精品解析：2025-2026学年江苏省南京外国语学校八年级下册3月测试卷

南京外国语学校 2025—2026学年度第二学期初二年级阶段练习 英语试题(卷) 试卷总分：100分 考试时间：100分钟 卷I 客观题(满分50分) Please put your answers by filling in the correct boxes with 2B pencil on the multiple choice answer card. (请将以下选择题的答案用2B铅笔填在答题卡上。) I. Multiple choice(1%×20=20%) 1. ________ prize for the winner of the English speech competition is ________ one-week holiday in the UK. A. The; 不填 B. A; 不填 C. A; the D. The; a 2. Which of the following is a proper English headline for the event shown in the picture? A. When West Meets East: NFLS Hosts 39th Foreign Language Festival B. The 39th Foreign Language Festival Was Held in Our School Yesterday C. The Cultural Exchange Show Will Be Held in the School Hall Tonight D. East Meets West: A Celebration of Chinese and Western Cultures 3. Was it about 1, 400 years ago ________ the famous Zhaozhou Bridge in Hebei was built? A. until B. that C. before D. when 4. She agrees ________ Jack about reading ________ books before the exam to improve her understanding of the subject. A. with; a number of B. to; a number of C. with; the number of D. to; the number of 5. They each ________ to follow the storm to do their research and act ________, taking careful notes to compare their findings later. A. decide; lonely B. decides; alone C. decide; alone D. decides; lonely 6. It was ________ back home after a whole day of tiring work at that start-up technology company. A. not until midnight that he went B. until midnight that he didn’t go C. not until midnight did he go D. until midnight when he didn’t go 7. More and more exhaust fumes, ________ by too many cars on the road, ________ air pollution in the city. A. causing; has increased B. caused; has increased C. causing; have increased D. caused; have increased 8. Look at the map. Tuvalu, a small island country in the Pacific Ocean, is about 3,000 kilometers ________ of ________. A. northeast; Hawaii B. southwest; New Zealand C. northeast; New Zealand D. southeast; Hawaii 9. China, about 9.6 million square kilometers ________ size, is over ________ from Mohe in the north to Hainan in the south. A. by; 5,000-kilometer-long B. in; 5,000-kilometer-long C. by; 5,000 kilometers long D. in; 5,000 kilometers long 10. Isaac Newton was the first scientist ________ the laws of motion in ________ Great Britain. A. to explain;/ B. to explain; the C. explaining;/ D. explaining; the 11. Aldabra is one of the most important marine (海洋) ________ reserves in the world, and the fish there ________ keep the ecosystem healthy. A. nature; helps B. natural; help C. nature; help D. natural; helps 12. Which of the following has the same sentence structure as the one below? It is fair to give Anna the prize in the painting competition. A. A healthy baby usually weighs 6lbs or more. B. The ceremony helps a teenager become an adult. C. Our teachers always offer us some useful advice. D. We stayed home for dinner to celebrate my birthday. 13. There were ________ few people at the park that we could run around freely, and it was ________ good fun playing games together. A. so; so B. such; so C. such; such D. so; such 14. The students practice on the field, ________ for the school sports meeting that will ________ next week. A. preparing; happen B. prepare; happen C. preparing; take place D. prepare; take place 15. — It seems almost impossible that the forest fire in the national park could be stopped, ________ it? —________, it’s not easy to stop it even with enough resources and effort. A. does; Yes B. doesn’t; Yes C. does; No D. doesn’t; No 16. It is when they make friends and face challenges ________ students get to know ________ school life is really like. A. that; what B. that; how C. before; what D. before; how 17. —Helen, I have a surprise for you! —I ________ you ________ to bring me a ticket to my favorite band’s concert! A. never think; are going B. never thought; were going C. didn’t think; are going D. haven’t thought; were going 18. Which of the following sentences has a different sentence structure? A. Jerry found the movie quite boring during the trip. B. They can get a teenager to do the job for less money. C. The police found the lost child safe and well at last. D. Not everybody in our class thinks it is a great idea. 19. —Dad, I found a pair of sunglasses at the beach. —Did you ask ________? A. whose the sunglasses is B. that who the owner of the sunglasses is C. whom did the sunglasses belong D. who the sunglasses belonged to 20. — Many houses fell down in the earthquake. I can’t believe how much money was spent building those houses. — ________ What matters is how we can help the people who lost their homes. A. Tell me about it. B. That’s not the point. C. It’s not a big deal. D. What do you reckon? II. Cloze test (1%×15=15%) I’m delighted to be here at the Royal Society to give this speech. Now, I’m ____21____ about the power of technology to make life better for everyone. ____22____, the easy speech for me to give would be to tell you about the incredible opportunities before us. Just this morning, I was at Moorfields Eye Hospital. They’ re using AI to build a model that can look at a single picture of your eyes, and not only diagnose (诊断) blindness, but also ____23____ heart attacks, strokes (中风) or Parkinson’s (帕金森病). And that’s just the ____24____. I do believe that technologies like AI will ____25____ a change as far-reaching as the industrial revolution, the coming of electricity or the ____26____ of the Internet. As with every one of those waves of technology, AI will bring new knowledge, new opportunities for economic (经济的) growth, new advances in human capability (能力) and the chance to solve problems that we once thought beyond us. But, like those ____27____, it also brings new dangers and new fears. So, the responsible thing for me to do—the ____28____ speech for me to make—is to face those ____29____ head-on, giving you the peace of mind that we will keep you safe while making sure you and your children have all the opportunities for a better future that AI ____30____ bring. Doing the right thing, not the easy thing, means being ____31____ with people about the risks from these technologies. So, I won’t hide them from you. That’s why today, for the first time, we’ve taken the highly unusual step of ____32____ our analysis on the risks of AI. These reports provide a serious warning. Get this wrong, ____33____ AI could make it easier to build chemical or biological weapons. Criminals could use AI to spread fear and destruction on an even further scale. They could use AI ____34____ cyberattacks (网络攻击), disinformation, fraud (欺诈) or even child sexual abuse (性侵害). And in the most unlikely but extreme cases, there is even the risk that humanity could ____35____ AI completely through the kind of AI sometimes referred to as “super intelligence”. So, while embracing AI’s potential, we must also be aware of the very real dangers it presents. 21. A. worried B. curious C. upset D. positive 22. A. However B. Instead C. Still D. So 23. A. treat B. predict C. cause D. prevent 24. A. example B. story C. beginning D. fact 25. A. bring B. welcome C. observe D. experience 26. A. development B. end C. risk D. birth 27. A. chances B. factors C. tools D. waves 28. A. successful B. right C. easy D. difficult 29. A. speeches B. opportunities C. possibilities D. fears 30. A. must B. can C. shouldn’t D. needn’t 31. A. honest B. polite C. strict D. patient 32. A. publishing B. making C. reviewing D. questioning 33. A. for B. but C. and D. or 34. A. as B. with C. against D. for 35. A. lose sight of B. lose track of C. lose touch with D. lose control of III. Reading comprehension (1%×15=15%) A Career Watch: As a forensic scientist (法医), you help solve crimes. What’s the scariest situation you have found yourself in while working on a case? David: Actually, my job is very safe. I work right here in this lab. I analyze (分析) data and materials. I hardly ever visit the crime scene. In fact, the most dangerous part of my job is the chemicals I use to develop (提取) fingerprints. Career Watch: On television, forensic scientists are often shown at crime scenes or running after criminals. Are you saying your job isn’t like that? David: That’s right. All the drama on TV is meant to make the shows more interesting. But the jobs of crime scene investigators (调查员) and forensic scientists are very different. Investigators bring in all the evidence (证据), and I work to piece it together in the crime lab. Career Watch: Tell us about some of the tools and materials you work with every day. David: Our lab has different stations for different tasks. We have chemicals and machines that can analyze DNA, fingerprints, hair, and other evidence. Today, I’m putting together a complete fingerprint from a messy sample that the investigators found at the crime scene. Career Watch: On TV shows, forensic scientists use fancy computer equipment such as facial recognition software, 3-D displays of crime scenes, and giant computer screens. Is that true? David: Well, we do have high-tech equipment, but it’s not exactly as you see on TV. Studying evidence isn’t nearly as quick and easy as Hollywood makes it seem. 36. Which of the following is part of David’s job? A. Visiting crime scenes often. B. Piecing together evidence in the lab. C. Bringing in all the evidence. D. Running after criminals. 37. The main purpose of this interview is to show ________. A. what the daily work of a forensic scientist includes B. how to become a forensic scientist in real life C. why forensic work on TV looks more interesting D. that the job of a forensic scientist is not dangerous 38. What is the difference between forensic work in real life and that on TV? A. Dramas on TV use real crime scenes. B. Forensic scientists on TV run after criminals. C. High-tech equipment is only used by forensic scientists on TV. D. Crime labs on TV have different stations for different tasks. 39. What does David mean by saying“Studying evidence isn’t nearly as quick and easy as Hollywood makes it seem.” in the last sentence? A. The job is more dangerous than it looks on screen. B. Hollywood makes the job seem too simple and fast. C. He wishes his job were more like TV shows. D. He wants to have the fancy equipment that is shown on TV. 40. The interview most likely appears ________. A. in a magazine about interesting jobs B. on a website about popular TV shows C. in a guide for new forensic scientists D. in a news report about a crime B ①In the classic “rubber hand” illusion (错觉), a participant is tricked into experiencing a fake (假的) arm on the table in front of them as their own: their brain “feels” the touch of a feather or other things they see touching the fake arm. (The real arm is behind a board.) Until now, only some mammals (哺乳动物), such as humans and mice, were known to be influenced by this illusion. But a recent study shows that octopus (章鱼) brains can be tricked in the same way, adding another new finding to what we know about these creatures’ inner lives. ②First the scientists placed an octopus in a water tank where it could relax on a soft surface similar to the seafloor. Then they put up a board that covered one of the octopus’s arms and left a fake one that can be seen instead. “It was important to make the rubber arm look like the octopus’s real arm because in the human experiment, the illusion does not happen if the fake hand is shaped differently from the real human hand,” says study lead author Sumire Kawashima, a biologist at the University of the Ryukyus in Japan. ③Next the researchers gently touched the real and the fake arm with small sticks at the same time. After about eight seconds, they went on touching only the fake arm. All six octopuses reacted to the fake arm’s stimulation (刺激) with defensive (防御的) responses such as escape movements or body color changes. But when the experimenters tried different ways such as touching only the fake arm or touching the arms at different times, the octopuses“were not surprised at all,” says study co-author Yuzuru Ikeda, also a biologist at University of the Ryukyus. ④The findings suggest octopuses can be tricked by the same illusion as humans—and thus may have a sense of body ownership like we do, the researchers say. This is an interesting result in itself because such ability is also one of humankind’s “very advanced abilities,” Ikeda says. ⑤“I hadn’t seen anything like this before,” says Kristin Andrews, an expert who studies animal minds. She says the study seems to offer evidence that octopuses are “self—conscious” or aware of (意识到) their bodies, although “we can’t simply think that octopuses have the same natural belief in a separation (区别) between a core (核心的) self and the body that humans seem to have. They might see the world in a very different way.” 41. What did scientists do before starting the main experiment? A. They placed octopuses in a dry tank. B. They let octopuses rest on a soft surface. C. They covered all arms of the octopuses. D. They prepared a rubber arm that could change colors. 42. Why was it important to make the fake arm look real? A. To make the octopuses feel relaxed and safe. B. To help the octopuses recognize their own arms. C. To prevent the octopuses from becoming scared or nervous. D. To make the octopuses mistake the fake arm for the real ones. 43. According to the experiment, what can we infer about the octopuses? A. They may have a sense of body ownership. B. They see the world in the same way as humans do. C. They only reacted when both arms were touched at the same time. D. All the octopuses showed defensive responses in different test conditions. 44. What is the best title for the passage? A. Testing Octopus Arms B. Octopus Illusion C. Animal Self—Consciousness Proved D. How octopus’s brain works 45. What might be the structure of this article? A. B. C. D. C [The following is an excerpt from Klara and the Sun by Kazuo Ishiguro. The novel talks about an AI “Friend” Klara who believes the Sun can heal her sick human friend.] When we were new, Rosa and I stayed in the middle of the store, near the magazine table. From there we could see part of the window and watch the outside world—people passing by, taxis, tourists, Beggar Man and his dog, and the lower part of the RPO Building. Later, after we got used to the store, Manager let us walk to the front behind the shop window. From there we could see how tall the RPO Building was. And if we were there at just the right time, we would see the Sun crossing between the buildings. When I was lucky enough to see him, I’d move my face forward to take in as much of his nourishment (滋养) as I could, and if Rosa was with me, I’d tell her to do the same. After a minute or two, we’d have to return to our places and when we were new, we worried that because we couldn’t see the Sun from the middle of the store, we’d grow weaker. Boy AF Rex, who was next to us, told us not to worry. He pointed to the floor and said, “That’s the Sun’s pattern right there. If you’re worried, you can just touch it and get strong again.” There were no customers then. Manager was busy, and I didn’t want to bother her. So I took a quick look at Rosa. When she looked back with no expression, I stepped forward, bent down and reached out to touch the Sun’s pattern (图案). But as soon as I touched it, the pattern was gone. I tried everything—patting (拍打) the spot, rubbing (摩擦) the floor—but it wouldn’t come back. When I stood up, Rex said, “Klara, that was greedy (贪婪的). You took all the nourishment for yourself. Look, it’s almost dark.” “I’m sorry,” I said. “I didn’t mean to.” “Because of you,” Rex said, “I’ ll become weak by evening.” “You’ re joking,” I said. “I’m not. I could get sick right now. And those AFs in the back? They’re already not well. They’ll get worse now. You were greedy, Klara.” “I don’t believe you,” I said, but I was no longer sure. I looked at Rosa—her face was still blank. “I’m feeling sick already,” Rex said. “But you just said the Sun always reaches us. You’re joking.” In the end, I made myself believe Rex was joking with me. But I sensed I had made him bring up something uncomfortable – something most AFs preferred not to talk about. Not long after, that thing happened to Rex. It made me think that even if he had been joking that day, part of him had been serious too. 46. Why did Klara decide to touch the Sun’s pattern on the floor? A. Because she wondered if Rex was right. B. Because Rosa asked her to do it. C. Because Manager told her to do it. D. Because she wanted to play a trick on Rex. 47. What does the underlined word “blank” most likely mean? A. Showing doubt. B. Showing worry. C. Showing sadness. D. Showing no emotions. 48. According to Boy AF Rex, what was Klara’s mistake in this situation? A. She left her place without asking the Manager. B. She took in all the sunlight for herself. C. She touched the pattern without permission. D. She made the Sun disappear from the store. 49. How did Klara’s attitude toward Rex’s words change during the story? A. At first, Klara didn’t believe Rex, but later she thought some of his words might be true. B. Klara always thought Rex was joking and never took his words seriously. C. Klara went from being worried about Rex to not caring about him anymore. D. Klara got really scared of what Rex said and stopped thinking about whether it was true. 50. What does the last sentence suggest about “that thing” that happened to Rex? A. It was a fortunate event that Rex had been hoping for. B. It was a common problem that few AFs experienced. C. It was related to the unspoken fear of weakness that AFs shared. D. It was a direct result of Klara taking the Sun’s nourishment for herself. 卷 Ⅱ 主观题(满分 50 分) Please write the answers on the answer sheet. (请将此卷答案写在答题纸上。) IV. Vocabulary A. Complete each sentence with proper words. The first letter of each word is given. (0. 5%×18=9%) 51. The hikers walked for hours, but the mountain seemed so far in the d ________ that they wondered if they’d ever reach the top before sunset. 52. N________ energy can help create clean electricity, but it can also produce waste that needs to be stored carefully. 53. There are many active v________ around the world, especially in places like Japan and Iceland. People in these areas must be prepared for danger. 54. The sun is the main s________ of energy for our planet, providing light and heat to help plants grow and keep the Earth warm. 55. Thanks to modern technology, this year’s potato h________ was the largest in the village’s history. Machines helped the farmers collect everything quickly. 56. After strong earthquakes, t________ can happen and travel across the ocean at high speed. People in coastal (海滨的) areas must be ready to move quickly to stay safe. 57. As soon as the chef dropped a piece of steak on the floor, ants were seen s________ out from a small hole in the corner of the kitchen. 58. The storm caused a lot of d________ to the trees in the park, with many branches broken and fallen all over the ground, making it hard to walk through. 59. H ________ can be very dangerous because they bring strong winds and heavy rain, often causing floods. 60. The charity works hard to fight h________ in poor villages by providing meals and teaching families how to grow their own vegetables. 61. The sea became r________ during the storm, and the waves were high and strong. 62. I________ bring new ideas, food, and traditions that make the country more interesting and colorful. 63. I had to r________ the invitation to the party because I was sick and needed to rest at home. 64. They got lost in the forest for hours, but they followed the river and e________ found their way back home. 65. Can you i________ what it would be like to live on another planet, with different animals and plants? 66. We haven’t decided where to go for the coming vacation. Perhaps we will go s________ warm and interesting. 67. The basketball team scored eighty points a________ in last night’s game, breaking their previous (先前的) record for a single match. 68. Many i________ play important roles in nature, such as helping plants grow or acting as food for other animals. Without them, the environment would be very different. B. Complete the sentences with the proper forms of the given words. (0. 5%×10=5%) 69. Without enough oxygen or water, the surface of the moon is completely ________ for humans to live on. (habitable) 70. Traffic jams happen ________ in the morning than in the afternoon near our school, especially on rainy days. (frequent) 71. Air pollution in big cities ________ people’s health, causing serious problems like lung diseases and heart problems over time. (threat) 72. Have you seen any good movies ________? My friend recommended a new film that came out last week. (recent) 73. Tom’s eyes widened with a ________ look as he heard footsteps behind him in the quiet hallway, his body frozen, unsure whether to turn around or keep walking. (frighten) 74. The basement of the house was ________ last night because of the broken pipe, and the family had to clean up the mess. (flood) 75. Compared with the old one, the new smartphone model is much ________, making it easier to carry in pockets or small bags. (tiny) 76. My suitcase ________ 24 kilograms, but the airport’s ________ limit was 23 kilograms, so I had to take some things out. (weigh) 77. The internet allows people to communicate ________, making it easier to connect with friends and family from different countries. (global) V. Complete the sentences with the proper forms of the given verbs. (0. 5%×12=6%) 78. It was the news about the celebrity’s sudden death that ________ (shake) the whole nation. 79. According to Chinese culture, we don’t allow ________ (tidy) the room until the fifth day of the first lunar month because it is believed to take away good luck and wealth. 80. Since getting a puppy, I ________ (wake) up at 6 a.m. every morning by its barking. 81. We were told that the hiking ________ (hold) during the Spring Break this year. 82. You need to return my book next week since you ________ (keep) it for almost a month. 83. The lost hikers ________ by a helicopter after spending three cold nights alone in the mountains. (rescue) 84. My gym clothes ________ (not wash) well, losing their colour really fast. 85. —Has the child been found yet? —Luckily, yes. It turns out that the boy ________ (hide) in a room, with nothing but an old blanket to keep him warm. 86. ________ (dress) in a school uniform, the students looked neat and tidy. 87. When the new library ________ (finish) next year, students will have a modern place to read and study. 88. He saw that a boy ________ (beat) by some bad guys when he passed the room. 89. With their main bridge ________ by the storm, the villagers had to use boats to transport food and medicine. (destroy) VI. Choose a proper phrase to complete each sentence and change the form if necessary. There is an extra one. (1%×5=5%) be more responsible for be in danger of get together live on one’s own take in take care of In the Yangtze River, young finless porpoises (江豚) often ____90____ after leaving their mothers. In 1996, researchers ____91____ to watch them and check their health. Over the past years, some of these porpoises ____92____ as members of a special program to protect them from the changing river environment. If the environment keeps getting worse, these porpoises may ____93____ losing their home. Scientists say that while factories cause some problems, people ____94____ the problem than they often realize, because daily actions can hurt the river. VII. Complete each sentence according to the Chinese given. (0. 5%×20=10%) 我们的星球如今正面临着严峻的环境挑战。人类活动产生的温室气体排放年复一年地增加。此外，在东非，沙漠蝗虫的数量已经失控。它们迅速吃掉庄稼，确实给当地农民带来了问题。许多家庭失去了食物和收入。难怪全世界越来越多的人呼吁采取行动。为了改变这种情况，许多国家已经开始共同努力。虽然挑战很大，但我们已经取得了一些进展。在过去的几年里，我们已经将一些主要行业的污染减少了五分之二。虽然长路漫漫，但至少我们正朝着正确的方向前进。 Our planet is facing serious environmental challenges today. The ____95____ from human activities have been increasing year after year. Besides, in East Africa, the number of ____96____ has grown out of control. They eat crops very quickly and they ____97____ local farmers. Many families lose their food and income. It’s ____98____ that more and more people around the world are calling for action. ____99____, many countries have started to work together. Although the challenges are big, we have made some progress. In the past few years, we have cut down the pollution from some major industries by ____100____. There is a long way to go, but ____101____ we are moving in the right direction. VIII. Task—based reading (1%×10=10%) Chinese Astronauts Train in Caves to Prepare for Space Dark, cold and wet, a cave deep in the mountains of Wulong District, Chongqing, welcomed special visitors in winter. From December 2025 to January 2026, 28 astronauts joined China’s first cave—training mission (任务), reported Xinhua. They were divided into four teams, with each team spending six days and five nights in the cave while carrying out tasks such as scientific research and basic life—support work. The cave environment shares many similarities with space. Astronauts are separated from the outside world, have very little room to move and have limited privacy or physical comfort. These conditions can be copied in special training areas, but nothing is better than the real experience and unexpected challenges of a natural cave, according to Beijing Daily. Inside the cave, the temperature stays at an average of about 8℃, and the humidity (湿度) reaches up to 99 percent. The cave has many narrow passages and steep (陡峭的) rock walls, pushing astronauts to their physical limits. Sudden dangers, such as falling rocks or getting lost, help astronauts improve their quick—thinking and decision—making skills. Cave training also helps astronauts develop mental strength. Jiang Yuan, a psychological trainer for the astronauts, entered the cave herself during the early planning stage. “The biggest challenge for me was the darkness, ” Jiang told Xinhua. “I lost track of time, my memory started to blur (模糊) and my reactions slowed down.” Zhu Yangzhu, an astronaut who joined the cave training, also mentioned the strange quietness. “We could hear our own heartbeat and breath, ” he told CGTN after coming out of the cave. Humans are active during the day and enjoy social contact. Staying too long in darkness and being alone can cause anxiety and even hallucinations (幻觉), according to the American Psychological Association. To help astronauts get used to life in the cave, Jiang and her team used group support methods. “The data we gathered will help guide future long—term space station missions and manned lunar missions, ” Jiang told Xinhua. The European Space Agency (ESA) began studying the use of natural caves for astronaut training in 2005. Ye Guangfu took part in one of ESA’s cave training programs in Italy in 2016. “Compared with the European training, our support team intervened (干预) as little as possible,” Ye told Xinhua. This method allows astronauts to trust their own instincts (直觉) and solve problems on their own, he added. Chinese Astronauts Train in Caves to Prepare for Space℃ Basic Information of the Training Location A cave in Wulong District, Chongqing. Time The training took place during the ____102____ of 2025—2026. Participants A total of 28 astronauts were involved in this mission. Living Conditions The cave is dark, cold, wet, and deep in the mountains far ____103____ from the outside world. ●The environment is ____104____ to the outer space with very little privacy and moving space. Challenges Faced Physical Challenges Narrow passages and steep rock walls test the astronauts’ physical limits. Dealing with unexpected risks pushes the astronauts to make quick ____105____. Mental Challenges The darkness can cause a loss in sense of time, memory, and the ability to respond ____106____. · The quietness and ____107____ can cause anxiety and even hallucinations. Training ____108____ Group Support Group support can help astronauts adapt to the cave environment. Independence Building Less intervention pushes astronauts to ____109____ on their own instincts and problem—solving ability. 9. What could astronauts hear clearly inside the cave because of the quietness? (Not more than 10 words) ____________________110____________________ 10. Why might experiencing unexpected challenges in training be valuable for astronauts? (Not more than 15 words) ____________________111____________________ IX. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words. The first letter of each word is given. (0. 5%×10=5%) The year 2026 is the Year of the Horse in the Chinese calendar. Horses are liked by people all over the world. They led soldiers into battle (战斗), pulled ploughs (犁) and served as transportation before machine vehicles were i____112____. In China, the horse carries many positive m____113____, such as smart and energetic, and we can see them in Chinese idioms. For example, a t____114____ person is often called “qianlima”, a horse that covers a thousand li a day. And someone who is good at f____115____ talent is referred to as “bole”, a person who could tell a good horse by its l____116____ in ancient China. Other horse-related phrases in Chinese include “ma dao cheng gong”, which means instant success and “long ma jing shen”, which means f____117____ of energy. Horses are also said to have powerful brains with “excellent m____118____”, according to Discovery News. Maybe that’s why a Chinese idiom g____119____: “An old horse knows the way.” Human friends may come and go, but a horse could be one of your most loyal, long-term buddies i____120____ you treat it right, suggests US director Steven Spielberg’s award-winning movie War Horse. Joey, the horse in the movie, travels all the way back through a war zone to get to his owner, Albert, who tames (驯服) and trains him. Since the horse is honored as a symbol of energy, loyalty, strong will and intelligence, people born in the Year of the Horse t____121____ are also believed to have these great qualities (品质). So, do you have a friend or a family member who will enjoy 2026 as his or her animal year? 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 南京外国语学校 2025—2026学年度第二学期初二年级阶段练习 英语试题(卷) 试卷总分：100分 考试时间：100分钟 卷I 客观题(满分50分) Please put your answers by filling in the correct boxes with 2B pencil on the multiple choice answer card. (请将以下选择题的答案用2B铅笔填在答题卡上。) I. Multiple choice(1%×20=20%) 1. ________ prize for the winner of the English speech competition is ________ one-week holiday in the UK. A. The; 不填 B. A; 不填 C. A; the D. The; a 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：英语演讲比赛获胜者的奖品是为期一周的英国度假。 第一空特指英语演讲比赛获胜者的奖品，应使用定冠词The；第二空表示“一个为期一周的假期”，是泛指，且one以辅音音素开头，应使用不定冠词a。 2. Which of the following is a proper English headline for the event shown in the picture? A. When West Meets East: NFLS Hosts 39th Foreign Language Festival B. The 39th Foreign Language Festival Was Held in Our School Yesterday C. The Cultural Exchange Show Will Be Held in the School Hall Tonight D. East Meets West: A Celebration of Chinese and Western Cultures 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：以下哪一项是图片中所展示事件的恰当英文标题？ 英文新闻标题要求简洁凝练，通常省略be动词、冠词等冗余成分，不会用完整陈述句作标题，B项错误；图片中活动已经在进行，C项中“Will Be Held”时态错误；D项只提到文化主题，没有概括图片的核心事件，错误；A项既点明了活动“东西文化交流”的主题，又清晰概括了核心信息：我校（NFLS）举办第39届外语节，符合英文标题简洁准确的要求。 3. Was it about 1, 400 years ago ________ the famous Zhaozhou Bridge in Hebei was built? A. until B. that C. before D. when 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：著名的河北赵州桥是大约 1400 年前建造的吗？ until直到；that那（强调句型引导词）；before在……之前；when 当……时候。本句是强调句型的一般疑问句形式，结构为“Was it + 被强调部分 + that + 其余部分？”. 被强调部分是时间状语“about 1, 400 years ago”。在强调句型中，连接词通常用that，即使强调的是时间，也不用when。 4. She agrees ________ Jack about reading ________ books before the exam to improve her understanding of the subject. A. with; a number of B. to; a number of C. with; the number of D. to; the number of 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：她同意杰克关于在考试前读许多书以提高她对这门学科的理解的观点。 agree with sb.同意某人的意见；agree to后常接计划、建议等。第一空后是Jack，表示人，故第一空用with。a number of 许多；the number of……的数量，此处指读“许多”书，故第二空用a number of。 5. They each ________ to follow the storm to do their research and act ________, taking careful notes to compare their findings later. A. decide; lonely B. decides; alone C. decide; alone D. decides; lonely 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：他们每个人都决定跟随风暴进行研究并独自行动，仔细做笔记以便稍后比较他们的发现。 decide决定；lonely孤独的；alone独自。第一空，主语“They each”中each作同位语，谓语动词需用复数形式，故用decide；第二空表示“独自行动”，用副词alone修饰动词act。 6. It was ________ back home after a whole day of tiring work at that start-up technology company. A. not until midnight that he went B. until midnight that he didn’t go C. not until midnight did he go D. until midnight when he didn’t go 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：在那家初创科技公司累了一整天后，直到午夜他才回家。 强调句的基本结构是“It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他部分”。本句强调的是时间状语“not until midnight”，原句为“He did not go back home until midnight”，变为强调句时，not随until一起提前，that从句中动词用肯定形式，所以选项A符合。选项C是倒装句结构，不能与It was连用；选项B、D结构错误。 7. More and more exhaust fumes, ________ by too many cars on the road, ________ air pollution in the city. A. causing; has increased B. caused; has increased C. causing; have increased D. caused; have increased 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：越来越多的废气，由路上太多的汽车造成，已经增加了城市的空气污染。 exhaust fumes与cause之间是被动关系，需用过去分词caused作后置定语。句子主语是More and more exhaust fumes，fumes为复数名词，谓语动词需用复数形式have increased。 8. Look at the map. Tuvalu, a small island country in the Pacific Ocean, is about 3,000 kilometers ________ of ________. A. northeast; Hawaii B. southwest; New Zealand C. northeast; New Zealand D. southeast; Hawaii 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：看地图，图瓦卢是太平洋上的一个小岛国，位于新西兰东北约3000公里处。以“新西兰（New Zealand）”为参照点，图瓦卢在新西兰的东北（northeast）方向，距离约3000公里，符合地理事实。 9. China, about 9.6 million square kilometers ________ size, is over ________ from Mohe in the north to Hainan in the south. A. by; 5,000-kilometer-long B. in; 5,000-kilometer-long C. by; 5,000 kilometers long D. in; 5,000 kilometers long 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：中国面积约960万平方公里，从北部的漠河到南部的海南，全长超过5000公里。 固定搭配“in size”意为“在面积方面”，因此第一空填in。表示“长、宽、高”作表语时，结构为“数词+单位复数+形容词”，此处位于be动词后作表语，所以第二空填5,000 kilometers long。5,000-kilometer-long是连字符构成的复合形容词，这类词只能放在名词前作定语。 10. Isaac Newton was the first scientist ________ the laws of motion in ________ Great Britain. A. to explain;/ B. to explain; the C. explaining;/ D. explaining; the 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：艾萨克·牛顿是大不列颠第一位解释运动定律的科学家。 to explain解释，不定式；explaining解释，现在分词；/不用冠词；the定冠词。当名词被序数词the first修饰时，后用动词不定式to do作后置定语，故第一空填 to explain；国家名称Great Britain前不加冠词，故第二空不填。 11. Aldabra is one of the most important marine (海洋) ________ reserves in the world, and the fish there ________ keep the ecosystem healthy. A. nature; helps B. natural; help C. nature; help D. natural; helps 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：阿尔达布拉是世界上最重要的海洋自然保护区之一，那里的鱼有助于保持生态系统健康。 nature自然；natural自然的。固定搭配nature reserves意为“自然保护区”，故第一空填nature；主语the fish在此处指代鱼类群体，视为复数，谓语动词用原形help。 12. Which of the following has the same sentence structure as the one below? It is fair to give Anna the prize in the painting competition. A. A healthy baby usually weighs 6lbs or more. B. The ceremony helps a teenager become an adult. C. Our teachers always offer us some useful advice. D. We stayed home for dinner to celebrate my birthday. 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：以下哪一项与下面句子的结构相同？在绘画比赛中给安娜颁奖是公平的。 原句：It+be+形容词+to do sth，其中真正主语to do部分是双宾语结构 (give sb. sth.，Anna是间接宾语，the prize是直接宾语)。A healthy baby usually weighs 6lbs or more.是主语+谓语+状语/补语；The ceremony helps a teenager become an adult.是主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语；Our teachers always offer us some useful advice.是主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；We stayed home for dinner to celebrate my birthday.是主语+谓语+地点状语+目的状语，因此选项C和原句一样属主谓双宾结构，符合要求。 13. There were ________ few people at the park that we could run around freely, and it was ________ good fun playing games together. A. so; so B. such; so C. such; such D. so; such 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：公园里人太少了，我们可以自由地跑来跑去，一起玩游戏真是很有趣。 so常修饰形容词或副词，当名词前有many, much, few, little表示数量时也用so；such常修饰名词或名词短语。第一空修饰few people，few前用so；第二空修饰good fun，中心词fun是名词，用such。 14. The students practice on the field, ________ for the school sports meeting that will ________ next week. A. preparing; happen B. prepare; happen C. preparing; take place D. prepare; take place 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：学生们在操场上练习，为下周将要举行的校运动会做准备。 happen偶然发生；take place有计划的发生。句中已有谓语动词practice，第一空应用现在分词preparing作伴随状语；关系代词that指运动会，第二空用take place表示“举行”运动会。 15. — It seems almost impossible that the forest fire in the national park could be stopped, ________ it? —________, it’s not easy to stop it even with enough resources and effort. A. does; Yes B. doesn’t; Yes C. does; No D. doesn’t; No 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：——国家公园的森林大火似乎几乎不可能被扑灭，是吗？——是的，即使有足够的资源和努力，扑灭它也不容易。 第一空：陈述部分主语是It，谓语动词seems是实义动词且为肯定形式，反意疑问部分应用否定形式doesn’t；第二空：回答反意疑问句需根据事实情况，答语后句表明扑灭大火不容易，即确认了火灾难以扑灭的事实，事实为肯定，故用Yes。 16. It is when they make friends and face challenges ________ students get to know ________ school life is really like. A. that; what B. that; how C. before; what D. before; how 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：正是在他们交朋友和面对挑战的时候，学生们才了解到学校生活到底是什么样的。 强调句型结构为“It is/was + 被强调部分 + that +其他部分”，本句强调时间状语“when they make friends and face challenges”，所以第一个空用that；第二个空引导宾语从句，且在从句中作like的宾语，所以用what。 17. —Helen, I have a surprise for you! —I ________ you ________ to bring me a ticket to my favorite band’s concert! A. never think; are going B. never thought; were going C. didn’t think; are going D. haven’t thought; were going 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：——Helen，我给你一个惊喜！——我从来没想过你会给我带来一张我最喜欢的乐队演唱会的门票！ 根据“I have a surprise for you!”可知，“没想到”指的是过去一直未曾想到，直到现在得知惊喜，第一空表示过去的想法，用一般过去时，排除A项和D项；主句是一般过去时，宾语从句需用相应的过去时态，表示过去将来用were going，排除C项。 18. Which of the following sentences has a different sentence structure? A. Jerry found the movie quite boring during the trip. B. They can get a teenager to do the job for less money. C. The police found the lost child safe and well at last. D. Not everybody in our class thinks it is a great idea. 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：下列哪个句子有不同的句子结构？ Jerry found the movie quite boring during the trip.是“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”结构；They can get a teenager to do the job for less money.是“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”结构；The police found the lost child safe and well at last.是“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”结构；Not everybody in our class thinks it is a great idea.是“主语+谓语+宾语从句”的结构。D项与其他句子结构不同。 19. —Dad, I found a pair of sunglasses at the beach. —Did you ask ________? A. whose the sunglasses is B. that who the owner of the sunglasses is C. whom did the sunglasses belong D. who the sunglasses belonged to 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：——爸爸，我在海滩上发现了一副太阳镜。——你问这副太阳镜属于谁了吗？ 宾语从句应使用陈述语序，直接排除C选项。A选项中sunglasses是复数名词，从句谓语是单数is，主谓不一致，且时态也不对，排除；B选项同时使用了that和who两个连接词，宾语从句只能有一个引导词，结构错误，且时态也不对，排除。D选项为陈述语序，belonged to搭配正确，时态与主句一致，故D选项正确。 20. — Many houses fell down in the earthquake. I can’t believe how much money was spent building those houses. — ________ What matters is how we can help the people who lost their homes. A. Tell me about it. B. That’s not the point. C. It’s not a big deal. D. What do you reckon? 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：——地震中许多房子倒塌了。我真不敢相信建那些房子花了多少钱。——那不是重点。重要的是我们如何帮助那些失去家园的人。 Tell me about it可不是嘛；That’s not the point那不是重点；It’s not a big deal这没什么大不了的；What do you reckon你怎么看。根据答语后半句“What matters is...”可知，说话人认为对方关注的金钱花费问题不是当前的重点，重要的是如何帮助人。此处需要填入表示“对方所说并非关键”的语句以引出后文的重点。B选项符合。 II. Cloze test (1%×15=15%) I’m delighted to be here at the Royal Society to give this speech. Now, I’m ____21____ about the power of technology to make life better for everyone. ____22____, the easy speech for me to give would be to tell you about the incredible opportunities before us. Just this morning, I was at Moorfields Eye Hospital. They’ re using AI to build a model that can look at a single picture of your eyes, and not only diagnose (诊断) blindness, but also ____23____ heart attacks, strokes (中风) or Parkinson’s (帕金森病). And that’s just the ____24____. I do believe that technologies like AI will ____25____ a change as far-reaching as the industrial revolution, the coming of electricity or the ____26____ of the Internet. As with every one of those waves of technology, AI will bring new knowledge, new opportunities for economic (经济的) growth, new advances in human capability (能力) and the chance to solve problems that we once thought beyond us. But, like those ____27____, it also brings new dangers and new fears. So, the responsible thing for me to do—the ____28____ speech for me to make—is to face those ____29____ head-on, giving you the peace of mind that we will keep you safe while making sure you and your children have all the opportunities for a better future that AI ____30____ bring. Doing the right thing, not the easy thing, means being ____31____ with people about the risks from these technologies. So, I won’t hide them from you. That’s why today, for the first time, we’ve taken the highly unusual step of ____32____ our analysis on the risks of AI. These reports provide a serious warning. Get this wrong, ____33____ AI could make it easier to build chemical or biological weapons. Criminals could use AI to spread fear and destruction on an even further scale. They could use AI ____34____ cyberattacks (网络攻击), disinformation, fraud (欺诈) or even child sexual abuse (性侵害). And in the most unlikely but extreme cases, there is even the risk that humanity could ____35____ AI completely through the kind of AI sometimes referred to as “super intelligence”. So, while embracing AI’s potential, we must also be aware of the very real dangers it presents. 21. A. worried B. curious C. upset D. positive 22. A. However B. Instead C. Still D. So 23. A. treat B. predict C. cause D. prevent 24. A. example B. story C. beginning D. fact 25. A. bring B. welcome C. observe D. experience 26. A. development B. end C. risk D. birth 27. A. chances B. factors C. tools D. waves 28. A. successful B. right C. easy D. difficult 29. A. speeches B. opportunities C. possibilities D. fears 30. A. must B. can C. shouldn’t D. needn’t 31. A. honest B. polite C. strict D. patient 32. A. publishing B. making C. reviewing D. questioning 33. A. for B. but C. and D. or 34. A. as B. with C. against D. for 35. A. lose sight of B. lose track of C. lose touch with D. lose control of 【答案】21. D 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. D 28. B 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文讨论了人工智能技术的潜力与风险，强调在拥抱其带来的机会的同时，必须直面并应对其可能带来的危险和恐惧。 【21题详解】 句意：现在，我坚信科技能够极大地改善每个人的生活。 根据后文“the easy speech for me to give would be to tell you about the incredible opportunities”可知，作者对技术持乐观态度。positive“积极的”符合语境。若用worried“担心的”则与后文矛盾；curious“好奇的”侧重求知欲，不直接表达态度；upset“沮丧的”与下文积极展望不符。 【22题详解】 句意：然而，对我来说最容易的演讲是告诉你们我们面前的不可思议的机会。 上文表达对技术的积极看法，下文转而指出“容易的演讲是讲机会”，存在转折关系。However“然而”正确。Instead“相反”表替代，但此处无替代逻辑；Still“仍然”表让步；So“所以”表因果，均不合语境。 【23题详解】 句意：他们正在用人工智能建立一个模型，可以通过一张眼睛的照片，不仅诊断失明，还能预测心脏病、中风或帕金森病。 AI通过眼部图像能诊断失明，还能预测心脏病等疾病。predict“预测”符合医学AI功能。treat“治疗”需实际医疗行为，AI仅分析图像；cause“引起”与文意相反；prevent“预防”虽合理，但强调行动，而此处侧重预判能力，predict更贴切。 【24题详解】 句意：而这仅仅是开始。 上文列举AI的医疗应用后，指出这仅是开始，暗示更多潜力。beginning“开始”正确。example“例子”需后接具体事例；story“故事”与事实不符；fact“事实”不能体现“冰山一角”的意味。 【25题详解】 句意：我确实相信，像人工智能这样的技术将带来一场像工业革命、电力到来或互联网诞生那样深远的变革。 AI将带来深刻变革。bring“带来”为固定搭配“bring a change”。welcome“欢迎”主语应为人；observe“观察”和experience“经历”均不符合“主动引发变化”的语义。 【26题详解】 句意：我确实相信，像人工智能这样的技术将带来一场像工业革命、电力到来或互联网诞生那样深远的变革。 与“工业革命”、“电的出现”并列，互联网的诞生。birth“诞生”与“coming”对应。development“发展”侧重过程，end“结束”和risk“风险”均与语境无关。 【27题详解】 句意：但是，像那些技术浪潮一样，它也带来了新的危险和恐惧。 上文提到“every one of those waves of technology”，此处用waves指代技术浪潮。chances“机会”、factors“因素”、tools“工具”均无法呼应前文的比喻。 【28题详解】 句意：所以，对我来说，负责任的做法——也是正确的演讲——是直面这些恐惧。 前文指出“easy speech”是讲机会，而负责任的做法是讲风险，即做正确的事。right“正确的”与后文“doing the right thing”直接对应。successful“成功的”偏离主旨；easy“容易的”与转折矛盾；difficult“困难的”无依据。 【29题详解】 句意：所以，对我来说，负责任的做法——也是正确的演讲——是直面这些恐惧。 上文提到技术带来“new dangers and new fears”，此处直面这些恐惧。fears正确。speeches“演讲”、opportunities“机会”、possibilities“可能性”均与前文“dangers and fears”无关。 【30题详解】 句意：给你们安心，我们会在确保你和你的孩子拥有人工智能能带来的所有美好未来的机会的同时，保证你们的安全。 AI能够带来的机会。can表示能力。must“必须”语气过强；shouldn’t“不应该”和needn’t“不必”均为否定，不合逻辑。 【31题详解】 句意：做正确的事，而不是容易的事，意味着对人们诚实地谈论这些技术带来的风险。 固定搭配“be honest with sb.”意为“对某人诚实”。polite“礼貌”、strict“严格”、patient“耐心”均不与“about the risks”搭配。 【32题详解】 句意：这就是为什么今天，我们首次采取了非常不寻常的步骤，公布我们对人工智能风险的分析。 采取不寻常的步骤——发布风险分析报告。publishing“出版/发布”符合语境。making“制作”不够正式；reviewing“回顾”和questioning“质疑”与“step of”不匹配。 【33题详解】 句意：如果搞错了，人工智能可能会使制造化学或生物武器变得更容易。 祈使句 + and + 陈述句，表示“如果……那么……”。and连接条件与结果。or“否则”通常用于警告不要做某事；but表转折；for表原因，均不符合此结构。 【34题详解】 句意：他们可以利用人工智能来应对网络攻击、虚假信息传播、欺诈行为，甚至儿童性侵害等问题。 固定搭配“use sth. for sth.”表示“用某物做某事”。as“作为”后需接角色；with“用”通常指工具，但结构为“use sth. with…”不常见；against“反对”不合语义。 【35题详解】 句意：在最不可能但极端的情况下，甚至存在人类可能完全失去对人工智能控制的风险。 极端情况下，人类可能完全失去对AI的控制。lose control of“失去控制”正确。lose sight of“忽视”、lose track of“失去联系”、lose touch with“失去联系”均与语境不符。 III. Reading comprehension (1%×15=15%) A Career Watch: As a forensic scientist (法医), you help solve crimes. What’s the scariest situation you have found yourself in while working on a case? David: Actually, my job is very safe. I work right here in this lab. I analyze (分析) data and materials. I hardly ever visit the crime scene. In fact, the most dangerous part of my job is the chemicals I use to develop (提取) fingerprints. Career Watch: On television, forensic scientists are often shown at crime scenes or running after criminals. Are you saying your job isn’t like that? David: That’s right. All the drama on TV is meant to make the shows more interesting. But the jobs of crime scene investigators (调查员) and forensic scientists are very different. Investigators bring in all the evidence (证据), and I work to piece it together in the crime lab. Career Watch: Tell us about some of the tools and materials you work with every day. David: Our lab has different stations for different tasks. We have chemicals and machines that can analyze DNA, fingerprints, hair, and other evidence. Today, I’m putting together a complete fingerprint from a messy sample that the investigators found at the crime scene. Career Watch: On TV shows, forensic scientists use fancy computer equipment such as facial recognition software, 3-D displays of crime scenes, and giant computer screens. Is that true? David: Well, we do have high-tech equipment, but it’s not exactly as you see on TV. Studying evidence isn’t nearly as quick and easy as Hollywood makes it seem. 36. Which of the following is part of David’s job? A. Visiting crime scenes often. B. Piecing together evidence in the lab. C. Bringing in all the evidence. D. Running after criminals. 37. The main purpose of this interview is to show ________. A. what the daily work of a forensic scientist includes B. how to become a forensic scientist in real life C. why forensic work on TV looks more interesting D. that the job of a forensic scientist is not dangerous 38. What is the difference between forensic work in real life and that on TV? A. Dramas on TV use real crime scenes. B. Forensic scientists on TV run after criminals. C. High-tech equipment is only used by forensic scientists on TV. D. Crime labs on TV have different stations for different tasks. 39. What does David mean by saying“Studying evidence isn’t nearly as quick and easy as Hollywood makes it seem.” in the last sentence? A. The job is more dangerous than it looks on screen. B. Hollywood makes the job seem too simple and fast. C. He wishes his job were more like TV shows. D. He wants to have the fancy equipment that is shown on TV. 40. The interview most likely appears ________. A. in a magazine about interesting jobs B. on a website about popular TV shows C. in a guide for new forensic scientists D. in a news report about a crime 【答案】36. B 37. A 38. B 39. B 40. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇访谈，主要通过对法医David的采访，介绍了现实中法医的真实工作内容、使用的工具，对比了现实中法医工作与电视上展现的差异，还原了法医工作的真实面貌。 【36题详解】 文中David提到：“Investigators bring in all the evidence, and I work to piece it together in the crime lab.”，这直接说明David的工作内容之一是在实验室里整理证据。 【37题详解】 整篇访谈围绕David的工作场景、日常使用的工具、工作内容，以及与电视上法医工作的区别展开，核心目的是展现法医日常工作所包含的内容。 【38题详解】 文中David明确表示：“On television, forensic scientists are often shown at crime scenes or running after criminals. That’s right. All the drama on TV is meant to make the shows more interesting.”，说明电视上的法医会追捕罪犯，这是现实与电视中法医工作的区别。 【39题详解】 结合前文David提到“we do have high-tech equipment, but it’s not exactly as you see on TV”，可知该句意为研究证据远没有好莱坞（电视）展现得那么快速简单，即好莱坞让这份工作看起来过于简单和迅速。 【40题详解】 访谈标题为“Career Watch”，主要介绍了法医这份职业的真实情况，内容围绕职业本身展开，因此最有可能出现在介绍有趣职业的杂志中。 B ①In the classic “rubber hand” illusion (错觉), a participant is tricked into experiencing a fake (假的) arm on the table in front of them as their own: their brain “feels” the touch of a feather or other things they see touching the fake arm. (The real arm is behind a board.) Until now, only some mammals (哺乳动物), such as humans and mice, were known to be influenced by this illusion. But a recent study shows that octopus (章鱼) brains can be tricked in the same way, adding another new finding to what we know about these creatures’ inner lives. ②First the scientists placed an octopus in a water tank where it could relax on a soft surface similar to the seafloor. Then they put up a board that covered one of the octopus’s arms and left a fake one that can be seen instead. “It was important to make the rubber arm look like the octopus’s real arm because in the human experiment, the illusion does not happen if the fake hand is shaped differently from the real human hand,” says study lead author Sumire Kawashima, a biologist at the University of the Ryukyus in Japan. ③Next the researchers gently touched the real and the fake arm with small sticks at the same time. After about eight seconds, they went on touching only the fake arm. All six octopuses reacted to the fake arm’s stimulation (刺激) with defensive (防御的) responses such as escape movements or body color changes. But when the experimenters tried different ways such as touching only the fake arm or touching the arms at different times, the octopuses“were not surprised at all,” says study co-author Yuzuru Ikeda, also a biologist at University of the Ryukyus. ④The findings suggest octopuses can be tricked by the same illusion as humans—and thus may have a sense of body ownership like we do, the researchers say. This is an interesting result in itself because such ability is also one of humankind’s “very advanced abilities,” Ikeda says. ⑤“I hadn’t seen anything like this before,” says Kristin Andrews, an expert who studies animal minds. She says the study seems to offer evidence that octopuses are “self—conscious” or aware of (意识到) their bodies, although “we can’t simply think that octopuses have the same natural belief in a separation (区别) between a core (核心的) self and the body that humans seem to have. They might see the world in a very different way.” 41. What did scientists do before starting the main experiment? A. They placed octopuses in a dry tank. B. They let octopuses rest on a soft surface. C. They covered all arms of the octopuses. D. They prepared a rubber arm that could change colors. 42. Why was it important to make the fake arm look real? A. To make the octopuses feel relaxed and safe. B. To help the octopuses recognize their own arms. C. To prevent the octopuses from becoming scared or nervous. D. To make the octopuses mistake the fake arm for the real ones. 43. According to the experiment, what can we infer about the octopuses? A. They may have a sense of body ownership. B. They see the world in the same way as humans do. C. They only reacted when both arms were touched at the same time. D. All the octopuses showed defensive responses in different test conditions. 44. What is the best title for the passage? A. Testing Octopus Arms B. Octopus Illusion C. Animal Self—Consciousness Proved D. How octopus’s brain works 45. What might be the structure of this article? A. B. C. D. 【答案】41. B 42. D 43. A 44. B 45. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了科学家通过“橡胶手错觉”实验，发现章鱼也会像人类一样产生身体归属错觉，这表明章鱼可能拥有和人类相似的身体自我意识。 【41题详解】 第二段第一句明确提到：“First the scientists placed an octopus in a water tank where it could relax on a soft surface similar to the seafloor.”，说明正式实验前，科学家让章鱼在柔软的表面上休息，对应B选项。 【42题详解】 第二段提到：“It was important to make the rubber arm look like the octopus's real arm because in the human experiment, the illusion does not happen if the fake hand is shaped differently from the real human hand”，说明让假手臂看起来真实，是为了让章鱼把假手臂错当成自己的真手臂，从而产生错觉。对应D选项。 【43题详解】 第四段第一句明确指出：“The findings suggest octopuses can be tricked by the same illusion as humans—and thus may have a sense of body ownership like we do”，可直接推断章鱼可能拥有身体归属感。对应A选项。 【44题详解】 全文围绕章鱼的“橡胶手错觉”实验展开，核心是章鱼产生的身体错觉。A选项“测试章鱼手臂”、D选项“章鱼大脑如何工作”范围太宽泛；C选项“动物自我意识被证明”表述过于绝对，实验仅针对章鱼，不能推广到所有动物。B选项“章鱼错觉”最贴合文章主题。 【45题详解】 文章结构为：①段总起，引出章鱼也会产生“橡胶手错觉”的研究发现；②③段具体介绍实验的准备与操作过程；④⑤段总结实验结论，说明章鱼可能拥有身体自我意识。对应结构为：①总起，②③分述实验，④⑤总结结论，与C选项结构一致。 C [The following is an excerpt from Klara and the Sun by Kazuo Ishiguro. The novel talks about an AI “Friend” Klara who believes the Sun can heal her sick human friend.] When we were new, Rosa and I stayed in the middle of the store, near the magazine table. From there we could see part of the window and watch the outside world—people passing by, taxis, tourists, Beggar Man and his dog, and the lower part of the RPO Building. Later, after we got used to the store, Manager let us walk to the front behind the shop window. From there we could see how tall the RPO Building was. And if we were there at just the right time, we would see the Sun crossing between the buildings. When I was lucky enough to see him, I’d move my face forward to take in as much of his nourishment (滋养) as I could, and if Rosa was with me, I’d tell her to do the same. After a minute or two, we’d have to return to our places and when we were new, we worried that because we couldn’t see the Sun from the middle of the store, we’d grow weaker. Boy AF Rex, who was next to us, told us not to worry. He pointed to the floor and said, “That’s the Sun’s pattern right there. If you’re worried, you can just touch it and get strong again.” There were no customers then. Manager was busy, and I didn’t want to bother her. So I took a quick look at Rosa. When she looked back with no expression, I stepped forward, bent down and reached out to touch the Sun’s pattern (图案). But as soon as I touched it, the pattern was gone. I tried everything—patting (拍打) the spot, rubbing (摩擦) the floor—but it wouldn’t come back. When I stood up, Rex said, “Klara, that was greedy (贪婪的). You took all the nourishment for yourself. Look, it’s almost dark.” “I’m sorry,” I said. “I didn’t mean to.” “Because of you,” Rex said, “I’ ll become weak by evening.” “You’ re joking,” I said. “I’m not. I could get sick right now. And those AFs in the back? They’re already not well. They’ll get worse now. You were greedy, Klara.” “I don’t believe you,” I said, but I was no longer sure. I looked at Rosa—her face was still blank. “I’m feeling sick already,” Rex said. “But you just said the Sun always reaches us. You’re joking.” In the end, I made myself believe Rex was joking with me. But I sensed I had made him bring up something uncomfortable – something most AFs preferred not to talk about. Not long after, that thing happened to Rex. It made me think that even if he had been joking that day, part of him had been serious too. 46. Why did Klara decide to touch the Sun’s pattern on the floor? A. Because she wondered if Rex was right. B. Because Rosa asked her to do it. C. Because Manager told her to do it. D. Because she wanted to play a trick on Rex. 47. What does the underlined word “blank” most likely mean? A. Showing doubt. B. Showing worry. C. Showing sadness. D. Showing no emotions. 48. According to Boy AF Rex, what was Klara’s mistake in this situation? A. She left her place without asking the Manager. B. She took in all the sunlight for herself. C. She touched the pattern without permission. D. She made the Sun disappear from the store. 49. How did Klara’s attitude toward Rex’s words change during the story? A. At first, Klara didn’t believe Rex, but later she thought some of his words might be true. B. Klara always thought Rex was joking and never took his words seriously. C. Klara went from being worried about Rex to not caring about him anymore. D. Klara got really scared of what Rex said and stopped thinking about whether it was true. 50. What does the last sentence suggest about “that thing” that happened to Rex? A. It was a fortunate event that Rex had been hoping for. B. It was a common problem that few AFs experienced. C. It was related to the unspoken fear of weakness that AFs shared. D. It was a direct result of Klara taking the Sun’s nourishment for herself. 【答案】46. A 47. D 48. B 49. A 50. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，节选自小说《克拉拉与太阳》，讲述了人工智能朋友克拉拉在商店里听信同伴雷克斯的话触碰地板上太阳图案，却导致图案消失，进而引发雷克斯指责其贪婪，克拉拉内心态度逐渐变化的故事。 【46题详解】 文中雷克斯告诉克拉拉和罗莎地板上的图案是太阳的痕迹，触碰就能获得力量，克拉拉因此触碰太阳图案，验证雷克斯的说法是否正确，对应答案为Because she wondered if Rex was right。 【47题详解】 前文提到罗莎看向克拉拉时没有任何表情，结合语境可知“blank”意为没有表现出任何情绪，对应答案为Showing no emotions。 【48题详解】 雷克斯指责克拉拉“that was greedy. You took all the nourishment for yourself”，表明雷克斯认为克拉拉的错误是独自吸收了所有阳光，对应答案为She took in all the sunlight for herself。 【49题详解】 克拉拉起初对雷克斯的话表示质疑，认为对方在开玩笑，后来却不再确定，最后还觉得雷克斯的话有一部分是认真的，对应答案为At first, Klara didn’t believe Rex, but later she thought some of his words might be true。 【50题详解】 最后一段提到雷克斯提及的是大多数人工智能不愿谈论的令人不安的事，而发生在雷克斯身上的事让克拉拉觉得他的话有认真的成分，可推断这件事和人工智能们不愿言说的虚弱恐惧相关，对应答案为It was related to the unspoken fear of weakness that AFs shared。 卷 Ⅱ 主观题(满分 50 分) Please write the answers on the answer sheet. (请将此卷答案写在答题纸上。) IV. Vocabulary A. Complete each sentence with proper words. The first letter of each word is given. (0. 5%×18=9%) 51. The hikers walked for hours, but the mountain seemed so far in the d ________ that they wondered if they’d ever reach the top before sunset. 【答案】distance##istance 【解析】 【详解】句意：徒步旅行者走了好几个小时，但那座山在远处看起来如此遥远，他们怀疑自己能否在日落前到达山顶。结合句意及首字母提示，此处表示“远处”，应用单词distance，构成固定搭配in the distance，故填distance。 52. N________ energy can help create clean electricity, but it can also produce waste that needs to be stored carefully. 【答案】Nuclear##uclear 【解析】 【详解】句意：核能可以帮助产生清洁的电力，但也会产生需要妥善储存的废料。根据“can help create clean electricity, but it can also produce waste that needs to be stored carefully”和首字母，产生清洁的电力且废料需要妥善储存的能源是核能，nuclear energy是固定搭配，指“核能”。故填Nuclear。 53. There are many active v________ around the world, especially in places like Japan and Iceland. People in these areas must be prepared for danger. 【答案】volcanoes##olcanoes 【解析】 【详解】句意：世界上有许多活跃的火山，尤其是在日本和冰岛这样的地方。这些地区的人们必须为危险做好准备。句中“active”为形容词，修饰名词，由“many”可知此处应用可数名词复数形式，结合句意及首字母提示，此处表示“火山”，应用单词volcano，其复数形式为volcanoes，故填volcanoes。 54. The sun is the main s________ of energy for our planet, providing light and heat to help plants grow and keep the Earth warm. 【答案】source##ource 【解析】 【详解】句意：太阳是我们星球主要的能量来源，提供光和热帮助植物生长，并且保持地球温暖。句中“main”为形容词，后接名词，结合句意及首字母提示，此处表示“来源”，应用单词source。 55. Thanks to modern technology, this year’s potato h________ was the largest in the village’s history. Machines helped the farmers collect everything quickly. 【答案】harvest##arvest 【解析】 【详解】句意：多亏了现代科技，今年的土豆收成是村里历史上最大的一次。机器帮助农民们快速收完了所有作物。根据“potato”与“Machines helped the farmers collect everything”和首字母可知，机器帮助农民收割，因此此处指“土豆收成”，“收成”harvest，且由“was”可知是单数。 56. After strong earthquakes, t________ can happen and travel across the ocean at high speed. People in coastal (海滨的) areas must be ready to move quickly to stay safe. 【答案】tsunamis##sunamis 【解析】 【详解】句意：强震之后，海啸可能会发生，并以高速穿越海洋。海滨地区的人们必须迅速做好转移准备以确保安全。根据“After strong earthquakes”及常识可知，强震之后可能会引发海啸，结合首字母t可知，此处用名词tsunami，此处用复数形式表示多场海啸。首字母t对应tsunamis。 57. As soon as the chef dropped a piece of steak on the floor, ants were seen s________ out from a small hole in the corner of the kitchen. 【答案】stealing##tealing 【解析】 【详解】句意：厨师刚把一块牛排掉在地上，就看见蚂蚁从厨房角落的小洞里偷偷爬出来。steal out是固定搭配，意为“偷偷溜出”，该词在句中作主语补足语，补充说明ants（蚂蚁）的动作；在被动语态sb. be seen doing sth.中，需用现在分词形式作补足语，强调动作正在发生，因此用stealing。 58. The storm caused a lot of d________ to the trees in the park, with many branches broken and fallen all over the ground, making it hard to walk through. 【答案】damage##amage 【解析】 【详解】句意：风暴对公园里的树木造成了大量破坏，许多树枝折断并散落一地，导致难以通行。根据“to the trees”和“many branches broken”以及首字母可知，此处表示破坏、损害，damage“损坏、破坏”符合语境，是不可数名词。 59. H ________ can be very dangerous because they bring strong winds and heavy rain, often causing floods. 【答案】Hurricanes##urricanes 【解析】 【详解】句意：飓风可能非常危险，因为它们带来强风和暴雨，常常引发洪水。此处是名词作主语。根据“they bring strong winds and heavy rain, often causing floods.”可知，描述的是飓风，应用名词hurricane，需要用复数表示泛指。 60. The charity works hard to fight h________ in poor villages by providing meals and teaching families how to grow their own vegetables. 【答案】hunger##unger 【解析】 【详解】句意：该慈善机构努力在贫困村抗击饥饿，他们为此提供餐食，还教当地家庭如何自己种植蔬菜。根据句意以及首字母提示可知，此处需要填入名词“饥饿”，hunger表示“饥饿”。故填hunger。 61. The sea became r________ during the storm, and the waves were high and strong. 【答案】rough##ough 【解析】 【详解】句意：暴风雨来袭时，大海变得波涛汹涌，海浪高耸而猛烈。此处是形容词作表语；根据“the waves were high and strong”和首字母可知，海浪高大而猛烈，说明海面波涛汹涌，rough“波涛汹涌的”。 62. I________ bring new ideas, food, and traditions that make the country more interesting and colorful. 【答案】Immigrants##mmigrants 【解析】 【详解】句意：移民带来新思想、新食物和新传统，让国家更有趣、更多姿多彩。此处是名词作主语；根据“bring new ideas, food, and traditions that make the country more interesting and colorful”和首字母可知，带来新思想、新食物和新传统，让国家更有趣、更多元多彩的是移民，immigrant“移民”，且由谓语动词bring可知主语是复数，故填immigrants。 63. I had to r________ the invitation to the party because I was sick and needed to rest at home. 【答案】refuse##efuse 【解析】 【详解】句意：我不得不拒绝派对的邀请，因为我生病了，需要在家休息。根据语境逻辑和首字母“r”得知，生病需要“拒绝”派对邀请；“拒绝”的英语表达为“refuse”，“had to”后面接动词原形“refuse”。 64. They got lost in the forest for hours, but they followed the river and e________ found their way back home. 【答案】eventually##ventually 【解析】 【详解】句意：他们在森林里迷路了好几个小时，但他们沿着河流走，最终找到了回家的路。此处应是表示“最终、最后”，副词的“eventually”，在句中作状语，修饰动词found。 65. Can you i________ what it would be like to live on another planet, with different animals and plants? 【答案】imagine##magine 【解析】 【详解】句意：你能想象生活在另一个有不同动植物的星球上会是什么样子吗？根据“what it would be like to live on another planet”以及首字母提示可知，此处指“想象”，应用动词imagine“想象”，情态动词Can后接动词原形。 66. We haven’t decided where to go for the coming vacation. Perhaps we will go s________ warm and interesting. 【答案】somewhere##omewhere 【解析】 【详解】句意：我们还没有决定即将到来的假期去哪里。或许我们会去某个温暖又有趣的地方。句中“warm and interesting”为形容词后置修饰不定代词，结合句意及首字母提示，此处表示“某个地方”，应用单词somewhere，故填somewhere。 67. The basketball team scored eighty points a________ in last night’s game, breaking their previous (先前的) record for a single match. 【答案】altogether##ltogether 【解析】 【详解】句意：这支篮球队在昨晚的比赛中总共得了80分，打破了他们之前单场比赛的纪录。结合“breaking their previous (先前的) record for a single match”和首字母提示可知，总分得了80分，这是新的高分，altogether符合。 68. Many i________ play important roles in nature, such as helping plants grow or acting as food for other animals. Without them, the environment would be very different. 【答案】insects##nsects 【解析】 【详解】句意：许多昆虫在自然界中扮演着重要的角色，比如帮助植物生长，或者作为其他动物的食物。没有它们，环境会大不相同。此处应是表示“昆虫”，英文为insect，many后接可数名词复数insects。 B. Complete the sentences with the proper forms of the given words. (0. 5%×10=5%) 69. Without enough oxygen or water, the surface of the moon is completely ________ for humans to live on. (habitable) 【答案】uninhabitable 【解析】 【详解】句意：没有足够的氧气和水，月球表面对人类来说完全无法居住。habitable是形容词，意为“可居住的”；根据前文“Without enough oxygen or water(没有足够的氧气和水)”的否定语境，需用其否定形式uninhabitable“不适宜居住的；无法居住的”。 70. Traffic jams happen ________ in the morning than in the afternoon near our school, especially on rainy days. (frequent) 【答案】more frequently 【解析】 【详解】句意：我们学校附近早晨的交通拥堵比下午更频繁，下雨天尤其如此。空格处需要修饰动词happen，因此要把给出的形容词frequent变为副词形式frequently；句中出现比较级标志词than，是在对早上和下午的堵车频率作比较，因此需要用副词的比较级；frequently是多音节副词，比较级要在前面加more。 71. Air pollution in big cities ________ people’s health, causing serious problems like lung diseases and heart problems over time. (threat) 【答案】threatens 【解析】 【详解】句意：大城市的空气污染危害人们的健康，久而久之会引发肺病、心脏病等严重问题。 空处作谓语，需要用动词threaten表示“威胁”。主语是Air pollution，不可数名词，视作单数，句子是一般现在时，动词用第三人称单数形式threatens。 72. Have you seen any good movies ________? My friend recommended a new film that came out last week. (recent) 【答案】recently 【解析】 【详解】句意：你最近看过什么好电影吗？我朋友推荐了一部上周上映的新电影。句子是现在完成时，需要用副词作时间状语，修饰整个句子，recent对应的副词是recently，意思是“最近、近来”，是现在完成时的标志性时间状语，符合句子语境。 73. Tom’s eyes widened with a ________ look as he heard footsteps behind him in the quiet hallway, his body frozen, unsure whether to turn around or keep walking. (frighten) 【答案】frightened 【解析】 【详解】句意：当汤姆在安静的走廊里听到身后有脚步声时，他的眼睛因恐惧而瞪大，身体僵住了，不知道是该转身还是继续往前走。此处需要一个形容词来修饰名词look。frighten是动词，其形容词有frightening和frightened。frightening常用来形容事物“令人害怕的”；frightened常用来形容人“感到害怕的”。这里描述Tom的神情，是指他感到害怕的神情，所以用frightened。 74. The basement of the house was ________ last night because of the broken pipe, and the family had to clean up the mess. (flood) 【答案】flooded 【解析】 【详解】句意：昨晚因为水管破裂，房子的地下室被淹了，一家人不得不清理脏乱。括号里给的是动词flood。句子主语是the basement，它是“被水淹没”的对象，所以需要用被动语态（be +过去分词），flood的过去分词是flooded。 75. Compared with the old one, the new smartphone model is much ________, making it easier to carry in pockets or small bags. (tiny) 【答案】tinier 【解析】 【详解】句意：与旧款相比，新款智能手机要小得多，更容易装入口袋或小包里。句中存在“Compared with the old one”这一比较语境，且much常用于修饰形容词比较级，表示“……得多”。因此用tiny的比较级形式tinier。 76. My suitcase ________ 24 kilograms, but the airport’s ________ limit was 23 kilograms, so I had to take some things out. (weigh) 【答案】 ①. weighed ②. weight 【解析】 【详解】句意：我的行李箱重24公斤，但机场的重量限制是23公斤，所以我不得不拿出一些东西。根据“was”可知是一般过去时，第一空是谓语动词，应用过去式weighed；第二空是名词作定语，weigh的名词形式是weight“重量”。 77. The internet allows people to communicate ________, making it easier to connect with friends and family from different countries. (global) 【答案】globally 【解析】 【详解】句意：互联网让人们能够在全球范围内进行交流，使得与来自不同国家的朋友和家人联系更容易。这里需要一个副词来修饰动词communicate，global是形容词，其副词形式globally表示“全球地；在世界范围内”，符合语境。 V. Complete the sentences with the proper forms of the given verbs. (0. 5%×12=6%) 78. It was the news about the celebrity’s sudden death that ________ (shake) the whole nation. 【答案】shook 【解析】 【详解】句意：正是这位名人突然去世的消息震动了全国。shake意为“震动；震惊”，是动词。句子描述过去的事件，应用一般过去时。shake的过去式为shook。 79. According to Chinese culture, we don’t allow ________ (tidy) the room until the fifth day of the first lunar month because it is believed to take away good luck and wealth. 【答案】tidying 【解析】 【详解】句意：根据中国文化，我们直到正月初五才会打扫房间，因为人们认为（初五之前打扫）会把好运和财运带走。allow有两种常用结构：①allow doing sth 表示“允许做某事”；②allow sb to do sth表示“允许某人做某事”，题干中allow后没有接宾语，符合allow doing sth的结构，因此填动词tidy的动名词形式tidying。 80. Since getting a puppy, I ________ (wake) up at 6 a.m. every morning by its barking. 【答案】have been woken 【解析】 【详解】句意：自从养了一只小狗后，我每天早上6点都会被它的叫声吵醒。根据时间状语“Since getting a puppy”可知，该句时态为现在完成时。主语I和动词wake之间是被动关系，即“我被小狗的叫声吵醒”，所以要用被动语态，其结构是“has/have+been+过去分词”，主语是I，用have been woken。 81. We were told that the hiking ________ (hold) during the Spring Break this year. 【答案】would be held 【解析】 【详解】句意：我们被告知今年春假期间将举行徒步旅行。hold意为“举行”，是动词。主语the hiking与hold之间为被动关系，表示“被举行”。主句were told表示宾语从句需要使用相应的过去时态，结合this year，说明这是从过去的视角看未来要发生的动作，即过去将来时的被动语态，结构为would be done，hold的过去分词是held。 82. You need to return my book next week since you ________ (keep) it for almost a month. 【答案】have kept 【解析】 【详解】句意：你下周需要把我的书还回来，因为你已经借了它快一个月了。根据时间“for almost a month”，是现在完成时的标志词，该时态结构为“have/has+过去分词”；主语是“you”，助动词用“have”；“keep”的过去分词是“kept”。 83. The lost hikers ________ by a helicopter after spending three cold nights alone in the mountains. (rescue) 【答案】were rescued 【解析】 【详解】句意：这些迷路的徒步旅行者在山里独自度过三个寒冷的夜晚后，被直升机救了出来。主语The lost hikers与rescue是被动关系，且事件发生在过去，因此用一般过去时的被动语态“was/were+过去分词”，主语是复数，用were rescued。 84. My gym clothes ________ (not wash) well, losing their colour really fast. 【答案】don’t wash 【解析】 【详解】句意：我的运动服不太好洗，掉色很快。根据语境可知，这里描述的是运动服的特性，即洗的时候不容易洗好且褪色快，这种情况属于客观事实或事物的固有属性，所以要用一般现在时。主语My gym clothes是复数，否定形式借助助动词don’t，动词用原形wash，用主动形式表示被动意义。 85. —Has the child been found yet? —Luckily, yes. It turns out that the boy ________ (hide) in a room, with nothing but an old blanket to keep him warm. 【答案】was hiding 【解析】 【详解】句意：——那个孩子找到了吗？——幸运的是，找到了。原来那个男孩正躲在一个房间里，只有一条旧毯子给他取暖。根据语境可知，此处表示找到孩子时正在发生的动作，“找到孩子”发生在过去，因此是过去进行时was/were doing，主语是the boy，be动词用was，hide的现在分词是hiding，故填was hiding。 86. ________ (dress) in a school uniform, the students looked neat and tidy. 【答案】Dressed 【解析】 【详解】句意：穿着校服，学生们看起来整洁又干净。dress作动词时，表示“穿衣服”，此处是过去分词作状语，dressed“穿着……衣服”，表示学生的状态，句首首字母需大写。 87. When the new library ________ (finish) next year, students will have a modern place to read and study. 【答案】is finished 【解析】 【详解】句意：当新图书馆明年建成时，学生们将有一个现代化的地方阅读和学习。“when”引导的时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时；主语“the new library”和动词“finish”是被动关系，因此用一般现在时的被动语态“am/is/are+过去分词”；主语是单数，“be”动词用“is”；“finish”的过去分词是“finished”。 88. He saw that a boy ________ (beat) by some bad guys when he passed the room. 【答案】was being beaten 【解析】 【详解】句意：他经过房间时，看到一个男孩正被一些坏人殴打。句中“when he passed the room”表明动作正在进行，且“a boy”与“beat”之间为被动关系，需用过去进行时的被动语态，其结构为was/were being done，主语“a boy”为单数，结合所给单词提示，应填was being beaten。 89. With their main bridge ________ by the storm, the villagers had to use boats to transport food and medicine. (destroy) 【答案】destroyed 【解析】 【详解】句意：由于主桥被暴风雨摧毁，村民们不得不用船来运输食物和药品。destroy意为“摧毁”，是动词。此处为“with + 名词 + 过去分词”的独立主格结构，表示伴随情况。bridge与destroy之间为被动关系，应用过去分词destroyed。 VI. Choose a proper phrase to complete each sentence and change the form if necessary. There is an extra one. (1%×5=5%) be more responsible for be in danger of get together live on one’s own take in take care of In the Yangtze River, young finless porpoises (江豚) often ____90____ after leaving their mothers. In 1996, researchers ____91____ to watch them and check their health. Over the past years, some of these porpoises ____92____ as members of a special program to protect them from the changing river environment. If the environment keeps getting worse, these porpoises may ____93____ losing their home. Scientists say that while factories cause some problems, people ____94____ the problem than they often realize, because daily actions can hurt the river. 【答案】90. live on their own 91. got together 92. have been taken in 93. be in danger of 94. are more responsible for 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了长江流域幼年江豚离开母亲后需要独立生活，研究人员对它们进行监测和保护，同时指出环境恶化和人类行为对江豚生存的威胁。 【90题详解】 句意：在长江中，幼年江豚离开母亲后常常需要独立生活。根据“after leaving their mothers”可知，此处需要一个动词短语，作谓语，表示“独立生活”，应填live on one’s own，其中one’s用their。句子描述客观事实，主语是复数，用一般现在时，谓语用动词原形。 【91题详解】 句意：1996年，研究人员聚在一起观察它们并检查它们的健康状况。此处需要一个动词短语，作谓语，表示“聚集”。句子描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，get together的过去式为got together。 【92题详解】 句意：在过去的几年里，其中一些江豚被纳入一个特殊项目，以保护它们免受不断变化的河流环境的影响。根据“some of these porpoises...as members of a special program”可知，此处需要一个动词短语，表示“被接纳为成员”，应用动词短语take in。由时间状语Over the past years可知，时态为现在完成时的被动语态，主语是复数，助动词用have，take的过去分词是taken。 【93题详解】 句意：如果环境持续恶化，这些江豚可能会面临失去家园的危险。根据“If the environment keeps getting worse”可知，此处需要一个动词短语，与may构成谓语，表示“面临……的危险”，应填be in danger of，may后接动词原形。 【94题详解】 句意：科学家表示，虽然工厂造成了一些问题，但人们往往比他们意识到的更需要对这个问题的负责。根据“people...the problem than they often realize”可知，此处需要一个动词短语，表示“对……更负责任”，应填be more responsible for，句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是people，be动词用are。 VII. Complete each sentence according to the Chinese given. (0. 5%×20=10%) 我们的星球如今正面临着严峻的环境挑战。人类活动产生的温室气体排放年复一年地增加。此外，在东非，沙漠蝗虫的数量已经失控。它们迅速吃掉庄稼，确实给当地农民带来了问题。许多家庭失去了食物和收入。难怪全世界越来越多的人呼吁采取行动。为了改变这种情况，许多国家已经开始共同努力。虽然挑战很大，但我们已经取得了一些进展。在过去的几年里，我们已经将一些主要行业的污染减少了五分之二。虽然长路漫漫，但至少我们正朝着正确的方向前进。 Our planet is facing serious environmental challenges today. The ____95____ from human activities have been increasing year after year. Besides, in East Africa, the number of ____96____ has grown out of control. They eat crops very quickly and they ____97____ local farmers. Many families lose their food and income. It’s ____98____ that more and more people around the world are calling for action. ____99____, many countries have started to work together. Although the challenges are big, we have made some progress. In the past few years, we have cut down the pollution from some major industries by ____100____. There is a long way to go, but ____101____ we are moving in the right direction. 【答案】95. greenhouse gas emissions 96. desert locusts 97. cause problems for 98. no wonder 99. To change this situation 100. two fifths 101. at least 【解析】 【导语】本文阐述了地球当前面临的两大严峻环境挑战——人类活动导致温室气体排放持续增加、东非沙漠蝗虫泛滥危害农业并影响当地民众生活。 【95题详解】 句意：人类活动产生的温室气体排放年复一年地增加。根据所给汉语意思，“温室气体排放”greenhouse gas emissions，名词短语。 【96题详解】 句意：此外，在东非，沙漠蝗虫的数量已经失控。根据所给汉语意思，“沙漠蝗虫”，desert locusts名词短语，the number of后加名词复数形式。 【97题详解】 句意：它们迅速吃掉庄稼，确实给当地农民带来了问题。根据所给汉语意思，“带来问题”cause problems for sb.并列句主语为they，前后动词时态一致，用动词原形即可。 【98题详解】 句意：难怪全世界越来越多的人呼吁采取行动。根据所给汉语意思，“难怪”It’s no wonder that…，that后接完整从句。 【99题详解】 句意：为了改变这种情况，许多国家已经开始共同努力。根据所给汉语意思，此处需用动词不定式作目的状语，“为了改变这种情况”To change this situation。 【100题详解】 句意：在过去的几年里，我们已经将一些主要行业的污染减少了五分之二。根据所给汉语意思，“五分之二”two fifths。 【101题详解】 句意：虽然长路漫漫，但至少我们正朝着正确的方向前进。根据所给汉语意思，at least“至少”在句中作状语。 VIII. Task—based reading (1%×10=10%) Chinese Astronauts Train in Caves to Prepare for Space Dark, cold and wet, a cave deep in the mountains of Wulong District, Chongqing, welcomed special visitors in winter. From December 2025 to January 2026, 28 astronauts joined China’s first cave—training mission (任务), reported Xinhua. They were divided into four teams, with each team spending six days and five nights in the cave while carrying out tasks such as scientific research and basic life—support work. The cave environment shares many similarities with space. Astronauts are separated from the outside world, have very little room to move and have limited privacy or physical comfort. These conditions can be copied in special training areas, but nothing is better than the real experience and unexpected challenges of a natural cave, according to Beijing Daily. Inside the cave, the temperature stays at an average of about 8℃, and the humidity (湿度) reaches up to 99 percent. The cave has many narrow passages and steep (陡峭的) rock walls, pushing astronauts to their physical limits. Sudden dangers, such as falling rocks or getting lost, help astronauts improve their quick—thinking and decision—making skills. Cave training also helps astronauts develop mental strength. Jiang Yuan, a psychological trainer for the astronauts, entered the cave herself during the early planning stage. “The biggest challenge for me was the darkness, ” Jiang told Xinhua. “I lost track of time, my memory started to blur (模糊) and my reactions slowed down.” Zhu Yangzhu, an astronaut who joined the cave training, also mentioned the strange quietness. “We could hear our own heartbeat and breath, ” he told CGTN after coming out of the cave. Humans are active during the day and enjoy social contact. Staying too long in darkness and being alone can cause anxiety and even hallucinations (幻觉), according to the American Psychological Association. To help astronauts get used to life in the cave, Jiang and her team used group support methods. “The data we gathered will help guide future long—term space station missions and manned lunar missions, ” Jiang told Xinhua. The European Space Agency (ESA) began studying the use of natural caves for astronaut training in 2005. Ye Guangfu took part in one of ESA’s cave training programs in Italy in 2016. “Compared with the European training, our support team intervened (干预) as little as possible,” Ye told Xinhua. This method allows astronauts to trust their own instincts (直觉) and solve problems on their own, he added. Chinese Astronauts Train in Caves to Prepare for Space℃ Basic Information of the Training Location A cave in Wulong District, Chongqing. Time The training took place during the ____102____ of 2025—2026. Participants A total of 28 astronauts were involved in this mission. Living Conditions The cave is dark, cold, wet, and deep in the mountains far ____103____ from the outside world. ●The environment is ____104____ to the outer space with very little privacy and moving space. Challenges Faced Physical Challenges Narrow passages and steep rock walls test the astronauts’ physical limits. Dealing with unexpected risks pushes the astronauts to make quick ____105____. Mental Challenges The darkness can cause a loss in sense of time, memory, and the ability to respond ____106____. · The quietness and ____107____ can cause anxiety and even hallucinations. Training ____108____ Group Support Group support can help astronauts adapt to the cave environment. Independence Building Less intervention pushes astronauts to ____109____ on their own instincts and problem—solving ability. 9. What could astronauts hear clearly inside the cave because of the quietness? (Not more than 10 words) ____________________110____________________ 10. Why might experiencing unexpected challenges in training be valuable for astronauts? (Not more than 15 words) ____________________111____________________ 【答案】102. winter 103. away##separated 104. similar 105. decisions 106. quickly 107. loneliness 108. Methods 109. rely 110. Their own heartbeat and breath. 111. It helps improve their quick-thinking and decision-making skills. 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述了中国航天员在重庆武隆区的洞穴中开展训练，为太空任务做准备的相关情况，包括训练的基本信息、面临的挑战、训练方法及相关细节问题。 【102题详解】 原文第一段明确提到“welcomed special visitors in winter”，第二段也说明训练时间为“From December 2025 to January 2026”，对应2025-2026年的冬季，因此直接提取该信息。 【103题详解】 原文第二段提到“Astronauts are separated from the outside world”，即洞穴远离外界，因此填away/separated，符合“far away/separated from the outside world”的表达。 【104题详解】 本题是直接信息题。原文第二段明确说明“The cave environment shares many similarities with the outer space”，即洞穴环境与太空相似，此处用形容词similar作表语，对应原文信息。 【105题详解】 原文第三段提到“Sudden dangers...help astronauts improve their quick—thinking and decision—making skills”，题目中“make quick ...”对应“decision-making skills”，因此填名词decisions，构成make quick decisions（快速做决定）。 【106题详解】 黑暗会导致失去快速反应的能力，即the ability to respond quickly受损，因此填quickly。 【107题详解】 原文第四段提到“Staying too long in darkness and being alone can cause anxiety and even hallucinations”，“being alone”对应loneliness（孤独），因此填loneliness，与quietness并列，说明会引发焦虑的因素。 【108题详解】 本题是标题概括题。该部分介绍了两种训练方法：Group Support（团队支持）和Independence Building（独立性培养），因此填Methods（方法），对应表格的分类标题。 【109题详解】 原文最后一段明确提到“This method allows astronauts to trust their own instincts and solve problems on their own”，因此rely与on搭配，rely on their own instincts（依靠自己的直觉）符合题目要求。 【110题详解】 原文第四段明确提到“We could hear our own heartbeat and breath”，题目要求不超过10个单词，因此提取核心信息作答。 【111题详解】 原文第三段说明“Sudden dangers...help astronauts improve their quick—thinking and decision—making skills”，题目要求不超过15个单词，因此提取核心信息作答。 IX. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words. The first letter of each word is given. (0. 5%×10=5%) The year 2026 is the Year of the Horse in the Chinese calendar. Horses are liked by people all over the world. They led soldiers into battle (战斗), pulled ploughs (犁) and served as transportation before machine vehicles were i____112____. In China, the horse carries many positive m____113____, such as smart and energetic, and we can see them in Chinese idioms. For example, a t____114____ person is often called “qianlima”, a horse that covers a thousand li a day. And someone who is good at f____115____ talent is referred to as “bole”, a person who could tell a good horse by its l____116____ in ancient China. Other horse-related phrases in Chinese include “ma dao cheng gong”, which means instant success and “long ma jing shen”, which means f____117____ of energy. Horses are also said to have powerful brains with “excellent m____118____”, according to Discovery News. Maybe that’s why a Chinese idiom g____119____: “An old horse knows the way.” Human friends may come and go, but a horse could be one of your most loyal, long-term buddies i____120____ you treat it right, suggests US director Steven Spielberg’s award-winning movie War Horse. Joey, the horse in the movie, travels all the way back through a war zone to get to his owner, Albert, who tames (驯服) and trains him. Since the horse is honored as a symbol of energy, loyalty, strong will and intelligence, people born in the Year of the Horse t____121____ are also believed to have these great qualities (品质). So, do you have a friend or a family member who will enjoy 2026 as his or her animal year? 【答案】112. invented##nvented 113. meanings##eanings 114. talented##alented 115. finding##inding 116. looks##ooks 117. full##ull 118. memory##emory 119. goes##oes 120. if##f 121. themselves##hemselves 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了2026农历马年，讲述了马在历史中的作用、在中国文化里的象征意义、马的生理特点，以及马所代表的忠诚、活力等品质，同时提及属马人的性格特质。 【112题详解】 句意：在机动车辆被发明之前，马带领士兵作战、拉犁，并充当交通工具。本句为被动语态“be + 过去分词”，结合首字母i与“机动车辆”的语境，此处指发明，首字母i对应invented。 【113题详解】 句意：在中国，马承载着许多积极的寓意，比如聪明、充满活力，这些在汉语成语中都能体现。形容词positive后接名词，many后用复数，结合首字母m和“such as smart and energetic”，此处表示“寓意、含义”，应填meanings。 【114题详解】 句意：例如，一个有才能的人常被称作“千里马”，指一天能行千里的马。空格后为名词person，需用形容词修饰，结合“千里马”，此处指代人才，首字母t对应talented。 【115题详解】 句意：而善于发现人才的人被称为“伯乐”，伯乐是中国古代能凭借外表识别好马的人。固定搭配be good at doing sth.，意为“擅长做某事”，结合伯乐识才的含义，首字母f对应finding。 【116题详解】 句意：而善于发现人才的人被称为“伯乐”，伯乐是中国古代能凭借外表识别好马的人。介词by后接名词，伯乐通过外貌判断马匹，首字母l对应looks。 【117题详解】 句意：中文里其他与马相关的俗语包括 “马到成功”，意思是立刻取得成功；以及 “龙马精神”，意思是精力充沛、精神饱满。固定搭配full of energy“充满精力”，首字母f对应full。 【118题详解】 句意：据探索新闻报道，马还被认为拥有发达的大脑，并且“记忆力极佳”。形容词excellent后接名词，由后文“老马识途”可知，马记忆力好，首字母m对应memory。 【119题详解】 句意：也许这就是为什么有句汉语成语说道：“老马识途。” 固定表达a saying/idiom goes“谚语/成语说道”，主语为单数，一般现在时，首字母g对应goes。 【120题详解】 句意：美国导演史蒂文・斯皮尔伯格的获奖影片《战马》暗示我们：人的朋友来来去去，但只要你善待马匹，它就会成为你最忠诚、最长久的伙伴之一。根据“Human friends may come and go, but a horse could be one of your most loyal, long-term buddies…you treat it right”的语境可知，此处表示条件，此处引导条件状语从句，表达“如果”，首字母i对应if。 【121题详解】 句意：由于马被誉为活力、忠诚、坚强意志与智慧的象征，因此人们也认为属马的人本身就具备这些优秀品质。“people born in the Year of the Horse…are also believed to have these great qualities”表明“们也认为属马的人本身就具备这些优秀品质”，用反身代词themselves。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $