期中复习之阅读理解12篇（Units1-4单元话题）-2025-2026学年高一英语译林版必修第三册

期中复习之阅读理解12篇 （Units1-4单元话题） 单元 单元话题 Unit 1 Nature in the Balance 人与自然 Unit 2 Natural Disasters 自然灾害 Unit 3 The world Online 网络与科技 Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World 著名人物 本资料共12篇专题训练，从上到下每单元依次对应3篇单元话题专题训练 Passage 1 As evening falls over the Summer Palace, the sky fills with sharp calls and fast-moving shapes of Beijing Swifts (北京雨燕). These birds have been part of the city’s spirit for centuries, for their return means summer is here. But this familiar sight has begun to fade, with their numbers dropping sharply. Into this story stepped Terry Townshend, a British naturalist who had made Beijing his home. He discovered that the city lies along a major flyway for migratory birds. For Terry, the swift, a bird that only touches down to nest, became a window into this hidden side of the capital. The biggest question remained: Where did these birds, born beneath Beijing’s roofs, go for half the year? In 2014, Terry led an international team. Working with researchers from China, Sweden, and the UK, they began at the Summer Palace. They gently caught 31 swifts and placed geolocators on them. It was an act of trust: setting them free, hoping they would return. One year later, that trust paid off. The returning birds revealed an astonishing journey: 30,000 kilometers from Beijing, over Central Asian deserts, across Arabia, and down Africa’s coast to wintering grounds in Namibia and South Africa. The discovery was more than a scientific breakthrough; it was a story. By mapping their flight path, Terry helped people see these birds no longer as unknown dots in the sky, but as living beings whose lives span (横跨) continents. Modern science finally unlocked the secrets of the Beijing swift’s extreme airborne lifestyle and transcontinental migration — mysteries that had eluded observers for centuries. With the migration route known, targeted conservation could begin. Terry’s map did what words alone could not. It turned unseen miles into a journey the world could finally see. That story starts by just watching the sky, waiting for a swift to bring its secrets home. 1．What has made Beijing Swifts part of the city’s spirit for centuries? A．Their mysterious winter disappearance. B．Their sharp calls and fast-moving shapes. C．Their arrival marking the start of summer. D．Their habit of nesting only on ancient roofs. 2．What did Terry and his team do at the Summer Palace in 2014? A．They mapped the flight path of the swifts. B．They studied swifts’ habitats and behavior. C．They observed swifts returning to Beijing in spring. D．They fitted swifts with devices to track their travel. 3．What does the underlined word “eluded” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Puzzled. B．Touched. C．Motivated. D．Interrupted. 4．What can be learned from Terry Townshend’s work? A．Nature will have its course. B．The early bird catches the worm. C．Rome was not built in a day. D．A picture is worth a thousand words. Passage 2 Owning a pet could protect against the mental decline that can lead to dementia (痴呆) in older folks living alone, a study of nearly 8,000 people has found. The findings of the UK study add to existing evidence from the US that having a pet can help buffer against the effects of brain aging in adults aged over 65 years old and living alone. Loneliness and dementia are two growing global problems. It’s estimated that the number of people with dementia worldwide will increase to somewhere between 130 and 175 million in 2050. Loneliness is also on the rise, and linked to a greater risk of developing dementia in older age. However, people can be socially isolated without feeling lonely, and even a lack of social interaction is known to change the structure of the brain while impacting health and well-being in other ways. For older folks who might not be able to venture outside their home, owning a pet can give them companionship, which may keep them more physically active, talkative, or connected to their neighbors than people living alone without any pets. To investigate, Yanzhi Li, a public health researcher at Sun Yat-sen University in China and colleagues analyzed data on 7,945 people from the English Longitudinal (纵向的) Study of Ageing (ELSA), an ongoing study of UK residents over 50 years old. Information on pet ownership was first collected in the fifth wave of the study, between June 2010 and July 2011, and the researchers tracked people’s cognitive function scores through to July 2019, the ninth and most recently completed phase of the study. Compared to those living entirely on their own, people living with their pets had slower rates of cognitive decline in three key areas: verbal cognition, verbal memory, and verbal fluency. Pets didn’t make a difference for older individuals living with other people. The study participants were mostly white, so more research involving people of other ethnicities is needed to see if those groups get the same benefit from owning a pet. 1．How does paragraph 1 set the topic? A．By stating a key link. B．By citing US work. C．By listing risk figures. D．By describing pet training. 2．Which design best describes paragraph 4? A．A short field test. B．A random lab trial. C．A brief cross-section. D．A long follow-up study. 3．What did pets most significantly impact? A．Musical ability. B．Mathematical skills. C．Spatial awareness. D．Verbal cognitive functions. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Pets and aging minds B．Animals and daily care C．Dementia cures and costs D．Loneliness and social media Passage 3 On a quiet street in Bangkok, a shop owner watches water rise through her floor for the third time this year. She simply moves her goods to the second floor and waits. Four blocks away, a newly built park is doing something strange — it’s designed to flood. This is not failure. This is adaptation. For more than a century, cities treated water as the enemy to be defeated. Engineers built higher walls, stronger pumps (泵) and deeper channels. The enemy metaphor ran deep: We “fight” floods, “battle” rising seas and storm surges. And for a while, it worked, or seemed to. Then came the storms that broke the walls. Hurricane Sandy flooded 51 square kilometers of New York City in 2012. In 2021, floods in Germany killed more than 180 people despite advanced warning systems. The concrete defenses, perfected over generations, were failing in plain sight. What these events exposed was not a problem in engineering, but a problem in thinking. You cannot defeat water; you can only delay it. And delay is not a strategy. Not with a bang, but with a rethink. In Copenhagen, after a 2011 flood caused nearly a billion dollars in damage, city planners didn’t just rebuild — they redesigned. A new park called Tasinge Plads now serves as a public square when dry and a retention pond (蓄水池) when rains come. Children play on equipment that doubles as water storage. The enemy has become a neighbor. The most telling change may be happening in the Netherlands, a country that literally built itself on the idea of defeating water. However, the Room for the River program, begun in 2007, has done something unconventional: it moved dikes (堤坝) back, lowered floodplains, and gave rivers room to breathe. When water rises now, it flows where it’s meant to go. Back in Bangkok, the shop owner knows something that city engineers are only beginning to learn. Water doesn’t need to be fought. It needs to be expected. The old question was: How high can we build the wall? The new question is: What can we build that water can live with? 1．How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A．By describing a scene. B．By presenting a comparison. C．By citing a shop owner. D．By explaining a phenomenon. 2．What does the author try to illustrate in paragraph 4? A．The inconvenience of concrete defenses. B．The severity of natural disasters worldwide. C．The shortage of advanced warning systems. D．The ineffectiveness of old flood control ways. 3．What is Netherlands’ water management like according to the text? A．Cautious and flexible. B．Economical and reliable. C．Innovative and reasonable. D．Efficient and systematic. 4．What do the two questions at the end of the text mainly show? A．The necessity of construction. B．The importance of engineering. C．The transformation in concepts. D．The trouble in solving problems. Passage 4 Are flash floods becoming more serious? According to the Environment Agency, around 5.2 million properties in England alone are at risk of flooding. Climate change is bringing more unpredictable weather patterns, such as wetter weather and rising sea level. Therefore, protecting yourselves from flooding has never been more important. Here are some things you can do. First, stay informed. Download the weather app and allow notices. The app will provide you with real-time weather warnings allowing you to take appropriate measures. Extreme weather events are an unstoppable force — sometimes leaving the area will be your only safe option. Second, know the level of risk by looking at flood maps. You may be required to have flood insurance if you live in a high-risk area. Third, create an emergency plan. Make sure you always keep emergency supplies to last several days, including a first aid kit. Having a way of recharging your mobile phone is worth considering too. But be particularly careful when travelling by car. Don’t drive through flooded streets — it’s difficult to judge the water depth, and roadways hidden below the water can collapse. If floodwaters cause your vehicle to lose control, give it up and seek the higher ground. Rapidly rising water can sweep the vehicle away. Plan for the worst; hope for the best. The Met Office predicted that extreme rainfall events could be four times as frequent by the 2070s compared to the 1980s. In the face of increasing climate-related challenges, adopting a proactive approach to flood protection seems increasingly advisable. 1．Why does the author ask the question in Paragraph 1? A．To confirm an idea. B．To introduce a topic. C．To conclude the text. D．To express some doubts. 2．What are the drivers especially advised to do when travelling? A．Avoid driving through the flooded streets. B．Get rid of necessary supplies if necessary. C．Purchase flood insurance in advance. D．Keep the weather app updated over time. 3．What kind of writing skill does the author use in the last paragraph? A．Analyzing causes. B．Quoting sayings. C．Describing processes. D．Making comparisons. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．What is a flash flood? B．Do flash floods need controlling? C．Are flash floods becoming more serious? D．How do we protect ourselves from flash floods? Passage 5 For generations, the people of Havenbrook thrived in peace, embraced by the beauty of the ocean and the quiet security of their coastal home. However, one fateful day, their peaceful life was turned upside down by a destructive natural disaster. The morning started like any other. The sun rose, casting its golden rays over the town. People woke up, prepared for their daily routine, and went about their business. Little did they know that a storm was brewing far out on the ocean. As the day progressed, the sky began to darken, and the wind started to pick up. By afternoon, Havenbrook was in the control of a powerful hurricane. The hurricane’s fierce winds tore through the town, cutting roofs into pieces and overturning trees. The ocean, whipped into a frenzy by the storm, washed in huge waves into the town, flooding streets and homes. Residents (居民), caught unprepared, hurried to find shelter. Many were trapped in their homes, waiting in terror as the water rose higher and higher. It seemed as if the world were at an end. The town’s emergency services worked tirelessly to rescue those in danger. They used boats to navigate through the flooded streets and transported people to safety. However, the storm was so powerful that even their efforts were limited. Many homes were completely destroyed, and lives were lost. The once-thriving town was now a scene of ruin and despair (绝望). After the hurricane, Havenbrook’s residents began the arduous task of rebuilding their life. They worked together, pooling their resources and skills, to rebuild their homes and community. Support from outside the town poured in, with volunteers and donations helping to speed up the recovery process. Slowly but surely, Havenbrook began to rise from the ruins. 1．What can be learned from the first two paragraphs? A．The residents sensed the upcoming storm. B．The residents often suffered natural disasters. C．The residents were not prepared for daily life. D．The residents enjoyed a peaceful life before the disaster. 2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The residents began rescue work. B．The hurricane arrived with no warning. C．The residents left their homes hopefully. D．The hurricane caused severe damage and widespread fear. 3．What specific actions did the town’s emergency services take during the disaster? A．They shipped people to safety. B．They rescued the mothers first by boat. C．They delayed any action until the storm ended. D．They failed to reach the affected areas due to the storm. 4．What is the probable meaning of the underlined word “arduous” in the last paragraph? A．Challenging. B．Cheerful. C．Effortless. D．Disappointing. Passage 6 A quiet AI revolution is unfolding in China’s countryside. In provinces like Jilin, Yunnan and Hubei, farmers are turning to AI to save their crops from flooding and disease. China is showing the world a different roadmap of AI’s path forward. Free AI services in China fuel mass adoption. DeepSeek’s integration into WeChat caused a traffic surge, absorbed by Tencent’s Yuanbao, whose DAU (Daily Active Users) jumped 20 times in two months. AI now rapidly integrates into daily life, reaching vast rural populations at scale. By making AI tools free and accessible through platforms like WeChat, China has opened the floodgates to grassroots adoption. Chinese companies have prioritized scale. And that scale is surprising: Nearly 300 million farmers, representing 20% of the national population, are potential AI users. In one Hubei village, weeks of heavy rain threatened to destroy rice fields. Consequently, farmers turned to Yuanbao. The chatbot recommended building embankments and switching to high-ridge planting — the advice arrives instantly, tailored to specific problems and images uploaded by farmers with little formal education. AI is inserted into everyday life in China. For Chinese farmers, the benefits are real and immediate. For many, AI is no longer a futuristic idea but a daily tool. While China’s rural AI surge is impressive, it faces challenges of its own. AI researchers found that most farmers didn’t know how to pose useful questions to AI chatbots unless prompted by local officials. Educational gaps remain a barrier: Even when farmers receive answers, they might not understand the technical terms involved. Without a closed loop of comprehension and action, the benefits of AI can’t be fully realized. Researchers also stress that making AI useful for the farmers as well as elders will require more than a stylish UX and bigger models. It urgently demands simplified responses, voice interfaces and solutions tailored to real-world conditions. 1．What resulted from DeepSeek’s integration into WeChat? A．Free AI services in China became available. B．Tencent’s Yuanbao saw a rapid increase in users. C．Farmers in Hubei doubled their rice production. D．The number of WeChat users dropped significantly. 2．What do the underlined words “opened the floodgates to” mean in paragraph 3? A．Blocked the way of. B．Tested the limits of. C．Increased the cost of. D．Allowed widespread entry of. 3．What will the researchers most probably do next? A．Develop larger AI models. B．Expand AI access to more cities. C．Provide simplified practical instructions. D．Teach farmers to understand technical terms. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．AI companies profit greatly from rural users. B．AI has solved all farming problems in China. C．Farmers prefer traditional methods to AI technology. D．China’s rural AI holds promise but faces challenges. Passage 7 Deep within your brain lies the nucleus accumbens (伏隔核), a key part of the reward system (奖励系统) that release dopamine (多巴胺) to encourage behavior. Companies are now spending huge amounts of money to take control of this system with “digital dopamine (数字多巴胺)” — delivered through hard-to-resist apps like social media and online gambling. This creates a divide in society: an immediate-satisfaction online world where money is made but little meaning is found, and a shrinking real-life space where true meaning is built. The situation is likely to get worse with the Al development, which will make consumer technology even more obsessive. We can see the warning in the difficult situation of teenagers, particularly young men, whose developing brains make them easily influenced. Society is directing them toward digital rewards that require no real-life effort, harming their development in both work and relationships. We must take action in two areas. Online, we should treat these apps as the dangers they are. The Consumer Product Safety Commission could require child-safe designs and warning labels. App developers must be told to share unnamed user information with scientists to study the effects of their products, making addictive computer programs open rather than company secrets. In real life, we must make the physical world more satisfying. We need to develop an economy that builds things up like Legos, rather than just takes like Monopoly, by creating jobs with meaning and purpose. This includes putting money into “hard tech” that solves real-world problems and setting up 1,000 new vocational schools to attract the next generation, particularly young men, to build and create in the real world. Finally, we must demand that our public values and technology support standards of personal and national improvement, rather than undermining them for profit. 1．What are companies trying to control by spending large amounts of money? A．The development of new technology. B．The brain’s reward system. C．Social media platforms. D．Teenagers’ online behavior. 2．What does the underlined word “obsessive” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Awful B．informative. C．addictive. D．diverse. 3．How does the author mainly describe the solution to digital addict? A．By showing scientific analyses. B．By presenting a concept. C．By explaining a theory. D．By giving examples. 4．Which would be the best title for this passage? A．Digital Divide: The Corporate Takeover of Our Reward System B．Controlling the Reward System: The Dangers of Social Media and Gambling C．The Brain’s Reward System: From Nucleus Accumbens to a Divided Society D．Digital Dopamine: A Two-Sided Solution for Reclaiming Our Lives Passage 8 The teacher starts with the basics: how to thread a needle (穿针引线). Then, over the course of the next 30 minutes, she shows the students a few different stitches (缝法), along with how to mend a torn shirt. This is not a lesson at some outdated finishing school. The class is part of a free, one-day course at Austin Community College (ACC) called “Adulting 101”. The students range in age from their late teens to mid-40s. ACC has been running such programmes for six-years. The workshops are designed to help people live as adults successfully, even those who have been adults for quite some time. The topics range from how to dress appropriately for a job interview to how to file income taxes. Raffi Grinberg, an author, created and taught “Adulting 101” at Boston College. The inspiration for his class came from his first day working at Bain & Company, a management consultancy, soon after he left university. He and other newcomers had to decide which health insurance plan to choose, how much of his income to devote to saving for retirement and other financial details. “Every one of us called our parents,” he admits, “We were graduates of really good schools, and we still didn’t know what to do.” Why are such courses needed? To many, these skills will sound like basic common sense. Yet, as the saying goes, common sense is not so common. The rise in the need for adulting classes reflects, in part, the changing nature of childhood and adolescence (青少年时期), which have grown more digital and less physical. American teenagers spend up to nine hours each day on screens. Social media do offer handy lessons on all manner of household chores. But most young users of these platforms are more interested in dancing than dishwashers. Many will see adulting classes as evidence that young people are not fully developed. But coddled (被溺爱的) children do not admit the gaps in their knowledge and try to fill them. Only a grown-up would willingly spend precious free time doing something as boring as learning how to mend a shirt. 1．How does the text start? A．By putting forward a question. B．By introducing a teaching plan. C．By presenting a classroom scene. D．By explaining a challenging concept. 2．What inspired Raffi Grinberg to develop the “Adulting 101” course? A．His early challenges in the workplace. B．His strong interest in academic teaching. C．His ambition to become a published author. D．His parents’ guidance on financial matters. 3．What partly leads to the increasing demand for adulting classes? A．Schools ignoring basic life skills education. B．Social media lacking practical chore lessons. C．Parents being overly involved in their kids’ lives. D．Screen time crowding out practical skill learning. 4．What does the author imply about young people who attend adulting classes? A．They are self-aware. B．They are pressure-driven. C．They are rich in free time. D．They are narrow in knowledge. Passage 9 In 2013, at 79, Jane Goodall helped return a chimpanzee(黑猩猩) named Wounda to the wild. As Wounda stepped nervously out of her cage, she suddenly leapt into Goodall’s arms, hugging and kissing her — a moment of pure grace that Goodall would carry forever. It felt like a thank you from all chimpanzees. For decades, Goodall had lived among chimpanzees in Gombe. She had watched them swing and feast in the trees, delighted when they no longer ran away from her, and cherished the day when David, a gray-bearded chimpanzee, gently reached out to hold her hand. But what amazed Goodall most was when she saw David prepare a grass stem to fish — he was making tools. That single observation erased the line between humans and animals, shaking anthropology to its core. She had no scientific training. Drawn to Africa since childhood by Tarzan’s tales, she arrived in 1957 and, urged by Louis Leakey, immersed herself in the wild. Over 25 years, her careful records made her the world’s foremost authority on chimpanzees. Her naming of them unsettled some of the scientists who preferred cold numbers. But Goodall could not reduce them to digits. They were individuals — Goliath, the fallen king; William, scarred and gentle, whom she nursed through fever; Figan, bright and brave. She noted every gesture, every call, every curious look directed at her, a pale stranger oddly blessed with endless bananas. In 1990, she returned, only to find that Gombe’s borders were ruined — trees felled, earth barren, villagers desperate. Humans, gifted with language and foresight, should have been nature’s guardians. They were not. In 2002, she became a UN Messenger of Peace, though she preferred “messenger of hope”. From her youth, she had sensed a purpose. In Gombe, she found it. Among the shouts and screams, she would stop to watch sunlight pass through the treetops — moments that carried her beyond time, into life’s deep mystery. Hopeful and fearless, she knew her next great adventure awaited: dying. 1．What does Wounda’s hug of Goodall indicate? A．It was a carefully trained behavior. B．It was not their very first encounter. C．It represented gratitude from the chimpanzee. D．It marked the start of Goodall’s conservation work. 2．What is a discovery of Goodall? A．Chimpanzees can make and use tools. B．Chimpanzees are more active than expected. C．Chimpanzees master various hunting techniques. D．Chimpanzees naturally prefer to stay with humans. 3．What do the three chimpanzees mentioned in paragraph 3 suggest? A．Chimpanzees share similarities with humans. B．Goodall had genuine affection and respect for them. C．Goodall faced many challenges in her research work. D．Naming chimpanzees contributes to scientific research. 4．Which words can best describe Goodall? A．Hopeful and cooperative. B．Professional and humble. C．Sensitive and conventional. D．Determined and courageous. Passage 10 Christopher C． Grinter has spent much of his life surrounded by insects, though not in the way most people imagine. His work helps support the California All-Taxa Biodiversity Inventory (CalATBI), an effort to document every species in the state before they disappear. Grinter’s fascination began far from California. Growing up in suburban Chicago, he watched butterflies dance through his backyard and wanted to know their names. “It all started with butterflies,” he says. His parents took him to a members’ night at the Field Museum, where he saw an insect collection for the first time. “I had my mind blown.” He began volunteering there, labeling and databasing specimens (标本), and eventually started his career in the field. When CalATBI started, Grinter’s team collected hundreds of thousands of insects, covering tens of thousands of miles. Their fieldwork was unlike anything seen in a generation. It produced scientific treasure and also the occasional misadventure — like the time their vehicle sank into Mojave Desert sand. They waited for rescue in 100-degree heat, but, as he recalls, “couldn’t stop the sampling.” Today, genetic sequencing (排序) is routine. “DNA barcoding as a technique isn’t on the cutting edge anymore, and in the best way — it has become routine,” Grinter says. His team integrates genomic (基因组的) analysis into specimen digitization, creating a DNA reference library for insects. Still, Grinter insists that data alone is not enough. “The next key step is to collect and keep specimens in a proper way, which makes scientific research possible.” Museums, he says, are like “storehouses of life” — they keep scientific evidence safe over time and ensure that experiments can be repeated and confirmed. What gives him hope are the people joining the effort. “Modern science doesn’t happen alone in basements,” he says. “It’s teams of people working and supporting each other.” For Grinter, that collaboration, and the interest that drives it, may be as vital to biodiversity as the species themselves. 1．Why is the author’s childhood experience mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To explain his career roots. B．To stress his family background. C．To show his early interest. D．To highlight the uniqueness of insects. 2．What did Grinter’s team do when CalATBI started? A．They visited special insect libraries. B．They sought broad recognition. C．They conducted extensive fieldwork. D．They learnt from contemporary scientists. 3．What is the main idea of paragraph 5? A．The cultural function of museums. B．The importance of storing specimens. C．Specimens’ safety problems. D．Research’s reliance on museums. 4．Which of the following is true of Grinter’s story? A．Practice makes perfect. B．A friend in need in a friend indeed. C．Every dog has its day. D．Curiosity is the mother of success. Passage 11 Four Medical Scientists Who Changed the World Alexander Fleming(1881-1955) Scottish scientist Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928. After returning from vacation, he noticed that mold in a petri dish had killed bacteria. This accidental discovery led to the development of antibiotics(抗生素), which have saved millions of lives since then. During World War II, penicillin was widely used to treat wounded soldiers and became known as a “wonder drug”. Fleming received the Nobel Prize in 1945 for his important work. Louis Pasteur(1822-1895) This French chemist proved that germs cause disease, changing our understanding of illness. He developed vaccines for rabies and anthrax, helping to prevent deadly infections. His pasteurization process, which kills harmful bacteria in milk and wine by heating them, is still used worldwide today. Pasteur’s germ theory laid the foundation for modern microbiology and changed how doctors treat patients. John Snow(1813-1858) English doctor Snow helped stop a deadly cholera outbreak in London in 1854. By carefully mapping cases on a street map, he proved that polluted water from a public pump spread the disease, not the popular belief of “bad air”. His work founded modern epidemiology(流行病学) —  the study of how diseases spread — and led to major improvements in public health systems. Tu Youyou(1930 present) Inspired by traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese scientist Tu Youyou discovered artemisinin in the 1970s. After testing over 2,000 traditional recipes, she finally found a treatment for malaria(疟疾) in sweet wormwood. This drug has saved millions of lives in developing countries, especially in Africa. In 2015, she became the first Chinese scientist to win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, bringing traditional medicine into modern science. 1．What do Alexander Fleming and Tu Youyou have in common? A．Both discovered antibiotics by accident. B．Both worked mainly during World War II. C．Both won the Nobel Prize for their work. D．Both studied traditional Chinese medicine. 2．What can be inferred from the text? A．Tu Youyou’s research was inspired by Louis Pasteur’s work. B．John Snow’s method helped establish a new field of medical study. C．Louis Pasteur’s theory mainly influenced the treatment of malaria. D．Alexander Fleming’s discovery was based on years of planned experiments. 3．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To compare traditional and modern medical approaches. B．To prove that accidents are important in medical research. C．To explain how Nobel Prize winners made their discoveries. D．To show how scientific contributions have improved global health. Passage 12 If you take a walk through a Pittsburgh city park, you might come across a group of goats (山羊) eating poison ivy, one type of plants harmful to the ecosystem (生态系统). It is part of an experiment (实验). By eating a lot of plants, goats greatly cut down the plants that need to be treated with herbicides (除草剂). Herbicides are traditionally used to clear out unwanted plants. There is glyphosate in many herbicides, which is reported to lead to cancer — a serious illness. Herbicides can remain in the soil and on plants, and during rain, they are washed into streams and rivers, further polluting the ecosystem. There’s a need for goats all across the U.S., including California and New Mexico, where they help in wildfire prevention. Goats are sure-footed, and they enjoy climbing up and getting to the plants that are difficult for humans to clear away. They prefer woody plants, soft shoots and bushes (灌木丛) compared with other plant-eaters, such as cows, who are happy with grasses and low-lying plants. This makes goats perfect for clearing areas of high-growing woody plants that strengthen wildfires. However, there are challenges in using goats. Their hairs are thin, which means they couldn’t work outside in cold winter. Goats can break seeds (种子) of harmful plants down in their stomachs, so they don’t spread the plants they’re eating, but this also makes them easy to suffer from stomach illnesses. But when you think about the bigger picture, these problems are just small. One good thing that came from Pittsburgh’s goat experiment was the public interest it received. After the experiment finished, many other cities wanted to know how they could start a similar project. People, it turns out, also like goats. Park visitors love seeing the goats at work. Their presence brings a lot of joy and adds to the park experience! 1．Why are goats used in some city parks in the U.S.? A．To study their eating habits. B．To cut down the costs on herbicides. C．To attract more tourists to the parks. D．To deal with harmful plants in a natural way. 2．What can we infer about goats from paragraph 3? A．They are no better at climbing than cows. B．They prefer low-lying plants to woody bushes. C．They help prevent wildfires by eating specific plants. D．They are mainly raised in California and New Mexico. 3．What is the public’s attitude towards the goat project? A．Positive. B．Worried. C．Uncaring. D．Unclear. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A．The Disadvantages of Using Herbicides in Parks B．How Goats Help Protect the Ecosystem in the U.S. C．Different Ways to Prevent Wildfires Across the U.S. D．How Pittsburgh’s Park Experiment Was Carried Out 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 期中复习之阅读理解12篇 （Units1-4单元话题） 单元 单元话题 Unit 1 Nature in the Balance 人与自然 Unit 2 Natural Disasters 自然灾害 Unit 3 The world Online 网络与科技 Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World 著名人物 本资料共12篇专题训练，从上到下每单元依次对应3篇单元话题专题训练 Passage 1 As evening falls over the Summer Palace, the sky fills with sharp calls and fast-moving shapes of Beijing Swifts (北京雨燕). These birds have been part of the city’s spirit for centuries, for their return means summer is here. But this familiar sight has begun to fade, with their numbers dropping sharply. Into this story stepped Terry Townshend, a British naturalist who had made Beijing his home. He discovered that the city lies along a major flyway for migratory birds. For Terry, the swift, a bird that only touches down to nest, became a window into this hidden side of the capital. The biggest question remained: Where did these birds, born beneath Beijing’s roofs, go for half the year? In 2014, Terry led an international team. Working with researchers from China, Sweden, and the UK, they began at the Summer Palace. They gently caught 31 swifts and placed geolocators on them. It was an act of trust: setting them free, hoping they would return. One year later, that trust paid off. The returning birds revealed an astonishing journey: 30,000 kilometers from Beijing, over Central Asian deserts, across Arabia, and down Africa’s coast to wintering grounds in Namibia and South Africa. The discovery was more than a scientific breakthrough; it was a story. By mapping their flight path, Terry helped people see these birds no longer as unknown dots in the sky, but as living beings whose lives span (横跨) continents. Modern science finally unlocked the secrets of the Beijing swift’s extreme airborne lifestyle and transcontinental migration — mysteries that had eluded observers for centuries. With the migration route known, targeted conservation could begin. Terry’s map did what words alone could not. It turned unseen miles into a journey the world could finally see. That story starts by just watching the sky, waiting for a swift to bring its secrets home. 1．What has made Beijing Swifts part of the city’s spirit for centuries? A．Their mysterious winter disappearance. B．Their sharp calls and fast-moving shapes. C．Their arrival marking the start of summer. D．Their habit of nesting only on ancient roofs. 2．What did Terry and his team do at the Summer Palace in 2014? A．They mapped the flight path of the swifts. B．They studied swifts’ habitats and behavior. C．They observed swifts returning to Beijing in spring. D．They fitted swifts with devices to track their travel. 3．What does the underlined word “eluded” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Puzzled. B．Touched. C．Motivated. D．Interrupted. 4．What can be learned from Terry Townshend’s work? A．Nature will have its course. B．The early bird catches the worm. C．Rome was not built in a day. D．A picture is worth a thousand words. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了英国博物学家特里·汤森德通过追踪北京雨燕的迁徙路线，揭示了它们跨越洲际的非凡旅程，并推动了相关保护工作。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“These birds have been part of the city’s spirit for centuries, for their return means summer is here.(几个世纪以来，这些鸟一直是这座城市精神的一部分，因为它们的归来意味着夏天来了。)”可知，北京雨燕几个世纪以来一直是这座城市精神的一部分，因为它们的到来标志着夏天的开始。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In 2014, Terry led an international team. Working with researchers from China, Sweden, and the UK, they began at the Summer Palace. They gently caught 31 swifts and placed geolocators on them.(2014年，特里带领一个国际团队。他们与中国、瑞典和英国的研究人员一起，从颐和园开始。他们轻轻地抓住31只雨燕，并在它们身上放置了地理定位器。)”可知，2014年，特里和他的团队在颐和园给雨燕安装了追踪设备。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Modern science finally unlocked the secrets of the Beijing swift’s extreme airborne lifestyle and transcontinental migration — mysteries that had eluded observers for centuries.(现代科学终于揭开了北京雨燕极端空中生活方式和跨大陆迁徙的秘密——这些谜团几个世纪以来一直让观察者eluded。)”可知，这些谜团几个世纪以来一直让观察者困惑不解，eluded意为“使困惑”。A. Puzzled使困惑；B. Touched感动；C. Motivated激励；D. Interrupted打断。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Terry’s map did what words alone could not. It turned unseen miles into a journey the world could finally see.(特里的地图做到了仅靠文字无法做到的事情。它把看不见的英里变成了全世界最终都能看到的旅程。)”可知，从特里·汤森德的工作中可以了解到“一图胜千言”。故选D。 Passage 2 Owning a pet could protect against the mental decline that can lead to dementia (痴呆) in older folks living alone, a study of nearly 8,000 people has found. The findings of the UK study add to existing evidence from the US that having a pet can help buffer against the effects of brain aging in adults aged over 65 years old and living alone. Loneliness and dementia are two growing global problems. It’s estimated that the number of people with dementia worldwide will increase to somewhere between 130 and 175 million in 2050. Loneliness is also on the rise, and linked to a greater risk of developing dementia in older age. However, people can be socially isolated without feeling lonely, and even a lack of social interaction is known to change the structure of the brain while impacting health and well-being in other ways. For older folks who might not be able to venture outside their home, owning a pet can give them companionship, which may keep them more physically active, talkative, or connected to their neighbors than people living alone without any pets. To investigate, Yanzhi Li, a public health researcher at Sun Yat-sen University in China and colleagues analyzed data on 7,945 people from the English Longitudinal (纵向的) Study of Ageing (ELSA), an ongoing study of UK residents over 50 years old. Information on pet ownership was first collected in the fifth wave of the study, between June 2010 and July 2011, and the researchers tracked people’s cognitive function scores through to July 2019, the ninth and most recently completed phase of the study. Compared to those living entirely on their own, people living with their pets had slower rates of cognitive decline in three key areas: verbal cognition, verbal memory, and verbal fluency. Pets didn’t make a difference for older individuals living with other people. The study participants were mostly white, so more research involving people of other ethnicities is needed to see if those groups get the same benefit from owning a pet. 1．How does paragraph 1 set the topic? A．By stating a key link. B．By citing US work. C．By listing risk figures. D．By describing pet training. 2．Which design best describes paragraph 4? A．A short field test. B．A random lab trial. C．A brief cross-section. D．A long follow-up study. 3．What did pets most significantly impact? A．Musical ability. B．Mathematical skills. C．Spatial awareness. D．Verbal cognitive functions. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Pets and aging minds B．Animals and daily care C．Dementia cures and costs D．Loneliness and social media 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项研究发现养宠物可能有助于保护独居老人免受可能导致痴呆的精神衰退的影响，并介绍了相关研究情况。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Owning a pet could protect against the mental decline that can lead to dementia (痴呆) in older folks living alone, a study of nearly 8,000 people has found. The findings of the UK study add to existing evidence from the US that having a pet can help buffer against the effects of brain aging in adults aged over 61 years old and living alone.(一项对近8000人的研究发现，养宠物可以防止独居老人出现可能导致痴呆症的精神衰退。英国这项研究的结果补充了来自美国的现有证据，即养宠物可以帮助61岁以上独居成年人缓冲大脑衰老的影响)”可知，第一段通过阐述养宠物与防止独居老人精神衰退（可能导致痴呆）之间的关键联系来引出话题。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“To investigate, Yanzhi Li, a public health researcher at Sun Yat-sen University in China and colleagues analyzed data on 7,945 people from the English Longitudinal (纵向的) Study of Ageing (ELSA), an ongoing study of UK residents over 50 years old. Information on pet ownership was first collected in the fifth wave of the study, between June 2010 and July 2011, and the researchers tracked people’s cognitive function scores through to July 2019, the ninth and most recently completed phase of the study.(为了进行调查，中国中山大学的公共卫生研究员李彦芝及其同事分析了来自英国纵向老龄化研究（ELSA）的7945人的数据，该研究是对50岁以上英国居民的持续研究。宠物拥有情况的信息首次在2010年2月至2011年7月进行的第五波研究中收集，研究人员追踪了人们的认知功能评分，直至2019年7月，即该研究的第九阶段，也是最近完成的一个阶段)”可知，第四段介绍了研究人员分析数据的过程，从2010-2011年收集信息到追踪到2019年，是一个长期的跟踪研究。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Compared to those living entirely on their own, people living with their pets had slower rates of cognitive decline in three key areas: verbal cognition, verbal memory, and verbal fluency.(与完全独自生活的人相比，与宠物一起生活的人在三个关键领域的认知能力下降速度较慢：语言认知、语言记忆和语言流畅性)”可知，宠物对语言认知功能影响最显著。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。 根据第一段“Owning a pet could protect against the mental decline that can lead to dementia (痴呆) in older folks living alone, a study of nearly 4,000 people has found. The findings of the UK study add to existing evidence from the US that having a pet can help buffer against the effects of brain aging in adults aged over 65 years old and living alone.(一项对近4000人的研究发现，养宠物可以防止独居老人出现可能导致痴呆症的精神衰退。英国这项研究的结果补充了来自美国的现有证据，即养宠物可以帮助65岁以上独居成年人缓冲大脑衰老的影响)”并通读全文，文章主要围绕养宠物对独居老人大脑（防止精神衰退、痴呆，影响语言认知功能等）的影响展开，所以A选项“Pets and aging minds(宠物和衰老的大脑)”符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选A。 Passage 3 On a quiet street in Bangkok, a shop owner watches water rise through her floor for the third time this year. She simply moves her goods to the second floor and waits. Four blocks away, a newly built park is doing something strange — it’s designed to flood. This is not failure. This is adaptation. For more than a century, cities treated water as the enemy to be defeated. Engineers built higher walls, stronger pumps (泵) and deeper channels. The enemy metaphor ran deep: We “fight” floods, “battle” rising seas and storm surges. And for a while, it worked, or seemed to. Then came the storms that broke the walls. Hurricane Sandy flooded 51 square kilometers of New York City in 2012. In 2021, floods in Germany killed more than 180 people despite advanced warning systems. The concrete defenses, perfected over generations, were failing in plain sight. What these events exposed was not a problem in engineering, but a problem in thinking. You cannot defeat water; you can only delay it. And delay is not a strategy. Not with a bang, but with a rethink. In Copenhagen, after a 2011 flood caused nearly a billion dollars in damage, city planners didn’t just rebuild — they redesigned. A new park called Tasinge Plads now serves as a public square when dry and a retention pond (蓄水池) when rains come. Children play on equipment that doubles as water storage. The enemy has become a neighbor. The most telling change may be happening in the Netherlands, a country that literally built itself on the idea of defeating water. However, the Room for the River program, begun in 2007, has done something unconventional: it moved dikes (堤坝) back, lowered floodplains, and gave rivers room to breathe. When water rises now, it flows where it’s meant to go. Back in Bangkok, the shop owner knows something that city engineers are only beginning to learn. Water doesn’t need to be fought. It needs to be expected. The old question was: How high can we build the wall? The new question is: What can we build that water can live with? 1．How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A．By describing a scene. B．By presenting a comparison. C．By citing a shop owner. D．By explaining a phenomenon. 2．What does the author try to illustrate in paragraph 4? A．The inconvenience of concrete defenses. B．The severity of natural disasters worldwide. C．The shortage of advanced warning systems. D．The ineffectiveness of old flood control ways. 3．What is Netherlands’ water management like according to the text? A．Cautious and flexible. B．Economical and reliable. C．Innovative and reasonable. D．Efficient and systematic. 4．What do the two questions at the end of the text mainly show? A．The necessity of construction. B．The importance of engineering. C．The transformation in concepts. D．The trouble in solving problems. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了面对洪水，城市从对抗到适应的思维转变。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“On a quiet street in Bangkok, a shop owner watches water rise through her floor for the third time this year. She simply moves her goods to the second floor and waits. Four blocks away, a newly built park is doing something strange — it’s designed to flood.(在曼谷一条安静的街道上，一位店主看着水今年第三次漫过她的地板。她只是把货物搬到二楼等着。四个街区外，一个新建的公园正在做一些奇怪的事情——它是为洪水而设计的。)”可知，作者通过描述一个场景来呈现问题。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Then came the storms that broke the walls. Hurricane Sandy flooded 51 square kilometers of New York City in 2012. In 2021, floods in Germany killed more than 180 people despite advanced warning systems. The concrete defenses, perfected over generations, were failing in plain sight.(接着是打破墙壁的风暴。2012年，飓风桑迪淹没了纽约市51平方公里的土地。2021年，尽管有先进的预警系统，德国的洪水仍造成180多人死亡。经过几代人完善的混凝土防御工事，在众目睽睽之下失败了。)”可知，作者试图在第4段说明旧的防洪方法无效。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第四段中“However, the Room for the River program, begun in 2007, has done something unconventional: it moved dikes (堤坝) back, lowered floodplains, and gave rivers room to breathe. When water rises now, it flows where it’s meant to go.(然而，2007年开始的“为河流腾出空间”项目却做了一些非传统的事情：它将堤坝向后移动，降低了洪泛平原的高度，为河流提供了呼吸的空间。现在，当水位上升时，它会流向它该去的地方。)”可知，荷兰的水管理是创新和合理的。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Back in Bangkok, the shop owner knows something that city engineers are only beginning to learn. Water doesn’t need to be fought. It needs to be expected.(回到曼谷，店主知道一些城市工程师才刚刚开始学习的东西。水不需要与之斗争。需要的是预期。)”以及倒数第二段“The old question was: How high can we build the wall?(旧的问题是：我们的墙能建多高？)”、最后一段“The new question is: What can we build that water can live with?(新的问题是：我们能建造什么让水可以与之共存的东西？)”可知，文章最后提出的两个问题主要说明了概念的转变。故选C。 Passage 4 Are flash floods becoming more serious? According to the Environment Agency, around 5.2 million properties in England alone are at risk of flooding. Climate change is bringing more unpredictable weather patterns, such as wetter weather and rising sea level. Therefore, protecting yourselves from flooding has never been more important. Here are some things you can do. First, stay informed. Download the weather app and allow notices. The app will provide you with real-time weather warnings allowing you to take appropriate measures. Extreme weather events are an unstoppable force — sometimes leaving the area will be your only safe option. Second, know the level of risk by looking at flood maps. You may be required to have flood insurance if you live in a high-risk area. Third, create an emergency plan. Make sure you always keep emergency supplies to last several days, including a first aid kit. Having a way of recharging your mobile phone is worth considering too. But be particularly careful when travelling by car. Don’t drive through flooded streets — it’s difficult to judge the water depth, and roadways hidden below the water can collapse. If floodwaters cause your vehicle to lose control, give it up and seek the higher ground. Rapidly rising water can sweep the vehicle away. Plan for the worst; hope for the best. The Met Office predicted that extreme rainfall events could be four times as frequent by the 2070s compared to the 1980s. In the face of increasing climate-related challenges, adopting a proactive approach to flood protection seems increasingly advisable. 1．Why does the author ask the question in Paragraph 1? A．To confirm an idea. B．To introduce a topic. C．To conclude the text. D．To express some doubts. 2．What are the drivers especially advised to do when travelling? A．Avoid driving through the flooded streets. B．Get rid of necessary supplies if necessary. C．Purchase flood insurance in advance. D．Keep the weather app updated over time. 3．What kind of writing skill does the author use in the last paragraph? A．Analyzing causes. B．Quoting sayings. C．Describing processes. D．Making comparisons. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．What is a flash flood? B．Do flash floods need controlling? C．Are flash floods becoming more serious? D．How do we protect ourselves from flash floods? 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章针对山洪是否变得更严重这一问题，介绍了洪水风险的现状，并提供了多条个人防洪避险的建议。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Are flash floods becoming more serious?(山洪暴发是否正变得更加严重?)”以及后文“According to the Environment Agency, around 5.2 million properties in England alone are at risk of flooding.(根据环境署的数据，仅英格兰就有约520万处房产面临洪水风险)”和“Here are some things you can do.(以下是一些你可以做的事情)”可知，作者在第一段提出问题是为了引入本文关于防洪的话题。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段中“But be particularly careful when travelling by car. Don’t drive through flooded streets — it’s difficult to judge the water depth, and roadways hidden below the water can collapse.(但在驾车出行时要特别小心。不要驾车驶过被淹没的街道——很难判断水深，水面下的道路可能会坍塌)”可知，特别建议司机在旅行时避免驾车通过被淹没的街道。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The Met Office predicted that extreme rainfall events could be four times as frequent by the 2070s compared to the 1980s.(英国气象局预测，到21世纪70年代，极端降雨事件的频率可能是20世纪80年代的四倍)”可知，作者将21世纪70年代与20世纪80年代的极端降雨事件频率进行了比较，运用了作比较的写作技巧。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Therefore, protecting yourselves from flooding has never been more important. Here are some things you can do.(因此，防范洪水比以往任何时候都更加重要。以下是一些你可以做的事情)”以及后文分点介绍的具体措施可知，本文主要介绍了如何保护自己免受山洪灾害。故D项“How do we protect ourselves from flash floods?(我们如何保护自己免受山洪灾害？)”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。故选D项。 Passage 5 For generations, the people of Havenbrook thrived in peace, embraced by the beauty of the ocean and the quiet security of their coastal home. However, one fateful day, their peaceful life was turned upside down by a destructive natural disaster. The morning started like any other. The sun rose, casting its golden rays over the town. People woke up, prepared for their daily routine, and went about their business. Little did they know that a storm was brewing far out on the ocean. As the day progressed, the sky began to darken, and the wind started to pick up. By afternoon, Havenbrook was in the control of a powerful hurricane. The hurricane’s fierce winds tore through the town, cutting roofs into pieces and overturning trees. The ocean, whipped into a frenzy by the storm, washed in huge waves into the town, flooding streets and homes. Residents (居民), caught unprepared, hurried to find shelter. Many were trapped in their homes, waiting in terror as the water rose higher and higher. It seemed as if the world were at an end. The town’s emergency services worked tirelessly to rescue those in danger. They used boats to navigate through the flooded streets and transported people to safety. However, the storm was so powerful that even their efforts were limited. Many homes were completely destroyed, and lives were lost. The once-thriving town was now a scene of ruin and despair (绝望). After the hurricane, Havenbrook’s residents began the arduous task of rebuilding their life. They worked together, pooling their resources and skills, to rebuild their homes and community. Support from outside the town poured in, with volunteers and donations helping to speed up the recovery process. Slowly but surely, Havenbrook began to rise from the ruins. 1．What can be learned from the first two paragraphs? A．The residents sensed the upcoming storm. B．The residents often suffered natural disasters. C．The residents were not prepared for daily life. D．The residents enjoyed a peaceful life before the disaster. 2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The residents began rescue work. B．The hurricane arrived with no warning. C．The residents left their homes hopefully. D．The hurricane caused severe damage and widespread fear. 3．What specific actions did the town’s emergency services take during the disaster? A．They shipped people to safety. B．They rescued the mothers first by boat. C．They delayed any action until the storm ended. D．They failed to reach the affected areas due to the storm. 4．What is the probable meaning of the underlined word “arduous” in the last paragraph? A．Challenging. B．Cheerful. C．Effortless. D．Disappointing. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了黑文布鲁克小镇的居民原本在沿海家园过着平静安宁的生活，却因一场突如其来的飓风遭遇灾难，小镇被严重破坏，居民陷入危机；灾后大家齐心协力、借助外界援助，逐步重建家园的故事。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“For generations, the people of Havenbrook thrived in peace, embraced by the beauty of the ocean and the quiet security of their coastal home. (几代人以来，黑文布鲁克的居民在和平中繁衍生息，沉浸在海洋的美景和海滨家园带来的宁静安稳之中)”以及第二段“People woke up, prepared for their daily routine, and went about their business. Little did they know that a storm was brewing far out on the ocean. (人们起床后，按部就班地准备开始日常工作和生活，却丝毫没有察觉到一场风暴正在遥远的海洋上酝酿)”可知，灾难发生前，黑文布鲁克的居民过着平静的生活。故选D。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“The hurricane’s fierce winds tore through the town, cutting roofs into pieces and overturning trees. The ocean, whipped into a frenzy by the storm, washed in huge waves into the town, flooding streets and homes. Residents, caught unprepared, hurried to find shelter. Many were trapped in their homes, waiting in terror as the water rose higher and higher. (飓风的狂风席卷了整个小镇，将屋顶掀翻撕成碎片、树木吹倒。被风暴搅得汹涌澎湃的海水，掀起巨浪涌入小镇，淹没了街道和房屋。毫无准备的居民们匆忙寻找避难所，许多人被困在家中，恐惧地看着水位越涨越高)”可知，该段主要描述了飓风给小镇带来的严重破坏，以及给居民带来的巨大恐慌。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“The town’s emergency services worked tirelessly to rescue those in danger. They used boats to navigate through the flooded streets and transported people to safety. (小镇的应急救援人员不辞辛劳地营救处于危险中的人们，他们乘船在被淹没的街道中穿行，将人们转移到安全地带)”可知，应急救援人员的具体行动是用船把人们送到安全的地方。故选A。 4．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“After the hurricane, Havenbrook’s residents began the arduous task of rebuilding their life. They worked together, pooling their resources and skills, to rebuild their homes and community. (飓风过后，黑文布鲁克的居民开始了重建生活的arduous任务。他们齐心协力，集中资源和技能，重建家园和社区)”，结合前文提到小镇被飓风摧毁成一片废墟的背景，可推断重建工作是艰难且具有挑战性的。划线单词arduous的意思是“艰难的，具有挑战性的”，和challenging意思相近。故选A。 Passage 6 A quiet AI revolution is unfolding in China’s countryside. In provinces like Jilin, Yunnan and Hubei, farmers are turning to AI to save their crops from flooding and disease. China is showing the world a different roadmap of AI’s path forward. Free AI services in China fuel mass adoption. DeepSeek’s integration into WeChat caused a traffic surge, absorbed by Tencent’s Yuanbao, whose DAU (Daily Active Users) jumped 20 times in two months. AI now rapidly integrates into daily life, reaching vast rural populations at scale. By making AI tools free and accessible through platforms like WeChat, China has opened the floodgates to grassroots adoption. Chinese companies have prioritized scale. And that scale is surprising: Nearly 300 million farmers, representing 20% of the national population, are potential AI users. In one Hubei village, weeks of heavy rain threatened to destroy rice fields. Consequently, farmers turned to Yuanbao. The chatbot recommended building embankments and switching to high-ridge planting — the advice arrives instantly, tailored to specific problems and images uploaded by farmers with little formal education. AI is inserted into everyday life in China. For Chinese farmers, the benefits are real and immediate. For many, AI is no longer a futuristic idea but a daily tool. While China’s rural AI surge is impressive, it faces challenges of its own. AI researchers found that most farmers didn’t know how to pose useful questions to AI chatbots unless prompted by local officials. Educational gaps remain a barrier: Even when farmers receive answers, they might not understand the technical terms involved. Without a closed loop of comprehension and action, the benefits of AI can’t be fully realized. Researchers also stress that making AI useful for the farmers as well as elders will require more than a stylish UX and bigger models. It urgently demands simplified responses, voice interfaces and solutions tailored to real-world conditions. 1．What resulted from DeepSeek’s integration into WeChat? A．Free AI services in China became available. B．Tencent’s Yuanbao saw a rapid increase in users. C．Farmers in Hubei doubled their rice production. D．The number of WeChat users dropped significantly. 2．What do the underlined words “opened the floodgates to” mean in paragraph 3? A．Blocked the way of. B．Tested the limits of. C．Increased the cost of. D．Allowed widespread entry of. 3．What will the researchers most probably do next? A．Develop larger AI models. B．Expand AI access to more cities. C．Provide simplified practical instructions. D．Teach farmers to understand technical terms. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．AI companies profit greatly from rural users. B．AI has solved all farming problems in China. C．Farmers prefer traditional methods to AI technology. D．China’s rural AI holds promise but faces challenges. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国农村地区正在兴起的AI革命，农民利用免费AI工具应对农作物灾害，尽管前景广阔，但仍面临教育鸿沟等挑战。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“DeepSeek’s integration into WeChat caused a traffic surge, absorbed by Tencent’s Yuanbao, whose DAU (Daily Active Users) jumped 20 times in two months. (DeepSeek接入微信引发了流量激增，由腾讯的元宝承接，其日活跃用户在两个月内激增了20倍)”可知，DeepSeek接入微信导致腾讯元宝的用户数量迅速增加。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“By making AI tools free and accessible through platforms like WeChat, China has opened the floodgates to grassroots adoption. (通过使AI工具免费并通过微信等平台提供，中国opened the floodgates to基层应用)”以及后文“And that scale is surprising: Nearly 300 million farmers, representing 20% of the national population, are potential AI users. (这个规模令人惊讶：近3亿农民，占全国人口的20%，是潜在的AI用户)”可知，免费和便捷的接入使得AI工具在基层得到广泛应用。故划线短语意为“使……广泛进入”，与“Allowed widespread entry of”同义。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Researchers also stress that making AI useful for the farmers as well as elders will require more than a stylish UX and bigger models. It urgently demands simplified responses, voice interfaces and solutions tailored to real-world conditions. (研究人员还强调，让AI对农民和老年人有用，需要的不仅仅是时尚的用户体验和更大的模型。它迫切需要简化的回复、语音界面以及针对现实情况量身定制的解决方案)”可推知，研究人员接下来最可能做的事情是提供简化的实用指导。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“A quiet AI revolution is unfolding in China’s countryside. In provinces like Jilin, Yunnan and Hubei, farmers are turning to AI to save their crops from flooding and disease. China is showing the world a different roadmap of AI’s path forward.(一场静悄悄的人工智能革命正在中国乡村悄然展开。在吉林、云南、湖北等省份，农民们正借助AI技术来抵御洪涝灾害和病虫害对农作物的威胁。中国正为世界描绘出一条不同的人工智能发展路径)”和第五段中“AI is inserted into everyday life in China. For Chinese farmers, the benefits are real and immediate. For many, AI is no longer a futuristic idea but a daily tool. While China’s rural AI surge is impressive, it faces challenges of its own. (人工智能正渗透进中国日常生活的方方面面。对中国农民而言，AI带来的好处切实而直接。对许多人来说，AI已不再是遥不可及的未来概念，而成为日常工具。尽管中国农村的人工智能热潮令人瞩目，但它也面临着自身的挑战)”以及后文对教育鸿沟等挑战的阐述可知，本文主要讲述了中国的农村AI应用既有前景也面临挑战。故选D项。 Passage 7 Deep within your brain lies the nucleus accumbens (伏隔核), a key part of the reward system (奖励系统) that release dopamine (多巴胺) to encourage behavior. Companies are now spending huge amounts of money to take control of this system with “digital dopamine (数字多巴胺)” — delivered through hard-to-resist apps like social media and online gambling. This creates a divide in society: an immediate-satisfaction online world where money is made but little meaning is found, and a shrinking real-life space where true meaning is built. The situation is likely to get worse with the Al development, which will make consumer technology even more obsessive. We can see the warning in the difficult situation of teenagers, particularly young men, whose developing brains make them easily influenced. Society is directing them toward digital rewards that require no real-life effort, harming their development in both work and relationships. We must take action in two areas. Online, we should treat these apps as the dangers they are. The Consumer Product Safety Commission could require child-safe designs and warning labels. App developers must be told to share unnamed user information with scientists to study the effects of their products, making addictive computer programs open rather than company secrets. In real life, we must make the physical world more satisfying. We need to develop an economy that builds things up like Legos, rather than just takes like Monopoly, by creating jobs with meaning and purpose. This includes putting money into “hard tech” that solves real-world problems and setting up 1,000 new vocational schools to attract the next generation, particularly young men, to build and create in the real world. Finally, we must demand that our public values and technology support standards of personal and national improvement, rather than undermining them for profit. 1．What are companies trying to control by spending large amounts of money? A．The development of new technology. B．The brain’s reward system. C．Social media platforms. D．Teenagers’ online behavior. 2．What does the underlined word “obsessive” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Awful B．informative. C．addictive. D．diverse. 3．How does the author mainly describe the solution to digital addict? A．By showing scientific analyses. B．By presenting a concept. C．By explaining a theory. D．By giving examples. 4．Which would be the best title for this passage? A．Digital Divide: The Corporate Takeover of Our Reward System B．Controlling the Reward System: The Dangers of Social Media and Gambling C．The Brain’s Reward System: From Nucleus Accumbens to a Divided Society D．Digital Dopamine: A Two-Sided Solution for Reclaiming Our Lives 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。介绍了企业利用“数字多巴胺”操控人类大脑奖励系统，导致人们沉迷网络、现实生活空间萎缩的问题，并从网络监管和现实生活建设两方面提出了解决方案，呼吁让科技服务于个人与国家发展而非单纯逐利。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Deep within your brain lies the nucleus accumbens, a key part of the reward system that releases dopamine to encourage behavior. Companies are now spending huge amounts of money to take control of this system with “digital dopamine” — delivered through hard-to-resist apps like social media and online gambling.(在你的大脑深处有伏隔核，它是奖励系统的关键部分，会释放多巴胺以激励行为。企业如今正投入巨额资金，通过‘数字多巴胺’控制这一系统——通过那些难以抗拒的应用程序（如社交媒体和在线赌博）来实现。)”可知，公司投入巨资试图控制大脑的奖励系统。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“The situation is likely to get worse with the AI development, which will make consumer technology even more obsessive.(随着人工智能的发展，这种情况可能会变得更糟，这将使消费类科技变得更加obsessive。)”并结合第一段“Deep within your brain lies the nucleus accumbens, a key part of the reward system that releases dopamine to encourage behavior. Companies are now spending huge amounts of money to take control of this system with “digital dopamine” — delivered through hard-to-resist apps like social media and online gambling.(在你的大脑深处有伏隔核，它是奖励系统的关键部分，会释放多巴胺以激励行为。企业如今正投入巨额资金，通过‘数字多巴胺’控制这一系统——通过那些难以抗拒的应用程序（如社交媒体和在线赌博）来实现。)”可知，数字多巴胺让人难以抗拒、使消费类科技变得更令人沉迷。obsessive意为“使人上瘾的、令人沉迷的”。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The Consumer Product Safety Commission could require child-safe designs and warning labels.(美国消费品安全委员会可能会要求采用儿童安全设计并贴上警告标签。)”和第四段中“We need to develop an economy that builds things up like Legos, rather than just takes like Monopoly, by creating jobs with meaning and purpose. This includes putting money into “hard tech” that solves real-world problems and setting up 1,000 new vocational schools to attract the next generation, particularly young men, to build and create in the real world.(我们需要发展一种能像乐高积木一样构建出各种事物的经济模式，而非像大富翁游戏那样只是掠夺资源。这种经济模式应通过创造有意义且有目标的工作岗位来实现。这包括将资金投入到能够解决实际问题的‘硬科技’领域，并建立 1000 所新的职业学校，以吸引下一代人群，尤其是年轻男性，投身于现实世界的建设和创造之中。)”等内容可知，作者主要通过列举具体事例来描述解决数字成瘾的方案。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章围绕数字多巴胺带来的问题展开，并从网络和现实两方面提出了解决方案，旨在重塑我们的生活。选项D“数字多巴胺：重塑我们生活的双面解决方案”符合主题，适合用作标题，故选D。 Passage 8 The teacher starts with the basics: how to thread a needle (穿针引线). Then, over the course of the next 30 minutes, she shows the students a few different stitches (缝法), along with how to mend a torn shirt. This is not a lesson at some outdated finishing school. The class is part of a free, one-day course at Austin Community College (ACC) called “Adulting 101”. The students range in age from their late teens to mid-40s. ACC has been running such programmes for six-years. The workshops are designed to help people live as adults successfully, even those who have been adults for quite some time. The topics range from how to dress appropriately for a job interview to how to file income taxes. Raffi Grinberg, an author, created and taught “Adulting 101” at Boston College. The inspiration for his class came from his first day working at Bain & Company, a management consultancy, soon after he left university. He and other newcomers had to decide which health insurance plan to choose, how much of his income to devote to saving for retirement and other financial details. “Every one of us called our parents,” he admits, “We were graduates of really good schools, and we still didn’t know what to do.” Why are such courses needed? To many, these skills will sound like basic common sense. Yet, as the saying goes, common sense is not so common. The rise in the need for adulting classes reflects, in part, the changing nature of childhood and adolescence (青少年时期), which have grown more digital and less physical. American teenagers spend up to nine hours each day on screens. Social media do offer handy lessons on all manner of household chores. But most young users of these platforms are more interested in dancing than dishwashers. Many will see adulting classes as evidence that young people are not fully developed. But coddled (被溺爱的) children do not admit the gaps in their knowledge and try to fill them. Only a grown-up would willingly spend precious free time doing something as boring as learning how to mend a shirt. 1．How does the text start? A．By putting forward a question. B．By introducing a teaching plan. C．By presenting a classroom scene. D．By explaining a challenging concept. 2．What inspired Raffi Grinberg to develop the “Adulting 101” course? A．His early challenges in the workplace. B．His strong interest in academic teaching. C．His ambition to become a published author. D．His parents’ guidance on financial matters. 3．What partly leads to the increasing demand for adulting classes? A．Schools ignoring basic life skills education. B．Social media lacking practical chore lessons. C．Parents being overly involved in their kids’ lives. D．Screen time crowding out practical skill learning. 4．What does the author imply about young people who attend adulting classes? A．They are self-aware. B．They are pressure-driven. C．They are rich in free time. D．They are narrow in knowledge. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了美国一些院校开设的“成人生活技能101”课程，说明了课程内容、开设背景、开设原因，并指出参加这类课程的年轻人具备自我认知意识。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“The teacher starts with the basics: how to thread a needle. Then, over the course of the next 30 minutes, she shows the students a few different stitches, along with how to mend a torn shirt.(老师从基础开始：如何穿针引线。然后，在接下来的30分钟里，她向学生展示几种不同的缝法，以及如何修补破了的衬衫。)”可知，文章以呈现一个课堂场景开头。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The inspiration for his class came from his first day working at Bain & Company, a management consultancy, soon after he left university.(他开设这门课的灵感来自于大学毕业后刚进入贝恩咨询公司工作的第一天。)”可知，他在职场初期遇到的挑战激发他开设了这门课程。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“The rise in the need for adulting classes reflects, in part, the changing nature of childhood and adolescence, which have grown more digital and less physical. American teenagers spend up to nine hours each day on screens.(成人生活技能课程需求的增长，部分反映了童年和青少年时期性质的变化，它们变得更加数字化，更少动手实践。美国青少年每天花在屏幕上的时间长达9个小时。)”可知，屏幕时间挤占了实践技能学习，导致了这类课程需求增加。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But coddled children do not admit the gaps in their knowledge and try to fill them. Only a grown-up would willingly spend precious free time doing something as boring as learning how to mend a shirt.(但被溺爱的孩子不会承认自己的知识缺口并试图弥补。只有成熟的人才会愿意把宝贵的空闲时间花在学习补衣服这样无聊的事情上。)”可知，参加课程的年轻人能意识到自己的不足，他们有自我认知意识。故选A。 Passage 9 In 2013, at 79, Jane Goodall helped return a chimpanzee(黑猩猩) named Wounda to the wild. As Wounda stepped nervously out of her cage, she suddenly leapt into Goodall’s arms, hugging and kissing her — a moment of pure grace that Goodall would carry forever. It felt like a thank you from all chimpanzees. For decades, Goodall had lived among chimpanzees in Gombe. She had watched them swing and feast in the trees, delighted when they no longer ran away from her, and cherished the day when David, a gray-bearded chimpanzee, gently reached out to hold her hand. But what amazed Goodall most was when she saw David prepare a grass stem to fish — he was making tools. That single observation erased the line between humans and animals, shaking anthropology to its core. She had no scientific training. Drawn to Africa since childhood by Tarzan’s tales, she arrived in 1957 and, urged by Louis Leakey, immersed herself in the wild. Over 25 years, her careful records made her the world’s foremost authority on chimpanzees. Her naming of them unsettled some of the scientists who preferred cold numbers. But Goodall could not reduce them to digits. They were individuals — Goliath, the fallen king; William, scarred and gentle, whom she nursed through fever; Figan, bright and brave. She noted every gesture, every call, every curious look directed at her, a pale stranger oddly blessed with endless bananas. In 1990, she returned, only to find that Gombe’s borders were ruined — trees felled, earth barren, villagers desperate. Humans, gifted with language and foresight, should have been nature’s guardians. They were not. In 2002, she became a UN Messenger of Peace, though she preferred “messenger of hope”. From her youth, she had sensed a purpose. In Gombe, she found it. Among the shouts and screams, she would stop to watch sunlight pass through the treetops — moments that carried her beyond time, into life’s deep mystery. Hopeful and fearless, she knew her next great adventure awaited: dying. 1．What does Wounda’s hug of Goodall indicate? A．It was a carefully trained behavior. B．It was not their very first encounter. C．It represented gratitude from the chimpanzee. D．It marked the start of Goodall’s conservation work. 2．What is a discovery of Goodall? A．Chimpanzees can make and use tools. B．Chimpanzees are more active than expected. C．Chimpanzees master various hunting techniques. D．Chimpanzees naturally prefer to stay with humans. 3．What do the three chimpanzees mentioned in paragraph 3 suggest? A．Chimpanzees share similarities with humans. B．Goodall had genuine affection and respect for them. C．Goodall faced many challenges in her research work. D．Naming chimpanzees contributes to scientific research. 4．Which words can best describe Goodall? A．Hopeful and cooperative. B．Professional and humble. C．Sensitive and conventional. D．Determined and courageous. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了简・古道尔深耕野外研究黑猩猩，发现其会制造工具的重大成果；她用心善待每只黑猩猩，晚年痛心生态破坏并投身公益，一生坚定无畏、心怀希望。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“As Wounda stepped nervously out of her cage, she suddenly leapt into Goodall’s arms, hugging and kissing her — a moment of pure grace that Goodall would carry forever. It felt like a thank you from all chimpanzees.(当旺达小心翼翼地走出笼子时，她突然跳进古道尔的怀里，紧紧抱住并亲吻着她——这一瞬间充满了纯粹的优雅，这一幕将永远留在古道尔的记忆中。仿佛所有黑猩猩都在向她致谢)”可推知，旺达对古道尔的拥抱代表着这只黑猩猩的感激之情。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But what amazed Goodall most was when she saw David prepare a grass stem to fish — he was making tools. That single observation erased the line between humans and animals, shaking anthropology to its core.(但最让古道尔感到惊讶的是，当她看到大卫准备一根草茎去钓白蚁时——他正在制作工具。这一观察使人类与动物之间的界限消失，动摇了整个人类学的基础)”可知，古道尔的发现是黑猩猩能制造和使用工具。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Her naming of them unsettled some of the scientists who preferred cold numbers. But Goodall could not reduce them to digits. They were individuals — Goliath, the fallen king; William, scarred and gentle, whom she nursed through fever; Figan, bright and brave. She noted every gesture, every call, every curious look directed at her, a pale stranger oddly blessed with endless bananas.(她给它们命名的行为让一些更喜欢冷冰冰数字的科学家感到不安。但古道尔无法将它们简化为数字。它们是独立的个体——比如“戈利阿特”，这位曾经的“国王”；威廉满身疤痕却温柔，是她在他发烧时悉心照料的病人；菲甘则聪明勇敢。她留意着他的每一个动作、每一声呼唤、每一个投向她的好奇目光，而她这个苍白的陌生人却意外地拥有了无尽的香蕉)”可知，第三段中提到的那三只黑猩猩表明了古道尔对它们怀有真挚的关爱与尊重。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，古道尔数十年在野外研究黑猩猩，持续记录黑猩猩的行为，即便面对部分科学家的质疑仍坚持自己的研究方式，体现出她的坚定；她无专业科学训练却深入野外研究，见证环境破坏后积极奔走，始终满怀希望且无所畏惧面对生命与死亡的课题，体现出她的勇敢。由此可推知，古道尔是一个坚定且勇敢的人。故选D项。 Passage 10 Christopher C． Grinter has spent much of his life surrounded by insects, though not in the way most people imagine. His work helps support the California All-Taxa Biodiversity Inventory (CalATBI), an effort to document every species in the state before they disappear. Grinter’s fascination began far from California. Growing up in suburban Chicago, he watched butterflies dance through his backyard and wanted to know their names. “It all started with butterflies,” he says. His parents took him to a members’ night at the Field Museum, where he saw an insect collection for the first time. “I had my mind blown.” He began volunteering there, labeling and databasing specimens (标本), and eventually started his career in the field. When CalATBI started, Grinter’s team collected hundreds of thousands of insects, covering tens of thousands of miles. Their fieldwork was unlike anything seen in a generation. It produced scientific treasure and also the occasional misadventure — like the time their vehicle sank into Mojave Desert sand. They waited for rescue in 100-degree heat, but, as he recalls, “couldn’t stop the sampling.” Today, genetic sequencing (排序) is routine. “DNA barcoding as a technique isn’t on the cutting edge anymore, and in the best way — it has become routine,” Grinter says. His team integrates genomic (基因组的) analysis into specimen digitization, creating a DNA reference library for insects. Still, Grinter insists that data alone is not enough. “The next key step is to collect and keep specimens in a proper way, which makes scientific research possible.” Museums, he says, are like “storehouses of life” — they keep scientific evidence safe over time and ensure that experiments can be repeated and confirmed. What gives him hope are the people joining the effort. “Modern science doesn’t happen alone in basements,” he says. “It’s teams of people working and supporting each other.” For Grinter, that collaboration, and the interest that drives it, may be as vital to biodiversity as the species themselves. 1．Why is the author’s childhood experience mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To explain his career roots. B．To stress his family background. C．To show his early interest. D．To highlight the uniqueness of insects. 2．What did Grinter’s team do when CalATBI started? A．They visited special insect libraries. B．They sought broad recognition. C．They conducted extensive fieldwork. D．They learnt from contemporary scientists. 3．What is the main idea of paragraph 5? A．The cultural function of museums. B．The importance of storing specimens. C．Specimens’ safety problems. D．Research’s reliance on museums. 4．Which of the following is true of Grinter’s story? A．Practice makes perfect. B．A friend in need in a friend indeed. C．Every dog has its day. D．Curiosity is the mother of success. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了昆虫学家格林特投身加州物种普查，着重标本并提倡合作，致力保护生物多样性的故事。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Grinter’s fascination began far from California. Growing up in suburban Chicago, he watched butterflies dance through his backyard and wanted to know their names. “It all started with butterflies,” he says. His parents took him to a members’ night at the Field Museum, where he saw an insect collection for the first time. “I had my mind blown.” He began volunteering there, labeling and databasing specimens, and eventually started his career in the field.(格林特对昆虫的痴迷始于远离加利福尼亚的地方。在芝加哥郊区长大的他，看着蝴蝶在自家后院翩翩起舞，便想弄清楚它们的名字。“这一切都是从蝴蝶开始的，”他说。他的父母带他去菲尔德博物馆参加会员之夜，那是他第一次见到昆虫标本馆。“我被震撼到了。”他开始在那里做志愿者，给标本贴标签并录入数据库，最终开启了自己的职业生涯)”可知，文章第二段讲述了Grinter童年对蝴蝶的好奇，在博物馆接触昆虫标本的经历以及后续在博物馆志愿工作，最终开启昆虫研究职业生涯的完整脉络。因此，提及童年经历，是解释他从事该领域研究的职业根源。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“When CalATBI started, Grinter’s team collected hundreds of thousands of insects, covering tens of thousands of miles. Their fieldwork was unlike anything seen in a generation.(当CalATBI项目启动时，格林特的团队采集了数十万只昆虫，行程达数万公里。他们的实地考察工作堪称是这一代人所未曾见过的全新形式)”可知，团队开展了大范围、高强度的野外工作。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“Still, Grinter insists that data alone is not enough. “The next key step is to collect and keep specimens in a proper way, which makes scientific research possible.” Museums, he says, are like “storehouses of life” — they keep scientific evidence safe over time and ensure that experiments can be repeated and confirmed.(不过，格林特坚持认为，仅有数据是不够的。“接下来的关键步骤是采用恰当的方式收集并保存样本，这才使得科学研究成为可能。”他说，博物馆就像“生命的仓库”——它们能长期妥善保存科学证据，并确保实验能够被重复和验证)”可知，第五段核心句为Grinter 的观点“数据本身远远不够，下一步关键是用正确的方式收集和保存标本，这才让科学研究成为可能”，后续补充了博物馆作为标本储存库的价值，全段围绕“保存标本的重要性”展开。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。全文讲述了Grinter因童年对昆虫的好奇心，逐步深耕生物多样性研究领域，最终取得专业成就的故事，“Curiosity is the mother of success.(好奇心是成功之母)”符合题意。故选D。 Passage 11 Four Medical Scientists Who Changed the World Alexander Fleming(1881-1955) Scottish scientist Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928. After returning from vacation, he noticed that mold in a petri dish had killed bacteria. This accidental discovery led to the development of antibiotics(抗生素), which have saved millions of lives since then. During World War II, penicillin was widely used to treat wounded soldiers and became known as a “wonder drug”. Fleming received the Nobel Prize in 1945 for his important work. Louis Pasteur(1822-1895) This French chemist proved that germs cause disease, changing our understanding of illness. He developed vaccines for rabies and anthrax, helping to prevent deadly infections. His pasteurization process, which kills harmful bacteria in milk and wine by heating them, is still used worldwide today. Pasteur’s germ theory laid the foundation for modern microbiology and changed how doctors treat patients. John Snow(1813-1858) English doctor Snow helped stop a deadly cholera outbreak in London in 1854. By carefully mapping cases on a street map, he proved that polluted water from a public pump spread the disease, not the popular belief of “bad air”. His work founded modern epidemiology(流行病学) —  the study of how diseases spread — and led to major improvements in public health systems. Tu Youyou(1930 present) Inspired by traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese scientist Tu Youyou discovered artemisinin in the 1970s. After testing over 2,000 traditional recipes, she finally found a treatment for malaria(疟疾) in sweet wormwood. This drug has saved millions of lives in developing countries, especially in Africa. In 2015, she became the first Chinese scientist to win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, bringing traditional medicine into modern science. 1．What do Alexander Fleming and Tu Youyou have in common? A．Both discovered antibiotics by accident. B．Both worked mainly during World War II. C．Both won the Nobel Prize for their work. D．Both studied traditional Chinese medicine. 2．What can be inferred from the text? A．Tu Youyou’s research was inspired by Louis Pasteur’s work. B．John Snow’s method helped establish a new field of medical study. C．Louis Pasteur’s theory mainly influenced the treatment of malaria. D．Alexander Fleming’s discovery was based on years of planned experiments. 3．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To compare traditional and modern medical approaches. B．To prove that accidents are important in medical research. C．To explain how Nobel Prize winners made their discoveries. D．To show how scientific contributions have improved global health. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍四位医学科学家的重大贡献，这些成果拯救无数生命、推动全球公共健康发展。 1．细节理解题。根据Alexander Fleming(1881-1955)中“Fleming received the Nobel Prize in 1945 for his important work.(弗莱明于 1945 年因其重要工作而获得诺贝尔奖。)”以及Tu Youyou(1930 present)中“In 2015, she became the first Chinese scientist to win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, bringing traditional medicine into modern science.(2015 年，她成为首位获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的中国科学家，将传统医学带入了现代科学领域。)”可知，亚历山大·弗莱明和屠呦呦都获得了诺贝尔奖。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据John Snow(1813-1858)中“His work founded modern epidemiology(流行病学) — the study of how diseases spread — and led to major improvements in public health systems.(他的工作开创了现代流行病学——即研究疾病传播方式的学科——并促成了公共卫生体系的重大改进。)”可推知，约翰·斯诺的方法帮助开辟了一个新的医学研究领域。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章标题“Four Medical Scientists Who Changed the World(四位改变世界的医学科学家)”并通读全文可知，文章介绍四位医学科学家的重大贡献，这些成果拯救无数生命、推动全球公共健康发展。提出可推知，这篇文章的主要目的是展示科学贡献如何改善全球健康状况。故选D项。 Passage 12 If you take a walk through a Pittsburgh city park, you might come across a group of goats (山羊) eating poison ivy, one type of plants harmful to the ecosystem (生态系统). It is part of an experiment (实验). By eating a lot of plants, goats greatly cut down the plants that need to be treated with herbicides (除草剂). Herbicides are traditionally used to clear out unwanted plants. There is glyphosate in many herbicides, which is reported to lead to cancer — a serious illness. Herbicides can remain in the soil and on plants, and during rain, they are washed into streams and rivers, further polluting the ecosystem. There’s a need for goats all across the U.S., including California and New Mexico, where they help in wildfire prevention. Goats are sure-footed, and they enjoy climbing up and getting to the plants that are difficult for humans to clear away. They prefer woody plants, soft shoots and bushes (灌木丛) compared with other plant-eaters, such as cows, who are happy with grasses and low-lying plants. This makes goats perfect for clearing areas of high-growing woody plants that strengthen wildfires. However, there are challenges in using goats. Their hairs are thin, which means they couldn’t work outside in cold winter. Goats can break seeds (种子) of harmful plants down in their stomachs, so they don’t spread the plants they’re eating, but this also makes them easy to suffer from stomach illnesses. But when you think about the bigger picture, these problems are just small. One good thing that came from Pittsburgh’s goat experiment was the public interest it received. After the experiment finished, many other cities wanted to know how they could start a similar project. People, it turns out, also like goats. Park visitors love seeing the goats at work. Their presence brings a lot of joy and adds to the park experience! 1．Why are goats used in some city parks in the U.S.? A．To study their eating habits. B．To cut down the costs on herbicides. C．To attract more tourists to the parks. D．To deal with harmful plants in a natural way. 2．What can we infer about goats from paragraph 3? A．They are no better at climbing than cows. B．They prefer low-lying plants to woody bushes. C．They help prevent wildfires by eating specific plants. D．They are mainly raised in California and New Mexico. 3．What is the public’s attitude towards the goat project? A．Positive. B．Worried. C．Uncaring. D．Unclear. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A．The Disadvantages of Using Herbicides in Parks B．How Goats Help Protect the Ecosystem in the U.S. C．Different Ways to Prevent Wildfires Across the U.S. D．How Pittsburgh’s Park Experiment Was Carried Out 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国部分城市公园引入山羊来清除有害植物、保护生态系统的做法，以及该做法的优势、挑战和公众反响。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“If you take a walk through a Pittsburgh city park, you might come across a group of goats eating poison ivy, one type of plants harmful to the ecosystem. It is part of an experiment.(如果你在匹兹堡的城市公园散步，可能会遇到一群山羊在吃毒藤——一种对生态系统有害的植物。这是一项实验的一部分。)”和第二段“By eating a lot of plants, goats greatly cut down the plants that need to be treated with herbicides.(通过大量进食植物，山羊大幅减少了需要用除草剂处理的植物数量。)”可知，美国一些城市公园使用山羊是为了以自然方式处理有害植物。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“They prefer woody plants, soft shoots and bushes compared with other plant-eaters, such as cows, who are happy with grasses and low-lying plants. This makes goats perfect for clearing areas of high-growing woody plants that strengthen wildfires.(与其他食草动物如喜欢草和低矮植物的牛相比，山羊更喜欢木本植物、嫩枝和灌木丛。这使得山羊非常适合清理那些会加剧野火的高大木本植物区域。)”可知，山羊通过食用特定植物来帮助预防野火。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“One good thing that came from Pittsburgh’s goat experiment was the public interest it received. After the experiment finished, many other cities wanted to know how they could start a similar project. People, it turns out, also like goats. Park visitors love seeing the goats at work.(匹兹堡山羊实验带来的一个好处是获得了公众的关注。实验结束后，许多其他城市想知道如何启动类似的项目。事实证明，人们也喜欢山羊。公园游客喜欢看山羊工作。)”可知，公众对山羊项目的态度是积极的。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“If you take a walk through a Pittsburgh city park, you might come across a group of goats eating poison ivy, one type of plants harmful to the ecosystem. It is part of an experiment.(如果你在匹兹堡的城市公园散步，可能会遇到一群山羊在吃毒藤——一种对生态系统有害的植物。这是一项实验的一部分。)”、第二段“By eating a lot of plants, goats greatly cut down the plants that need to be treated with herbicides.(通过大量进食植物，山羊大幅减少了需要用除草剂处理的植物数量。)”以及第三段“There’s a need for goats all across the U.S., including California and New Mexico, where they help in wildfire prevention.(美国各地都需要山羊，包括加利福尼亚州和新墨西哥州，在那里它们有助于预防野火。)”可知，文章主要围绕山羊如何帮助保护美国的生态系统展开，因此“How Goats Help Protect the Ecosystem in the U.S.(山羊如何助力保护美国的生态系统)”是最适合的标题。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $