Unit 6 Earth First 阅读·久久为功-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册教师用书word（外研版）

本讲义围绕环境保护主题构建学习支架，从主题名句积累切入，通过《鲨鱼：危险动物还是濒危动物？》《哪些才是真正的环保做法？》两篇课文精读，结合对译、难句破解深化理解，衔接词汇记忆、写作范文及主题集群阅读，形成“输入-内化-输出”的完整知识脉络。 资料特色在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，课文难句分析提升语法理解与表达能力，环保误区辨析（如“纸袋优于塑料袋”讨论）引导批判性思维，主题名句与拓展阅读增强文化意识。课中辅助教师讲解重难点，课后词汇表、范文助力学生巩固复习，有效查漏补缺。

附《阅读·久久为功》小分册 一、背主题名句，写大气文章 1．Protecting the environment is every man's responsibility.—Victor Hugo 保护环境是每一个人的责任。——维克多·雨果 2．Every field of nature is wonderful.—Aristotle 大自然的每一个领域都是美妙绝伦的。——亚里士多德 3．We cannot command nature except by obeying her.—Francis Bacon 我们只有服从自然，才能驾驭自然。——弗朗西斯·培根 4．If we don't save water, the last drop of water will be our teardrop. 如果我们不节约用水，那么最后一滴水将会是我们的眼泪。 5．We'll have nowhere to live in the future unless we take action to protect the earth now. 如果我们现在不采取行动来保护地球，将来我们会无处生存。 二、课文不厌百遍读，书中自有“黄金屋” 课文1　SHARKS: DANGEROUS OR ENDANGERED? (鲨鱼：危险动物还是濒危动物？) We see a woman swimming at night in a dark sea. Suddenly, she is pulled underwater.She surfaces, cries in fear, then disappears forever. This is the opening scene from the 1975 film Jaws, showing a shark attack. It tells the story of a great white shark . Jaws was a great success, attracting huge audiences and winning many awards. It strengthened people's long-held idea of the great white shark as a dangerous animal. [课文对译] 我们看到一个女人夜晚在漆黑的海水里游泳。突然，她被什么东西拖到了水下。她挣扎着露出水面，发出惊恐的尖叫，然后就彻底消失了。这是1975年上映的电影《大白鲨》的开场画面，呈现了鲨鱼攻击人类的一幕。电影讲述了一只大白鲨袭击并杀死游泳者的故事。电影大获成功，吸引了大量观众并赢得了众多奖项。这部电影也加深了人们对大白鲨的固有印象：这是一种危险的动物。 [难句破解] 句①　that引导的定语从句，修饰a great white shark，关系代词that在从句中作主语，不可省略。 People have always been scared of sharks, but Jaws made things worse.It of sharks, especially of the great white shark.Many people who saw the film started to believe that sharks were bad animals . Some people stopped swimming in the sea, afraid of the horrible creature from the film. Other people started fishing for sharks, killing as many as they could. At that time, nobody cared if sharks were killed, or how many were killed. People just wanted them killed. [课文对译] 人类本就害怕鲨鱼，而电影《大白鲨》加深了这种恶劣印象，让人们对鲨鱼，特别是大白鲨，心生恐惧。许多看过电影的人开始相信，鲨鱼是吃人的有害动物。由于害怕遇上电影里描绘的这种可怕生物，有些人再也不去海里游泳了。而另外一些人则开始无所顾忌地捕杀鲨鱼。当时，没人在意鲨鱼是否被杀，也没人在意杀了多少。人们认为鲨鱼死有余辜。 [难句破解]　 句②　此处是“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，形容词化的过去分词frightened构成的短语作宾语补足语。 句③　that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词bad animals，that在从句中作主语。 After 1975, the number of large sharks around America fell quickly, and soon fell around the world. This was not only due to fear of sharks, but also finning. Finning is a type of fishing where The sharks are thrown back into the sea where they die slowly and painfully.The fins are used in shark fin soup. Finning kills millions of sharks a year. [课文对译] 1975年之后，在美国附近海域里，大型鲨鱼的数量迅速下降，这一趋势很快蔓延到全球。这不仅仅是因为人类对鲨鱼的恐惧，还因为采割鱼鳍。采割鱼鳍是一种渔猎活动，人们捕到鲨鱼后将鱼鳍割下，鲨鱼被扔回海中缓慢而痛苦地死去，割下的鱼鳍用来做鱼翅汤。每年有数百万的鲨鱼因此丧命。 [难句破解]　 句④　动名词finning作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。定语从句where sharks ...修饰a type of fishing。 Finning would have an unexpected effect upon Peter Benchley, the man who wrote the In 1980, sight.It was an area where fishermen were finning, and the sea floor was covered with dead sharks. Benchley saw sharks being killed and this caused a deep change in him. He came to see people as a danger to sharks, rather than the other way round. From that day on, he fought to protect sharks. He admitted that his book was wrong about sharks' behaviour. “Sharks don't target humans，” he said. Experts have proved that sharks do not see people as food, and they attack us by mistake. Only around six people are killed by sharks every year. [课文对译]　 鱼鳍采割活动对《大白鲨》电影的原著作者——彼得·本奇利产生了出乎意料的影响。1980年，本奇利在潜水的时候看到了可怕的一幕：渔民们正在这片海域采割鲨鱼的鱼鳍，海底遍布着鲨鱼的尸体。本奇利亲眼目睹鲨鱼被杀，这引起了他内心的深刻转变。他意识到人类才是鲨鱼的威胁，而鲨鱼并非人类的敌人。从那天起，他开始为保护鲨鱼而努力。他承认自己书中对鲨鱼行为的描述是不正确的。“鲨鱼并不以人类为攻击目标。”他说。专家们也已经证明鲨鱼不会将人类视为食物，它们对人类的攻击都是无意的。每年因鲨鱼攻击致死的人数在六人左右。 [难句破解] 句⑤　the man 作Peter Benchley的同位语，who引导的定语从句修饰先行词the man；the film Jaws was based on作the book的定语，省略了关系代词that/which。 句⑥　be doing ... when ...“正在做……这时……”，when用作并列连词。 Fortunately, not everyone who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharks — some became interested in understanding them. Today, as we learn more about sharks, more people than ever want to protect them from extinction. [课文对译] 幸运的是，并非每个看过《大白鲨》这部电影的人都变得害怕鲨鱼——有些人变得更有兴趣去了解它们。时至今日，随着我们对鲨鱼了解的加深，越来越多的人愿意去保护它们免遭灭绝。 课文2　What's really green？(哪些才是真正的环保做法？) Most of us are aware that we must take care of the environment, and the majority of us take steps to save energy and reduce waste and pollution. But recently, some “green truths” have been shown to be only half true, or even completely false. Here are some common ones. Which are really green? [课文对译] 我们大部分人都意识到要保护环境，也采取了各种行动节约能源，减少浪费和污染。但是近来，一些“绿色环保真相”被证实并非完全正确，甚至是无稽之谈。下面列举了一些常见的环保观念，其中哪些是正确的呢？ ？Paper shopping bags are better than plastic ones. Plastic bags cause litter and are a danger to wild animals, which mistake them for food. but much less time for paper. Because of this, people think paper bags are the better environmental choice. [课文对译] 纸质购物袋优于塑料袋？ 塑料袋会变成垃圾，被野生动物误食后会对其造成伤害。塑料需要数百年才能分解，而纸的降解时间要短得多，因此人们认为纸袋是更为环保的选择。 [难句破解] 句①　It takes some time for sb./sth. to do sth.＝Sb./Sth.takes some time to do sth.意为“做某事花费某人/某物多少时间”。 However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up The process also produces more greenhouse gases. In fact, both kinds of bags are bad for the environment. So, take a reusable bag with you when you go shopping. [课文对译] 然而，生产纸袋的耗能为塑料袋的四倍，耗水则多达三倍。其生产过程也会产生更多的温室气体。 事实上这两种袋子都不够环保，所以出门购物时请带一个能重复利用的袋子。 [难句破解] 句②　动名词短语making a paper bag作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；four times as much energy as ...是倍数的一种表示法，其结构为：倍数＋as much＋不可数名词＋as＋其他；three times the amount of water是倍数的另一种表示法，其结构为：倍数＋the＋名词＋of＋其他。 ？When you turn off a device, it stops using power. When we turn off a device, such as television, it goes into stand-by mode. Devices in this mode still use power, and older devices in stand-by mode can use even more. This happens because To make sure your remove the plug from its power supply. [课文对译] 关掉的电器不耗电？ 当我们关掉电视等电器时，它会进入待机状态。这种状态下的电器仍然耗电，而且越旧的电器耗电越多。这是因为电器即使已经被“关掉”了，却依然有电流从电器中流失。为确保电器设备彻底关闭，请从电源上拔下电器插头。 [难句破解]　 句③　because引导原因状语从句，when引导时间状语从句。 句④　不定式短语To make sure ...在句中作目的状语。 ？Eating local food is good for the environment. It seems like common sense: eating local food should be better for the environment, because it does not need to be transported long distances and kept cold during transport. Unfortunately, it is not that simple.It is the production of food, not its transport, that uses most of the energy and In some cases, local produce more energy and produced more greenhouse gases than produce grown a long way away — even taking into account its transport. [课文对译] 吃本地食物更利于环保？ 这似乎已是人们常识性的认识：吃本地产的食物更环保，因为不需要长途低温运输。然而事实并没有那么简单。相比于运输，食物的生产过程才是消耗大部分能源及产生大部分温室气体的原因。在有些情况下，即使将运输的因素考虑在内，本地的农产品也可能比距离遥远的外地种植的农产品耗能更多，产生的温室气体也更多。 [难句破解]　句⑤　本句使用了强调句型，此处强调了句子的主语 “the production of food, not its transport”。 句⑥　might have done sth. “过去可能做了某事”，表示对过去所发生事情的推测。 　　 ？It's better to take a shower than a bath. how long you spend in the shower and how large your bath is.If you spend you'll use as much water as in a bath — about 50 litres of water. Therefore, the key is . [课文对译] 淋浴比泡澡更好？ 这取决于你淋浴的时间和你的浴缸大小。如果淋浴超过八分钟，那么耗水量就和泡澡一样多——大约为五十升水。所以，节水的关键在于尽量缩短淋浴的时间。 [难句破解]　 句⑦　It depends on ...“这取决于……”。 句⑧　if引导的条件状语从句。 句⑨　不定式短语to keep your shower ...作表语。 Environmental awareness is now part of daily life. But common ideas and opinions to see what's really green. [课文对译] 环保意识已经融入了人们的日常生活，但我们仍需仔细辨别我们已经习以为常的理念和观点中哪些才是真正“绿色环保”的。 [难句破解]　句⑩　be worth doing sth.“某事值得被做”(动名词的主动形式表示被动含义)。 三、词汇记忆无诀窍，适时“回首”记得牢 1．shark n．　　　　　　　 鲨(鱼) 2．scare v. 使(某人)惊恐，吓唬 拓展 3．due to 由于，因为 同义|because of 4．fin v. 切去(鱼的)鳍 　 n. 鱼鳍 5．dive v. (通常指使用呼吸设备的)潜水 6．target v. 把……作为目标 同义|aim 7．fortunately adv. 幸运地 拓展 8．extinction n. 灭绝，绝种 拓展|extinct adj. 绝种的；灭绝的 9．attitude n. (尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的一般)看法，态度 搭配|attitude to 对待……的态度 10．devote v. 致力，献身，倾注 拓展|devotion n. 奉献，专心 搭配 11．ocean n. 海洋，大海 12．highlight v． 使……突出，使注意力集中于 13．cruelty n. 残忍，残酷，残暴 拓展|cruel adj. 残酷的 14．hunting n. 打猎，狩猎 15．presentation n. 报告，(观点的)陈述，说明 16．reserve n. (野生生物)保护区 17．staff n. 员工 18．establish v. 建立，设立 拓展|establishment n. 建立，创立 同义：build, set up 19．damage v. 破损，损害，损伤 同义|harm, ruin 20．drought n. 旱灾，干旱 21．flood n. 洪水，水灾 22．affect v. 影响 拓展|effect n. 影响；结果 23．supply n. (煤气、电力、自来水等)供应(系统) 24．restore v. 使恢复 25．adopt v. 采取(某种方法) 拓展|adapt v. 适应(新情况)；改编 26．sustainable adj. 可持续的，不破坏环境的 拓展|sustain v. 维持(生命、生存)；使保持 27．bulb n. 灯泡 28．renewable adj. (能源)可更新的，可再生的，可恢复的 29．carbon n. 碳 30．greenhouse n. 温室，暖房 31．reusable adj. 可再度使用的，可多次使用的 拓展|reuse n. 重复使用 32．brochure n. 小册子 33．reduce v. 减少，降低 搭配 34.solar adj. 利用太阳光(能)的 35．release v. 释放，排放 36．smog n. 烟雾，雾霾 37．fog n. 雾 38．severe adj. (问题、伤势、疾病等)很严重的 39．infection n. 感染，传染病 拓展|infect v. 传染，使感染 40．lecture n. (尤指大学里的)讲座，讲课，演讲 拓展|lecturer n. 讲授者，讲演者；讲师 41．permission n. 允许，许可 拓展 反义|forbid v. 禁止，不准 42．slide n. 幻灯片 43．majority n. 多数，大多数(人或物) 拓展 反义|minority n. 少数民族；少数 44．false adj. 不正确的，错误的 反义|true adj. 正确的 45．amount n. 数量，数额 搭配 46．device n. 设备，仪器，装置 47．stand-by adj. 备用的 48．mode n. (机器、设备的)运行方式，状态，模式 49．electricity n. 电 拓展 50．leak v. (使)漏，(使)渗漏 51．appliance n. 家用电器，家用器具 52．remove v. 移走，搬走，去掉 搭配|remove from 从……中移开/拿走 53．plug n. (电)插头 54．take ... into account 把……考虑进去 55．litre n. 升，公升 56．campaign n. (宣传)活动 57．urge v. 竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促 搭配|urge sb. to do sth./into doing sth. 敦促某人做某事 拓展 58．canteen n． (工厂、学校等的)食堂，餐厅 59．concerned adj. 焦急的，担忧的 搭配 拓展 60．contribute v. 促成，造成(某事发生) 61．average adj. 平均(数)的 四、范文佳作多背诵，写作增分最实用 (一)单元写作任务范文背诵 写作话题　创建绿色校园 假定你是学生会主席李华，你校将举行主题为“减少碳足迹，创建绿色校园”的活动。请你写一封倡议书刊登在校英语报上，内容如下： 1．活动目的； 2．具体措施； 3．发出倡议。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 [推荐范文] Dear fellow students， In order to raise our awareness of adopting a low-carbon lifestyle, a campaign will be held in our school. With the above aim, we are supposed to carry out the following measures. First of all, since water, electricity, and paper are precious resources, we should save them and recycle them. Besides, we'd better take our own bottles and chopsticks and not use disposable goods. What's more, we can plant more flowers and trees to beautify our campus. Let's make joint efforts to create a greener campus and make a difference to our environment. Students' Union (二)单元主题优美语段背诵 语段1　人与动物和谐相处 I was just about to leave when the hummingbird appeared. I was overjoyed to see her. Hovering, she approached my face, looking into my eyes. I cupped my hands to her, and she immediately came to stand on them, turning her head from side to side. When I stroked her feathers gently, she was docile like a sensible child. Moments later, she let out a squeaking call, spread her wings, and flew into the sky. This beautiful picture stayed in my memory forever. 我正要离开，这时蜂鸟出现了。看到它我高兴极了。它盘旋着靠近我的脸，看着我的眼睛。我向它伸出双手，它很快停到我的手上，脑袋左右转动着。当我轻轻地抚摸它的羽毛时，它像一个懂事的孩子一样温顺。过了一会儿，它发出一声鸣叫，展开翅膀，飞向天空。这幅美丽的画面永远留在了我的记忆中。 语段2　森林的重要性 It's generally accepted that forest has the functions of cooling off global temperature, refreshing the air, preserving soil and water, protecting the nature links and so on. The forest is also the key to solving the severe environmental problems.We should do something to protect the forest. First, stop cutting down the forest blindly. If we really have to, plant more trees. Second, the government should do something to enhance people's awareness of forest protection. Last but not least, we can reduce the use of paper. 人们普遍认为，森林具有降低全球气温、清新空气、保护土壤和水源、保护自然联系等功能。森林也是解决严重环境问题的关键。我们应该做些什么来保护森林。首先，停止盲目砍伐森林。如果我们真正需要砍伐的话，那就多种树。第二，政府应该做一些事情来提高人们的森林保护意识。最后但同样重要的是，我们可以减少纸张的使用。 五、主题集群阅读，拓展主题认知 时尚悦读(一)　气候变化需要全世界的关注 We have known about climate change for decades.There is little doubt that Earth is getting A warming ocean and atmosphere along with melting ice and rising sea levels provide evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate. Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature? Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”， which has two common meanings: the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect.The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth's surface as short-wave radiation.The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths.Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methane and carbon dioxide, trap some of the heat, keeping Earth's climate warm and habitable.Without this process, Earth could not sustain life.However, the “man-made” greenhouse effect has now become a big problem. When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth's surface temperature to rise quickly. There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions, this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay.In fact, news economic losses. [难句破解]　 句①　“There is little doubt that ...”是固定句式，表示“毫无疑问……”，that 在此引导同位语从句。 句②　本句中“that the rise ...human lives”为that引导的同位语从句，解释说明strong and comprehensive evidence的内容。“not only causing ...human lives”为not only ...but also连接的两个现在分词短语作结果状语。 句③　causing deaths and economic losses为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰extreme rainstorms and heatwaves。 [助读译文] 我们了解气候变化已有数十年之久了。毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越暖。海洋和大气变暖，以及冰层融化、海平面上升，都可作为全球气候急剧变化的证据。 那么，到底是什么导致全球平均地表温度上升呢？气候学家常常会提到一个关键的气候过程——“温室效应”；它有两层常见的含义：“天然”温室效应和“人造”温室效应。“天然”温室效应指的是来自太阳的热量以短波辐射的形式进入大气层，使地表变暖。这一热量以更长的波长被释放回太空。大气层中的甲烷、二氧化碳等温室气体困住了部分热量，从而使地球保持气候温暖、适宜居住。如果没有这一过程，地球就无法维系生命。然而，“人造”温室效应现在却成为一个大问题。当人类由于燃烧化石燃料产生大量额外的温室气体时，更多的热能被困在大气层中，从而导致地表温度迅速上升。 确凿、全面的证据表明，温度上升导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增多，不仅造成严重破坏，而且使人丧命。气候学家已发出警告：如果我们不采取适当的行动，这种变暖的趋势可能会持续下去，而我们将为此付出更大的代价。事实上，有关极端暴风雨和热浪造成死亡和经济损失的新闻报道已屡见不鲜。 时尚悦读(二)　经济发展与环境保护 HOST：Good evening and welcome to News that Matters. Our topic today is pollution in Norgate. Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith, a local resident; Vincent Brown, senior Committee.Welcome. 　Norgate's rapid development has had significant environmental costs. Mr Smith, you've lived in this city for over 20 years. How would you describe the effects of pollution over that time? SMITH：It's been awful, really. When I first moved here, the air was fresh, the grass green and the water clear. Then heavy industry factories moved in, and things became entirely different.The river is dirty and smelly. The smog in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey; it's also given me a cough that I can't get rid of. HOST：Mr Smith protested against heavy industry. Mr Brown, would you like to respond? BROWN: Well, I'm sorry you feel that way, Mr Smith. However, I'd like to point out that we've been taking various measures, including the use of new technologies, to reduce pollution in I'd also like to draw your attention to the fact that we've created many jobs for local residents and helped the city's economy grow. HOST：Thank you, Mr Brown. Mrs Archer, what are your thoughts on how to deal with pollution? ARCHER：We have to achieve a balance between environmental protection and economic development. We've made environmental policies for businesses to observe, like strict clean-up requirements. However, fighting pollution isn't just a task for factories and the government.It has to be a community-wide effort. HOST：Thank you, Mrs Archer, and thanks again to all of our guests. A former UN official once said, “Saving our planet, lifting people out of poverty, advancing economic growth ... these are one and the same fight.” The fortunes of our environment and our economy are inseparable.It's [难句破解] 句①　该句主语较长，为使句子平衡，使用了倒装语序。 句②　that引导宾语从句，作point out的宾语；动词不定式短语to reduce pollution ...作目的状语；even though引导让步状语从句。 句③　本句中，it 作形式主语，不定式短语to protect the environment作真正的主语，while we aim ...为while引导的时间状语从句。 [助读译文] 主持人：晚上好，欢迎收看《焦点新闻》。我们今天的话题是诺盖特市的污染问题。今晚来到我们演播室的有本地居民詹姆斯·史密斯，本地一家工厂的高管文森特·布朗以及诺盖特环境保护委员会的负责人朱莉·阿彻。欢迎你们。 诺盖特市的高速发展付出了高昂的环境代价。史密斯先生，您已经在这座城市生活了二十多年。您能说说这二十多年间污染造成的影响吗？ 史密斯：非常糟糕，真的。我刚搬来时，这里空气清新，草绿水清。后来重工业工厂迁来了，情况就变得截然不同了。河水又脏又臭。空气中的烟雾把天空都染成了烟灰色，还让我患上了咳嗽，久治不愈。 主持人：史密斯先生反对重工业。布朗先生，您想做出回应吗？ 布　朗：好吧，对于您那样的感受我很抱歉，史密斯先生。不过，我想指出，我们一直在采取各种各样的措施，包括新科技手段的运用，来减少生产过程中产生的污染，尽管这些措施会增加我们的生产成本。我还希望您能注意到，我们为当地居民创造了许多就业岗位，并对这座城市的经济增长起到了助推作用。 主持人：谢谢您，布朗先生。阿彻女士，您对如何处理污染问题有何见解？ 阿　彻：我们必须在环境保护与经济发展之间求得平衡。我们已经制订了供各行业遵守的环境政策，比如严格的净化要求。然而，与污染作斗争不仅仅是工厂与政府的任务，而是应该全社会通力合作。 主持人：谢谢您，阿彻女士，再次感谢我们所有的嘉宾。一位联合国前官员曾经说过：“拯救我们的地球，让人们摆脱贫困，实现经济增长……这是同一场战斗。”我们的环境与经济的命运休戚与共。在追求经济发展的同时保护环境，这是我们的责任。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $