Unit 4 My friends(知识清单)英语新教材冀教版七年级下册

2026-04-04
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语冀教版七年级下册
年级 七年级
章节 Unit 4 My friends
类型 学案-知识清单
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-单元练习
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
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文件大小 219 KB
发布时间 2026-04-04
更新时间 2026-04-04
作者 wang520818
品牌系列 上好课·上好课
审核时间 2026-04-04
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Unit 4 My friends 单词 1.chalk /tʃɔːk/ n. 粉笔 2. self /self/ n. (指一个人)自己;自我 3. interest /'ɪntrəst/ n. 兴趣;趣味;利益 4. agree /ə'griː/ v. 同意;赞成;商定 5. care /keə(r)/ v. 关心;关注;担忧 n. 照顾;小心;忧虑 6. understand /ˌʌndə'stænd/ v. 理解;谅解 7. friendship /'frendʃɪp/ n. 友谊;友好 8. argument /'ɑːgjumənt/ n. 争论;争吵 9. hit /hɪt/ v. (用手或器具)击,打 10. decide /dɪ'saɪd/ v. 决定;选定 11. bath /bɑːθ/ n. 洗浴;浴缸 12. sudden /'sʌdn/ adj. 突然的 13. could /kʊd/ aux. 能够 14. trouble /'trʌbl/ n. 困难;麻烦;问题 v. 使苦恼;使忧虑 15. breathe /briːð/ v. 呼吸;呼出 16. luckily /'lʌkɪli/ adv. 幸运地 17. save /seɪv/ v. 救;挽救;储蓄;保存 18. flat /flæt/ adj. 平滑的;平坦的 n. 公寓 19. stone /stəʊn/ n. 石头;石块 20. someone /'sʌmwʌn/ pron.某人 21. hurtful /'hɜːtfl/ adj.伤感情的 22. wind /wɪnd/ n.风;气流 23. blow /bləʊ/ v.吹;破裂 n.猛击;打击 24. erase /ɪ'reɪz/ v.清除;擦掉;抹去 25.terrible /'terəbl/ adj.可怕的;非常严重的 26.happen /'hæpən/ v.(尤指偶然)发生; (作为结果)出现;碰巧 27. lose /luːz/ v.失去;遗失 28. donate /dəʊ'neɪt/ v.捐赠;赠送;捐献 29. lucky /'lʌki/ adj.幸运的;有好运的 30. raise /reɪz/ v.筹募;提升;养育 31.change /tʃeɪndʒ/ v.变化;改变;交换 n.变化;替代 32. shy /ʃaɪ/ adj.羞怯的;胆小的 33. once /wʌns/ adv.曾经;一次 conj.一旦;一······就 34. lonely /'ləʊnli/ adj.孤独的;偏僻的 35. develop /dɪ'veləp/ v.发展;开发;研制 短语 1. in hard times 在艰难时期 2. understand the meaning of... 理解……的意思 3. find out 找出;发现;弄明白 4. go through 穿过 5. have an argument 争论 6. keep on doing... 继续做…… 7. all of a sudden 突然地 8. have trouble doing 做某事有困难 9. write down 写下来 10. blow away 吹走 11. Don't be afraid. 别害怕。 12. lucky money 压岁钱 13. work on oneself 专注于自身 14. the same as 和……一样 15.make friends 交朋友 16. in time 及时 句型 1. They kept on walking and got to a small lake.他们继续往前走,来到一个小湖边。 2. They decided to take a bath.他们决定洗个澡。 3. He had trouble breathing.他呼吸困难。 4. Thank you for all your help.感谢你们所有的帮助。 语法 1. 一般过去时Ⅱ 语音 1. 单词重音 一、知识点清单 知识点1:Ms Liu picks up a piece of chalk and writes a word on the blackboard.(教材 P44) pick up 拿起;提起;拾起;捡起 为“动词 +副词”型短语,其宾语若为人称代词,应放在pick与up之间。 Cleaners pick up rubbish to keep our environment clean.清洁工捡拾垃圾以保持环境清洁。(2024眉山中考) He found a letter on the ground and picked it up.他发现地上有封信,就把它捡了起来。 拓展pick up 的其他常见义项: ①搭 载;(开车)接人 Shall we go to the airport to pick up your sister? 我们去机场接你妹妹好吗?(安徽中考) ②(偶然)得到,学会 Last week, I picked up a popularrecipe to cook fish.上周,我学会了一个流行的烹鱼食谱。(苏州中考) ③接电话 Why didn't you pick up my phone atseven o' clock last night? 昨晚7点你为什么不接我的电话? ④收拾;整理 Will you pick up all your toys? 把你的玩具都收起来好不好? 知识点2:So friends have the same interests?(教材P44) interest/'ɪntrəst/ n.兴趣;趣味;利益 interest 在此意为“兴趣,爱好”,作可数名词。 Every person has his own talents and interests.每个人都有自己的才能和爱好。(2024长春中考) 拓展 (1)[名词]兴趣;关注 相当于be interested in sth. have/ show/ take(an) interest in sth.对……有/表现出/产生兴趣 lose interest in sth.对……失去兴趣 He showed a strong interest in Chinese classical art and culture.他对中国古典艺术和文化表现出浓厚的兴趣。 (2)[名词]趣味;利益 His speech added special interest to the party. 他的讲话给聚会增添了特别的趣味。 The club will protect the interests of its members.俱乐部会保护其成员的利益。 (3)[动词]使感兴趣,使关注 If sports are something that interests you, you must want to know how to be good at them. 如果你对运动感兴趣,那你一定想知道如何擅长运动。(2024 南充中考) 知识点3:I agree. (教材P44) agree/ə'griː/ v.同意;赞成;商定 反义词为disagree“不同意”。 agree with 表示同意某人的看法或观点,后接人或表示“意见;看法”的名词。 agree to sth. 同意(计划、建议、安排等) agree to do sth. 同意/商定做某事 agree on sth. 就……取得一致意见 agree +that从句 同意……;商定…… —Planting is not only a kind of labor practice but also helps us learn a lot.种植不仅是一种劳动实践,还能帮我们学到很多东西。 —I quite agree with you. 我完全同意你的观点。(2024遂宁中考) We agreed to their arrangements.我们同意了他们的安排。 We agree to leave at once.我们同意马上离开。 We don't agree on everything.我们并不是对所有事情都有一致的看法。 Most people agree that the novel is a good one.大多数人认为这本小说不错。 知识点4: And a friend cares about you.(教材P44) care about关心 后常接名词或代词作宾语。 People usually give gifts to someone they love or care about.人们通常会给他们喜爱或关心的人送礼物。(济宁中考) Kids should learn to understand and care about parents.孩子应该学会理解和关心父母。(成都中考) care[名词]照顾;小心 take care ①“保重”,常作为告别用语 ②“小心;当心”,可单独使用,也可接 to do sth.或 that从句 take care of : “照顾;照料”,相当于 look after或 care for,care前可用 good等词修饰 Take care and hope to hear from you soon.保重,希望尽快收到你的来信。(杭州中考) We should take care not to speak loudly in public.我们应该注意不要在公共场合大声喧哗。 It's important for teenagers to learn some life skills to take care of themselves.对青少年来说,学习一些生活技能来照顾自己是很重要的。(云南中考) 知识点5:My friends help me out in hard times.(教材P44) help out帮助……解决问题 为“动词+副词”型短语,人称代词作其宾语时,应放在help与 out之间。 Lots of students help out with housework after school.许多学生放学后帮忙做家务。 I can't solve the problem. Can you help me out?我无法解决这个问题。你能帮我吗? 知识点6: I think all of you understand the meaning of"friendship". (教材P44) understand /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ v.理解;谅解 过去式为 understood Can you understand French? 你懂法语吗?(作及物动词) If you want to leave early, I'm sure he'll understand.如果你想早些离开,我相信他会体谅的。(作不及物动词) 拓展 understanding的用法: (1)[名词]理解;谅解 We can have a better understanding of Chinese culture through Chinese folk art.我们可以通过中国民间艺术更好地了解中国文化。 (2)[形容词]善解人意的,体谅人的 She has very understanding parents.她的父母非常善解人意。 知识点7:You can find out more meanings of"friendship"with your friends. (教材P44 ) find out找出;发现;弄明白 辨析find out, find与look for find out 找出;发现;弄明白 侧重指经过观察、调查或研究等把某事弄清楚。 find 找到;发现 强调找的结果,多指偶然发现或碰到。 look for 寻找 指有目的地寻找,强调找的过程,结果如何并不清楚。 语境串记 The boy looked for his key everywhere, but he couldn't find it. He wanted to find out where it was.这个男孩到处找他的钥匙,但是没有找到。他想弄清楚它在哪里。 拓展“动词+out”型的其他常用短语: go out熄灭 set out出发 put out 扑灭 work out解决;算出 look out当心 give out分发;散发 知识点8:One day, they were going through a desert. (教材P46) go through穿过 We went through the forest and arrived at the village.我们穿过森林,到达了那个村庄。 拓展 go through的其他常见含义: (1)经历;遭受 We all go through some periods when we feel sad or lonely.我们都会经历一些感到悲伤或孤独的时期。(2024长沙中考) (2)仔细察看某物;检查某物 For children's safety, parents must go through the instructions for the activities carefully.为了孩子的安全,家长必须仔细阅读活动说明。(2024广东中考) 知识点9: On the way, they had an argument. (教材P46) argument/'ɑːgjumənt/ n.争论;争吵 拓展 have an argument(with sb.) (与某人)争论 We never had a big argument with each other.我们之间从未有过激烈的争吵。 argue[不及物动词]争论;争吵 argue with sb.与某人争吵/争论 argue about/over sth.就某事而争吵/争论 Don't argue with the driver when taking a bus.乘坐公共汽车时不要和司机争吵。 They were arguing about/over the matter again.他们又在为这件事而争吵。 知识点10:And Lee hit Jim. (教材P46) hit/hɪt/ v.(用手或器具)击,打 过去式为hit hit sb. in the + eye/face/stomach 击打某的眼睛/脸/腹部 hit sb. on the + head/nose/back 击打某人的头部/鼻子/背部 The ball hit him in the face.球击中了他的脸。 She hit him on the head with a book.她用书打了他的头。 拓展 [名词]击;很受欢迎的人(或事物) He made the winning hit.他击出了制胜一球。 The opera was a great hit.那部歌剧取得了巨大成功。 知识点11:They kept on walking and got to a small lake. (教材P46) keep on doing sth.继续做某事 相当于keep doing sth. 谚语 Keep on learning as long as you live.活到老,学到老。 拓展 keep的其他常见用法: keep sb. doing sth.让某人一直做某事 keep sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事 keep sb./sth.+ adj.使某人/某物保持……状态 The ups and downs of the story will keep you laughing from beginning to end.故事的跌宕起伏会让你从头笑到尾。(福建中考) The heavy rain kept us from going to school.大雨让我们无法去上学。 We must keep our classroom clean and tidy.我们必须保持教室干净整洁。 知识点12: They decided to take a bath. (教材P46 ) decide /dɪ'saɪd/ v.决定;选定高频 常考点 decide v. decide (not) to do sth.决定(不)做某事 decide +“特殊疑问词+不定式” decide+宾语从句 He decided to help the people in need.他决定帮助那些需要帮助的人。(陕西中考) He cannot decide when to leave.他不能决定何时离开。 You can't decide what you look like, but you can decide what you want to be.你决定不了自己的长相,但你可以决定自己想成为什么样的人。(2024 吉林中考) decision[名词]决定;抉择 make a decision (to do sth.)下定决心(做某事) I made a decision(= decided) to read English every day. 我决定每天读英语。 知识点13: But all of a sudden, Jim couldn' t move.(教材P46) sudden/'sʌdn/ adj.突然的 (1) all of a sudden突然地 All of a sudden the lights went out.突然,灯都灭了。 (2)[形容词]突然的 副词形式为suddenly“突然;猛地”。 There was a sudden change in the weather in the evening.傍晚天气突然变了。 I suddenly realized what I had to do.我突然意识到自己该怎么做了。 could /kʊd/ aux.能够 在此作can的过去式,表示过去的能力。 The clever boy could recite so many poems when he was three.这个聪明的男孩三岁时就能背诵很多首诗。 could还可用于提出要求或请求许可,语气比can委婉。 —Could I have a look at your new watch? 我能看一下你的新手表吗? —Of course you can. Here you are.当然可以,给你。 知识点14:He had trouble breathing. (教材P46) have trouble doing sth. 做某事有困难 相当于have problems/ difficulty doing sth. trouble在此作名词,意为“困难;问题”,其前可用some、no、much等词修饰。 More than 70 million people around the world have trouble getting clean, safe water. 世界上有超过七千万人难以获得干净、安全的水。(安徽中考) 拓展(1)have trouble/problems/ difficulty with sth.在某方面有困难 I have a high level of English, but I still have trouble with my pronunciation.我的英语水平很高,但我的发音仍有问题。 (2)trouble[动词]使苦恼;使忧虑 The news troubled him deeply.这个消息使他深感忧虑。 breathe /briːð/ v.呼吸;呼出 When he plays Taiji, he can feel more relaxed and breathe better.当他打太极时,他会感觉更放松,呼吸更顺畅。(2024遂宁中考)(作不及物动词) Every morning we get up early, breathe the fresh air and hear the birds sing in the woods.每天清晨,我们都早起,呼吸新鲜的空气,聆听树林里的鸟鸣声。(岳阳中考)(作及物动词) 拓展breath[名词]呼出的气;吸入的气 hold one's breath屏住呼吸 out of breath喘不上气 take a deep breath深吸一口气 知识点15: Luckily, Lee heard him in time and saved him. (教材P46) luckily /'lʌkɪli/ adv.幸运地 |副词]常位于句首修饰整个句子。 Luckily, we can use AI for good ideas now.幸运的是,我们现在可以用人工智能来想出好主意。(2024自贡中考) 拓展 luck n. lucky adj. luckily adv. 运气 幸运的 幸运地 unlucky adj. unluckily adv. 不幸的 不幸地 in time及时 辨析in time与on time in time 及时 指恰好赶上,暗含匆忙之义。 on time 按时,准时 指依照规定或约定的时间。 语境串记 Kate didn't catch the bus in time, so she didn't arriveat school on time.凯特没有及时赶上公共汽车,因此未能按时到校。 save/seɪv/ v.救;挽救;储蓄;保存 (1)救;挽救 save one' s life挽救某人的生命 save sb./ sth. from...使某人/某物免于…… The doctor saved the man's life.医生挽救了所个人的生命。 My uncle saved a child from falling into the water,我叔叔救了一个眼看要落入水中的孩子。 (2)储蓄 She is saving money to buy a computer.她正在存钱买电脑。 (3)保存 We' ll eat some now and save some for tomorrow.我们现在吃一些,留一些明天吃。 拓展[动词]节约 To save energy, don't forget to turn off the light before you leave the room.为了节约能源,离开房间前别忘了关灯。 知识点16:When someone does something hurtful, we should write it down in the sand. (教材P46) someone /'sʌmwʌn/ pron.某人 相当于somebody 是由“some +one”构成的复合不定代词,常用于肯定句中,在否定句或疑问句中常用anyone.其作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 Someone is waiting for you outside.有人在外面等你。 Nancy didn't know anyone in the new school.南希在新学校里一个人都不认识。 拓展someone[代词]重要人物 She thinks she's really someone in that car.她以为,坐上那辆车,她就真成个人物了。 write down写下来 同义短语为take down/ put down 是“动词+副词”型短语。 write down +名词= write +名词+ down Please write down your names(= write your names down).请写下你们的名字。 write +人称代词+down 只能放中间 These are new words. Please write them down.这些是生词,请把它们写下来。 拓展常见的“动词+down”短语还有: fall down跌倒 cut down砍倒;削减 lie down躺下 break down出故障 look down向下看 turn down把……调低;拒绝 二、语法点清单 一般过去时Ⅱ 动词过去式的规则变法 变化情况 规则 例词 规则 变化 在动词原形后加-ed work→worked, stay→stayed  以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先将y变为i再加-ed carry→carried, study→studied  以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,直接加-d live→lived,close→closed  以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写该辅音字母后再加-ed stop→stopped, plan→planned 特别提醒 "-ed”在清辅音后读/t/,在浊辅音、元音后读/d/,在/t/、/d/后读/ɪd/. 巧学妙记 规则动词过去式的构成 过去式构成有规律,一般词尾加-ed. 如果词尾有个e,直接加-d就可以。 辅音字母y结尾,变y为i加-ed. 一辅重闭作尾巴,双写之后加-ed. 不规则变法 不规则动词的过去式变化需要特殊记忆,大致可分为以下几种: 变化规律 原形 过去式 过去式和原形一样 cut put let cut put let 中间元音变化 i→a swim begin sit swam began sat i→o ride drive write rode drove wrote o/a→e draw throw know drew threw knew 过去式以 ought /aught 结尾 bring buy teach catch brought bought taught caught 结尾 d 变为 t build spend send built spent sent 双写字母改单写,词尾加 t feel keep smell sleep felt kept smelt slept 3、 语音清单 重读(Stress) 主要分为 单词重音 和 句子重音 两块。掌握重读是发音标准、听力理解的关键。 单词重音 (Word Stress) 定义:单词中读得 更响亮、更长、音调更高 的音节。用符号 ˈ 标在音节前。 1. 音节划分(基础) 规则:单词中有 几个元音音素,就有几个音节(与字母数无关)。 单音节:pen /pen/ 双音节:stu-dent /ˈstjuː-dənt/ 多音节:in-ter-es-ting /ˈɪn-tə-res-tɪŋ/ 2. 核心重音规则(中考必背) 单词类型 重音位置 例词(音标) 单音节词 全部重读(无需标ˈ) map /mæp/, stop /stɒp/ 双音节名词 / 形容词 第一个音节 ˈteacher /ˈtiː-tʃə(r)/, ˈhappy /ˈhæ-pi/ 双音节动词 第二个音节 beˈgin /bɪ-ˈɡɪn/, forˈget /fə-ˈɡet/ 多音节词 倒数第三个音节 ˈlibrary /ˈlaɪ-brə-ri/, ˈfamily /ˈfæ-mə-li/ -ic, -tion, -sion 结尾 后缀前一个音节 poˈlitic /pə-ˈlɪ-tɪk/, eduˈcation /ˌedʒ-ʊ-ˈkeɪ-ʃn/ 词性不同重音不同 名前动后 ˈrecord (n. 唱片) /reˈcord (v. 录制) 四、写作清单 介绍朋友和友谊 1. 话题分析 本单元的话题是“朋友和友谊”,要求学生能用所学词汇和句型表达对友谊的看法或讲述关于友谊的故事。 2. 写作内容 介绍朋友和友谊。 3. 写作要点 ①表达自己对友谊的理解和看法; ②讲述自己的交友故事; ③针对他人的交友问题给出建议。 4. 写作思路提示 ①题材:本文是一篇记叙文; ②时态:时态为“一般现在时”; ③提示:根据提示信息介绍自己的好朋友,可适当发挥,注意行文连贯,表述完整。 5.写作步骤 第一步,审题立意:确定文体:记叙文(材料作文),以一般现在时为主 明确要点:介绍好友Lily的性格、学习、爱好、生活习惯及梦想 确定人称:第三人称(she) 注意事项:要点完整不遗漏;语法拼写正确,句式通顺。; 第二步,构思布局:总分总结构: 开头介绍朋友,中间描述学习、生活与爱好,结尾说明梦想; 第三步,要点展开: 要点一:基本性格 bright and hard-working/serious about studies/participate in class discussions 要点二:学习与爱好 be good at English and math/love reading books/in her spare time 要点三:生活习惯 lead a healthy lifestyle/exercise every morning/eat a balanced diet/play badminton 要点四:梦想愿望 become a teacher/help students learn and grow 6.通用表达 高分词汇 friendly 友好的 kind 善良的 helpful 乐于助人的 honest 诚实的 share 分享 support 支持 trust 信任 care about 关心 get along well with 与…… 相处融洽 in need 在困境中 开头句 I have a good friend, and he/she is very important to me. Friendship is one of the most beautiful things in our life. Everyone needs friends, and I am no exception. 描述朋友 My friend is outgoing and always ready to help others. He/She likes doing the same things as me. We often study and play together after school. 阐述友谊意义 A true friend can share happiness and sadness with you. A friend in need is a friend indeed. Trust and understanding make friendship stronger. 结尾句 I hope our friendship will last forever. I value my friend and our precious friendship. Friends make my life more wonderful 8. 范例作文 My Good Friend I have a good friend named Lily. She is a bright and hard-working student. In school, she is always serious about her studies and enjoys participating in class discussions. She is good at English and math, and she loves reading books in her spare time. Lily leads a healthy lifestyle. She exercises every morning and eats a balanced diet. She enjoys playing badminton with her friends after school. Lily’s dream is to become a teacher. She hopes to help more students learn and grow. 译文: 我的好朋友 我有一个名叫莉莉的好朋友。她是一个聪明又勤奋的学生。在学校里,她对待学习总是认真严谨,并且乐于参与课堂讨论。她擅长英语和数学,在课余时间喜欢读书。莉莉拥有健康的生活方式。她每天早上锻炼身体,饮食均衡。放学后她喜欢和朋友们一起打羽毛球。莉莉的梦想是成为一名教师,她希望帮助更多的学生学习与成长。 9. 实战演练 朋友是时光的馈赠,“唯以心相交,方能成其久远”。假如你是李华,你们学校要举行英语交流会,请你以“My Best Friend”为题,根据以下提示,用英语写一篇发言稿来介绍你的一位好朋友。 要求:语言通顺,意思连贯,条理清楚,书写规范,可适当发挥。60词左右。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 例文 Hello, everyone! My best friend is Zhang Jun. He has short black hair and wears glasses. He is kind and always helps me with my studies. We often play basketball after school. He is good at math and often explains difficult problems to me. I am happy to have such a good friend. I hope our friendship lasts forever. That’s all. Thanks! 【详解】[第一步:审题立意] 确定文体:发言稿(介绍性短文),以一般现在时为主。 明确要点:介绍最好的朋友外貌、性格、爱好、互相帮助,表达希望友谊长久 确定人称:第一人称“I/my/we”,第三人称“he” 注意事项:不出现真实姓名、校名,60 词左右。 [第二步:构思布局] 三段式结构: 开头段:打招呼,介绍最好的朋友是谁。 主体段:写朋友外貌、性格、爱好、互相帮助。 结尾段:表达感受,希望友谊长久,致谢。 [第三步:要点展开] 要点一:朋友基本信息 介绍朋友名字:My best friend is Zhang Jun. 要点二:外貌与性格 外貌信息:short black hair/wears glasses等 性格描述:kind等 要点三:日常活动与互相帮助 活动内容:play basketball等 帮助内容:explains difficult problems to me等 要点四:感受与祝福 感受:happy to have such a good friend 祝福:hope our friendship lasts forever 1 / 11 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 My friends 单词 1.____________ /tʃɔːk/ n. 粉笔 2. ____________/self/ n. (指一个人)自己;自我 3. ____________/'ɪntrəst/ n. 兴趣;趣味;利益 4. ____________/ə'griː/ v. 同意;赞成;商定 5. ____________/keə(r)/ v. 关心;关注;担忧 n. 照顾;小心;忧虑 6. ____________/ˌʌndə'stænd/ v. 理解;谅解 7. ____________/'frendʃɪp/ n. 友谊;友好 8. ____________/'ɑːgjumənt/ n. 争论;争吵 9. ____________/hɪt/ v. (用手或器具)击,打 10. ____________/dɪ'saɪd/ v. 决定;选定 11. ____________/bɑːθ/ n. 洗浴;浴缸 12. ____________/'sʌdn/ adj. 突然的 13. ____________/kʊd/ aux. 能够 14. ____________/'trʌbl/ n. 困难;麻烦;问题 v. 使苦恼;使忧虑 15. ____________/briːð/ v. 呼吸;呼出 16. ____________/'lʌkɪli/ adv. 幸运地 17. ____________/seɪv/ v. 救;挽救;储蓄;保存 18. ___________/flæt/ adj. 平滑的;平坦的 n. 公寓 19. ____________/stəʊn/ n. 石头;石块 20. ____________/'sʌmwʌn/ pron.某人 21. ____________/'hɜːtfl/ adj.伤感情的 22. ____________/wɪnd/ n.风;气流 23. ____________/bləʊ/ v.吹;破裂 n.猛击;打击 24. ____________/ɪ'reɪz/ v.清除;擦掉;抹去 25.____________/'terəbl/ adj.可怕的;非常严重的 26.____________/'hæpən/ v.(尤指偶然)发生; (作为结果)出现;碰巧 27. ____________/luːz/ v.失去;遗失 28. ____________/dəʊ'neɪt/ v.捐赠;赠送;捐献 29. ____________/'lʌki/ adj.幸运的;有好运的 30. ____________/reɪz/ v.筹募;提升;养育 31.____________/tʃeɪndʒ/ v.变化;改变;交换 n.变化;替代 32. ____________/ʃaɪ/ adj.羞怯的;胆小的 33. ____________/wʌns/ adv.曾经;一次 conj.一旦;一······就 34. ____________/'ləʊnli/ adj.孤独的;偏僻的 35. ____________/dɪ'veləp/ v.发展;开发;研制 短语 1. ____________在艰难时期 2. ____________ 理解……的意思 3. ____________找出;发现;弄明白 4. ____________穿过 5. ____________ 争论 6. ____________ 继续做…… 7. ____________ 突然地 8. ____________ 做某事有困难 9. ____________写下来 10. ____________ 吹走 11. ____________ 别害怕。 12. ____________ 压岁钱 13. ____________专注于自身 14. ____________ 和……一样 15.____________ 交朋友 16. ____________ 及时 句型 1. They kept on ________and got to a small lake.他们继续往前走,来到一个小湖边。 2. They decided ________ a bath.他们决定洗个澡。 3. He had trouble_______他呼吸困难。 4. ________ _______ _______ all your help.感谢你们所有的帮助。 语法 1. 一般过去时Ⅱ 语音 1. 单词重音 一、知识点清单 知识点1:Ms Liu picks up a piece of chalk and writes a word on the blackboard.(教材 P44) pick up 拿起;提起;拾起;捡起 为“动词 +副词”型短语,其宾语若为人称代词,应放在pick与up之间。 Cleaners pick up rubbish to keep our environment clean.清洁工捡拾垃圾以保持环境清洁。(2024眉山中考) He found a letter on the ground and picked it up.他发现地上有封信,就把它捡了起来。 拓展pick up 的其他常见义项: ①搭 载;(开车)接人 Shall we go to the airport to pick up your sister? 我们去机场接你妹妹好吗?(安徽中考) ②(偶然)得到,学会 Last week, I picked up a popularrecipe to cook fish.上周,我学会了一个流行的烹鱼食谱。(苏州中考) ③接电话 Why didn't you pick up my phone atseven o' clock last night? 昨晚7点你为什么不接我的电话? ④收拾;整理 Will you pick up all your toys? 把你的玩具都收起来好不好? 知识点2:So friends have the same interests?(教材P44) interest/'ɪntrəst/ n.兴趣;趣味;利益 interest 在此意为“兴趣,爱好”,作可数名词。 Every person has his own talents and interests.每个人都有自己的才能和爱好。(2024长春中考) 拓展 (1)[名词]兴趣;关注 相当于be interested in sth. have/ show/ take(an) interest in sth.对……有/表现出/产生兴趣 lose interest in sth.对……失去兴趣 He showed a strong interest in Chinese classical art and culture.他对中国古典艺术和文化表现出浓厚的兴趣。 (2)[名词]趣味;利益 His speech added special interest to the party. 他的讲话给聚会增添了特别的趣味。 The club will protect the interests of its members.俱乐部会保护其成员的利益。 (3)[动词]使感兴趣,使关注 If sports are something that interests you, you must want to know how to be good at them. 如果你对运动感兴趣,那你一定想知道如何擅长运动。(2024 南充中考) 知识点3:I agree. (教材P44) agree/ə'griː/ v.同意;赞成;商定 反义词为disagree“不同意”。 agree with 表示同意某人的看法或观点,后接人或表示“意见;看法”的名词。 agree to sth. 同意(计划、建议、安排等) agree to do sth. 同意/商定做某事 agree on sth. 就……取得一致意见 agree +that从句 同意……;商定…… —Planting is not only a kind of labor practice but also helps us learn a lot.种植不仅是一种劳动实践,还能帮我们学到很多东西。 —I quite agree with you. 我完全同意你的观点。(2024遂宁中考) We agreed to their arrangements.我们同意了他们的安排。 We agree to leave at once.我们同意马上离开。 We don't agree on everything.我们并不是对所有事情都有一致的看法。 Most people agree that the novel is a good one.大多数人认为这本小说不错。 知识点4: And a friend cares about you.(教材P44) care about关心 后常接名词或代词作宾语。 People usually give gifts to someone they love or care about.人们通常会给他们喜爱或关心的人送礼物。(济宁中考) Kids should learn to understand and care about parents.孩子应该学会理解和关心父母。(成都中考) care[名词]照顾;小心 take care ①“保重”,常作为告别用语 ②“小心;当心”,可单独使用,也可接 to do sth.或 that从句 take care of : “照顾;照料”,相当于 look after或 care for,care前可用 good等词修饰 Take care and hope to hear from you soon.保重,希望尽快收到你的来信。(杭州中考) We should take care not to speak loudly in public.我们应该注意不要在公共场合大声喧哗。 It's important for teenagers to learn some life skills to take care of themselves.对青少年来说,学习一些生活技能来照顾自己是很重要的。(云南中考) 知识点5:My friends help me out in hard times.(教材P44) help out帮助……解决问题 为“动词+副词”型短语,人称代词作其宾语时,应放在help与 out之间。 Lots of students help out with housework after school.许多学生放学后帮忙做家务。 I can't solve the problem. Can you help me out?我无法解决这个问题。你能帮我吗? 知识点6: I think all of you understand the meaning of"friendship". (教材P44) understand /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ v.理解;谅解 过去式为 understood Can you understand French? 你懂法语吗?(作及物动词) If you want to leave early, I'm sure he'll understand.如果你想早些离开,我相信他会体谅的。(作不及物动词) 拓展 understanding的用法: (1)[名词]理解;谅解 We can have a better understanding of Chinese culture through Chinese folk art.我们可以通过中国民间艺术更好地了解中国文化。 (2)[形容词]善解人意的,体谅人的 She has very understanding parents.她的父母非常善解人意。 知识点7:You can find out more meanings of"friendship"with your friends. (教材P44 ) find out找出;发现;弄明白 辨析find out, find与look for find out 找出;发现;弄明白 侧重指经过观察、调查或研究等把某事弄清楚。 find 找到;发现 强调找的结果,多指偶然发现或碰到。 look for 寻找 指有目的地寻找,强调找的过程,结果如何并不清楚。 语境串记 The boy looked for his key everywhere, but he couldn't find it. He wanted to find out where it was.这个男孩到处找他的钥匙,但是没有找到。他想弄清楚它在哪里。 拓展“动词+out”型的其他常用短语: go out熄灭 set out出发 put out 扑灭 work out解决;算出 look out当心 give out分发;散发 知识点8:One day, they were going through a desert. (教材P46) go through穿过 We went through the forest and arrived at the village.我们穿过森林,到达了那个村庄。 拓展 go through的其他常见含义: (1)经历;遭受 We all go through some periods when we feel sad or lonely.我们都会经历一些感到悲伤或孤独的时期。(2024长沙中考) (2)仔细察看某物;检查某物 For children's safety, parents must go through the instructions for the activities carefully.为了孩子的安全,家长必须仔细阅读活动说明。(2024广东中考) 知识点9: On the way, they had an argument. (教材P46) argument/'ɑːgjumənt/ n.争论;争吵 拓展 have an argument(with sb.) (与某人)争论 We never had a big argument with each other.我们之间从未有过激烈的争吵。 argue[不及物动词]争论;争吵 argue with sb.与某人争吵/争论 argue about/over sth.就某事而争吵/争论 Don't argue with the driver when taking a bus.乘坐公共汽车时不要和司机争吵。 They were arguing about/over the matter again.他们又在为这件事而争吵。 知识点10:And Lee hit Jim. (教材P46) hit/hɪt/ v.(用手或器具)击,打 过去式为hit hit sb. in the + eye/face/stomach 击打某的眼睛/脸/腹部 hit sb. on the + head/nose/back 击打某人的头部/鼻子/背部 The ball hit him in the face.球击中了他的脸。 She hit him on the head with a book.她用书打了他的头。 拓展 [名词]击;很受欢迎的人(或事物) He made the winning hit.他击出了制胜一球。 The opera was a great hit.那部歌剧取得了巨大成功。 知识点11:They kept on walking and got to a small lake. (教材P46) keep on doing sth.继续做某事 相当于keep doing sth. 谚语 Keep on learning as long as you live.活到老,学到老。 拓展 keep的其他常见用法: keep sb. doing sth.让某人一直做某事 keep sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事 keep sb./sth.+ adj.使某人/某物保持……状态 The ups and downs of the story will keep you laughing from beginning to end.故事的跌宕起伏会让你从头笑到尾。(福建中考) The heavy rain kept us from going to school.大雨让我们无法去上学。 We must keep our classroom clean and tidy.我们必须保持教室干净整洁。 知识点12: They decided to take a bath. (教材P46 ) decide /dɪ'saɪd/ v.决定;选定高频 常考点 decide v. decide (not) to do sth.决定(不)做某事 decide +“特殊疑问词+不定式” decide+宾语从句 He decided to help the people in need.他决定帮助那些需要帮助的人。(陕西中考) He cannot decide when to leave.他不能决定何时离开。 You can't decide what you look like, but you can decide what you want to be.你决定不了自己的长相,但你可以决定自己想成为什么样的人。(2024 吉林中考) decision[名词]决定;抉择 make a decision (to do sth.)下定决心(做某事) I made a decision(= decided) to read English every day. 我决定每天读英语。 知识点13: But all of a sudden, Jim couldn' t move.(教材P46) sudden/'sʌdn/ adj.突然的 (1) all of a sudden突然地 All of a sudden the lights went out.突然,灯都灭了。 (2)[形容词]突然的 副词形式为suddenly“突然;猛地”。 There was a sudden change in the weather in the evening.傍晚天气突然变了。 I suddenly realized what I had to do.我突然意识到自己该怎么做了。 could /kʊd/ aux.能够 在此作can的过去式,表示过去的能力。 The clever boy could recite so many poems when he was three.这个聪明的男孩三岁时就能背诵很多首诗。 could还可用于提出要求或请求许可,语气比can委婉。 —Could I have a look at your new watch? 我能看一下你的新手表吗? —Of course you can. Here you are.当然可以,给你。 知识点14:He had trouble breathing. (教材P46) have trouble doing sth. 做某事有困难 相当于have problems/ difficulty doing sth. trouble在此作名词,意为“困难;问题”,其前可用some、no、much等词修饰。 More than 70 million people around the world have trouble getting clean, safe water. 世界上有超过七千万人难以获得干净、安全的水。(安徽中考) 拓展(1)have trouble/problems/ difficulty with sth.在某方面有困难 I have a high level of English, but I still have trouble with my pronunciation.我的英语水平很高,但我的发音仍有问题。 (2)trouble[动词]使苦恼;使忧虑 The news troubled him deeply.这个消息使他深感忧虑。 breathe /briːð/ v.呼吸;呼出 When he plays Taiji, he can feel more relaxed and breathe better.当他打太极时,他会感觉更放松,呼吸更顺畅。(2024遂宁中考)(作不及物动词) Every morning we get up early, breathe the fresh air and hear the birds sing in the woods.每天清晨,我们都早起,呼吸新鲜的空气,聆听树林里的鸟鸣声。(岳阳中考)(作及物动词) 拓展breath[名词]呼出的气;吸入的气 hold one's breath屏住呼吸 out of breath喘不上气 take a deep breath深吸一口气 知识点15: Luckily, Lee heard him in time and saved him. (教材P46) luckily /'lʌkɪli/ adv.幸运地 |副词]常位于句首修饰整个句子。 Luckily, we can use AI for good ideas now.幸运的是,我们现在可以用人工智能来想出好主意。(2024自贡中考) 拓展 luck n. lucky adj. luckily adv. 运气 幸运的 幸运地 unlucky adj. unluckily adv. 不幸的 不幸地 in time及时 辨析in time与on time in time 及时 指恰好赶上,暗含匆忙之义。 on time 按时,准时 指依照规定或约定的时间。 语境串记 Kate didn't catch the bus in time, so she didn't arriveat school on time.凯特没有及时赶上公共汽车,因此未能按时到校。 save/seɪv/ v.救;挽救;储蓄;保存 (1)救;挽救 save one' s life挽救某人的生命 save sb./ sth. from...使某人/某物免于…… The doctor saved the man's life.医生挽救了所个人的生命。 My uncle saved a child from falling into the water,我叔叔救了一个眼看要落入水中的孩子。 (2)储蓄 She is saving money to buy a computer.她正在存钱买电脑。 (3)保存 We' ll eat some now and save some for tomorrow.我们现在吃一些,留一些明天吃。 拓展[动词]节约 To save energy, don't forget to turn off the light before you leave the room.为了节约能源,离开房间前别忘了关灯。 知识点16:When someone does something hurtful, we should write it down in the sand. (教材P46) someone /'sʌmwʌn/ pron.某人 相当于somebody 是由“some +one”构成的复合不定代词,常用于肯定句中,在否定句或疑问句中常用anyone.其作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 Someone is waiting for you outside.有人在外面等你。 Nancy didn't know anyone in the new school.南希在新学校里一个人都不认识。 拓展someone[代词]重要人物 She thinks she's really someone in that car.她以为,坐上那辆车,她就真成个人物了。 write down写下来 同义短语为take down/ put down 是“动词+副词”型短语。 write down +名词= write +名词+ down Please write down your names(= write your names down).请写下你们的名字。 write +人称代词+down 只能放中间 These are new words. Please write them down.这些是生词,请把它们写下来。 拓展常见的“动词+down”短语还有: fall down跌倒 cut down砍倒;削减 lie down躺下 break down出故障 look down向下看 turn down把……调低;拒绝 二、语法点清单 一般过去时Ⅱ 动词过去式的规则变法 变化情况 规则 例词 规则 变化 在动词原形后加-ed work→worked, stay→stayed  以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先将y变为i再加-ed carry→carried, study→studied  以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,直接加-d live→lived,close→closed  以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写该辅音字母后再加-ed stop→stopped, plan→planned 特别提醒 "-ed”在清辅音后读/t/,在浊辅音、元音后读/d/,在/t/、/d/后读/ɪd/. 巧学妙记 规则动词过去式的构成 过去式构成有规律,一般词尾加-ed. 如果词尾有个e,直接加-d就可以。 辅音字母y结尾,变y为i加-ed. 一辅重闭作尾巴,双写之后加-ed. 不规则变法 不规则动词的过去式变化需要特殊记忆,大致可分为以下几种: 变化规律 原形 过去式 过去式和原形一样 cut put let cut put let 中间元音变化 i→a swim begin sit swam began sat i→o ride drive write rode drove wrote o/a→e draw throw know drew threw knew 过去式以 ought /aught 结尾 bring buy teach catch brought bought taught caught 结尾 d 变为 t build spend send built spent sent 双写字母改单写,词尾加 t feel keep smell sleep felt kept smelt slept 3、 语音清单 重读(Stress) 主要分为 单词重音 和 句子重音 两块。掌握重读是发音标准、听力理解的关键。 单词重音 (Word Stress) 定义:单词中读得 更响亮、更长、音调更高 的音节。用符号 ˈ 标在音节前。 1. 音节划分(基础) 规则:单词中有 几个元音音素,就有几个音节(与字母数无关)。 单音节:pen /pen/ 双音节:stu-dent /ˈstjuː-dənt/ 多音节:in-ter-es-ting /ˈɪn-tə-res-tɪŋ/ 2. 核心重音规则(中考必背) 单词类型 重音位置 例词(音标) 单音节词 全部重读(无需标ˈ) map /mæp/, stop /stɒp/ 双音节名词 / 形容词 第一个音节 ˈteacher /ˈtiː-tʃə(r)/, ˈhappy /ˈhæ-pi/ 双音节动词 第二个音节 beˈgin /bɪ-ˈɡɪn/, forˈget /fə-ˈɡet/ 多音节词 倒数第三个音节 ˈlibrary /ˈlaɪ-brə-ri/, ˈfamily /ˈfæ-mə-li/ -ic, -tion, -sion 结尾 后缀前一个音节 poˈlitic /pə-ˈlɪ-tɪk/, eduˈcation /ˌedʒ-ʊ-ˈkeɪ-ʃn/ 词性不同重音不同 名前动后 ˈrecord (n. 唱片) /reˈcord (v. 录制) 四、写作清单 介绍朋友和友谊 1. 话题分析 本单元的话题是“朋友和友谊”,要求学生能用所学词汇和句型表达对友谊的看法或讲述关于友谊的故事。 2. 写作内容 介绍朋友和友谊。 3. 写作要点 ①表达自己对友谊的理解和看法; ②讲述自己的交友故事; ③针对他人的交友问题给出建议。 4. 写作思路提示 ①题材:本文是一篇记叙文; ②时态:时态为“一般现在时”; ③提示:根据提示信息介绍自己的好朋友,可适当发挥,注意行文连贯,表述完整。 5.写作步骤 第一步,审题立意:确定文体:记叙文(材料作文),以一般现在时为主 明确要点:介绍好友Lily的性格、学习、爱好、生活习惯及梦想 确定人称:第三人称(she) 注意事项:要点完整不遗漏;语法拼写正确,句式通顺。; 第二步,构思布局:总分总结构: 开头介绍朋友,中间描述学习、生活与爱好,结尾说明梦想; 第三步,要点展开: 要点一:基本性格 bright and hard-working/serious about studies/participate in class discussions 要点二:学习与爱好 be good at English and math/love reading books/in her spare time 要点三:生活习惯 lead a healthy lifestyle/exercise every morning/eat a balanced diet/play badminton 要点四:梦想愿望 become a teacher/help students learn and grow 6.通用表达 高分词汇 friendly 友好的 kind 善良的 helpful 乐于助人的 honest 诚实的 share 分享 support 支持 trust 信任 care about 关心 get along well with 与…… 相处融洽 in need 在困境中 开头句 I have a good friend, and he/she is very important to me. Friendship is one of the most beautiful things in our life. Everyone needs friends, and I am no exception. 描述朋友 My friend is outgoing and always ready to help others. He/She likes doing the same things as me. We often study and play together after school. 阐述友谊意义 A true friend can share happiness and sadness with you. A friend in need is a friend indeed. Trust and understanding make friendship stronger. 结尾句 I hope our friendship will last forever. I value my friend and our precious friendship. Friends make my life more wonderful 8. 范例作文 My Good Friend I have a good friend named Lily. She is a bright and hard-working student. In school, she is always serious about her studies and enjoys participating in class discussions. She is good at English and math, and she loves reading books in her spare time. Lily leads a healthy lifestyle. She exercises every morning and eats a balanced diet. She enjoys playing badminton with her friends after school. Lily’s dream is to become a teacher. She hopes to help more students learn and grow. 译文: 我的好朋友 我有一个名叫莉莉的好朋友。她是一个聪明又勤奋的学生。在学校里,她对待学习总是认真严谨,并且乐于参与课堂讨论。她擅长英语和数学,在课余时间喜欢读书。莉莉拥有健康的生活方式。她每天早上锻炼身体,饮食均衡。放学后她喜欢和朋友们一起打羽毛球。莉莉的梦想是成为一名教师,她希望帮助更多的学生学习与成长。 9. 实战演练 朋友是时光的馈赠,“唯以心相交,方能成其久远”。假如你是李华,你们学校要举行英语交流会,请你以“My Best Friend”为题,根据以下提示,用英语写一篇发言稿来介绍你的一位好朋友。 要求:语言通顺,意思连贯,条理清楚,书写规范,可适当发挥。60词左右。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 11 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 4 My friends(知识清单)英语新教材冀教版七年级下册
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Unit 4 My friends(知识清单)英语新教材冀教版七年级下册
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Unit 4 My friends(知识清单)英语新教材冀教版七年级下册
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