态动词时，没有人称和数的变化，直接接动词原形，多用于否定句或疑问句中，构成否定句或疑问句时不用助动词。 3．用作实义动词时，有人称和数的变化，可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句中，构成否定句或疑问句时要用助动词do/does/did。 [对点练]　(完成句子) ①He doesn't_need (不必) to do it now. ②You needn't (不必) come so early. ③She daren't (不敢) go out alone at night. ④He didn't_dare (不敢) to do it in this way. (七)情态动词的进行式、完成式和被动式 1．情态动词可以与实义动词的进行式合用，表示某动作正在进行。 2．情态动词可以与实义动词的完成式合用，表示过去发生的动作。情态动词的完成式常分为以下两种情况： (1)对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测 must have done “(过去)一定做了”；语气比较肯定；用于肯定句 may (might) have done “(过去)可能做了”；语气不确定；用于肯定句和否定句 can (could) have done 用于否定句和疑问句，表示怀疑或不确定 (2)表示与过去事实相反 could have done 过去本可以做某事但实际上没做 needn't have done 过去本不必做某事但实际上做了 ought to / should have done 过去本应该做某事但实际上没做 oughtn't to/ shouldn't have done 过去本不应该做某事但实际上做了 might have done 过去本可以做某事但实际上没做 　　 [对点练]　(完成句子) ①From what you said, she must_have_told you all about it. 从你所说的来看，她一定把一切都告诉你了。 ②You should_have_told me earlier or I might have gone with them. 你应该早点告诉我，不然的话我可能就会和他们一块儿去了。 ③They could_have_sent_up the satellite successfully. 他们本来可以成功发射这颗卫星的。 ④You ought_to/should_have_been more careful. 你本应该更小心一些的。 ⑤You needn't_have_told them about it. 你本来没有必要告诉他们那件事。 应用中融通 Ⅰ.根据汉语提示完成短文 Friendship is of great importance.Everyone ①needs_to_maintain_friendship (需要维持友谊). In all our lives we ②can't_live (不能生活) without friendship.But real friendship is not easy to come by.Jealousy ③will_spoil_friendship (会破坏友谊). Time goes by, and good friends ④may/might_be_lost (可能会失去). True friendship ⑤must_be_sincere (必须是真诚的) and be based on the understanding of each other.A good friend ⑥can_always_be_a_good_teacher (往往会是一位好老师) to us.A good friend ⑦should/ought to be kind and patient (应该是亲切而有耐心的). Therefore, the more true friends we have, the better we can improve ourselves. Ⅱ.选择合适的情态动词完成下面的对话 must, had better, should, have to, can't, would, needn't The bell for class just rang for the second time, but Tom didn't turn up.He ①should have arrived at school earlier because there ②would be a math test for the whole class that day.“I ③must find out what has happened to him，” thought his master teacher Mrs Green. So she called Tom，“Hi, Tom! Why don't you come to school today？” “My mother is ill, and I need to look after her at home.” “Your father should be at home, so you ④needn't stay at home to take care of her.” “But my father hasn't got back from work yet.I ⑤can't go to school until my father gets back.” “OK.But you ⑥had_better come here as quickly as possible, or you will ⑦have_to take another test if you fail this one.” 1．Teachers in particular can provide suggestions for interesting reading materials ... 老师尤其能对有趣的阅读材料提供建议…… ★particular adj.特别的，格外的；特指的；挑剔的 |用|法|感|知| •Our government attaches great importance to all aspects of development, education in particular. 我们的政府非常重视各方面的发展，尤其是教育。 •She's very particular about her clothes. 她对衣着特别挑剔。 归纳点拨 (1)in particular　　 尤其，特别 be particular about/over　对……讲究/挑剔 (2)particularly 尤其；特别(＝in particular) 语境串记 　　Betty is very particular about/over food.However, she likes the food cooked by her grandma in particular.Actually, her grandma is particularly good at cooking. 贝蒂很挑食。然而，她特别喜欢吃她奶奶做的饭。实际上，她的奶奶特别擅长烹饪。 |应|用|融|会| (1)单句语法填空 ①She has already tried her best.Please don't be too particular about her job. ②When you attend your friend's dinner party in China, you'd better behave properly, particularly (particular) paying attention to minding your table manners. (2)一句多译 这种食物营养丰富，特别是含有大量维生素。 ③This kind of food is rich in nutrition, and in_particular it contains a lot of vitamins. ④This kind of food is rich in nutrition, and particularly it contains a lot of vitamins. 2．The book's main character is Scrooge, a rich but mean old man. 这本书的主人公是斯克鲁奇，一个富有却吝啬的老人。 ★mean adj.吝啬的，小气的；不善良的，刻薄的 v．打算；意味着 |用|法|感|知| •Don't be so mean to her.After all, she is only a newcomer. 不要对她这么苛刻，毕竟，她只是个新手。 •Cooperation means working together for the benefit of all. 合作意味着为了所有人的利益而共同努力。 [归纳点拨] (1)be mean with sth.　　　 在……方面吝啬 be mean to sb. 对某人刻薄 (2)mean to do sth. 打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着…… |应|用|融|会| (单句语法填空) ①Missing the bus means waiting (wait) for another hour. ②I don't think people should make promises they don't mean to_keep (keep)． ③Don't be mean with fabric, otherwise curtains will end up looking skimpy. 3．On Christmas Eve, he is transported to different points in his life by three spirits. 在圣诞节前夕，三个精灵把他带到了人生的不同阶段。 ★transport vt.运输，运送n.交通运输系统；交通车辆；运输 |用|法|感|知| ·Moreover, compared with other means of transport, it's much safer to go to school on foot. 此外，与其他交通方式相比，步行上学更安全。 ·If this bridge can't be repaired, it will mean no food will be transported to the flooded areas. 如果这座桥不能修复，就意味着没有食物可以运送到受灾地区。 [归纳点拨] (1)public transport　　　 公共交通 (2)be transported to 被运送到 (3)transportation 交通运输系统 |应|用|融|会| (单句语法填空/完成句子) ①The city is providing free transportation (transport) to the stadium from downtown. ②The extra money could be spent on improving public_transport. 多余的资金可以用于改善公共交通。 ③The heavy construction equipment was_first_transported_to that place where workers would reach a week later. 重型建筑设备首先被运送到工人一周后到达的地方。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $