精品解析：北京朝阳区2025-2026学年高三年级第二学期质量检测一英语试卷

北京市朝阳区高三年级第二学期质量检测一 英语试卷 （考试时间90分钟 满分100分） 本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Not knowing how to ride a bike as an adult became a joke about me. It affected my self-esteem. Hannah, my best friend, noticed and offered to teach me. We walked a bike to the park. I won’t lie: the ____1____ self-talk was coming in hot. “I’ll never be able to do this and I am not ready.” In the park, the lesson began exactly as I suspected. Worse still, the pedal had cut my ankle. “This is not working,” I wailed (哀号). “I was stupid for ____2____! I shouldn’t have bothered!” “Wait here,” Hannah said before riding off. I shouldn’t have been ____3____ at all. “Who would want to be around someone who couldn’t even gather up the resilience (韧性) for an hour?” But another thought popped in. “Who says you’re not resilient?” I ____4____ it, exploring all the times I had been resilient, when I had ____5____ hard things, and how proud I had been. The longer I thought, the stronger my ____6____ grew. When Hannah headed back, I was determined to take the lesson and try my best. She pulled up with two things that made everything even ____7____: my favourite coffee and a tool to remove the pedals so that I could practice rolling and learn balance. Around mid-morning, I was rolling down the hill. That afternoon, with great pride, I was riding, which was a great big “____8____” to my self-doubt. Months later, I fully accepted this ____9____ of thinking when riding again. Yes, I had shaky moments, but instead of ____10____ my abilities, I reminded myself, “You’ve done this before, and you can do it again.” With kindness from a loving friend, I have become someone who loves myself — and knows how to ride a bike. 1. A. gentle B. negative C. calming D. greedy 2. A. arguing B. crying C. moving D. trying 3. A. happy B. patient C. surprised D. worried 4. A. followed B. interrupted C. produced D. shared 5. A. forgotten B. overcome C. considered D. abandoned 6. A. duty B. control C. resolve D. tension 7. A. easier B. richer C. safer D. fairer 8. A. shut up B. move on C. stand by D. wake up 9. A. cost B. role C. root D. change 10. A. using B. testing C. improving D. questioning 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. A 9. D 10. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者成年后不会骑自行车，在好友汉娜帮助下，克服自我怀疑，最终学会骑车并改变思维方式的经历。 【1题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不会说谎：消极的自我对话如潮水般涌来。“我永远做不到这件事，而且我还没准备好。”A. gentle温柔的；B. negative消极的；C. calming平静的；D. greedy贪婪的。根据后文作者说“I’ll never be able to do this and I am not ready.”可知，这些都是消极的自我对话。故选B项。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“这样不行，”我哀号道，“我尝试这件事真是太蠢了！我本就不该自找麻烦的！”A. arguing争论；B. crying哭泣；C. moving移动；D. trying尝试。根据前文“ Not knowing how to ride a bike as an adult became a joke about me. It affected my self-esteem. Hannah, my best friend, noticed and offered to teach me. We walked a bike to the park.”以及“Worse still, the pedal had cut my ankle.”可知，作者在学习骑自行车，觉得自己尝试学骑车这个行为很愚蠢。故选D项。 【3题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我根本不应该感到惊讶。“谁会想和一个连一小时的韧性都没有的人在一起呢？”A. happy开心的；B. patient耐心的；C. surprised惊讶的；D. worried担忧的。根据前文““Wait here,” Hannah said before riding off.”可知，朋友汉娜骑走离开，作者以为对方放弃了自己，感到很沮丧，自我否定，认为自己连一小时练习都坚持不了，朋友离开是理所当然的，自己不应该为此感到惊讶。故选C项。 【4题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我顺着这个想法，回想着所有我曾有韧性的时候，那些我克服困难的时候，以及我曾多么自豪。A. followed跟随，顺着；B. interrupted打断；C. produced生产；D. shared分享。根据前文““Who says you’re not resilient?””可知，作者顺着这个想法，开始回想自己有韧性的时刻。故选A项。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我顺着这个想法，回想着所有我曾有韧性的时候，那些我克服困难的时候，以及我曾多么自豪。A. forgotten忘记；B. overcome克服；C. considered考虑；D. abandoned抛弃。根据前文“exploring all the times I had been resilient”以及后文“how proud I had been.”可知，是克服困难的时候体现出韧性。故选B项。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想得越久，我的决心就越坚定。A. duty责任；B. control控制；C. resolve决心；D. tension紧张。根据前文“exploring all the times I had been resilient”以及下文“When Hannah headed back, I was determined to take the lesson and try my best. ”可知，作者回想自己曾经有韧性克服困难的时刻，想要重新尝试的决心越来越强烈。故选C项。 【7题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她带着两样东西回来，让一切变得更容易了：我最喜欢的咖啡，以及一个用来拆掉踏板的工具，这样我就可以练习滑行并学习平衡。A. easier更容易的；B. richer更富有的；C. safer更安全的；D. fairer更公平的。根据后文“a tool to remove the pedals so that I could practice rolling and learn balance.”以及“That afternoon, with great pride, I was riding”提到的拆掉踏板练习滑行学习平衡以及作者之后学会骑车可知，这两样东西让学骑车变得更容易。故选A项。 【8题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：那天下午，我非常自豪，我学会骑车了，这对我的自我怀疑来说是一个响亮的“闭嘴”。A. shut up闭嘴；B. move on继续前进；C. stand by支持，袖手旁观；D. wake up醒来。根据前文“That afternoon, with great pride, I was riding”可知，作者学会骑车，用实际行动回应了之前的自我怀疑，相当于让自我怀疑“闭嘴”。故选A项。 【9题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：几个月后，再次骑车时，我完全接受了这种思维方式的转变。A. cost花费；B. role角色；C. root根源；D. change改变。根据前文“which was a great big “____” to my self-doubt.”以及后文“I reminded myself, “You’ve done this before, and you can do it again.””可知，作者从之前怀疑自己到现在相信自己，作者的思维方式发生了改变。故选D项。 【10题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：是的，我有过摇摆不定的时刻，但我不再质疑自己的能力，而是提醒自己：“你以前做到过，你还能再做到。”A. using使用；B. testing测试；C. improving提高；D. questioning质疑。根据前文作者思维方式转变，以及后文“I reminded myself, “You’ve done this before, and you can do it again.””鼓励自己的话可知，作者不再质疑自己的能力。故选D项。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Tourism is one of the world’s ____11____ (big) industries, and a highly polluting one. Now the “Rewilding Portugal” project, ____12____ tourists help restore degraded farmland by planting native trees, turns tourists into active participants in repairing the planet. In return, the tourists stay in renewable-powered accommodations. Critics argue that the project is just a marketing trick. But supporters believe it offers a way ____13____ (make) travel meaningful, by turning it into an opportunity to learn, connect, and contribute. 【答案】11. biggest 12. where 13. to make 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“Rewilding Portugal”项目，该项目让游客通过种植本土树木帮助恢复退化的农田，将游客转变为修复地球的积极参与者。 【11题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：旅游业是世界上最大的产业之一，也是一个污染严重的产业。根据句意和“one of the world’s”可知，此处表示“最大的产业之一”，应用形容词最高级biggest作定语，修饰名词industries。故填biggest。 【12题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：现在，“Rewilding Portugal”项目让游客通过种植本土树木帮助恢复退化的农田，将游客转变为修复地球的积极参与者。“_____ tourists help restore degraded farmland by planting native trees”为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词project，关系词将其代入定语从句中作抽象的地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 【13题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：但支持者认为，它提供了一种使旅行有意义的方式，通过将旅行变成一个学习、联系和贡献的机会。“(make) travel meaningful”作后置定语，名词way后常用动词不定式作定语，意为“……的方式”。故填to make。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 According to international standards, China is now considered a moderately aging society. Population is one of the key variables affecting economic growth. ____14____ the doubts and concerns over the country’s ability to maintain its economic growth momentum (势头), a major one is ____15____ China’s economy has peaked or not due to a decrease in labor supply. In response, China is taking a comprehensive approach that ____16____ (combine) technological progress with investment in human capital, which can ultimately boost labor productivity. 【答案】14. Among 15. whether 16. combines 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍依据国际标准中国已步入中度老龄化社会，人口是影响经济增长的关键变量之一，并阐释了外界对中国经济增长的相关质疑及中国针对性的应对举措。 【14题详解】 考查介词。句意：在有关该国能否保持经济增长势头的种种疑虑与担忧之中，一个主要问题是劳动力供给减少是否已让中国经济见顶。结合句意，此处表示“在……之中”，需用介词among，位于句首首字母大写。故填Among。 【15题详解】 考查表语从句。句意同上。分析句子结构，空后为表语从句，结合后文“or not” 可知，此处表达“是否”，需用连接词whether引导从句。故填whether。 【16题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：对此，中国正采取综合性举措，将技术进步与人力资本投资相结合，最终能够提升劳动生产率。设空处为定语从句谓语，关系代词that指代先行词a comprehensive approach，为单数，主句为一般现在时，定语从句谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。故填combines。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 To Benjamin and Loic, two Frenchmen, China was a distant yet fascinating place, a name more often ____17____ (find) in headlines. In September 2023, the two friends decided to walk all the way to China, ____18____ (choose) to keep their journey low-carbon. They quit their jobs, packed only essentials and accepted that the road ahead ____19____ (last) over a year. China, which they entered after a yearlong journey, marked a milestone, not just in geographical terms, but emotionally. By the time they arrived in Lanzhou, they ____20____ (be) on the road for about 450 days. 【答案】17. found 18. choosing 19. would last 20. had been 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了两位法国人本杰明和洛伊克辞去了工作，踏上了低碳之旅前往中国。经过约 450 天的行程，他们抵达了兰州，中国成为了他们此次旅程的一个重要里程碑。 【17题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：对于本杰明和洛伊克这两位法国人来说，中国是一个遥远而又充满魅力的地方，这个名字常常出现在新闻头条上。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰name，name与find是被动关系（名字“被出现在”头条中），用过去分词作后置定语。故填found。 【18题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：2023 年 9 月，这两位朋友决定一路步行前往中国，他们选择让自己的旅程尽可能低碳。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，主语the two friends与 choose为主动关系，所以为现在分词作伴随状语。故填choosing。 【19题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：他们辞去了工作，只携带了必需品，并接受了前方道路将持续超过一年的现实。分析句子可知，主句谓语accepted 为一般过去时，宾语从句表达“当时看来前路将会持续一年多”，用过去将来时。故填would last。 【20题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：当他们抵达兰州时，他们已经在路上走了大约 450 天。分析句子可知，by the time + 一般过去时，主句常用过去完成时，表示“截止到过去某个时间已经……”。故填had been。 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Are you curious about how health connects with the world around us? Want to tackle real global challenges and discover how you can make a difference? “Global Health” explores how medicine, public health, international relations, economics and other disciplines must be integrated to save lives worldwide. In this course, students will learn about current approaches to promoting health, preventing disease and delivering health services to communities in need around the world. You’ll explore the science of public health, the strategies used to predict and stop epidemics, and the power of communication in keeping communities safe. Learning Highlights ·Describe the processes by which infectious diseases spread ·Identify and explain the core public health methods and tools for detecting, controlling and preventing infectious disease outbreaks ·Analyze historical and contemporary case studies of infectious disease outbreaks and evaluate how different response strategies succeeded or failed ·Use health research methods to gather and interpret data relevant to global health issues ·Describe the major health behavior theories used in public health Weekly Assignments Week 1 Group presentations on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Report health indicators for a chosen country. Week 2 Hear from guest speakers from the Department of Public Health. Become disease detectives for a mock (模拟的) outbreak on campus. Week 3 Serve food at a homeless shelter. Design and carry out a mini health study. 21. In Global Health, students can ________. A. forecast the public health challenges B. provide communities with health services C. address the problems on community safety D. explore health issues in a multidisciplinary way 22. The course highlights ________. A. designing public health tools B. proposing health behavior theories C. assessing response strategies for epidemics D. monitoring the spread of infectious diseases 23. What are students assigned to do in the course? A. Report to guest speakers. B. Conduct mini health research. C. Give talks on SDGs individually. D. Detect real campus outbreaks. 【答案】21. D 22. C 23. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍《全球健康》课程的内容、学习重点及每周作业安排。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的““Global Health” explores how medicine, public health, international relations, economics and other disciplines must be integrated to save lives worldwide.(《全球健康》课程探索了医学、公共卫生、国际关系、经济学和其他学科如何必须整合起来，以拯救全球范围内的生命)”可知，在“全球健康”课程中，学生可以以多学科融合的方式探索健康问题。故选D项。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据Learning Highlights中的“Analyze historical and contemporary case studies of infectious disease outbreaks and evaluate how different response strategies succeeded or failed(分析传染病爆发的历史和当代案例研究，并评估不同应对策略的成败)”可知，该课程重点包括评估传染病的应对策略。故选C项。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据Weekly Assignments中的“Week 3: Design and carry out a mini health study.(第三周：设计并开展一项小型健康研究)”可知，学生在课程中被分配开展小型健康研究。故选B项。 B I had been considering giving up. For the past eight years, I’ve met with prospective first-year students as a volunteer interviewer for my alma mater (母校). The reports I submit after the interviews become part of their admissions file. But acceptance rate of my university is low and each time I see the word “Denied” next to one of my interviewees’ names at the end of an admissions cycle, I feel a little more heartbroken. Don’t get me wrong. I’ve gotten to know loads of inspiring kids, and a handful of them were offered a spot. After a cycle in which none of my interviewees was green-lighted, though, I started to wonder: In expressing my enthusiasm for my university in interviews, was I doing them a favor or setting them up for disappointment? Was it fair of me to share an inside look into my university when most won’t have access to it? Then, out of the blue, I received a text from one of “my” admits, Layla. She thanked me for getting her into my university. I was touched, but I mentally dismissed the validity (合理性) of what seemed to be a misguided assumption of how the admissions process works. We met for coffee a few months later, and she delighted me with a detailed discussion of her classes, her professors, her research, and her friends. Her eyes were bright, her excitement visible. She told me she had submitted a request to spend 20 minutes with her admissions file. I couldn’t understand why she wanted to take the time to look. Couldn’t she just enjoy her time as an admitted student without being distracted by disturbing questions of whether she belonged? As it turns out, Layla learned that the admissions officer who first read her file was on the fence about her but then decided to put her application through for another read because of what I’d written in my interview report. My voice had made a difference. Layla found the relief she’d been looking for: Why was she here? Did she really matter to this incredible community? Seeing her put her worries to rest helped me do the same with my own. Maybe sometimes we all need to hear that we matter. 24. What made the author consider giving up the volunteer work? A. Getting tired of writing interview reports. B. Failing to help some of the promising kids. C. Disappointment with interviewees’ abilities. D. Inability to stimulate interviewees’ enthusiasm. 25. Initially, the author viewed Layla’s thank-you text as ________. A. a relief B. a distraction C. a reward D. a misunderstanding 26. Why did Layla request to review her admissions file? A. To ease her worries about future. B. To clarify the author’s confusion. C. To confirm she deserved the admission. D. To prove the author’s report played a role. 27. What can we learn from this passage? A. Each soul needs a witness. B. Every cloud has a silver lining. C. What goes around comes around. D. What matters always voices itself. 【答案】24. B 25. D 26. C 27. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者八年担任母校志愿面试官，因不少优秀申请者落选心生放弃念头，后来收到被录取学生莱拉的感谢，最终知晓自己的面试报告起到关键作用，明白每个人都需要被肯定、被看见的暖心故事。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“But acceptance rate of my university is low and each time I see the word “Denied” next to one of my interviewees’ names at the end of an admissions cycle, I feel a little more heartbroken. (但我所在大学的录取率很低，每当在招生周期结束时，看到我的面试者名字旁边写着“被拒”时，我都会感到更加心碎。)”以及第二段“I’ve gotten to know loads of inspiring kids, and a handful of them were offered a spot. After a cycle in which none of my interviewees was green-lighted, though, I started to wonder: In expressing my enthusiasm for my university in interviews, was I doing them a favor or setting them up for disappointment? (我确实结识了不少鼓舞人心的孩子，其中有几位获得了录取资格。然而，在一个周期里，没有一个面试者被录取，我开始怀疑：在面试中表达我对大学的热情，我是在帮他们还是让他们失望？)”可知，作者多次看到有潜力的面试者被拒，感到沮丧和心碎，开始怀疑自己的工作是否有意义，因此考虑放弃志愿工作。故选B项。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“She thanked me for getting her into my university. I was touched, but I mentally dismissed the validity (合理性) of what seemed to be a misguided assumption of how the admissions process works. (她感谢我让她进入了我的大学。我很感动，但我在心里否定了这种看似对录取过程有误解的假设的合理性。)”可知，作者最初认为Layla的感谢信息是对录取过程的一种误解，因为作者知道录取过程复杂，不是一个人能决定的。故选D项。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“She told me she had submitted a request to spend 20 minutes with her admissions file. I couldn’t understand why she wanted to take the time to look. Couldn’t she just enjoy her time as an admitted student without being distracted by disturbing questions of whether she belonged? (她告诉我，她已经提交了申请，要求花20分钟查看她的录取档案。我不明白她为什么要花时间去看。她就不能享受作为被录取学生的时光，而不被是否属于这里这种令人不安的问题所干扰吗？)”以及第五段“As it turns out, Layla learned that the admissions officer who first read her file was on the fence about her but then decided to put her application through for another read because of what I’d written in my interview report. My voice had made a difference. (事实证明，Layla得知，最初阅读她档案的招生官对她持保留态度，但后来决定因为我在面试报告中写的内容，再给她一次机会。我的意见起到了作用。)”可知，Layla查看录取档案是为了确认自己是否真的值得被录取，以及了解录取过程中的具体细节，尤其是作者在面试报告中所起的作用。故选C项。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Seeing her put her worries to rest helped me do the same with my own. Maybe sometimes we all need to hear that we matter. (看到她放下顾虑，也帮助我放下了自己的顾虑。也许有时候我们都需要听到自己被重视的声音。)”可知，文章通过作者和Layla的经历，传达了“每个人的存在都有意义，有时候我们都需要听到自己被重视的声音”这一主题。A项“Each soul needs a witness. (每个灵魂都需要一个见证者。)”符合文章主旨，意思是每个人的存在和价值都需要被认可和见证。故选A项。 C Arif Pujianto couldn’t sleep. When dawn broke, the area where he lives on the low-lying Pari Island in Indonesia was damaged. Eventually, he decided to do something about it. He filed a lawsuit (诉讼) against cement manufacturer Holcim. At first sight, this might seem unreasonable. After all, the company has no operations in Indonesia and is headquartered 12,000 kilometres from Pari, in Switzerland. Yet Pujianto’s case is on top of a wave of lawsuits supported by innovative climate attribution models. Computer simulations (模拟) have been the backbone of climate science since the 1960s. Scientists run them to predict how the planet will warm as the amount of greenhouse gases in our atmosphere increases. But climate models can be put to another use if they are run in a slightly different way. The idea is to simulate counterfactual scenarios (情景) and compare them with how things really turned out. How would the world look if we had left fossil fuels which we consumed in the ground, for example? Climate scientists have spent decades using this technique to figure out the consequences of carbon emissions, in a field that is broadly called attribution science. Climate models can be extremely complex and often require supercomputers to run. But two advances have started to change that. One is the development of “reduced complexity” climate models. Instead of modelling Earth’s precise physical, chemical and biological processes, these simpler models simulate them on average, which reduces processing power. The second advance boils down to innovations in the way we account for emissions and join the links in the causal chain between emissions and harms. That includes, for example, smarter ways of differentiating between historical emissions. A gigatonne of carbon emitted today, when oceans are more acidic, has different consequences to a gigatonne of carbon emitted in 1850. In 2022, climate scientists Christopher Callahan at Indiana University and Justin Mankin at Dartmouth College put these two advances together to create an end-to-end climate attribution model, one that stretches from the individual packets of emissions, perhaps from a single company, all the way to the effects of climate change on a community. Mankin is aware that the research may be used in court and pursuing climate action through climate lawsuits may be necessary. A proper test of how attribution science holds up in court in these “polluter-pays” cases hasn’t yet taken place, then. But such a test may not be too far off, says Noah Walker-Crawford, a legal advisor, especially given how many fresh cases are starting to come before judges. If a precedent is set by even a single successful polluter-pays case, it could open the floodgates to a huge number of similar claims. In each case, the individual damages demanded may be relatively small, but it could, nonetheless, be significant. 28. What can be inferred about the climate attribution model? A. It can simulate a world without carbon emissions. B. It predicts the timeline of future extreme weather. C. It is more accurate in modelling climate processes. D. It has shifted its aim to backing climate legal cases. 29. Regarding the future of “polluter-pays” cases, the author is _______ A. worried B. optimistic C. doubtful D. disapproving 30. What does the author mainly do in this passage? A. Anticipate a novel trend in court. B. Illustrate how climate models work. C. Introduce the history of climate models. D. Show a model expected to force climate action. 【答案】28. A 29. B 30. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了气候归因模型的发展及其在法律诉讼中的应用潜力，通过具体案例和专家观点展示了该模型如何为气候行动提供科学依据，并预示了未来“污染者付费”案件可能带来的法律和社会影响。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“The idea is to simulate counterfactual scenarios (情景) and compare them with how things really turned out. How would the world look if we had left fossil fuels which we consumed in the ground, for example? Climate scientists have spent decades using this technique to figure out the consequences of carbon emissions, in a field that is broadly called attribution science. (这个想法是模拟反事实情景，并将它们与实际情况进行比较。例如，如果我们把消耗的化石燃料留在地下，世界会是什么样子？气候科学家几十年来一直使用这种技术来弄清楚碳排放的后果，这个领域被广泛称为归因科学。)”可知，气候归因模型通过模拟没有碳排放的世界，并将其与实际情况进行对比，来弄清楚碳排放的后果。因此，可以推断出该模型能够模拟一个没有碳排放的世界。故选A项。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“But such a test may not be too far off, says Noah Walker-Crawford, a legal advisor, especially given how many fresh cases are starting to come before judges. If a precedent is set by even a single successful polluter-pays case, it could open the floodgates to a huge number of similar claims. In each case, the individual damages demanded may be relatively small, but it could, nonetheless, be significant. (但法律顾问诺亚·沃克-克劳福德表示，这样的测试可能不会太远，尤其是考虑到有多少新案件开始摆在法官面前。即使只有一个成功的污染者付费案例成为先例，也可能为大量类似索赔打开闸门。在每一种情况下，要求的个人损害赔偿可能相对较小，但尽管如此，它仍然可能是重大的。)”可知，作者认为随着新案件的不断涌现，即使只有一个成功的污染者付费案例成为先例，也可能引发大量类似的索赔，这表明作者对“污染者付费”案件的未来持乐观态度。故选B项。 【30题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Yet Pujianto’s case is on top of a wave of lawsuits supported by innovative climate attribution models. (然而，普吉安托的案件是一波由创新气候归因模型支持的法律诉讼之一。)”以及后文对气候归因模型的介绍和其在法律诉讼中的应用潜力可知，文章主要介绍了一个有望推动气候行动的模型，即气候归因模型，以及该模型如何为气候法律诉讼提供科学依据。故选D项。 D Whether artists or scientists, investigators strike out from what is known to brave the unknown in acts of creative discovery. Think of artists and scientists as users of three modes of discovery: knowing, seeing, and telling. We are all seeking knowledge — epistemologists who question what we think we know, how we come to know it, and whether we can prove what we think we know. Meanwhile, we are all seers — aestheticists who confront what we perceive in natural and created appearances. Finally, we are all tellers and listeners — narrativists who tell about what we have found and listen to the findings of others. The epistemologist’s attention to knowing resonated (引起共鸣) in physicist Andrea Califano’s precision-medicine discoveries in cancer biology. His philosopher-physicist mind is the creative ground to discover new treatments for cancer. “A lot of ideas end up being very, very simple-minded in hindsight. But it’s very difficult to foresee whether simple-minded ideas will work in the end. There’s nothing magical about what we do. It’s just that nobody had kind of thought of cancer in this way,” said Califano. The aestheticists want to face the material world with all the capacities of the human to see and imagine. Tissue engineer Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic exposed the creative powers of aesthetics in the practice of a scientist. It was the novel Alexandria Quartet that gave her the idea of her work as “sliding planes”: “Each of the sliding planes is a body of knowledge. Then they travel past each other, and somehow connect with each other. There were three sliding planes that are three different characters’ perspectives. And then the fourth plane was the time. That is how the book was constructed, I believe, and this is how we do science.” Knowing and seeing require connections between the internal world of the seer or knower, the external world of the seeable and knowable, and the world of witnesses who receive what becomes seen or known. These connections, what I call “telling”, are achieved through narrative acts like speech. It creates a network, bridging from person to person. Nabila El-Bassel, an international leader in studying the most hard-to-deal-with global health problems, confirmed the necessity of listening to all “telling” voices. El-Bassel and her teams are listeners of their subjects’ lived experiences, making sure that suffering individuals are heard and valued. Recognising the fundamental roles of epistemology, aesthetics, and narrative studies in medical research avoids costly oppositions between arts and sciences. With all three discovery modes engaged, scientists gradually recognise why suffering matters, how delicate the balance between sickness and health is, and how urgent medicine’s mission is. Health care’s response to disease could then embrace the pursuit to comprehend phenomena deep within the cell and to face up to social issues vast across the Earth. 31. What does the word “hindsight” underlined in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A. Innovative mindset. B. Blind-minded thinking. C. Long-term perspective. D. Reflective understanding. 32. What can we learn from this passage? A. The author has a preference for narrative studies. B. El-Bassel focuses on seeable external phenomena. C. Gordana values tackling problems from diverse angles. D. Califano’s breakthrough sets ground for cancer biology. 33. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Integration of art and science is hard to achieve. B. Three discovery modes can balance sickness and health. C. Meeting social needs is as vital as doing biological studies. D. Medical research helps realise the role of three discovery modes. 34. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. The Art of Science: Knowing, Seeing, and Telling B. Three Modes of Discovery: Can Artists Be Scientists? C. A Costly Conflict: The Battle Between Art and Science D. The Medicine’s Mission: Are Scientists Brave to Complete? 【答案】31. D 32. C 33. C 34. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了艺术家和科学家在探索未知时所共用的三种发现模式：认知、观察和叙述。通过具体实例，展示了这些模式在医学研究等领域的应用，并强调了艺术与科学融合的重要性。 【31题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段“A lot of ideas end up being very, very simple-minded in hindsight. But it’s very difficult to foresee whether simple-minded ideas will work in the end. ( ，很多想法最终都非常非常简单。但很难预见到这些简单的想法最终是否会奏效。)”可知，很多想法在事后看来很简单，但在当时很难预见其是否有效。由此可知，hindsight表示“事后看来，反思性的理解”，与D项“Reflective understanding（反思性的理解）”意思一致。故选D项。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“The aestheticists want to face the material world with all the capacities of the human to see and imagine. Tissue engineer Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic exposed the creative powers of aesthetics in the practice of a scientist. It was the novel Alexandria Quartet that gave her the idea of her work as “sliding planes”: “Each of the sliding planes is a body of knowledge. Then they travel past each other, and somehow connect with each other. There were three sliding planes that are three different characters’ perspectives. And then the fourth plane was the time. That is how the book was constructed, I believe, and this is how we do science.”(审美主义者希望以人类所有的观察和想象能力来面对物质世界。组织工程师Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic在科学实践中展示了美学的创造力。正是小说《亚历山大四重奏》让她有了“滑动平面”的工作理念：“每个滑动平面都是一个知识体系。然后它们相互经过，并以某种方式相互连接。有三个滑动平面，是三个不同角色的视角。然后第四个平面是时间。我相信，这本书就是这样构建的，我们做科学也是这样构建的。)”可知，Gordana从小说中获得了灵感，将不同视角和知识体系结合起来进行科学研究，这表明她重视从不同角度解决问题。故选C项。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Recognising the fundamental roles of epistemology, aesthetics, and narrative studies in medical research avoids costly oppositions between arts and sciences. With all three discovery modes engaged, scientists gradually recognise why suffering matters, how delicate the balance between sickness and health is, and how urgent medicine’s mission is. Health care’s response to disease could then embrace the pursuit to comprehend phenomena deep within the cell and to face up to social issues vast across the Earth. (认识到认识论、美学和叙事研究在医学研究中的基本作用，可以避免艺术与科学之间代价高昂的对立。通过这三种发现模式的参与，科学家们逐渐认识到为什么痛苦很重要，疾病与健康之间的平衡是多么微妙，以及医学的使命是多么紧迫。医疗对疾病的反应可以包括追求理解细胞深处的现象，以及面对全球范围内的社会问题。)”可知，医疗对疾病的反应可以包括追求理解细胞深处的现象，以及面对全球范围内的社会问题，由此可知，满足社会需求和进行生物学研究同样重要。故选C项。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Whether artists or scientists, investigators strike out from what is known to brave the unknown in acts of creative discovery. Think of artists and scientists as users of three modes of discovery: knowing, seeing, and telling. (无论是艺术家还是科学家，调查者都从已知的事物中勇敢地面对未知的事物，进行创造性的发现。把艺术家和科学家看作是三种发现模式的使用者：认知、观察和叙述。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了艺术家和科学家在探索未知时所共用的三种发现模式：认知、观察和叙述，并通过具体实例展示了这些模式在医学研究等领域的应用。A项“The Art of Science: Knowing, Seeing, and Telling（科学的艺术：认知、观察和叙述）”符合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选A项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Tolerance is often praised as a virtue. ____35____ It’s like holding your breath through an unwanted conversation with someone you’d rather not talk to. Still, you do anyway because you’re trying to be “tolerant.” Tolerance, at its core, is about bearing something such as a noise or discomfort. Something you’d prefer to be rid of but can’t, so you learn to live with it. That’s not exactly a warm foundation for human connection. You can “tolerate” someone while still secretly disliking everything about them. You can go years thinking you’re being a good person because you’ve managed not to explode, not to get angry, not to say the quiet part out loud. ____36____ To bridge the distance implied in tolerance, researchers suggest a shift to curiosity — the willingness to be changed by what we learn about others. ____37____ Ask people what they care about. What they fear. What keeps them up at night. Please don’t ask because it’s the “right” thing to do. Ask because you might find yourself in their answer. Furthermore, researchers advocate civility for a more connected society. Different from tolerance as mere endurance, civility is a social value based on mutual respect. It involves active moral engagement, a willingness to treat others with dignity even in disagreement. ____38____ In that sense, civility becomes the connective tissue that holds communities together when tolerance alone would let them drift apart. We cannot survive as a functioning society if we escape into a polite mask. A culture that avoids discomfort is a culture that stops growing. ____39____ So ask the question that feels too personal. Stay in the room when it gets uncomfortable. Because without this inconvenient curiosity, we would lose control over what it means to be human. A. But inside, you keep people at arm’s length. B. It’s about opening the self to someone else’s world. C. Yet, it feels more like a forced smile than a handshake. D. If we can’t risk a little awkwardness, we end up strangers. E. Listening with curiosity doesn’t mean you have to like everyone. F. It maintains shared life despite difference, not avoiding discomfort. G. However, we need more human moments, the kind you have to work at. 【答案】35. C 36. A 37. B 38. F 39. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“包容”展开论述，指出包容多是被动忍耐，继而倡导用好奇心与礼貌友善构建人与人之间真正的联结。 【35题详解】 上文“Tolerance is often praised as a virtue. (包容常常被称赞为一种美德。)”说明包容被视为一种美德，下文“It’s like holding your breath through an unwanted conversation with someone you’d rather not talk to. Still, you do anyway because you’re trying to be “tolerant”. (这就像是在与一个你不想与之交谈的人进行一场不愉快的对话时屏住呼吸。不过，你还是这么做了，因为你试图表现得“包容”。)”说明包容更像是一种被迫的行为，C项“然而，它更像是一个强颜欢笑而不是握手。”与上文构成转折，指出包容虽然被称赞，但往往是一种勉强的表面行为，引出下文对包容本质的进一步描述，符合语境。故选C。 【36题详解】 上文“Something you’d prefer to be rid of but can’t, so you learn to live with it. That’s not exactly a warm foundation for human connection. You can “tolerate” someone while still secretly disliking everything about them. You can go years thinking you’re being a good person because you’ve managed not to explode, not to get angry, not to say the quiet part out loud. (一些你想摆脱却无法摆脱的东西，所以你学会了忍受它。这并不是建立人际关系的基础。你可以表面上“容忍”某人，但内心却完全不喜欢他们的一切。你可能会多年都觉得自己是个好人，因为自己一直努力克制着，没有爆发，没有生气，也没有把内心深处的想法大声说出来。)”说明人们的宽容只是表面上的忍耐，并因此而自认为是个好人，A项“但在内心深处，你与人保持距离。”承接上文，指出尽管表面上忍耐，但内心可能并不真正接受或喜欢对方，形成转折关系，与上文“not exactly a warm foundation for human connection”相呼应。故选A。 【37题详解】 上文“To bridge the distance implied in tolerance, researchers suggest a shift to curiosity — the willingness to be changed by what we learn about others. (为了弥补包容所隐含的距离，研究人员建议转向好奇——愿意通过了解他人来改变自己。)”说明为了弥补包容的不足，研究者建议转向好奇，B项“它是关于向另一个人的世界敞开心扉。”承接上文，进一步解释好奇的含义，即愿意了解并接受他人的世界，引出后文主动了解他人的具体做法。符合语境。故选B。 【38题详解】 上文“Furthermore, researchers advocate civility for a more connected society. Different from tolerance as mere endurance, civility is a social value based on mutual respect. It involves active moral engagement, a willingness to treat others with dignity even in disagreement. (此外，研究人员提倡礼貌以建立一个更有联系的社会。与仅仅是忍耐的包容不同，礼貌是一种基于相互尊重的社会价值观。它涉及积极的道德参与，即使在分歧中也愿意以尊严对待他人。)”说明礼貌与包容不同，它基于相互尊重，涉及积极的道德参与，F项“它尽管存在分歧，但仍能维持共同生活，而不是避免不适。”承接上文，进一步解释礼貌的含义，即尽管存在分歧，但仍能保持共同生活，符合语境。故选F。 【39题详解】 上文“We cannot survive as a functioning society if we escape into a polite mask. A culture that avoids discomfort is a culture that stops growing. (如果我们逃避到礼貌的面具下，我们就无法作为一个正常运转的社会生存下去。一个避免不适的文化是一个停止成长的文化。)”说明逃避不适和伪装礼貌会阻碍社会的成长，D项“如果我们不能冒一点尴尬的风险，我们最终会成为陌生人。”承接上文，阐述回避不适的后果，指出如果不能面对尴尬和不适，人与人之间的关系将会变得疏远，引出引出后文的具体做法建议，符合语境。故选D。 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Every Mother’s Day, I am reminded how important food is in my relationship with Mom. Every dish is a source of memories. A bowl of soup, a cup of tea, a simple fried fish — each becomes a precious moment between us. Long before we speak, we are fed. Through food, we receive our first experiences of safety, care, and attention. A warm bowl of rice. A delicious chicken soup simmering (炖) in a kitchen filled with laughter. These are more than meals. They are messages: You are loved. You belong. I often think about the quiet care my mother puts into everything she cooks. There is no recipe that can express that feeling, no machine that can replicate (复制) her hands, her style, and her reasons. Each dish holds the power to create memories or to call them back. Today, as the world rushes toward automation and optimization (最优化), I increasingly find myself looking to food for moments of calm. At the same time, I worry what will happen to the human heart of food when machines prepare, deliver, and even plan our meals for us. Let’s be clear: Technology can help us in many ways. It can make cooking safer, more accessible, and less wasteful. But we must draw a line between assistance and replacement. Because once food is reduced to pure functional value, we will lose what it means to feed — and to be fed — as human beings. We don’t need smarter kitchens. We need longer tables, spaces where people of different backgrounds, generations, and experiences can gather and break bread together. The future will always offer faster, more efficient ways of eating. But it will always be the human touch in the act of cooking that gives food its deepest meaning. 40. Why is food important in the author’s relationship with Mom? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What will happen once food is reduced to pure functional value? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶ In the act of cooking, it will always be technology that gives food its deepest meaning. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. Besides what is mentioned in the passage, what role(s) does food play in your daily life? Why? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. Because every dish from their mother carries precious memories and shows deep love, care and warmth between them. 41. We will lose the true meaning of feeding and being fed as human beings. 42. In the act of cooking, it will always be technology that gives food its deepest meaning. Because the passage states that the human touch in cooking gives food its deepest meaning instead of technology. 43. Food helps me connect with friends when we share meals together. It also comforts me when I feel upset, making me relaxed and warm in daily life. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述食物承载着作者与母亲之间珍贵的回忆与爱意，对比当下科技智能化烹饪的趋势，点明科技只能辅助烹饪，真正赋予食物深层意义的是烹饪里饱含的人文温情。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章第一段 “Every dish is a source of memories. A bowl of soup, a cup of tea, a simple fried fish — each becomes a precious moment between us. (每道菜肴都是记忆的源泉。一碗汤、一杯茶、一道简单的炸鱼——每一样都成了我们之间珍贵的瞬间。)” 以及第二段 “Through food, we receive our first experiences of safety, care, and attention. A warm bowl of rice. A delicious chicken soup simmering (炖) in a kitchen filled with laughter. These are more than meals. They are messages: You are loved. You belong. I often think about the quiet care my mother puts into everything she cooks. There is no recipe that can express that feeling, no machine that can replicate (复制) her hands, her style, and her reasons. Each dish holds the power to create memories or to call them back. (通过食物，我们首次获得安全感、关怀与关注。一碗温热的米饭。一碗香喷喷的鸡汤在充满欢声笑语的厨房里慢炖着。这些不仅仅是膳食。它们是信息：你被爱着。你属于这里。我常常想起母亲在烹饪每道菜时那份细致入微的用心。世上没有配方能诠释那种感受，也没有机器能复刻她的双手、她的风格和她的动机。每道菜肴都蕴藏着唤起回忆或重现往昔的美好力量。)” 可知，食物承载着作者和母亲的珍贵回忆，藏着母亲默默的关爱，故答案为Because every dish from Mom carries precious memories and shows her deep care and love between them. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章第四段 “Because once food is reduced to pure functional value, we will lose what it means to feed — and to be fed — as human beings. (因为一旦食物沦为纯粹的实用价值，我们就会失去人类投喂与被投喂背后的温情意义。)” 可知，故答案为We will lose the true meaning of feeding and being fed as human beings. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。 错误部分：it will always be technology。根据文章最后一段 “But it will always be the human touch in the act of cooking that gives food its deepest meaning. (但永远是烹饪中的人文温情，赋予食物最深层的意义。)” 可知，赋予食物深层意义的是人的温情，而非科技，故答案为In the act of cooking, it will always be technology that gives food its deepest meaning. Because the passage states that the human touch in cooking gives food its deepest meaning instead of technology. 【43题详解】 考查开放表达。所以言之有理即可，示例：Food helps me connect with friends when we share meals together. It also comforts me when I feel upset, making me relaxed and warm in daily life. (食物能让我与朋友们在一起用餐时增进感情。当我心情低落时，它也能给我带来慰藉，让我在日常生活中感到放松和温暖。)故答案为Food helps me connect with friends when we share meals together. It also comforts me when I feel upset, making me relaxed and warm in daily life. 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的外国好友Jim即将参加主题为“Skills Needed for a Sustainable Future”的联合国青年论坛(UN Youth Forum)，为此发来邮件，就发言内容询问你的想法。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1．你认为重要的技能； 2．说明理由。 注意：1．词数100左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, I’m glad to hear you’re attending the UN Youth Forum. For a sustainable future, I think two skills stand out. First, the ability to innovate with green technologies is crucial. As climate change worsens, we need creative solutions like renewable energy advancements and waste-recycling systems to reduce environmental harm. Second, cross-cultural communication skill matters a lot. Global sustainability issues know no borders, and only by working together with people from different backgrounds can we share ideas and implement effective actions worldwide. Hope these ideas help you. Good luck with your speech! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于建议信。要求考生以红星中学高三学生李华的身份，给即将参加主题为“Skills Needed for a Sustainable Future”联合国青年论坛的外国好友Jim回复邮件，分享对未来可持续发展所需技能的看法并说明理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 高兴的：glad → delighted 重要的，关键的：crucial → vital 实施，执行：implement → carry out 全世界：worldwide → globally 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：First, the ability to innovate with green technologies is crucial. 拓展句：First, the ability to innovate with green technologies is crucial, as it drives sustainable development. 【点睛】[高分句型1] I’m glad to hear you’re attending the UN Youth Forum. (运用了省略连词that的宾语从句) [高分句型2] As climate change worsens, we need creative solutions like renewable energy advancements and waste-recycling systems to reduce environmental harm. (运用了as引导的时间状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北京市朝阳区高三年级第二学期质量检测一 英语试卷 （考试时间90分钟 满分100分） 本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Not knowing how to ride a bike as an adult became a joke about me. It affected my self-esteem. Hannah, my best friend, noticed and offered to teach me. We walked a bike to the park. I won’t lie: the ____1____ self-talk was coming in hot. “I’ll never be able to do this and I am not ready.” In the park, the lesson began exactly as I suspected. Worse still, the pedal had cut my ankle. “This is not working,” I wailed (哀号). “I was stupid for ____2____! I shouldn’t have bothered!” “Wait here,” Hannah said before riding off. I shouldn’t have been ____3____ at all. “Who would want to be around someone who couldn’t even gather up the resilience (韧性) for an hour?” But another thought popped in. “Who says you’re not resilient?” I ____4____ it, exploring all the times I had been resilient, when I had ____5____ hard things, and how proud I had been. The longer I thought, the stronger my ____6____ grew. When Hannah headed back, I was determined to take the lesson and try my best. She pulled up with two things that made everything even ____7____: my favourite coffee and a tool to remove the pedals so that I could practice rolling and learn balance. Around mid-morning, I was rolling down the hill. That afternoon, with great pride, I was riding, which was a great big “____8____” to my self-doubt. Months later, I fully accepted this ____9____ of thinking when riding again. Yes, I had shaky moments, but instead of ____10____ my abilities, I reminded myself, “You’ve done this before, and you can do it again.” With kindness from a loving friend, I have become someone who loves myself — and knows how to ride a bike. 1. A. gentle B. negative C. calming D. greedy 2. A. arguing B. crying C. moving D. trying 3. A. happy B. patient C. surprised D. worried 4. A. followed B. interrupted C. produced D. shared 5. A. forgotten B. overcome C. considered D. abandoned 6. A. duty B. control C. resolve D. tension 7. A. easier B. richer C. safer D. fairer 8. A. shut up B. move on C. stand by D. wake up 9. A. cost B. role C. root D. change 10. A. using B. testing C. improving D. questioning 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Tourism is one of the world’s ____11____ (big) industries, and a highly polluting one. Now the “Rewilding Portugal” project, ____12____ tourists help restore degraded farmland by planting native trees, turns tourists into active participants in repairing the planet. In return, the tourists stay in renewable-powered accommodations. Critics argue that the project is just a marketing trick. But supporters believe it offers a way ____13____ (make) travel meaningful, by turning it into an opportunity to learn, connect, and contribute. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 According to international standards, China is now considered a moderately aging society. Population is one of the key variables affecting economic growth. ____14____ the doubts and concerns over the country’s ability to maintain its economic growth momentum (势头), a major one is ____15____ China’s economy has peaked or not due to a decrease in labor supply. In response, China is taking a comprehensive approach that ____16____ (combine) technological progress with investment in human capital, which can ultimately boost labor productivity. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 To Benjamin and Loic, two Frenchmen, China was a distant yet fascinating place, a name more often ____17____ (find) in headlines. In September 2023, the two friends decided to walk all the way to China, ____18____ (choose) to keep their journey low-carbon. They quit their jobs, packed only essentials and accepted that the road ahead ____19____ (last) over a year. China, which they entered after a yearlong journey, marked a milestone, not just in geographical terms, but emotionally. By the time they arrived in Lanzhou, they ____20____ (be) on the road for about 450 days. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Are you curious about how health connects with the world around us? Want to tackle real global challenges and discover how you can make a difference? “Global Health” explores how medicine, public health, international relations, economics and other disciplines must be integrated to save lives worldwide. In this course, students will learn about current approaches to promoting health, preventing disease and delivering health services to communities in need around the world. You’ll explore the science of public health, the strategies used to predict and stop epidemics, and the power of communication in keeping communities safe. Learning Highlights ·Describe the processes by which infectious diseases spread ·Identify and explain the core public health methods and tools for detecting, controlling and preventing infectious disease outbreaks ·Analyze historical and contemporary case studies of infectious disease outbreaks and evaluate how different response strategies succeeded or failed ·Use health research methods to gather and interpret data relevant to global health issues ·Describe the major health behavior theories used in public health Weekly Assignments Week 1 Group presentations on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Report health indicators for a chosen country. Week 2 Hear from guest speakers from the Department of Public Health. Become disease detectives for a mock (模拟的) outbreak on campus. Week 3 Serve food at a homeless shelter. Design and carry out a mini health study. 21. In Global Health, students can ________. A. forecast the public health challenges B. provide communities with health services C. address the problems on community safety D. explore health issues in a multidisciplinary way 22. The course highlights ________. A. designing public health tools B. proposing health behavior theories C. assessing response strategies for epidemics D. monitoring the spread of infectious diseases 23. What are students assigned to do in the course? A. Report to guest speakers. B. Conduct mini health research. C. Give talks on SDGs individually. D. Detect real campus outbreaks. B I had been considering giving up. For the past eight years, I’ve met with prospective first-year students as a volunteer interviewer for my alma mater (母校). The reports I submit after the interviews become part of their admissions file. But acceptance rate of my university is low and each time I see the word “Denied” next to one of my interviewees’ names at the end of an admissions cycle, I feel a little more heartbroken. Don’t get me wrong. I’ve gotten to know loads of inspiring kids, and a handful of them were offered a spot. After a cycle in which none of my interviewees was green-lighted, though, I started to wonder: In expressing my enthusiasm for my university in interviews, was I doing them a favor or setting them up for disappointment? Was it fair of me to share an inside look into my university when most won’t have access to it? Then, out of the blue, I received a text from one of “my” admits, Layla. She thanked me for getting her into my university. I was touched, but I mentally dismissed the validity (合理性) of what seemed to be a misguided assumption of how the admissions process works. We met for coffee a few months later, and she delighted me with a detailed discussion of her classes, her professors, her research, and her friends. Her eyes were bright, her excitement visible. She told me she had submitted a request to spend 20 minutes with her admissions file. I couldn’t understand why she wanted to take the time to look. Couldn’t she just enjoy her time as an admitted student without being distracted by disturbing questions of whether she belonged? As it turns out, Layla learned that the admissions officer who first read her file was on the fence about her but then decided to put her application through for another read because of what I’d written in my interview report. My voice had made a difference. Layla found the relief she’d been looking for: Why was she here? Did she really matter to this incredible community? Seeing her put her worries to rest helped me do the same with my own. Maybe sometimes we all need to hear that we matter. 24. What made the author consider giving up the volunteer work? A. Getting tired of writing interview reports. B. Failing to help some of the promising kids. C. Disappointment with interviewees’ abilities. D. Inability to stimulate interviewees’ enthusiasm. 25. Initially, the author viewed Layla’s thank-you text as ________. A. a relief B. a distraction C. a reward D. a misunderstanding 26. Why did Layla request to review her admissions file? A. To ease her worries about future. B. To clarify the author’s confusion. C. To confirm she deserved the admission. D. To prove the author’s report played a role. 27. What can we learn from this passage? A. Each soul needs a witness. B. Every cloud has a silver lining. C. What goes around comes around. D. What matters always voices itself. C Arif Pujianto couldn’t sleep. When dawn broke, the area where he lives on the low-lying Pari Island in Indonesia was damaged. Eventually, he decided to do something about it. He filed a lawsuit (诉讼) against cement manufacturer Holcim. At first sight, this might seem unreasonable. After all, the company has no operations in Indonesia and is headquartered 12,000 kilometres from Pari, in Switzerland. Yet Pujianto’s case is on top of a wave of lawsuits supported by innovative climate attribution models. Computer simulations (模拟) have been the backbone of climate science since the 1960s. Scientists run them to predict how the planet will warm as the amount of greenhouse gases in our atmosphere increases. But climate models can be put to another use if they are run in a slightly different way. The idea is to simulate counterfactual scenarios (情景) and compare them with how things really turned out. How would the world look if we had left fossil fuels which we consumed in the ground, for example? Climate scientists have spent decades using this technique to figure out the consequences of carbon emissions, in a field that is broadly called attribution science. Climate models can be extremely complex and often require supercomputers to run. But two advances have started to change that. One is the development of “reduced complexity” climate models. Instead of modelling Earth’s precise physical, chemical and biological processes, these simpler models simulate them on average, which reduces processing power. The second advance boils down to innovations in the way we account for emissions and join the links in the causal chain between emissions and harms. That includes, for example, smarter ways of differentiating between historical emissions. A gigatonne of carbon emitted today, when oceans are more acidic, has different consequences to a gigatonne of carbon emitted in 1850. In 2022, climate scientists Christopher Callahan at Indiana University and Justin Mankin at Dartmouth College put these two advances together to create an end-to-end climate attribution model, one that stretches from the individual packets of emissions, perhaps from a single company, all the way to the effects of climate change on a community. Mankin is aware that the research may be used in court and pursuing climate action through climate lawsuits may be necessary. A proper test of how attribution science holds up in court in these “polluter-pays” cases hasn’t yet taken place, then. But such a test may not be too far off, says Noah Walker-Crawford, a legal advisor, especially given how many fresh cases are starting to come before judges. If a precedent is set by even a single successful polluter-pays case, it could open the floodgates to a huge number of similar claims. In each case, the individual damages demanded may be relatively small, but it could, nonetheless, be significant. 28. What can be inferred about the climate attribution model? A. It can simulate a world without carbon emissions. B. It predicts the timeline of future extreme weather. C. It is more accurate in modelling climate processes. D. It has shifted its aim to backing climate legal cases. 29. Regarding the future of “polluter-pays” cases, the author is _______ A. worried B. optimistic C. doubtful D. disapproving 30. What does the author mainly do in this passage? A. Anticipate a novel trend in court. B. Illustrate how climate models work. C. Introduce the history of climate models. D. Show a model expected to force climate action. D Whether artists or scientists, investigators strike out from what is known to brave the unknown in acts of creative discovery. Think of artists and scientists as users of three modes of discovery: knowing, seeing, and telling. We are all seeking knowledge — epistemologists who question what we think we know, how we come to know it, and whether we can prove what we think we know. Meanwhile, we are all seers — aestheticists who confront what we perceive in natural and created appearances. Finally, we are all tellers and listeners — narrativists who tell about what we have found and listen to the findings of others. The epistemologist’s attention to knowing resonated (引起共鸣) in physicist Andrea Califano’s precision-medicine discoveries in cancer biology. His philosopher-physicist mind is the creative ground to discover new treatments for cancer. “A lot of ideas end up being very, very simple-minded in hindsight. But it’s very difficult to foresee whether simple-minded ideas will work in the end. There’s nothing magical about what we do. It’s just that nobody had kind of thought of cancer in this way,” said Califano. The aestheticists want to face the material world with all the capacities of the human to see and imagine. Tissue engineer Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic exposed the creative powers of aesthetics in the practice of a scientist. It was the novel Alexandria Quartet that gave her the idea of her work as “sliding planes”: “Each of the sliding planes is a body of knowledge. Then they travel past each other, and somehow connect with each other. There were three sliding planes that are three different characters’ perspectives. And then the fourth plane was the time. That is how the book was constructed, I believe, and this is how we do science.” Knowing and seeing require connections between the internal world of the seer or knower, the external world of the seeable and knowable, and the world of witnesses who receive what becomes seen or known. These connections, what I call “telling”, are achieved through narrative acts like speech. It creates a network, bridging from person to person. Nabila El-Bassel, an international leader in studying the most hard-to-deal-with global health problems, confirmed the necessity of listening to all “telling” voices. El-Bassel and her teams are listeners of their subjects’ lived experiences, making sure that suffering individuals are heard and valued. Recognising the fundamental roles of epistemology, aesthetics, and narrative studies in medical research avoids costly oppositions between arts and sciences. With all three discovery modes engaged, scientists gradually recognise why suffering matters, how delicate the balance between sickness and health is, and how urgent medicine’s mission is. Health care’s response to disease could then embrace the pursuit to comprehend phenomena deep within the cell and to face up to social issues vast across the Earth. 31. What does the word “hindsight” underlined in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A. Innovative mindset. B. Blind-minded thinking. C. Long-term perspective. D. Reflective understanding. 32. What can we learn from this passage? A. The author has a preference for narrative studies. B. El-Bassel focuses on seeable external phenomena. C. Gordana values tackling problems from diverse angles. D. Califano’s breakthrough sets ground for cancer biology. 33. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Integration of art and science is hard to achieve. B. Three discovery modes can balance sickness and health. C. Meeting social needs is as vital as doing biological studies. D. Medical research helps realise the role of three discovery modes. 34. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. The Art of Science: Knowing, Seeing, and Telling B. Three Modes of Discovery: Can Artists Be Scientists? C. A Costly Conflict: The Battle Between Art and Science D. The Medicine’s Mission: Are Scientists Brave to Complete? 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Tolerance is often praised as a virtue. ____35____ It’s like holding your breath through an unwanted conversation with someone you’d rather not talk to. Still, you do anyway because you’re trying to be “tolerant.” Tolerance, at its core, is about bearing something such as a noise or discomfort. Something you’d prefer to be rid of but can’t, so you learn to live with it. That’s not exactly a warm foundation for human connection. You can “tolerate” someone while still secretly disliking everything about them. You can go years thinking you’re being a good person because you’ve managed not to explode, not to get angry, not to say the quiet part out loud. ____36____ To bridge the distance implied in tolerance, researchers suggest a shift to curiosity — the willingness to be changed by what we learn about others. ____37____ Ask people what they care about. What they fear. What keeps them up at night. Please don’t ask because it’s the “right” thing to do. Ask because you might find yourself in their answer. Furthermore, researchers advocate civility for a more connected society. Different from tolerance as mere endurance, civility is a social value based on mutual respect. It involves active moral engagement, a willingness to treat others with dignity even in disagreement. ____38____ In that sense, civility becomes the connective tissue that holds communities together when tolerance alone would let them drift apart. We cannot survive as a functioning society if we escape into a polite mask. A culture that avoids discomfort is a culture that stops growing. ____39____ So ask the question that feels too personal. Stay in the room when it gets uncomfortable. Because without this inconvenient curiosity, we would lose control over what it means to be human. A. But inside, you keep people at arm’s length. B. It’s about opening the self to someone else’s world. C. Yet, it feels more like a forced smile than a handshake. D. If we can’t risk a little awkwardness, we end up strangers. E. Listening with curiosity doesn’t mean you have to like everyone. F. It maintains shared life despite difference, not avoiding discomfort. G. However, we need more human moments, the kind you have to work at. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Every Mother’s Day, I am reminded how important food is in my relationship with Mom. Every dish is a source of memories. A bowl of soup, a cup of tea, a simple fried fish — each becomes a precious moment between us. Long before we speak, we are fed. Through food, we receive our first experiences of safety, care, and attention. A warm bowl of rice. A delicious chicken soup simmering (炖) in a kitchen filled with laughter. These are more than meals. They are messages: You are loved. You belong. I often think about the quiet care my mother puts into everything she cooks. There is no recipe that can express that feeling, no machine that can replicate (复制) her hands, her style, and her reasons. Each dish holds the power to create memories or to call them back. Today, as the world rushes toward automation and optimization (最优化), I increasingly find myself looking to food for moments of calm. At the same time, I worry what will happen to the human heart of food when machines prepare, deliver, and even plan our meals for us. Let’s be clear: Technology can help us in many ways. It can make cooking safer, more accessible, and less wasteful. But we must draw a line between assistance and replacement. Because once food is reduced to pure functional value, we will lose what it means to feed — and to be fed — as human beings. We don’t need smarter kitchens. We need longer tables, spaces where people of different backgrounds, generations, and experiences can gather and break bread together. The future will always offer faster, more efficient ways of eating. But it will always be the human touch in the act of cooking that gives food its deepest meaning. 40. Why is food important in the author’s relationship with Mom? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What will happen once food is reduced to pure functional value? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶ In the act of cooking, it will always be technology that gives food its deepest meaning. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. Besides what is mentioned in the passage, what role(s) does food play in your daily life? Why? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的外国好友Jim即将参加主题为“Skills Needed for a Sustainable Future”的联合国青年论坛(UN Youth Forum)，为此发来邮件，就发言内容询问你的想法。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1．你认为重要的技能； 2．说明理由。 注意：1．词数100左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $