期中（Unit1-4）专题复习·句型&语法 2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册

八年级英语(人教版)下册期中(Unit1-4)专题复习 句型&语法 一、句型专题 Unit 1 Time to Relax 1. Sb. wants to relax by doing sth. 解析:want to relax 表“想要放松”,by doing sth. 是介词短语,用于说明放松的具体方式,want 随主语人称和数的变化而变化。 I want to relax by listening to music after school. 放学后,我想通过听音乐来放松。 She wants to relax by watching cartoons on weekends. 周末,她想通过看动画片来放松。 2. What do you like to do to relax? 解析:特殊疑问句,to relax 作为目的状语,用于询问对方的放松方式,语气自然。 What do you like to do to relax? 你喜欢做什么来放松? I like to take a walk in the park to relax.我喜欢在公园里散步来放松。 3. It’s important to relax and have fun. 解析:It 作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式短语 to relax and have fun,important 是形容词,用于强调放松的重要性。 It’s important to relax and have fun on weekends. 周末放松和娱乐是很重要的。 It’s important to relax after a long time of study. 长时间学习后放松是很重要的。 4. Doing sth. is a good way to relax. 解析:动名词短语 Doing sth. 作主语,a good way to do sth. 是固定搭配,意为“做某事的好方式”,用于介绍有效的放松方法。 Reading books is a good way to relax. 读书是一种很好的放松方式。 Doing sports is a good way to relax and keep healthy. 做运动是一种放松和保持健康的好方式。 Unit 2 Stay Healthy 5. It’s important for us to stay healthy. 解析:It’s + 形容词 + for sb. + to do sth. 固定句型,It 是形式主语,for us 说明对象,to stay healthy 是真正主语,强调保持健康对我们的重要性。 It’s important for us to stay healthy every day. 对我们来说,每天保持健康是很重要的。 It’s important for teenagers to stay healthy both in body and mind. 对青少年来说,保持身心健康是很重要的。 6. We should do sth. to keep healthy. 解析:should 是情态动词,后接动词原形,表“应该”,用于提出保持健康的建议;to keep healthy 作目的状语,说明做某事的目的。 We should exercise every day to keep healthy. 我们应该每天锻炼来保持健康。 We should eat more vegetables to keep healthy. 我们应该多吃蔬菜来保持健康。 7. How can we stay healthy? 解析:特殊疑问句,how 用于询问方式、方法,该句型用于向他人请教保持健康的具体办法,语气亲切自然。 How can we stay healthy? 我们怎样才能保持健康? We can drink enough water and get enough sleep. 我们可以喝足够的水,保证充足的睡眠。 8. Eating healthy food is good for us. 解析:动名词短语 Eating healthy food 作主语,be good for 是固定短语,意为“对……有益”,用于说明健康饮食的好处。 Eating healthy food is good for our body. 吃健康的食物对我们的身体有益。 Unit 3 Growing Up 9. As we grow up, we learn to do sth. 解析:as 引导时间状语从句,意为“随着”,强调“一边长大,一边学会做某事”,从句用一般现在时,主句用一般现在时或一般将来时,贴合成长场景。 As we grow up, we learn to take care of ourselves. 随着我们长大,我们学会照顾自己。 As we grow up, we learn to understand our parents and respect their opinions. 随着我们长大,我们学会理解父母并尊重他们的意见。 10. Sb. has trouble (in) doing sth. 解析:trouble 是不可数名词,(in) doing sth. 中 in 可省略,该句型表示“做某事遇到困难”,常用来描述成长中遇到的烦恼。 I have trouble (in) making decisions when growing up. 我长大后在做决定方面有困难。 She has trouble (in) communicating with her classmates at school. 她在学校和同学交流有困难。 11. It’s normal for teenagers to have worries. 解析:It’s + 形容词 + for sb. + to do sth. 固定句型,normal 意为“正常的”,用于安慰他人,说明青少年在成长中有烦恼是正常现象。 It’s normal for teenagers to have worries about study. 青少年有学习方面的烦恼是正常的。 It’s normal for us to have some worries when we grow up. 我们长大后有一些烦恼是正常的。 12. We can solve our problems by talking with others. 解析:solve problems 意为“解决问题”,by doing sth. 表方式,意为“通过做某事”,用于说明解决成长中困难的具体方法。 We can solve our problems by talking with our parents. 我们可以通过和父母交谈来解决问题。 Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature 13. What are the wonders of nature? 解析:特殊疑问句,what 作主语,询问“自然奇观是什么”,wonder 此处为可数名词,意为“奇观、奇迹”。 What is the greatest wonder of nature in China? 中国最伟大的自然奇观是什么? The Grand Canyon is one of the greatest wonders of nature. 科罗拉多大峡谷是最伟大的自然奇观之一。 14. The wonders of nature are beautiful and amazing. 解析:陈述句,用于描述自然奇观的特征,wonders of nature 意为“自然奇观”,beautiful 和 amazing 是形容词,用于修饰自然奇观。 The wonders of nature are beautiful and amazing to see. 自然奇观看起来既美丽又令人惊叹。 15. We can enjoy the wonders of nature by going outside. 解析:enjoy the wonders of nature 意为“欣赏自然奇观”,by doing sth. 表方式,说明欣赏自然奇观的途径。 We can enjoy the wonders of nature by going hiking. 我们可以通过远足来欣赏自然奇观。 16. It’s fun to learn about the wonders of nature. 解析:It’s + 形容词 + to do sth. 固定句型,fun 意为“有趣的”,to learn about the wonders of nature 是真正主语,强调了解自然奇观的乐趣。 It’s fun to learn about the wonders of nature in class. 在课堂上了解自然奇观是很有趣的。 二、短语专题 Unit 1 Time to Relax 1. free time 空闲时间 I have a lot of free time on weekends.我周末有很多空闲时间。 We can do what we like in our free time.我们可以在空闲时间做自己喜欢的事。 2. listen to music 听音乐 I like to listen to music to relax after school.放学后,我喜欢听音乐来放松。 She often listens to music when she has free time.她有空的时候经常听音乐。 3. watch movies 看电影 My family and I watch movies together on weekends.我和我的家人周末一起看电影。 Watching movies is a good way to relax in free time.看电影是空闲时间放松的好方式。 4. take a walk 散步 My grandpa takes a walk after dinner every day.我爷爷每天晚饭后散步。 I often take a walk in the park to relax.我经常在公园里散步来放松。 5. a good way to relax 放松的好方式 Reading books is a good way to relax.读书是一种很好的放松方式。 Doing sports is a good way to relax and keep fit.做运动是一种放松和保持健康的好方式。 Unit 2 Stay Healthy 6. stay healthy=keep healthy 保持健康 It’s important for us to stay healthy every day.对我们来说,每天保持健康是很重要的。 She keeps healthy by exercising every morning.她每天早上通过锻炼保持健康。 7. do exercise 做运动 We should do exercise every day to keep our bodies strong.我们应该每天做运动来保持身体强壮。 My brother does exercise for an hour every afternoon.我弟弟每天下午做一个小时的运动。 8. healthy food 健康食物 Eating healthy food is good for our health.吃健康的食物对我们的健康有益。 We should eat more healthy food like vegetables and fruit.我们应该多吃蔬菜和水果之类的健康食物。 9. be good for 对……有益 Eating apples is good for our teeth.吃苹果对我们的牙齿有益。 Doing morning exercises is good for our body.做早操对我们的身体有益。 Unit 3 Growing Up 10. grow up 长大 As we grow up, we become more independent.随着我们长大,我们变得更加独立。 I want to be a doctor when I grow up.我长大后想成为一名医生。 11. take care of 照顾 As we grow up, we learn to take care of ourselves.随着我们长大,我们学会照顾自己。 I can take care of my little sister when my parents are out.我父母外出时,我可以照顾我的小妹妹。 12. have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 I have trouble (in) learning English grammar.我在学习英语语法方面有困难。 She has trouble (in) making friends at her new school.她在新学校交朋友有困难。 13. solve problems 解决问题 We can solve problems by talking with our parents.我们可以通过和父母交谈来解决问题。 Working together helps us solve problems easily.一起合作帮助我们更容易地解决问题。 14. talk with sb. 和某人交谈 I often talk with my teachers about my study.我经常和我的老师谈论我的学习。 We can talk with our friends when we have worries.我们有烦恼的时候可以和朋友交谈。 Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature 15. the wonders of nature 自然奇观 The Grand Canyon is one of the greatest wonders of nature.科罗拉多大峡谷是最伟大的自然奇观之一。 We are all surprised by the beauty of the wonders of nature.我们都被自然奇观的美丽所震惊。 16. go hiking 去远足 We often go hiking on weekends to enjoy nature.我们经常在周末去远足欣赏自然。 Going hiking is a good way to enjoy the wonders of nature.去远足是欣赏自然奇观的好方式。 17. go outside 外出 We can go outside to breathe fresh air and enjoy nature.我们可以外出呼吸新鲜空气,欣赏自然。 She likes to go outside with her friends after school.她放学后喜欢和朋友一起外出。 18. learn about 了解 We can learn about the wonders of nature in our English class.我们可以在英语课上了解自然奇观。 I want to learn about different wonders of nature around the world.我想了解世界各地不同的自然奇观。 19. in the natural world 在自然界 There are many amazing things in the natural world.自然界中有很多令人惊叹的事物。 The wonders of nature exist in the natural world.自然奇观存在于自然界中。 三、语法专题 语法1:It 作形式主语 1. 定义:当不定式短语(to do sth.)、动名词短语(doing sth.)或从句作主语时,为了避免句子头重脚轻,常用 It 作形式主语,把真正的主语放在句子末尾。 2. 结构:It’s + 形容词 + (for sb.) + to do sth. 3. 说明: ① It 无实际意义,仅作形式主语,不能省略; ② for sb. 可省略,用于说明动作的对象,如“对我们来说”“对青少年来说”; ③ 形容词,如 important(重要的)、fun(有趣的)、normal(正常的)、exciting(令人兴奋的)。 4. 例句 ① It’s important for us to stay healthy.对我们来说,保持健康是很重要的。 ② It’s fun to learn about the wonders of nature.了解自然奇观是很有趣的。 ③ It’s normal for teenagers to have worries.青少年有烦恼是正常的。 5. 提醒:不定式直接作主语(To relax is important.)符合语法规则,为避免句子头重脚轻,更常用 It 作形式主语(It’s important to relax.)。 语法2:by doing sth. 表方式 1. 定义:by + 动名词(doing sth.),表示“通过做某事”,用于说明做某事的方式、方法或手段。 2. 用法: ① 常与 solve problems(解决问题)、relax(放松)、stay healthy(保持健康)、learn about(了解); ② by 后必须接动名词(doing),不能接动词原形或不定式(to do)。 3. 区别:by doing sth.(表方式,“怎么做”) vs. to do sth.(表目的,“为了做什么”) 例句: We can relax by listening to music.我们可以通过听音乐来放松。 We listen to music to relax.我们听音乐是为了放松。 4. 例句: ① I want to relax by watching movies.我想通过看电影来放松。 ② We can stay healthy by doing exercise every day.我们可以通过每天锻炼来保持健康。 ③ We can learn about the wonders of nature by going hiking.我们可以通过徒步旅行来领略大自然的奇妙之处。 语法3:情态动词 should / shouldn’t 的用法 1. 定义:should 是情态动词,无人称和数的变化,后接动词原形,主要用于提出建议、表达责任或义务。 2. 结构: ① 肯定句:主语 + should + 动词原形 + 其他(应该做某事) ② 否定句:主语 + shouldn’t + 动词原形 + 其他(不应该做某事) ③ 一般疑问句:Should + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?(询问是否应该做某事) (肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + should. 否定回答:No, 主语 + shouldn’t.) 3. 例句: ① We should exercise every day to stay healthy.(建议)我们应该每天锻炼来保持健康。 ② We shouldn’t stay up late. It’s bad for our health.(禁止)我们不应该熬夜,这对我们的健康不好。 ③ We should take care of ourselves when we grow up.(义务)我们长大后应该照顾好自己。 ④ —Should we go outside to relax?(询问建议)我们应该出去放松吗? —Yes, we should. / No, we shouldn’t.(回答)是的,我们应该。/ 不,我们不应该。 4. 提醒:should 后必须接动词原形,不能接动名词或不定式(误:We should exercising. 正:We should exercise.) 语法4:as 引导的时间状语从句 1. 定义:as 是连词,意为“随着”,引导时间状语从句,强调“一边……一边……”,侧重主句和从句的动作同步进行。 2. 规则: ① 从句(as 引导的部分)常用一般现在时,表示“随着某种情况的持续”; ② 主句可根据语境用一般现在时(强调习惯性动作)或一般将来时(强调未来的变化); ③ 区别于 when 引导的时间状语从句(when 可表示瞬间动作,as 侧重持续同步)。 3. 例句: ① As we grow up, we learn to take care of ourselves.随着我们长大,我们学会照顾自己。 ② As we grow up, we will become more independent.随着我们长大,我们将会变得更加独立。 语法5:动名词作主语 1. 定义:动名词(doing sth.)是由动词原形加 -ing 构成,可在句子中作主语,相当于名词,侧重“做某事这件事”。 2. 结构:Doing sth. + 谓语动词(单数) + 其他(因为动名词作主语,谓语动词用三单形式) 3. 例句: ① Reading books is a good way to relax.读书是一种很好的放松方式。 ② Eating healthy food is good for our health.吃健康的食物对我们的健康有益。 ③ Going hiking is a good way to enjoy nature.去远足是欣赏自然的好方式。 4. 提醒:动名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数(误:Reading books are good. 正:Reading books is good.) 语法6:have trouble (in) doing sth. 的用法 1. 定义:固定句型,意为“某人做某事有困难”,trouble 是不可数名词,(in) doing sth. 中 in 可省略。 2. 结构:主语 + have / has + trouble (in) + doing sth.(have / has 随主语人称和数变化) 3. 例句: ① I have trouble (in) learning English.我在学习英语方面有困难。 ② She has trouble (in) communicating with her parents.她在和父母交流方面有困难。 ③ Many teenagers have trouble (in) making friends.很多青少年在交朋友方面有困难。 4. 提醒:trouble 后必须接动名词(doing),不能接动词原形或不定式(误:I have trouble to learn. 正:I have trouble learning.) 四、易错点辨析 1. by doing sth.(表方式) vs. to do sth.(表目的) ① 区别:by doing sth. 回答“how(怎样做)”,说明做某事的方式、方法;to do sth. 回答“why(为什么做)”,说明做某事的目的。 ② 例句: How do you relax? I relax by listening to music.(by doing 表方式,回答 how)你怎样放松?我通过听音乐放松。 Why do you listen to music? I listen to music to relax.(to do 表目的,回答 why)你为什么听音乐?我听音乐是为了放松。 ③ 易错: 误:We exercise to keeping healthy.(to do 表目的,后接原形) 正:We exercise to keep healthy.我们锻炼是为了保持健康。 误:We keep healthy by do exercise.(by 后接动名词) 正:We keep healthy by doing exercise.我们通过锻炼保持健康。 2. too much + 不可数名词 vs. too many + 可数名词复数 ① 区别:两者均表示“太多……”,too much 后接不可数名词(无复数形式),too many 后接可数名词复数(有复数形式)。 ②名词对应: too much + 不可数名词:time(时间)、stress(压力)、trouble(困难)、health(健康)、exercise(运动) too many + 可数名词复数:worries(烦恼)、wonders(奇观)、exercises(练习题)、movies(电影) ③ 易错纠错: 误:There are too much worries.(worries 是可数复数,用 too many) 正:There are too many worries.有太多的烦恼。 误:There is too many time to relax.(time 是不可数名词,用 too much) 正:There is too much time to relax.有太多时间可以放松。 3. relax / relaxed / relaxing ① 区别: relax:动词(v.),意为“放松”,后接宾语或单独使用,常用搭配:relax by doing sth. relaxed:形容词(adj.),意为“感到放松的”,主语是人,侧重人的感受。 relaxing:形容词(adj.),意为“令人放松的”,主语是物或事,侧重事物的特征。 ② 例句: I relax by listening to music.我通过听音乐放松。 I feel relaxed after listening to music.听音乐后,我感到很放松。 Listening to music is relaxing.听音乐是令人放松的。 ③ 易错: 误:I feel relaxing after reading.(主语是人,用 relaxed) 正:I feel relaxed after reading.阅读后,我感到很放松。 误:This music is relaxed.(主语是物,用 relaxing) 正:This music is relaxing.这首音乐是令人放松的。 4. healthy (adj.) / health (n.) ①区别: healthy:形容词,意为“健康的”,用于修饰名词(如 healthy food)或作表语(如 stay healthy)。 health:名词,意为“健康”,不可数名词,常用搭配:be good for health(对健康有益)、in good health(身体健康)。 ② 例句: We should eat healthy food.我们应该吃健康的食物。 It’s important to keep healthy.保持健康是很重要的。 Eating healthy food is good for our health.吃健康的食物对我们的健康有益。 ③ 易错: 误:It’s important to keep health.(keep 后接形容词,用 healthy) 正:It’s important to keep healthy.保持健康是很重要的。 误:Eating vegetables is good for our healthy.(for 后接名词,用 health) 正:Eating vegetables is good for our health.吃蔬菜对我们的健康有益。 5. It 作形式主语 vs. 动名词作主语 ① 相同点:两者均可用于避免句子头重脚轻,表达“做某事是……的”。 ② 不同点: It 作形式主语:It’s + 形容词 + (for sb.) + to do sth.,侧重“具体的、一次性的动作”,语气更委婉。 动名词作主语:Doing sth. + is + 形容词,侧重“习惯性、经常性的动作”,语气更直接。 ③ 例句: It’s important for us to relax every day.对我们来说,每天放松是很重要的。 Relaxing every day is important.每天放松是很重要的。 ④ 易错: 误:It’s fun reading books.(It 作形式主语,需用 to do) 正:It’s fun to read books.读书是很有趣的。 6. as vs. when(引导时间状语从句) ① 区别: as:意为“随着”,侧重主句和从句动作同步进行,从句常用持续动作。 when:意为“当……的时候”,可表示瞬间动作或持续动作,主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时(主将从现)。 ② 例句: As we grow up, we learn to understand our parents.随着我们长大,我们学会理解父母。 When we finish our homework, we can relax.当我们完成作业时,我们可以放松。 ③ 易错: 正:When we grow up, we learn to take care of ourselves.当我们长大后,我们就学会照顾自己。 正:As we grow up, we learn to take care of ourselves.随着我们长大,我们学会照顾自己。 巩固练习 一、单项选择 1. I want to relax _ listening to music in my free time. A. by B. to C. for D. with 2. _ is a good way to relax after school. A. Read B. Reads C. Reading D. To reading 3. It’s important for us _ well every day. A. relax B. to relaxing C. relaxing D. to relax 4. —What do you like to do _? — I like taking a walk. A. for relax B. to relax C. for relaxing D. relaxing 5. We should _ every day to stay healthy. A. exercising B. exercise C. exercises D. exercised 6. It’s good for us _ healthy food every day. A. eat B. eats C. eating D. to eat 7. _ vegetables is good for our health. A. Eat B. Eats C. Eating D. Ate 8. —_ can we stay healthy? — We can exercise often. A. What B. How C. When D. Where 9. As we _, we learn to be more independent. A. grow up B. grows up C. grew up D. growing up 10. Many teenagers have trouble _ friends easily. A. make B. to make C. making D. makes 11. It’s normal for us _ some worries when growing up. A. have B. to have C. having D. has 12. We can solve problems _ talking with our parents. A. by B. to C. for D. with 13. We should learn _ ourselves when we are older. A. take care of B. took care of C. taking care of D. to take care of 14. —What are the wonders of nature? — They are _ amazing things in the natural world. A. interest B. interested C. interesting D. interests 15. It’s exciting _ the wonders of nature. A. enjoy B. to enjoy C. enjoying D. enjoys 16. We can learn a lot _ going outside and seeing nature. A. by B. to C. for D. with 17. There is _ homework today, so I can relax. A. many too B. too many C. much too D. too much 18. There are _ beautiful wonders in the world. A. much too B. too many C. too much D. many too 19. —I feel _ after reading. — That’s great. A. relax B. relaxing C. relaxed D. relaxes 20. Swimming is _ sport to keep healthy. A. a relaxing B. a relaxed C. an relaxing D. relax 二、翻译句子 1. 我想要通过看电影来放松。 I want to relax _ _ movies. 2. 听音乐是一种很好的放松方式。 _ to music is a good way to relax. 3. 对我们来说,在空闲时间放松很重要。 It’s _ for us _ _ in our free time. 4. 我们应该每天锻炼来保持健康。 We should _ every day to _ healthy. 5. 吃健康食物对我们的健康有益。 _ healthy food is good _ our health. 6. 我们怎样才能保持健康? _ can we stay healthy? 7. 随着我们长大,我们学会照顾自己。 _ we grow up, we learn to _ _ of ourselves. 8. 我在交朋友方面有困难。 I have trouble (in) _ friends. 9. 青少年有烦恼是正常的。 It’s _ for teenagers to _ worries. 10. 我们可以通过坦诚交流解决问题。 We can _ problems by _ openly. 11. 自然奇观非常美丽且令人惊叹。 The _ of _ are very beautiful and amazing. 12. 了解自然是很有趣的。 It’s interesting _ _ about nature. 13. 我们可以通过远足欣赏自然奇观。 We can enjoy nature’s wonders _ _ hiking. 14. 我没有太多时间放松。 I don’t have _ _ time to relax. 15. 我们不应该熬夜,这对健康不好。 We shouldn’t late. It’s bad for our . 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式(每空一词)。 Everyone needs to relax in daily life. I like to relax by 1_ (listen) to light music in my free time. It’s important for us 2_ (relax) because it can make us feel happy. To stay healthy, we should 3_ (exercise) every day. Eating healthy food is good for our 4_ (healthy). As we 5_ (grow) up, we learn to take care of ourselves and keep healthy. Growing up brings us some worries. It’s normal for teenagers 6_ (have) some troubles. When we have trouble 7_ (solve) problems, we can talk with our parents or teachers. We can solve problems by 8_ (communicate) openly. We can also learn about the wonders of nature by 9_ (go) hiking. It’s fun 10_ (learn) about different wonders of nature and enjoy the beauty of the natural world. 参考答案 一、单项选择 1.A 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.B 9.A 10.C 11.B 12.A 13.D 14.C 15.B 16.A 17.D 18.B 19.C 20.A 二、翻译句子 1. by watching 2. Listening 3. important; to relax 4. exercise; keep / stay 5. Eating; for 6. How 7. As; take care 8. making 9. normal; have 10. solve; talking 11. wonders; nature 12. to learn 13. by going 14. too much 15. stay up; health 三、语法填空 1.listening 2.to relax 3.exercise 4.health 5.grow 6.to have 7.solving 8.communicating 9.going 10.to learn 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $