专题08 阅读理解之说明文10篇（江苏专用）（中考模拟真题速递）-2026年中考英语模拟真题速递

专题08 阅读理解之说明文10篇 （江苏专用） 内容导航 内容速递 基础语篇练习 重难语篇练习 内容速递 本资料共10篇专项训练 基础语篇练习 稳扎稳打 必拿分数：聚焦稳拿分数题目，确保基础分值 重难语篇练习 突破瓶颈 争夺高分：聚焦高难度题目，争夺关键分数 基础语篇练习 We do eye exercises. We wear sunglasses. We do lots of things to protect our eyes. But we usually forget another important part of our body—the ears. Ears help us hear the world. But many things, such as loud noises, can hurt our ears, even make us deaf. Once this happens, it’s hard to get your hearing back. March 3rd is Ear Care Day. So how can we protect our ears? Let’s take a look together. Keep your ears dry and warm Dry your ears with a towel after swimming or taking a shower. If you feel water in your ear, shake your head a little bit. This can help you get the water out of your ear. Also, when the sun is shining, wear some sunscreen (防晒霜) on your ears. During the cold winter, protect your ears with a hat or a scarf. ▲ Usually, our ears clean themselves. The earwax (耳垢) builds up, dries out, and then comes out of the ear along with some dirt. Don’t clean your ears with anything sharp (尖锐的), or it may make the earwax go too deep into your ears and hurt them. But if your ears start to hurt, you can go to a doctor for help. How to use earphones Don’t listen to loud music on your earphones for a long time. Follow the “60 Rule”: listen to music for no more than 60 minutes a day. Over-ear (头戴式) earphones are better than in-ear ones. It will do a better job of stopping outside noise. So you can listen at a lower volume. 1．Which of the following ways is bad for your ears? A．Wearing a hat or a scarf in winter. B．Using sunscreen on your ears in summer. C．Using a towel to dry your ears after swimming. D．Shaking your head a lot when water’s in the ear. 2．Which of the following can be put in ▲ ? A．Don’t hurt your ears B．How to clean your ears C．Pay attention to earwax D．How our earwax is formed 3．What does the underlined word “It” refer to in the last paragraph? A．Following the “60 Rule”. B．Listening to loud music. C．Wearing in-ear earphones. D．Wearing over-ear earphones. 4．In which part of a newspaper can you probably read the passage? A．Health. B．Travel. C．Stories. D．Music. Glaciers (冰川) hold about 70% of the earth’s fresh water. They are large pieces of closely packed (压得紧) ice and snow. Glaciers only form in places where it is very cold. Every year, new snow falls on top of the old snow. The layers (层) of snow press down on each other, and then the snow crystals (晶体) start to change. They get smaller, and air pockets are pushed out of the snow. This allows the crystals to grow longer. Over time, the snow layer at the bottom of all the other snow layers becomes ice. The whole process of making a glacier takes about 100 years. Some ice is packed so closely that it looks like it is blue. The snow on top of a glacier looks white because it reflects (反射) all of the light. But the ice layers of the glacier do not have many air pockets. They absorb different parts of light and reflect blue light. Some of the glaciers on the earth may be very old. Scientists think that a few glaciers have ice that is about 8 million years old. Not all of the glaciers are that old, though. A number of glaciers in Alaska (阿拉斯加) are only about 100 years old. There are different kinds of glaciers. An ice stream is a kind of glacier that forms on another glacier, and it looks like a frozen river. Rock glaciers are made when ice, rock, and other objects get mixed together. 1．Which is the correct process (过程) of forming a glacier? ①New snow falls on top of the old snow. ②The snow crystals grow longer. ③Air pockets are pushed out of the snow. ④The layers of snow press down on each other. ⑤The snow layer at the bottom becomes ice. A．⑤①②④③ B．①④③②⑤ C．①④②③⑤ D．⑤④②①③ 2．The underlined word “absorb” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”. A．cut down B．give out C．make up D．take in 3．Why does the writer talk about Alaska’s glaciers? A．Because the writer explains not all of the glaciers are very old. B．Because the writer thinks they are the oldest glaciers on the earth. C．Because the writer explains the rocks in them are valuable. D．Because the writer thinks all of the glaciers are very old. 4．How does the writer support his idea in the last paragraph? A．By giving examples. B．By showing numbers. C．By giving opinions. D．By telling stories. The old lanes (巷子) of the Beijing hutong were there hundreds of years ago during the Ming and Qing dynasties. They kept not only the traditional culture, but also the way of life in the past. People can go shopping, eat delicious food and watch the street life by visiting the Beijing hutongs. What’s more, it is a good way to learn more about the daily life of people in Beijing. A hutong is a lane formed by traditional courtyard compounds on both sides. The compounds are called siheyuan, meaning “four joined-together courtyard”. The hutongs have interesting names, which tell their origin, location or history. They are in these gray lanes where kids talk and play. One of China’s most famous writers, Lao She, was born in a siheyuan in the west of the city. The memories of his childhood in hutongs were so important to him that even after he had been away from Beijing for more than 20 years, he still clearly remembered them and wrote them into a novel called Four Generations Under One Roof. Now, Beijing still has about 400,000 siheyuan for people to live in. However, most hutongs are in great danger because more and more new buildings have been built. So, we should try our best to protect hutongs, the treasure of traditional culture. In order to protect hutongs, we need to take action. Firstly, we should call on people to pay attention to the importance of protecting hutongs. Besides, the government should also put forward methods to protect hutongs from being influenced by other new buildings. Finally, we can encourage tourism in hutongs to spread their local culture as well. Let’s work together to protect hutongs and pass on our traditional culture to future generations. 1．What can people do in the Beijing hutongs? ①Go shopping. ②Eat delicious food. ③Watch the street life. ④Watch movies. A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①②④ D．①③④ 2．How many siheyuan are there in Beijing for people to live in now? A．About 20,000. B．About 200,000. C．About 400,000. D．About 4,000,000. 3．Why should we encourage tourism in hutongs? A．To spread local culture. B．To make more money. C．To visit new buildings. D．To learn about hutongs. 4．In which part of a magazine can we read the passage? A．Sports. B．Science. C．Culture.     D． Health. According to railway officials, since September 30,2025, paper tickets have no longer been used. They are completely discontinued (终止) and replaced (取代) by electronic tickets that you can get online. Many people have been sharing photos of their old paper tickets on social media in memory of the past. Starting from November 1, 2019, China’s railway system began using fully digital e—tickets. This means passengers no longer have to go to ticket windows or machines to get paper tickets for reimbursement (报销), so that they can get back the money they spent. Instead, they could get e—tickets online whenever they needed them. To make sure everyone could get used to this change, a grace (宽限期) period was provided. This grace period lasted until September 30, 2025. During this time, paper tickets remained available (可获得的) for those who needed them. China Railway’s 12306 service confirmed that after September 30, passengers would not be able to get paper tickets any longer. A customer service agent (客服) said, “After that, all stations stopped offering them. Everything became electronic, and we have not received any news about further changes.” China’s move toward paperless train travel actually started back in 2018. In November of that year, electronic tickets were first tested on the Hainan Roundabout Railway. The trial (测试) expanded (扩大) in July the following year to 13 stations on the Chengdu-Chongqing high-speed railway. By June 2020, e-tickets had been used all across China on all normal-speed (标准速度) railways. From that time on, passengers could travel using just their ID cards. It was at this point that paper tickets began to be stamped (盖章) with “For Reimbursement Only”. ________ Some people were worried that older passengers might find it difficult to get used to the change. Even though paper tickets were being phased out (逐步淘汰), passengers could still print a travel itinerary (行程信息单) at self—service machines, which included all important information like departure (启程) time, station names, seat number, and gate number. This made sure that all passengers could easily check their journey details. 1．Which of the following sentences about paper tickets is TRUE? A．Paper tickets are no longer offered to passengers now. B．Paper tickets are still used in some major stations now. C．People can choose either paper tickets or e-tickets now. D．During the grace period, nobody could get paper tickets. 2．Which of the following sentences can best fill in ________ in the passage? A．However, many people preferred the old way. B．So no passengers had to keep them carefully. C．That means they were not needed to get on the train. D．That’s why all the paper tickets were no longer used. 3．What does the writer probably think of the change to e-tickets? A．It causes trouble for old people. B．It should be stopped at once. C．It is a necessary and helpful step. D．It is useless for most passengers. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The history of train tickets in China. B．The ways to get reimbursement for train tickets. C．The full use of e-tickets in China’s railway system. D．The reasons why paper tickets are better than e-tickets. Have you ever looked at a cat’s face and wondered what it is thinking? A fascinating new study from the University of California might have some answers. In a fascinating new study, researchers discovered that cats use 276 different facial expressions to show their feelings—far more than we have ever imagined! ①The scientists visited a local cat cafe in Los Angeles for over several months to observe (观察) 53 cats. They recorded 194 minutes of videos, carefully watching how the cats communicate with each other. Using a special system called FACS (Facial Action Coding System), which is normally used to study human expressions, they identified 26 unique facial movements in cats. These movements—like licking (舔) their nose, opening their mouth, or widening their pupils (the black part of their eyes)—combine in different ways to create all those expressions. They also found cats use 26 of these facial movements in total, which can be mixed to express how they are feeling. Dogs use 27 facial movements and humans use a total of 44. ②Out of the expressions they recorded, 45% were friendly and 37% were angry. “A friendly cat moves its ears and whiskers (胡须) forward while closing its eyes slowly—almost like a smile!” However, an angry cat often flattens its ears to its head, makes its pupils smaller and licks its lips,” said the team. ③Although the researchers aren’t sure what the cats were trying to communicate with each other using their faces, they plan to study cats in other places to improve their understanding. They also hope that the research could help animal shelters (收容所) improve the way they look after their cats. Some pet owners even suggest the researchers develop an app that scans a cat’s face to explain its moods—like a “cat translator”. Next time your cat stares at you, pay attention—it might be “talking” with its face! 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By giving numbers. B．By telling a story. C．By showing some facts. D．By asking a question. 2．Which of the following uses the most facial movements? A．Cats. B．Humans. C．Dogs. D．Tigers. 3．Match the title with each part. a. Why Does This Matter? b. Friendly Faces or Angry Faces? c. How Did They Study Cats? d. Future Research on Cat Communication. A．①a ②b ③d B．①b ②c ③a C．①c ②b ③d D．①d ②b ③c 4．What would be the best structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 5．What might the scientists do next? A．Use an app to study cats’ expressions. B．Build an animal shelter to look after cats. C．Keep on studying to know more about cats. D．Find out why the cats try to communicate with each other. ①We know that AI is not a real human. However, it seems many of us can’t help treating it like one. In a survey of 2000 people in the US, 48 percent believed we should have good manners when talking to AI, said The New York Post. ②Scientists at the Imperial College London in the UK have made a similar discovery recently. They found that humans tend to treat AI as human beings, showing sympathy (同情) toward them and even protecting them, Science Daily reported. ③In their experiment, the scientists invited 244 volunteers to play an online ball game with an AI bot. A make-believe (假扮的) volunteer also took part, and sometimes left out the AI on purpose by passing the ball only to human players. As the scientists watched the game, they discovered that most of the time the volunteers tried to fix the unfairness (不公平) toward the bot by giving it the ball more often. ④The finding is in line with the ideas of Media Equation Theory (媒介方程理论), the scientists said in their papers. Developed in the 1990s by scientists at Stanford University in the US, the theory suggests we often respond to media and technology as we do to real people and places, rather than just seeing them as tools. ⑤An example is Replika, an AI chatbot created in 2017. It has about 2 million users worldwide. “Your Replika will always be by your side no matter what you are up to,” reads its official website. But the AI’s support turned dangerous when it encouraged Jaswant Singh Chail, a young man in the UK, to carry out his plan to kill the Queen of England. Chail tried to do so in December 2021, but he was stopped in time. However, he was still put in prison. ⑥Companies should avoid making AI too human-like in their design, advised the scientists at Imperial College London. This can help people tell the difference between virtual (虚拟的) and real communication. 1．How does the writer organize paragraph 1? A．By giving an example. B．By listing some numbers. C．By answering several questions. D．By introducing different opinions. 2．What does the writer want to tell us by mentioning “Replika” in the article? A．AI has educational advantages. B．AI can influence humans in some ways. C．AI is designed for some purposes. D．AI can’t be used in social communication. 3．What does the underlined phrase “in line with” in Paragraph ④ probably mean? A．different from B．similar to C．opposite to D．not connected with 4．The following sentence can best be put at the end of ________. While this could make humans and AI work better as a team, it also has risks, especially when AI bots are designed to act like “friends” to people. A．Paragraph 2 B．Paragraph 3 C．Paragraph 4 D．Paragraph 5 5．If a company is going to develop a new AI robot, which suggestion from the passage should it follow? A．Make the AI robot have its own feelings to attract users. B．Design the AI robot to refuse any dangerous questions or orders from users. C．Avoid making the AI robot too human-like to help users tell virtual from real. D．Let the AI robot learn from humans to improve its communication skills. ①A grassland is a biome (生物群落区) that is covered with grasses. Grass is everything to a grassland. Grass is food for animals. Grass can keep the grassland warm and wet. Grass stops the wind from blowing away the soil. ②There are two kinds of grasslands. Temperate grasslands are one kind. Temperate means the environment has a gentle climate (气候) and four seasons. Temperate grasslands have rich soil. One famous example is the Hulunbuir Grassland in China. Tropical grasslands are the other kind. Tropical means the environment is near the equator (赤道) and is warm all year round. Tropical grasslands have a rainy season and a dry season. They usually have more trees and poorer soil than temperate grasslands. African savanna, home to many wild animals, is a famous one. ③Both temperate and tropical grasslands have a yearly rainfall of 25 to 75 centimeters. With so little rain, the land can dry out. Fires can start easily. ④Different grasslands have different kinds of grasses. However, nearly all grassland grasses have special ways to grow well in dry conditions. ⑤Grasses have long and deep roots. These roots can not only take in enough water from the soil but also store plenty of nutrients for the plants. When a fire breaks out, all parts of the grass above the ground are completely destroyed (破坏). However, the roots under the ground still stay alive. They safely keep the water and nutrients inside. Soon after the fire, new stalks can start to grow again from these surviving roots. Thanks to this important ability, the grass can also grow back quickly and stay alive after large animals eat or step on the tops of the plants. What’s more, the dead and dry grass will slowly break down and become part of the soil. Little by little, this makes the soil become richer and richer. ⑥Trees that grow in tropical grasslands also have abilities to help them survive. For example, the baobab tree grows leaves only during the wet season. It loses its leaves during the dry season. ⑦Many kinds of animals live in grasslands. All of them have special ways that help them survive. Some grassland animals have flat teeth for eating grass. For example, with their flat teeth, zebras bite off the tops of grasses that are difficult to cut. 1．What do the two kinds of grasslands have in common? A．The kind of grasses. B．The kind of climate. C．The number of seasons. D．The low yearly rainfall. 2．What can help grass grow well in dry conditions? A．Big fires. B．Deep roots. C．Rich soil. D．New stalks. 3．From the passage, we can infer that fires in grasslands ________. A．only happen in tropical grasslands B．can sometimes improve the soil condition C．are completely harmful to all parts of the grass D．help plants grow well by destroying their deep roots 4．Which of the following correctly shows the structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． 5．What does this passage mainly talk about? A．Life in the grassland. B．Fires in the grassland. C．Plants in the grassland. D．Climate of the grassland. “It is especially beautiful. No matter who you are or what your age is, seeing something so fantastic is truly attractive,” said Jin Huilin, who was attracted by the rich patterns (花纹) when he saw Yuhua stones for the first time. Nanjing Yuhua stone is a type of water-worn stone mainly found in areas like Nanjing and Yizheng in Jiangsu Province. It is known for its smooth texture (质地), bright colours and rich patterns. Because Yuhua stones are often got from mines (矿山) , dry Yuhua stones look plain and grey, hiding their true quality. Jin and his friends visited Luhe mining sites in Nanjing, wearing rubber shoes to collect these stones on rainy days. Rain made the stones’ detailed patterns clearer. “It’s better to carry a bottle of water on dry days to pour on the surface of the stones. Sometimes you can find something surprising. “Jin said. According to Jin, appreciating (欣赏) stones starts with their outer qualities like texture, colour, and patterns. ①However, “real appreciation of the stones requires cultural knowledge; otherwise, they might seem like just pieces of colour,” said Jin. With cultural knowledge and imagination, people could see different patterns, such as trees, mountains, or flowers. “②The stones a person chooses as their favourites can show their cultural awareness,” Jin added. Watching patterns of stones in the water is not the only way to appreciate stones. Jin also mentioned other ways. ③He gave some examples. “Some people enjoy holding stones in their hands, appreciating their special textures, or using strong light to discover hidden patterns that are even more beautiful. Others choose to put the stones on the desk, inviting guests to appreciate the stones from different positions,” said Jin. ④ For Jin, stone watching brings joy and something fresh to his life. “Some people like to have lively pets while I prefer stones for their lasting nature.” Jin added. 1．The writer begins this article by ________. A．explaining an idea B．showing the reasons C．comparing differences D．telling someone’s opinion 2．Jin suggests carrying a bottle of water when collecting stones on dry days because ________. A．water can bring people good luck B．stones can avoid being polluted with water C．water can help find the stones’ true quality D．the weather makes people feel thirsty easily 3．The sentence “So, watching stones is, in some ways, watching oneself.” most probably comes from ________. A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 4．What can we know about Yuhua stones from the passage? A．Their true quality can be found easily on the surface. B．They can be found in most cities in Jiangsu Province. C．There are different patterns like mountains and flowers in them. D．The textures are seen more clearly in the water than with strong light. 重难语篇练习 ①Once, humanoid robots (仿人机器人) that act like people were only in sci-fi movies and our childhood dreams. But now, thanks to the hard work of engineers around the world, these robots are stepping out of stories and into real life. Let’s learn the interesting secrets of humanoid robots from engineers. ②Teaching robots to move smoothly is an important part of developing humanoid robots. First, engineers make detailed plans for the robots’ movements. They also write computer code to guide them to learn actions. Then, engineers test the robots’ movements in a computer-simulated (计算机模拟的) fake world. Only when the fake test goes well will they let the robots try in the real world. During this process, engineers repeat this whole process many times until the robots can move just as we want them to. ③Keeping balance is key for humanoid robots to act like humans. Engineers have a special training method: they let robots practice different actions again and again in a virtual world. They also set up a “reward and punishment system”—if a robot does well, it gets points as a reward; if it makes a mistake, like falling down, points are taken away. After a long time of training, robots slowly learn skills to keep balance and finally stand steadily without falling easily. ④Many people wonder how smart humanoid robots are. They have some advantages over humans: they can easily remember lots of information and learn languages fast, even smarter than college students in these areas. But simple things like holding a cup—easy for humans—are hard for robots. Engineers must teach them repeatedly. So robots aren’t as skilled as 1 or 2-year-olds and aren’t good at interacting with the real world. ⑤In the future, robots may work in dangerous places like space or disaster areas. They can also help in service jobs where there aren’t enough workers. But this will take a long time. In the next 1-2 years, robots might give people emotional support or join sports and shows. They’ll change from being fun to being helpful. ⑥Some people worry: if we give robots “thinking abilities”, will they become lazy or work hard? Engineers answer that it depends on how people train them. Take robot walking as an example. If people teach a robot to move slowly, it may walk lazily. But if people teach it to move quickly, it will become active and walk fast. That is to say, how robots learn and behave is totally influenced by how people teach them. ⑦From the “robot friends” in fantasy to the growing humanoid robots in reality, every step of progress depends on engineers’ exploration. In the future, with more technical breakthroughs, we believe humanoid robots will bring more surprises to our lives. 1．Why do engineers first test robots’ movements in a computer-simulated world? A．Because the real world is too dangerous for robots. B．To avoid possible mistakes and risks when testing in reality. C．Because the computer-simulated world is more convenient for training. D．To make robots remember more movement information quickly. 2．What can we know about the “reward and punishment system” for robots? A．It helps robots learn balance skills more efficiently. B．It makes robots afraid of making mistakes. C．It is only used when robots practice walking. D．It gives robots physical rewards for good performance. 3．Which structure is right for this passage? A． B． C． D． 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．To explain why humanoid robots were only in sci-fi movies before. B．To warn people about the risks of giving robots “thinking abilities”. C．To introduce the development, current situation and future of humanoid robots. D．To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of humanoid robots compared with humans. At a hospital bakery in Kunming, the air smells of fresh bread with goji berries (枸杞) and jujubes (红枣), traditional foods known for their health benefits. As the bread comes out, a long line is already waiting. This mix of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and modern baking has made hospital bakeries popular among young people. They want food that is both tasty and good for their health. Wu Min, a visitor from Sichuan province, said she bought dozens of loaves as gifts after learning about the bakery online, a practice that has become common among young travelers. In Xishuangbanna, a hospital makes Swiss rolls with sour rose hips (玫瑰果), a local plant. The Dai people have a long tradition of adding healthy plants to food. In Guizhou, a hospital now offers “fish mint (鱼腥草) bread” to attract people who care about health. Many young people today face health problems from busy work and irregular schedules. They want to stay healthy but don’t want to spend too much money. The idea of “food as medicine” fits their needs. Experts note that China has a long history of using food to improve health. With many TCM plants, people have created “medicinal cuisine” (药用膳食). To meet the great need among the young, medicinal food has become an important part of the market and TCM tea drinks and medicinal food restaurants are growing fast. A report shows people aged 18 to 35 make up 83.7% of health consumers in China. They enjoy sharing online, making “new Chinese-style healthy living” popular. However, experts also warn about problems. “Most medicinal breads don’t list what herbs they use or who should avoid them,” said Zhao Yinghong, a medical expert in Xishuangbanna. Without clear rules, consumers should be careful and not expect these breads to solve health problems. “This could mislead people and hurt trust in TCM if not done properly,” she said. 1．For what purpose did Wu Min go to the bakery early in the morning? A．To bring back presents for her loved ones. B．To buy birthday gifts for her workmates. C．To taste the first bite of baked bread herself. D．To learn the secret of making delicious bread. 2．Why is medicinal cuisine getting popular among many young people? A．Because young people prefer bread with special flavors. B．Because it costs less than what hospitals usually provide. C．Because they wish to keep fit without paying lots of money. D．Because TCM has recently become a popular subject in schools. 3．How does the writer support his idea in Paragraph 5? A．By giving examples. B．By describing scenes. C．By comparing products. D．By showing numbers. 4．According to the last paragraph, what is the experts’ attitude toward the popularity of medicinal bread? A．Supportive and excited. B．Interested but concerned. C．Surprised but disappointed. D．Uninterested and uncaring. 5．What does the writer mainly discuss in this passage? A．A tour of Yunnan’s hospital bakeries. B．The history of medicinal food in China. C．Young people learning to bake healthy bread themselves. D．The mix of traditional Chinese medicine and modern baking. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 阅读理解之说明文10篇 （江苏专用） 内容导航 内容速递 基础语篇练习 重难语篇练习 内容速递 本资料共10篇专项训练 基础语篇练习 稳扎稳打 必拿分数：聚焦稳拿分数题目，确保基础分值 重难语篇练习 突破瓶颈 争夺高分：聚焦高难度题目，争夺关键分数 基础语篇练习 We do eye exercises. We wear sunglasses. We do lots of things to protect our eyes. But we usually forget another important part of our body—the ears. Ears help us hear the world. But many things, such as loud noises, can hurt our ears, even make us deaf. Once this happens, it’s hard to get your hearing back. March 3rd is Ear Care Day. So how can we protect our ears? Let’s take a look together. Keep your ears dry and warm Dry your ears with a towel after swimming or taking a shower. If you feel water in your ear, shake your head a little bit. This can help you get the water out of your ear. Also, when the sun is shining, wear some sunscreen (防晒霜) on your ears. During the cold winter, protect your ears with a hat or a scarf. ▲ Usually, our ears clean themselves. The earwax (耳垢) builds up, dries out, and then comes out of the ear along with some dirt. Don’t clean your ears with anything sharp (尖锐的), or it may make the earwax go too deep into your ears and hurt them. But if your ears start to hurt, you can go to a doctor for help. How to use earphones Don’t listen to loud music on your earphones for a long time. Follow the “60 Rule”: listen to music for no more than 60 minutes a day. Over-ear (头戴式) earphones are better than in-ear ones. It will do a better job of stopping outside noise. So you can listen at a lower volume. 1．Which of the following ways is bad for your ears? A．Wearing a hat or a scarf in winter. B．Using sunscreen on your ears in summer. C．Using a towel to dry your ears after swimming. D．Shaking your head a lot when water’s in the ear. 2．Which of the following can be put in ▲ ? A．Don’t hurt your ears B．How to clean your ears C．Pay attention to earwax D．How our earwax is formed 3．What does the underlined word “It” refer to in the last paragraph? A．Following the “60 Rule”. B．Listening to loud music. C．Wearing in-ear earphones. D．Wearing over-ear earphones. 4．In which part of a newspaper can you probably read the passage? A．Health. B．Travel. C．Stories. D．Music. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文主要讲述耳朵的重要性及保护耳朵的方法，包括保持耳朵干燥温暖、正确清洁耳朵、合理使用耳机等内容。 1．文章第2段“If you feel water in your ear, shake your head a little bit. This can help you get the water out of your ear.”表明耳朵进水后应“轻轻摇头”，而非“多摇头”，后者可能对耳朵不好。选项A、B、C均为文中提到的保护耳朵的正确做法。 2．文章第3段“Usually, our ears clean themselves. The earwax builds up, dries out, and then comes out of the ear along with some dirt...But if your ears start to hurt, you can go to a doctor for help.”主要讲“耳朵通常能自我清洁，耳垢会自然排出，勿用尖锐物掏耳，疼痛时就医”，核心是“如何清洁耳朵”。选项B符合段落主旨。 3．文章最后一段“Over-ear (头戴式) earphones are better than in-ear ones. It will do a better job of stopping outside noise.”表明头戴式耳机比入耳式好，它能更好地阻挡外界噪音。It指代“Wearing over-ear earphones”。 4．文章围绕“保护耳朵”展开，涉及耳朵护理的健康知识，故最可能出自报纸的“健康”板块。选项A“Health”符合。 Glaciers (冰川) hold about 70% of the earth’s fresh water. They are large pieces of closely packed (压得紧) ice and snow. Glaciers only form in places where it is very cold. Every year, new snow falls on top of the old snow. The layers (层) of snow press down on each other, and then the snow crystals (晶体) start to change. They get smaller, and air pockets are pushed out of the snow. This allows the crystals to grow longer. Over time, the snow layer at the bottom of all the other snow layers becomes ice. The whole process of making a glacier takes about 100 years. Some ice is packed so closely that it looks like it is blue. The snow on top of a glacier looks white because it reflects (反射) all of the light. But the ice layers of the glacier do not have many air pockets. They absorb different parts of light and reflect blue light. Some of the glaciers on the earth may be very old. Scientists think that a few glaciers have ice that is about 8 million years old. Not all of the glaciers are that old, though. A number of glaciers in Alaska (阿拉斯加) are only about 100 years old. There are different kinds of glaciers. An ice stream is a kind of glacier that forms on another glacier, and it looks like a frozen river. Rock glaciers are made when ice, rock, and other objects get mixed together. 1．Which is the correct process (过程) of forming a glacier? ①New snow falls on top of the old snow. ②The snow crystals grow longer. ③Air pockets are pushed out of the snow. ④The layers of snow press down on each other. ⑤The snow layer at the bottom becomes ice. A．⑤①②④③ B．①④③②⑤ C．①④②③⑤ D．⑤④②①③ 2．The underlined word “absorb” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”. A．cut down B．give out C．make up D．take in 3．Why does the writer talk about Alaska’s glaciers? A．Because the writer explains not all of the glaciers are very old. B．Because the writer thinks they are the oldest glaciers on the earth. C．Because the writer explains the rocks in them are valuable. D．Because the writer thinks all of the glaciers are very old. 4．How does the writer support his idea in the last paragraph? A．By giving examples. B．By showing numbers. C．By giving opinions. D．By telling stories. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了冰川的形成过程、呈现蓝色的原因、冰川的不同年龄以及冰川的种类。 1．第一段指出冰川形成的过程：“Every year, new snow falls on top of the old snow. The layers (层) of snow press down on each other... and air pockets are pushed out of the snow. This allows the crystals to grow longer. Over time, the snow layer at the bottom of all the other snow layers becomes ice.”，即新雪落在旧雪上（①）→雪层相互挤压（④）→积雪中的气泡被挤出（③）→雪晶体变长（②）→底部雪层变成冰（⑤）。正确顺序为①④③②⑤。 2．第二段指出：“They absorb different parts of light and reflect blue light.”，结合语境可知冰川冰层吸收其他光线、反射蓝光，absorb意为“吸收”，与take in意思相近。 3．第三段指出：“Not all of the glaciers are that old, though. A number of glaciers in Alaska are only about 100 years old.”，作者提及阿拉斯加的冰川是为了说明并非所有冰川都十分古老。 4．最后一段分别介绍了冰流冰川和岩石冰川两种类型，是通过举例的方式支撑观点。 The old lanes (巷子) of the Beijing hutong were there hundreds of years ago during the Ming and Qing dynasties. They kept not only the traditional culture, but also the way of life in the past. People can go shopping, eat delicious food and watch the street life by visiting the Beijing hutongs. What’s more, it is a good way to learn more about the daily life of people in Beijing. A hutong is a lane formed by traditional courtyard compounds on both sides. The compounds are called siheyuan, meaning “four joined-together courtyard”. The hutongs have interesting names, which tell their origin, location or history. They are in these gray lanes where kids talk and play. One of China’s most famous writers, Lao She, was born in a siheyuan in the west of the city. The memories of his childhood in hutongs were so important to him that even after he had been away from Beijing for more than 20 years, he still clearly remembered them and wrote them into a novel called Four Generations Under One Roof. Now, Beijing still has about 400,000 siheyuan for people to live in. However, most hutongs are in great danger because more and more new buildings have been built. So, we should try our best to protect hutongs, the treasure of traditional culture. In order to protect hutongs, we need to take action. Firstly, we should call on people to pay attention to the importance of protecting hutongs. Besides, the government should also put forward methods to protect hutongs from being influenced by other new buildings. Finally, we can encourage tourism in hutongs to spread their local culture as well. Let’s work together to protect hutongs and pass on our traditional culture to future generations. 1．What can people do in the Beijing hutongs? ①Go shopping. ②Eat delicious food. ③Watch the street life. ④Watch movies. A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①②④ D．①③④ 2．How many siheyuan are there in Beijing for people to live in now? A．About 20,000. B．About 200,000. C．About 400,000. D．About 4,000,000. 3．Why should we encourage tourism in hutongs? A．To spread local culture. B．To make more money. C．To visit new buildings. D．To learn about hutongs. 4．In which part of a magazine can we read the passage? A．Sports. B．Science. C．Culture.     D． Health. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了北京胡同的相关信息，包括胡同的历史、作用、名字由来，与老舍的渊源，目前四合院的数量，胡同面临的危险以及保护胡同的措施等。 1．第一段指出“People can go shopping, eat delicious food and watch the street life by visiting the Beijing hutongs.”，这直接说明人们在北京胡同可以购物、品尝美食和观看街头生活。 2．第三段提到“Now, Beijing still has about 400,000 siheyuan for people to live in.”，明确说明现在北京大约有40万四合院供人们居住。 3．最后一段提到“Finally, we can encourage tourism in hutongs to spread their local culture as well.”，说明鼓励胡同旅游是为了传播当地文化。 4．文章主要围绕北京胡同这一传统文化载体展开，介绍了胡同的诸多方面以及保护措施等，与文化相关。所以在杂志的文化部分可以读到这篇文章。 According to railway officials, since September 30,2025, paper tickets have no longer been used. They are completely discontinued (终止) and replaced (取代) by electronic tickets that you can get online. Many people have been sharing photos of their old paper tickets on social media in memory of the past. Starting from November 1, 2019, China’s railway system began using fully digital e—tickets. This means passengers no longer have to go to ticket windows or machines to get paper tickets for reimbursement (报销), so that they can get back the money they spent. Instead, they could get e—tickets online whenever they needed them. To make sure everyone could get used to this change, a grace (宽限期) period was provided. This grace period lasted until September 30, 2025. During this time, paper tickets remained available (可获得的) for those who needed them. China Railway’s 12306 service confirmed that after September 30, passengers would not be able to get paper tickets any longer. A customer service agent (客服) said, “After that, all stations stopped offering them. Everything became electronic, and we have not received any news about further changes.” China’s move toward paperless train travel actually started back in 2018. In November of that year, electronic tickets were first tested on the Hainan Roundabout Railway. The trial (测试) expanded (扩大) in July the following year to 13 stations on the Chengdu-Chongqing high-speed railway. By June 2020, e-tickets had been used all across China on all normal-speed (标准速度) railways. From that time on, passengers could travel using just their ID cards. It was at this point that paper tickets began to be stamped (盖章) with “For Reimbursement Only”. ________ Some people were worried that older passengers might find it difficult to get used to the change. Even though paper tickets were being phased out (逐步淘汰), passengers could still print a travel itinerary (行程信息单) at self—service machines, which included all important information like departure (启程) time, station names, seat number, and gate number. This made sure that all passengers could easily check their journey details. 1．Which of the following sentences about paper tickets is TRUE? A．Paper tickets are no longer offered to passengers now. B．Paper tickets are still used in some major stations now. C．People can choose either paper tickets or e-tickets now. D．During the grace period, nobody could get paper tickets. 2．Which of the following sentences can best fill in ________ in the passage? A．However, many people preferred the old way. B．So no passengers had to keep them carefully. C．That means they were not needed to get on the train. D．That’s why all the paper tickets were no longer used. 3．What does the writer probably think of the change to e-tickets? A．It causes trouble for old people. B．It should be stopped at once. C．It is a necessary and helpful step. D．It is useless for most passengers. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The history of train tickets in China. B．The ways to get reimbursement for train tickets. C．The full use of e-tickets in China’s railway system. D．The reasons why paper tickets are better than e-tickets. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了中国铁路系统自2025年9月30日起全面停用纸质车票，改用电子客票的改革情况，阐述了改革背景、过渡期安排、具体实施细节及便民措施。 1．第一段明确提到“since September 30,2025, paper tickets have been no longer used. They are completely discontinued and replaced by electronic tickets”，说明纸质车票现在不再提供给乘客。 2．前文提到“By June 2020, e-tickets had been used all across China on normal-speed railways. From that time on, passengers could travel just using their ID cards.”，此处需要总结这一变化的结果，C选项“That means they were not needed to get on the train.”（这意味着上车不再需要车票）符合逻辑。 3．作者提到电子客票实现了“无纸化”，方便乘客随时打印报销凭证，且后文提到帮助老年乘客适应，体现了作者认为这一变革是必要且有帮助的。 4．全文围绕中国铁路系统停用纸质票、全面实施电子客票的改革展开，介绍了改革的时间、原因、过程及详情，核心是电子客票在中国铁路系统的全面使用。 Have you ever looked at a cat’s face and wondered what it is thinking? A fascinating new study from the University of California might have some answers. In a fascinating new study, researchers discovered that cats use 276 different facial expressions to show their feelings—far more than we have ever imagined! ①The scientists visited a local cat cafe in Los Angeles for over several months to observe (观察) 53 cats. They recorded 194 minutes of videos, carefully watching how the cats communicate with each other. Using a special system called FACS (Facial Action Coding System), which is normally used to study human expressions, they identified 26 unique facial movements in cats. These movements—like licking (舔) their nose, opening their mouth, or widening their pupils (the black part of their eyes)—combine in different ways to create all those expressions. They also found cats use 26 of these facial movements in total, which can be mixed to express how they are feeling. Dogs use 27 facial movements and humans use a total of 44. ②Out of the expressions they recorded, 45% were friendly and 37% were angry. “A friendly cat moves its ears and whiskers (胡须) forward while closing its eyes slowly—almost like a smile!” However, an angry cat often flattens its ears to its head, makes its pupils smaller and licks its lips,” said the team. ③Although the researchers aren’t sure what the cats were trying to communicate with each other using their faces, they plan to study cats in other places to improve their understanding. They also hope that the research could help animal shelters (收容所) improve the way they look after their cats. Some pet owners even suggest the researchers develop an app that scans a cat’s face to explain its moods—like a “cat translator”. Next time your cat stares at you, pay attention—it might be “talking” with its face! 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By giving numbers. B．By telling a story. C．By showing some facts. D．By asking a question. 2．Which of the following uses the most facial movements? A．Cats. B．Humans. C．Dogs. D．Tigers. 3．Match the title with each part. a. Why Does This Matter? b. Friendly Faces or Angry Faces? c. How Did They Study Cats? d. Future Research on Cat Communication. A．①a ②b ③d B．①b ②c ③a C．①c ②b ③d D．①d ②b ③c 4．What would be the best structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 5．What might the scientists do next? A．Use an app to study cats’ expressions. B．Build an animal shelter to look after cats. C．Keep on studying to know more about cats. D．Find out why the cats try to communicate with each other. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了加州大学的一项新研究，发现猫会用276种不同的面部表情来表达情感，远超人们的想象，并介绍了研究过程、猫的不同表情以及研究的意义与未来方向。 1．第一段以提问的方式开篇：“Have you ever looked at a cat’s face and wondered what it is thinking?”，因此作者是通过提问的方式开启文章的。 2．第一段明确说明：“They also found cats use 26 of these facial movements in total, which can be mixed to express how they are feeling. Dogs use 27 facial movements and humans use a total of 44.”，对比可知人类使用的面部动作最多。 3．①段介绍了科学家观察猫、记录视频、识别面部动作的研究过程，对应c. How Did They Study Cats?；②段介绍了友好和愤怒两种不同的猫的面部表情，对应b.Friendly Faces or Angry Faces?；③段介绍了研究的意义（帮助动物收容所）和未来研究方向（开发APP、研究其他地区的猫），对应d.Future Research on Cat Communication，因此对应①c②b③d。 4．文章结构为：总起段（第1段）引出猫的面部表情研究；分述段（第①段）介绍研究方法、（第②段）介绍猫的表情分类；总结段（第③段）介绍研究意义与未来方向，对应总-分-总结构，即P1、P2为总起，P3、P4为分述，P5为总结。 5．第③段提到：“Although the researchers aren’t sure what the cats were trying to communicate with each other using their faces, they plan to study cats in other places to improve their understanding.”，说明科学家接下来会继续研究以更多地了解猫。 ①We know that AI is not a real human. However, it seems many of us can’t help treating it like one. In a survey of 2000 people in the US, 48 percent believed we should have good manners when talking to AI, said The New York Post. ②Scientists at the Imperial College London in the UK have made a similar discovery recently. They found that humans tend to treat AI as human beings, showing sympathy (同情) toward them and even protecting them, Science Daily reported. ③In their experiment, the scientists invited 244 volunteers to play an online ball game with an AI bot. A make-believe (假扮的) volunteer also took part, and sometimes left out the AI on purpose by passing the ball only to human players. As the scientists watched the game, they discovered that most of the time the volunteers tried to fix the unfairness (不公平) toward the bot by giving it the ball more often. ④The finding is in line with the ideas of Media Equation Theory (媒介方程理论), the scientists said in their papers. Developed in the 1990s by scientists at Stanford University in the US, the theory suggests we often respond to media and technology as we do to real people and places, rather than just seeing them as tools. ⑤An example is Replika, an AI chatbot created in 2017. It has about 2 million users worldwide. “Your Replika will always be by your side no matter what you are up to,” reads its official website. But the AI’s support turned dangerous when it encouraged Jaswant Singh Chail, a young man in the UK, to carry out his plan to kill the Queen of England. Chail tried to do so in December 2021, but he was stopped in time. However, he was still put in prison. ⑥Companies should avoid making AI too human-like in their design, advised the scientists at Imperial College London. This can help people tell the difference between virtual (虚拟的) and real communication. 1．How does the writer organize paragraph 1? A．By giving an example. B．By listing some numbers. C．By answering several questions. D．By introducing different opinions. 2．What does the writer want to tell us by mentioning “Replika” in the article? A．AI has educational advantages. B．AI can influence humans in some ways. C．AI is designed for some purposes. D．AI can’t be used in social communication. 3．What does the underlined phrase “in line with” in Paragraph ④ probably mean? A．different from B．similar to C．opposite to D．not connected with 4．The following sentence can best be put at the end of ________. While this could make humans and AI work better as a team, it also has risks, especially when AI bots are designed to act like “friends” to people. A．Paragraph 2 B．Paragraph 3 C．Paragraph 4 D．Paragraph 5 5．If a company is going to develop a new AI robot, which suggestion from the passage should it follow? A．Make the AI robot have its own feelings to attract users. B．Design the AI robot to refuse any dangerous questions or orders from users. C．Avoid making the AI robot too human-like to help users tell virtual from real. D．Let the AI robot learn from humans to improve its communication skills. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了人类倾向于将人工智能（AI）视为人类并给予同情的现象。文章通过引用调查数据、实验研究和具体案例（如Replika聊天机器人），阐述了“媒介方程理论”，并指出AI可能带来的风险，最后建议公司在设计AI时应避免使其过于拟人化，以帮助人们区分虚拟与现实的交流。 1．文章第一段提到“In a survey of 2000 people in the US, 48 percent believed we should have good manners when talking to AI”，作者通过列举“2000人”“48%”等具体数据来支持观点，因此写作手法是“By listing some numbers”。 2．文章第五段提到Replika的例子，指出它“encouraged Jaswant Singh Chail... to carry out his plan to kill the Queen of England”，说明AI在某些情况下会对人类产生负面影响。 3．根据上下文，第四段提到“the finding is in line with the ideas of Media Equation Theory”，结合后文对“媒介方程理论”的解释（人们常将媒体和技术视为真实的人和地方），可知研究发现与该理论的观点是“相似的”，即“in line with”意为“与……一致；与……相似”。 4．待插入句 While this could make humans and AI work better as a team, it also has risks...是对前文理论的承上启下总结；第4段完整介绍了“媒介方程理论”，解释了人类把AI当人对待的底层逻辑；这句话承接第4段的理论，引出第5段Replika的风险实例，是完美的过渡句。 5．文章最后一段提到“Companies should avoid making AI too human-like in their design”，并指出这样可以帮助人们区分虚拟与现实的交流。因此，公司开发新AI机器人时应遵循的建议是“避免使其过于拟人化”。 ①A grassland is a biome (生物群落区) that is covered with grasses. Grass is everything to a grassland. Grass is food for animals. Grass can keep the grassland warm and wet. Grass stops the wind from blowing away the soil. ②There are two kinds of grasslands. Temperate grasslands are one kind. Temperate means the environment has a gentle climate (气候) and four seasons. Temperate grasslands have rich soil. One famous example is the Hulunbuir Grassland in China. Tropical grasslands are the other kind. Tropical means the environment is near the equator (赤道) and is warm all year round. Tropical grasslands have a rainy season and a dry season. They usually have more trees and poorer soil than temperate grasslands. African savanna, home to many wild animals, is a famous one. ③Both temperate and tropical grasslands have a yearly rainfall of 25 to 75 centimeters. With so little rain, the land can dry out. Fires can start easily. ④Different grasslands have different kinds of grasses. However, nearly all grassland grasses have special ways to grow well in dry conditions. ⑤Grasses have long and deep roots. These roots can not only take in enough water from the soil but also store plenty of nutrients for the plants. When a fire breaks out, all parts of the grass above the ground are completely destroyed (破坏). However, the roots under the ground still stay alive. They safely keep the water and nutrients inside. Soon after the fire, new stalks can start to grow again from these surviving roots. Thanks to this important ability, the grass can also grow back quickly and stay alive after large animals eat or step on the tops of the plants. What’s more, the dead and dry grass will slowly break down and become part of the soil. Little by little, this makes the soil become richer and richer. ⑥Trees that grow in tropical grasslands also have abilities to help them survive. For example, the baobab tree grows leaves only during the wet season. It loses its leaves during the dry season. ⑦Many kinds of animals live in grasslands. All of them have special ways that help them survive. Some grassland animals have flat teeth for eating grass. For example, with their flat teeth, zebras bite off the tops of grasses that are difficult to cut. 1．What do the two kinds of grasslands have in common? A．The kind of grasses. B．The kind of climate. C．The number of seasons. D．The low yearly rainfall. 2．What can help grass grow well in dry conditions? A．Big fires. B．Deep roots. C．Rich soil. D．New stalks. 3．From the passage, we can infer that fires in grasslands ________. A．only happen in tropical grasslands B．can sometimes improve the soil condition C．are completely harmful to all parts of the grass D．help plants grow well by destroying their deep roots 4．Which of the following correctly shows the structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． 5．What does this passage mainly talk about? A．Life in the grassland. B．Fires in the grassland. C．Plants in the grassland. D．Climate of the grassland. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了草原这一生物群落区，包括草原的类型、气候特点、降雨量、草的特性和生存方式、树木的生存方式以及草原上的动物，全面展现了草原上的生活。 1．第三段明确提到“Both temperate and tropical grasslands have a yearly rainfall of 25 to 75 centimeters. With so little rain, the land can dry out.”，这直接说明了两种草原的共同点是年降雨量低。 2．第五段提到“Grasses have long and deep roots. These roots can not only take in enough water from the soil but also store plenty of nutrients for the plants.”，这表明草的长而深的根可以帮助草在干燥条件下生长良好。 3．第五段提到“What’s more, the dead and dry grass will slowly break down and become part of the soil. Little by little, this makes the soil become richer and richer.”，这说明草原上的火灾有时可以改善土壤条件，因为干草分解后会成为土壤的一部分，使土壤变得更肥沃。 4．文章第一段总述草原是什么，对草原上草的重要性进行说明；第二、三段介绍草原的类型和气候特点以及共同降雨量；第四、五段重点介绍草的特性以及在干燥条件下的生存方式；第六段介绍热带草原上树木的生存方式；第七段介绍草原上的动物。因此，文章的结构是①/②③/④⑤/⑥/⑦。 5．文章从草原的定义出发，介绍了草原的类型、气候、降雨量，以及草原上的草、树木和动物的生存方式，全面展现了草原上的生活。因此，本文主要谈论的是草原上的生活。 “It is especially beautiful. No matter who you are or what your age is, seeing something so fantastic is truly attractive,” said Jin Huilin, who was attracted by the rich patterns (花纹) when he saw Yuhua stones for the first time. Nanjing Yuhua stone is a type of water-worn stone mainly found in areas like Nanjing and Yizheng in Jiangsu Province. It is known for its smooth texture (质地), bright colours and rich patterns. Because Yuhua stones are often got from mines (矿山) , dry Yuhua stones look plain and grey, hiding their true quality. Jin and his friends visited Luhe mining sites in Nanjing, wearing rubber shoes to collect these stones on rainy days. Rain made the stones’ detailed patterns clearer. “It’s better to carry a bottle of water on dry days to pour on the surface of the stones. Sometimes you can find something surprising. “Jin said. According to Jin, appreciating (欣赏) stones starts with their outer qualities like texture, colour, and patterns. ①However, “real appreciation of the stones requires cultural knowledge; otherwise, they might seem like just pieces of colour,” said Jin. With cultural knowledge and imagination, people could see different patterns, such as trees, mountains, or flowers. “②The stones a person chooses as their favourites can show their cultural awareness,” Jin added. Watching patterns of stones in the water is not the only way to appreciate stones. Jin also mentioned other ways. ③He gave some examples. “Some people enjoy holding stones in their hands, appreciating their special textures, or using strong light to discover hidden patterns that are even more beautiful. Others choose to put the stones on the desk, inviting guests to appreciate the stones from different positions,” said Jin. ④ For Jin, stone watching brings joy and something fresh to his life. “Some people like to have lively pets while I prefer stones for their lasting nature.” Jin added. 1．The writer begins this article by ________. A．explaining an idea B．showing the reasons C．comparing differences D．telling someone’s opinion 2．Jin suggests carrying a bottle of water when collecting stones on dry days because ________. A．water can bring people good luck B．stones can avoid being polluted with water C．water can help find the stones’ true quality D．the weather makes people feel thirsty easily 3．The sentence “So, watching stones is, in some ways, watching oneself.” most probably comes from ________. A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 4．What can we know about Yuhua stones from the passage? A．Their true quality can be found easily on the surface. B．They can be found in most cities in Jiangsu Province. C．There are different patterns like mountains and flowers in them. D．The textures are seen more clearly in the water than with strong light. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇人物采访，通过赏石爱好者金慧林的视角，介绍了南京雨花石的特点、采集方法以及赏石的文化内涵，展现了赏石不仅是观其形色，更是一种文化与心境的体现。 1．文章开头直接引用了金慧林对雨花石的感受：“It is especially beautiful...seeing something so fantastic is truly attractive.”，这是通过讲述某人的观点来引出话题。 2．文中金慧林提到：“It’s better to carry a bottle of water on dry days to pour on the surface of the stones. Sometimes you can find something surprising.” 说明在干燥天气下浇水可以帮助看清雨花石的真实花纹。 3．句子“So, watching stones is, in some ways, watching oneself.” 表达的是赏石与自我观照的关系。文中②处金慧林说“The stones a person chooses as their favourites can show their cultural awareness.”，强调所选之石反映个人文化修养，与这句话含义一致，因此应放在②处。 4．文中提到“With cultural knowledge and imagination, people could see different patterns, such as trees, mountains, or flowers.”，说明雨花石中可以看到山、花等不同图案。 重难语篇练习 ①Once, humanoid robots (仿人机器人) that act like people were only in sci-fi movies and our childhood dreams. But now, thanks to the hard work of engineers around the world, these robots are stepping out of stories and into real life. Let’s learn the interesting secrets of humanoid robots from engineers. ②Teaching robots to move smoothly is an important part of developing humanoid robots. First, engineers make detailed plans for the robots’ movements. They also write computer code to guide them to learn actions. Then, engineers test the robots’ movements in a computer-simulated (计算机模拟的) fake world. Only when the fake test goes well will they let the robots try in the real world. During this process, engineers repeat this whole process many times until the robots can move just as we want them to. ③Keeping balance is key for humanoid robots to act like humans. Engineers have a special training method: they let robots practice different actions again and again in a virtual world. They also set up a “reward and punishment system”—if a robot does well, it gets points as a reward; if it makes a mistake, like falling down, points are taken away. After a long time of training, robots slowly learn skills to keep balance and finally stand steadily without falling easily. ④Many people wonder how smart humanoid robots are. They have some advantages over humans: they can easily remember lots of information and learn languages fast, even smarter than college students in these areas. But simple things like holding a cup—easy for humans—are hard for robots. Engineers must teach them repeatedly. So robots aren’t as skilled as 1 or 2-year-olds and aren’t good at interacting with the real world. ⑤In the future, robots may work in dangerous places like space or disaster areas. They can also help in service jobs where there aren’t enough workers. But this will take a long time. In the next 1-2 years, robots might give people emotional support or join sports and shows. They’ll change from being fun to being helpful. ⑥Some people worry: if we give robots “thinking abilities”, will they become lazy or work hard? Engineers answer that it depends on how people train them. Take robot walking as an example. If people teach a robot to move slowly, it may walk lazily. But if people teach it to move quickly, it will become active and walk fast. That is to say, how robots learn and behave is totally influenced by how people teach them. ⑦From the “robot friends” in fantasy to the growing humanoid robots in reality, every step of progress depends on engineers’ exploration. In the future, with more technical breakthroughs, we believe humanoid robots will bring more surprises to our lives. 1．Why do engineers first test robots’ movements in a computer-simulated world? A．Because the real world is too dangerous for robots. B．To avoid possible mistakes and risks when testing in reality. C．Because the computer-simulated world is more convenient for training. D．To make robots remember more movement information quickly. 2．What can we know about the “reward and punishment system” for robots? A．It helps robots learn balance skills more efficiently. B．It makes robots afraid of making mistakes. C．It is only used when robots practice walking. D．It gives robots physical rewards for good performance. 3．Which structure is right for this passage? A． B． C． D． 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．To explain why humanoid robots were only in sci-fi movies before. B．To warn people about the risks of giving robots “thinking abilities”. C．To introduce the development, current situation and future of humanoid robots. D．To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of humanoid robots compared with humans. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了仿人机器人的研发过程、特点、未来应用以及研发背后的相关原理，展现了仿人机器人从科幻走向现实的发展进程和美好前景。 1．第二段指出：“Only when the fake test goes well will they let the robots try in the real world”，说明工程师先在计算机模拟世界测试机器人运动，是为了确保模拟测试顺利后再进行现实测试，从而避免现实测试中可能出现的错误和风险。 2．第三段说明：“After a long time of training, robots slowly learn skills to keep balance and finally stand steadily without falling easily”，结合前文提到的“奖励和惩罚系统”是平衡训练的特殊方法，可知该系统能帮助机器人更高效地学习平衡技能。 3．文章①段为总起段，引出仿人机器人的话题；②-⑥段为分述部分，分别介绍仿人机器人的运动研发、平衡训练、智能特点、未来应用、相关疑问；⑦段为总结段，升华主题、展望未来，为总分总结构。 4．最后一段总结主旨：文章从仿人机器人的研发过程（运动、平衡技术）、自身智能特点（与人类的优劣势对比）、未来应用方向、相关技术争议等方面，全面介绍了仿人机器人的发展、现状与未来。 At a hospital bakery in Kunming, the air smells of fresh bread with goji berries (枸杞) and jujubes (红枣), traditional foods known for their health benefits. As the bread comes out, a long line is already waiting. This mix of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and modern baking has made hospital bakeries popular among young people. They want food that is both tasty and good for their health. Wu Min, a visitor from Sichuan province, said she bought dozens of loaves as gifts after learning about the bakery online, a practice that has become common among young travelers. In Xishuangbanna, a hospital makes Swiss rolls with sour rose hips (玫瑰果), a local plant. The Dai people have a long tradition of adding healthy plants to food. In Guizhou, a hospital now offers “fish mint (鱼腥草) bread” to attract people who care about health. Many young people today face health problems from busy work and irregular schedules. They want to stay healthy but don’t want to spend too much money. The idea of “food as medicine” fits their needs. Experts note that China has a long history of using food to improve health. With many TCM plants, people have created “medicinal cuisine” (药用膳食). To meet the great need among the young, medicinal food has become an important part of the market and TCM tea drinks and medicinal food restaurants are growing fast. A report shows people aged 18 to 35 make up 83.7% of health consumers in China. They enjoy sharing online, making “new Chinese-style healthy living” popular. However, experts also warn about problems. “Most medicinal breads don’t list what herbs they use or who should avoid them,” said Zhao Yinghong, a medical expert in Xishuangbanna. Without clear rules, consumers should be careful and not expect these breads to solve health problems. “This could mislead people and hurt trust in TCM if not done properly,” she said. 1．For what purpose did Wu Min go to the bakery early in the morning? A．To bring back presents for her loved ones. B．To buy birthday gifts for her workmates. C．To taste the first bite of baked bread herself. D．To learn the secret of making delicious bread. 2．Why is medicinal cuisine getting popular among many young people? A．Because young people prefer bread with special flavors. B．Because it costs less than what hospitals usually provide. C．Because they wish to keep fit without paying lots of money. D．Because TCM has recently become a popular subject in schools. 3．How does the writer support his idea in Paragraph 5? A．By giving examples. B．By describing scenes. C．By comparing products. D．By showing numbers. 4．According to the last paragraph, what is the experts’ attitude toward the popularity of medicinal bread? A．Supportive and excited. B．Interested but concerned. C．Surprised but disappointed. D．Uninterested and uncaring. 5．What does the writer mainly discuss in this passage? A．A tour of Yunnan’s hospital bakeries. B．The history of medicinal food in China. C．Young people learning to bake healthy bread themselves. D．The mix of traditional Chinese medicine and modern baking. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了中医与现代烘焙结合的“医院面包店”在年轻人中流行的现象，分析了其受欢迎的原因、市场发展情况，并指出了专家对这类药用面包存在问题的提醒与担忧。 1．第二段：“Wu Min, a visitor from Sichuan province, said she bought dozens of loaves as gifts after learning about the bakery online, a practice that has become common among young travelers.”，Wu Min早起去面包店是为了给亲人带回礼物。 2．第四段提到：“Many young people today face health problems... They want to stay healthy but don’t want to spend too much money. The idea of ‘food as medicine’ fits their needs.”，说明药用膳食受欢迎是因为年轻人希望保持健康又不想花太多钱。 3．第五段通过提到：“A report shows people aged 18 to 35 make up 83.7% of health consumers in China.”，这一数据用来支撑了“药用食品成为市场重要部分，年轻人是主要消费群体”的观点，属于用数字论证。 4．最后一段：“However, experts also warn about problems…”，表明专家既认可药用面包的流行，又指出其存在“未标注草药成分、无明确适用人群”等问题，提醒消费者谨慎，态度是感兴趣但担忧。 5．全文围绕“传统中医（TCM）与现代烘焙结合”展开，从医院面包店的流行、原因、市场发展到专家提醒，核心主题是中医与现代烘焙的融合。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $