Unit 2 Natural Disasters 阅读·久久为功-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册教师用书word（译林版）

本讲义围绕“自然灾害”主题构建高中英语学习体系，以主题名句积累为引入，通过地震逃生、海啸自救、庞贝古城等课文阅读为核心，衔接词汇记忆、写作范文及气候变化拓展阅读，形成“输入-内化-输出”的完整学习支架，帮助学生系统掌握主题语言知识与文化内涵。 该资料亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，课文对译和难句破解助力学生提升语言理解与表达能力，灾难案例分析（如小学生地震逃生、女孩海啸救人）培养问题解决思维。文化意识方面，引用雨果名言与“一方有难，八方支援”等中外名句增强跨文化认知。课中辅助教师开展主题教学，课后助力学生词汇巩固与写作提升，实现知识查漏补缺。

附：《阅读·久久为功》 一、背主题名句，写大气文章 1．(教材名句)Nature is kind of a loving mother, but also a butcher in cold blood.—Victor Hugo 大自然是慈爱的母亲，也是冷血的屠夫。 ——维克多·雨果 2．The fear of the disaster is worse than the disaster itself. 对灾难的恐惧比灾难本身更可怕。 3．When trouble occurs at one spot, help comes from all quarters. 一方有难，八方支援。 4．Disasters are not terrible.What is terrible is that there is no hope in our hearts. 灾难并不可怕，可怕的是心中没有了希望。 二、课文不厌百遍读，书中自有“黄金屋” 课文1　 Pupils' lives spared during Falmont earthquake (弗尔蒙特发生地震　小学生成功逃生) ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— By Raymond Tran 18 March FALMONT — On 17 March, 476 students and 36 teachers at Falmont Primary School escaped Only 5 students suffered slight injuries, despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured in the disaster area at large. ———————————————————————————————————————— ———————————————————————————————————————— ———————————————————————————————————————— ———————————————————————————————————————— [课文对译] 雷蒙德·特兰 3月18日 弗尔蒙特——3月17日下午2：27，一场地震袭击了弗尔蒙特县，弗尔蒙特小学476名学生和36名教师成功逃生。尽管目前整个灾区伤亡数据为7人死亡，200多人受伤，(弗尔蒙特小学)却仅有5名学生受轻伤。 [难句破解]　句①　that引导定语从句，修饰先行词an earthquake。 ——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————　　Her students' reaction was quick and correct — they moved under their desks, head first, and held on to the legs of the desks. At the same time, Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door, in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open. There were loud crashes of glass breaking and things falling to the ground, but the students remained still and waited calmly and quietly. —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— [课文对译] 弗尔蒙特小学校长艾丽斯·布朗当时正在授课，突然地面开始晃动。她的学生们反应迅速正确——他们头朝里，钻到桌子下面，并紧紧抓住桌腿。与此同时，布朗女士立刻打开教室门，以防门在震动中损坏打不开。尽管玻璃破碎、东西倒地发出阵阵巨响，但是学生们仍然一动不动，沉着安静地等待着。 [难句破解]　句②　本句包含“be doing ...when ...”句型，表示“正在做……这时(突然)……”。 ——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands. Within one minute and twenty seconds, the whole class went down the stairs and rushed to the playground. Soon students from other classes arrived too. After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound， they relaxed， laughing， crying and “We practise earthquake safety procedures twice a year，” said Miss Brown, “so the kids were calm enough to protect themselves during the earthquake.” —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— [课文对译] 晃动一停止，布朗女士立即意识到这是全班逃生的最好时机。她示意学生们用双手护着头，排好队，有序离开教室。1分20秒内，全班下楼梯，跑到了操场上。很快，其他班的学生也赶到了。点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，大家才松了一口气，笑啊，哭啊，互相拥抱着。 “我们每年进行两次地震安全规程演练，”布朗女士说，“因此在地震时，孩子们都十分镇定，能够保护好自己。” [难句破解]　句③　the moment引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”。 句④　本句为主从复合句。主句为they relaxed ...; after在此引导时间状语从句；that在此引导宾语从句，作confirmed的宾语；laughing, crying and hugging each other为三个并列的现在分词作伴随状语。 Girl saves 100 from tsunami (女孩拯救百人免遭海啸袭击) —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— By Jessie Cable 21 December NEWDALE — On 20 December, a series of huge waves caused by an undersea across the ocean near Goldshore and left thousands dead.Goldshore Beach was to survive the disaster without any loss of life. A 10－year－old girl, Sabrina Andron, helped around 100 people escape danger with her knowledge of tsunamis. —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— [课文对译] 杰西·凯布尔 12月21日 纽代尔——12月20日，由海底地震引发的巨浪接连席卷了金海岸附近海域，造成数千人死亡。金海岸海滩是当地唯一一个在此次灾难中没有任何人员损失的海滩。一个10岁的女孩，萨布丽娜·安德龙，利用自己掌握的海啸知识帮助大约100人脱险。 [难句破解]　句①　caused by ...earthquake为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰huge waves；left thousands dead为“leave＋宾语＋宾补”结构，形容词dead作宾补。 句②　beach前有the only修饰，故其后用不定式短语作后置定语。 ——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————The day began like any other on Goldshore Beach. People were walking, running or simply sitting on the sandy beach, enjoying the warm sea air and the soft wind that brushed their hair. Sabrina was one of the happy tourists until she noticed something odd. “The water was like the bubbles on the top of a beer，” she later explained. “It wasn't calm and it wasn't going in and then out. It was just coming in and in and in.” Sabrina had just learnt about tsunamis in a Geography lesson. It immediately occurred —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— [课文对译] 那天刚开始，金海岸海滩上与往常一样。人们在散步、晨跑，或者就是坐在沙滩上，享受着温暖的海边空气和拂过发际的微风。萨布丽娜是这群快乐游客中的一位，直到她察觉到一丝异样。“海水像啤酒表面的泡沫一样，”她后来解释说，“不平静，也没有潮来潮去。海水只是一个劲儿地涌过来，涌过来，再涌过来。”萨布丽娜刚在一节地理课上学习了有关海啸的知识。她立刻意识到这是海啸来临的前兆。 [难句破解]　句③　It为形式主语，后面的that从句为真正的主语。 ——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————Sabrina was frightened, but she soon kept her head. She warned her parents of the danger, However, on its way and kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer. To her great relief, the officer immediately realized the coming danger. The beach was rapidly cleared of people, just before the huge waves crashed into the coast. —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— [课文对译] 萨布丽娜吓坏了，不过她很快冷静下来。她提醒父母有危险，但一开始他们只当她是在开玩笑。不过，萨布丽娜确信，一场可怕的灾难正在逼近，于是便不停地让父母去和安全员谈一谈。使她大为宽慰的是，安全员立即意识到危险即将来临。就在巨浪拍岸的前一刻，海滩上的人迅速疏散一空。 [难句破解]　句④　though引导让步状语从句。 句⑤　be certain that ...意为“确信/确定……”。 课文2　　The Last Days of Pompeii (Excerpt) [庞贝城的末日(节选)] Edward Bulwer－Lytton (1803－1873) was a talented British writer who left his mark on the English language. His classic novel The Last Days of Pompeii imagines life in the ancient Roman city of Pompeii in the year 79, when Mount Vesuvius erupted. This terrible natural disaster destroyed Pompeii completely, but it also kept the ancient city as it was for future ages. Since 1748, Pompeii has been systematically unearthed. Today it is an international tourist destination. [课文对译] 爱德华·布尔沃－利顿(1803－1873)是一位才华横溢的英国作家，对英语语言产生了深远的影响。在其经典小说《庞贝城的末日》中，他对公元79年维苏威火山爆发时，古罗马城市庞贝的生活场景展开了想象。这场骇人天灾将庞贝城彻底摧毁，却又为后世保存了这座古城的原貌。从1748年起，庞贝城开始得到系统发掘。如今这里已成为国际旅游胜地。 ——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————Pompeii was a typical Roman city. In its little shops, its tiny palaces, its forum, its wine bars, its theatre — in the energy and skill of its people, you saw a model of the whole Roman Empire. Trading ships bringing imports to the city or carrying exports overseas, along with golden pleasure boats for the rich, were crowded together in the glassy water of the port. The boats of the fishermen moved rapidly in all directions. Above all, the cloud－capped top of Mount Vesuvius appeared. Its ashy rocks, now dark, now light, told a story of past eruptions that might have warned —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— [课文对译] 庞贝是一座典型的罗马城市。从它的一个个小商铺、一座座小殿宇、广场、酒馆、剧场中——从庞贝人的活力和技艺中，你能看到整个古罗马帝国的缩影。进口货物到城内、出口货物到海外的商船，以及富贵人家金灿灿的游船，齐聚在港口波光粼粼的水面上。条条渔船向着四面八方疾行。在这一切的上方，云雾笼罩的维苏威火山山顶若隐若现。火山岩忽明忽暗，讲述着几度喷发的往事，这原本可以警告这座城市里的人们，即将到来的是什么！ [难句破解]　句①　that在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词a story；what was to come作warned的宾语，其中was to come为“be to do”结构，表将来；might have done表示过去本可以做但实际上并没有做，含有轻微的责备或惋惜之意。 ——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————The awful night rolled slowly away, and the dawn greyly broke on THE LAST DAY OF POMPEII! The crowd looked upwards， and saw， with unspeakable fear， a huge cloud It took the form of a huge tree: the trunk, blackness, the branches, fire! This fire moved and changed in colour with every moment: now it was wildly bright, now of a pale and dying red, and now again it burnt with an unbearable light! —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— [课文对译] 可怕的夜晚缓缓退去，晦暗的晨光开启了庞贝城的末日！人们抬头仰望，眼前景象让他们感到莫名恐惧，只见一团庞大的云正从火山口喷薄而出。它形似一株巨树：树干，黑魆魆的；枝叶，那是火！火焰翻腾着，颜色变幻不定，时而极明亮，时而又变得微弱，呈现熄灭之前的暗红，时而又烧起来，放出刺眼的强光！ [难句破解]　句②　and在此连接两个并列谓语looked和saw。saw ... a huge cloud shooting是“感官动词＋宾语＋宾补”结构。 ——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————The cries of women broke out; the men looked at each other, but were silent. At that moment, they felt the earth shaking beneath their feet; beyond in the distance, they heard the crash of falling roofs. A moment later, the mountain－cloud seemed to roll towards them, dark and rapid, like a river; at the same time, it threw out a shower of ashes and huge pieces of burning stone! Over the empty streets — over the forum — far and wide — with many a noisy crash in the stormy sea — fell that awful shower! Each turned to fly — each running, pressing, pushing against the other. If, in the darkness, wife was separated from husband, or parent from child, there was no hope of their meeting again. Each hurried blindly and fearfully on. —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— [课文对译] 女人们开始尖叫；男人们面面相觑，却都一言不发。那一刻，他们感到脚下的大地正在颤抖；他们听到远处有屋顶坍塌的巨响。过了片刻，山上的云团似乎正向他们滚滚而来，阴沉迅猛，如汹涌的江水；与此同时，云团中抛洒下阵雨似的火山灰和大块大块燃烧着的石头，落在空荡荡的街道，落在广场上，四面八方，还有许多掉在波涛汹涌的大海里，发出阵阵巨响——下了一场可怕的大雨！ 所有人都赶忙飞奔——他们奔跑，拥挤，你推我搡。黑暗中，一旦妻离子散，就绝不可能重逢了。每个人都惊慌失措地盲目奔逃。这时，地震来了……庞贝城的生活就此终结。 [难句破解]　句③　本句是由and连接的并列句，两个分句都为全部倒装句。 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— Nearly seventeen centuries had rolled away before the city of Pompeii was dug from its silent resting place. Its walls were fresh ； not a single colour changed on the rich pattern of its floors. In its forum, the half－finished columns seemed as if just left by the workman's hand. Long after fire and ash came for the people of Pompeii, the remains of their beautiful city survive to remind us that human lives burn bright and short. —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— [课文对译] 时间流过了近十七个世纪，庞贝城终于从它寂静的长眠之地被发掘出来。它的墙壁依然新得像昨天刚刚刷完；地板上繁复的图案，一点都没有褪色。广场上，那些尚未完工的石柱看起来就像刚刚离开工匠之手。在大火和火山灰袭击庞贝人很久很久之后，他们美丽城市的遗迹得以留存下来，提醒我们人类的生命灿烂而短暂。 [难句破解]　句④　as if引导的方式状语从句的省略。 三、词汇记忆无诀窍，适时“回首”记得牢 1．county n．　　　　 　 郡，县 2．injure vt. 伤害，使受伤；损害 拓展 同义|damage, hurt 3．disaster n. 灾难，灾害；彻底失败 4．at large 整个，全部 5．reaction n. 反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应 拓展|react vi. 起反应；对……作出反应 6．crash n. 碰撞声，破裂声；碰撞；崩溃 vi.& vt. 碰撞，撞击；崩溃 7．signal vi.& vt. 发信号，示意；标志 n. 信号，暗号；标志；信号灯 8．exit vt.& vi. 出去，离去，退场；退出 n. 出口，通道；离开 反义 9．orderly adj. 有秩序的，有条理的，整齐的 10．stair n. 楼梯；梯级 11．roll n. 名单；卷；一管；翻滚 vi.& vt. 翻滚；滚动；翻身；卷起 搭配|roll call 点名 12．confirm vt. 证实，确认；使确信；批准 13．safe and sound 安然无恙的 14．hug vt. 拥抱，搂抱；抱紧 15．procedure n. 程序，步骤，手续 16．tsunami n. 海啸 17．odd adj. 奇怪的，怪异的；偶尔的；不成对的 18．bubble n. 泡沫，泡，气泡 19．occur vi. 发生，出现；存在于 搭配|occur to 被想到，浮现在脑中 20．keep one's head (在困境中)保持冷静 21．relief n. 宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济 拓展 22．typhoon n. 台风 23．destructive adj. 引起破坏(或毁灭)的， 破坏(或毁灭)性的 拓展 24．pole n. 柱，杆；极 25．inform vt. 了解，熟悉；通知 26．hurricane n. 飓风 27．conference n. 会议，研讨会；讨论，商谈 28．shock n. 震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt. 使震惊 拓展 29．scare vt.& vi. 惊吓，害怕 n. 恐慌；惊吓 拓展 30．power n. 电，电力；权力；政权； 控制力；能力；能量；力量 拓展 31．run out of 用完，耗尽 32．supply n. 补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备 vt. 供应，供给，提供 联想|demand n．&v. 需要，需求 33．donate vt. 捐赠，赠送；献(血) 34．charity n. 慈善机构(或组织)；慈善，施舍； 仁爱，宽容 35．staff n. 全体职工；管理人员 vt. 在……工作，任职于 36．slide n. 幻灯片；降低；滑行；山崩 vi.& vt. 滑行；逐渐陷入 37．fund n. 资金；基金 38．flood n. 洪水，水灾；大量 vi.& vt. 淹没，泛滥；大量涌入；充满 39．downstairs adv. 在楼下，往楼下 n. 楼下 40．document n. 文件，公文；(计算机中的)文档 41．honey n. (爱称)亲爱的；蜂蜜 42．otherwise adv. 否则，不然；除此以外 43．curious adj. 好奇的；奇特的 拓展|curiosity n. 好奇；好奇心 44．Roman adj. 古罗马的；罗马的 n. 古罗马人；罗马人 45．erupt vi.& vt. (火山)爆发；突然发生 拓展|eruption n. (战争等)爆发 46．unearth vt. 使出土，挖掘，发掘；发现，找到 47．destination n. 目的地，终点 48．bar n. 酒吧；小馆子；吧台；条，块；栏杆；障碍 vt. 封；阻挡；阻止 49．import n. 进口产品，输入的产品；输入 vt. 进口，引进 反义 50．port n. 港口，避风港；港口城市 51．cloud－capped adj. 高耸入云的，耸入云霄的 52．ashy adj. 覆盖着灰的；灰色的 53．dawn n. 黎明，破晓；开端，萌芽 vi. 开始；开始清楚 54．volcano n. 火山 55．take the form of 呈现……的形状；采取……的形式 56．trunk n. 树干 57．unbearable adj. 难耐的，无法忍受的 拓展 58．break out 突然开始，爆发 59．beyond adv. 在(或向)较远处，在另一边 prep. 在(或向)更远处；超出； 晚于；无法；超出……之外 60．distance n. 遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远 拓展|distant adj. 遥远的；冷淡的 61．far and wide 到处，各处 62．pattern n. 图案，花样；模式；范例；模型 63．column n. 柱，圆柱；柱状物；栏；专栏；队，列 64．rescue n．& vt. 救援，营救，抢救 65．sharp adj. 灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的； 明显的；尖锐的；强烈的 拓展|sharpen vt.& vi. (使)变得锋利，变得清晰；使尖锐 66．locate vt. 找出……的准确位置； 把……安置在(或建造于) 拓展|location n. 地点，位置 67．retire vi.& vt. 退休，退职 四、范文佳作多背诵，写作增分最实用 (一)单元写作任务范文背诵 写作话题 　爱心捐赠 假定你是你校英语杂志特约小记者，上周你校开展了“爱心包裹(Loving Parcels)”捐赠活动，给洪涝灾区的学生捐赠物品。请根据以下内容写一篇新闻报道，内容包括： 1．全校师生捐赠物品； 2．填写爱心祝福卡片； 3．将包裹寄给灾区学生。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 [推荐范文] Loving Parcels In order to help the students in the flood area, our school held a “Loving Parcels” donation activity last week. All of the teachers and students took an active part in the activity.They donated their clothes, books, and schoolbags and all of them were badly needed.In addition, they also wrote down the best wishes to those students on cards, which would be collected and delivered to the schools that were affected by the flood. Not only did the activity help us express our care for the students and send our sincere wishes to them, but it also taught us that we should value what we have. (二)单元主题优美语段背诵 语段1　震前迹象 For several days, the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell.There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of it.Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide, and fish jumped out of the water. 一连几天，村里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏，井壁上出现了深深的裂缝，至少有一口水井冒出臭气。鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。老鼠跑到田外，寻找藏身之所；鱼儿也跳出水面。 语段2　地震现场 A huge crack, eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide, cut across houses, roads, and waterways.Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins.Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.Thousands of children were left without parents. 一条8千米长、30米宽的巨大裂缝横切房屋、道路和水路。坚硬的石山变成了泥石流。在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城市沦为废墟。城里三分之二的居民在地震中死亡或受伤，数以千计的孩子失去了父母。 语段3　震后废墟 Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins.Nearly everything in the city was destroyed.Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away.Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross.The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal.Sand now filled the wells instead of water.People were in shock. 幸存者目及之处无一不是废墟，万物尽毁。砖块就像秋天的红叶覆盖着地面，但是却没有风能将其吹走。大多数桥梁不是坍塌了，就是无法安全通行了；铁轨变成了废金属块。沙子灌满水井，井水消失殆尽。人们惊恐万状。 五、主题集群阅读，拓展主题认知 时尚悦读　气候变化需要全世界的关注 We have known about climate change for decades. warmer and warmer.A warming ocean and atmosphere along with melting ice and rising sea levels provide evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate. Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature? Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”， which has two common meanings: the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man－made” greenhouse effect.The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth's surface as short－wave radiation.The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths.Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methane and carbon dioxide, trap some of the heat, keeping Earth's climate warm and habitable.Without this process, Earth could not sustain life.However, the “man－made” greenhouse effect has now become a big problem.When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth's surface temperature to rise quickly. extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives. Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions, this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay.In fact, news reports are frequently [难句破解]　 句①　“There is little doubt that ...”是固定句式，表示“毫无疑问……”，that 在此引导同位语从句。 句②　本句中“that the rise ...human lives”为that引导的同位语从句，解释说明strong and comprehensive evidence的内容。“not only causing ...human lives”为not only ...but also连接的两个现在分词短语作结果状语。 句③　causing deaths and economic losses为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰extreme rainstorms and heatwaves。 [助读译文] 我们了解气候变化已有数十年之久了。毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越温暖。海洋和大气变暖，以及冰层融化、海平面上升，都为全球气候急剧变化提供了依据。 那么，到底是什么导致全球平均地表温度上升呢？气候科学家常常会提到一个关键的气候过程——“温室效应”；它有两个常见的含义：“天然”温室效应和“人造”温室效应。“天然”温室效应指的是来自太阳的热量以短波辐射的形式进入大气层，使地表变暖。这一热量以更大的波长被释放回大气层。大气层中甲烷、二氧化碳等温室气体困住了部分热量，从而使地球保持气候温暖、适宜居住。如果没有这一过程，地球就无法维系生命。然而，“人造”温室效应现在却成为一个大问题。当人类由于燃烧化石燃料产生了大量额外的温室气体，更多的热能被困在大气层中，导致地表温度迅速上升。 确凿、全面的证据表明，温度上升导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增多，不仅造成严重破坏，而且使人丧命。气候学家已发出警告：如果我们不采取适当的行动，这种变暖的趋势可能会持续下去，而我们将为此付出更大的代价。事实上，有关极端暴风雨和热浪造成死亡和经济损失的新闻报道已屡见不鲜。 108 / 108 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $