Unit5 Music 语法导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第二册

Unit5 语法归纳：过去分词作表语和状语 【语境感悟】 阅读以下有关 "音乐" 的短文，感知加黑部分，并回答其后的问题。 Music has a magical power. When I hear my favourite song,I'm immediately 1.excited. The lyrics often touch my heart.2Played loudly, energetic pop music makes me want to dance. Last weekend, I was at a concert.3 Surrounded by enthusiastic fans, I felt a strong sense of belonging. The singer's voice,accompanied by a band,was simply amazing.4Tired as I was from a long day, the music made me feel 5refreshed. 【自主发现】以上语段中，2、3 为过去分词作___________；1、4、5 为过去分词作___________ 【语法图解】 过去分词的用法 过去分词作表语 过去分词作表语的功能 过去分词作表语与被动结构的区别 现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别 过去分词 (短语) 作状语 过去分词 (短语) 作状语的功能 过去分词 (短语) 作状语时的位置 过去分词 (短语) 和状语从句及并列句的变换 "连词 + 过去分词 (短语)" 省略结构作状语 过去分词 (短语) 与现在分词 (短语) 作状语的区别 【语法精析】 1、 过去分词作表语 1. 意义：用在系动词后面，构成系表结构，表示主语所处的状态，此时过去分词大多已变成了形容词。 如：I felt confused,even bored. 我感到迷惑不解，甚至感到厌烦。 We were encouraged when hearing the news. 听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。 2. 过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。这一结构从形式上与被动语态相同，但被动语态强调主语所承受的动作。试比较： The book is well written. 这本书写得很好。The book was written by a soldier. 这本书是由一位士兵写的。 3. 感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别。英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即 "令人有某种感觉的", 多用来修饰物；其过去分词含有被动意义，即 "人被引起某种感觉的", 多用来指人、人的声音、笑容或表情等。常用的这类词有：(surprising 令人吃惊的 surprised 感到吃惊的 discouraging 令人泄气的 discouraged 泄气的) 如：We were surprised at what he said at the meeting. 我们对他在会上讲的话很是惊讶。 His words were discouraging,which made many people lose heart. 他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。 2、 过去分词 (短语) 作状语 1. 过去分词 (短语) 作状语的具体用法表示被动的或完成的动作，这时句子的主语和过去分词之间为逻辑上的被动关系。如：Written in a hurry,this article was not so good. 这篇文章写得匆忙，不是很好。 2. 过去分词 (短语) 作状语时的位置过去分词作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。如：Told that his mother was ill,Li Lei hurried home quickly.(原因状语) 得知母亲生病了，李雷迅速赶回了家。 The old man walked into the room,supported by his son.(方式状语) 老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。 3. 过去分词 (短语) 通常在句中作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语、方式状语和伴随状语等，可以转化成相应的状语从句或并列句。 (1) 过去分词 (短语) 作时间状语，在句中相当于一个时间状语从句。 如：Asked about his address (=When he was asked about his address),the little boy didn't respond. 当被问及他的地址时，小男孩没有作答。 (2) 过去分词 (短语) 作原因状语，在句中相当于一个原因状语从句。如：Annoyed at the decision (=As he was annoyed at the decision),he refused to attend the meeting. 由于对这个决定很生气，他拒绝参加会议。 (3) 过去分词 (短语) 作条件状语，在句中相当于一个条件状语从句。如：Given more time (=If they were given more time), the trees could grow taller. 如果再多给一点时间，这些树会长得更高。Heated to a high temperature (=If it is heated to a high temperature), water will change into vapour. 如果加热到高温，水就能变成蒸气。 (4) 过去分词 (短语) 作让步状语，在句中相当于一个让步状语从句。如：Left ( = Although he was left) alone at home, John didn't feel afraid at all. 虽然约翰被单独留在家里，但他一点都不害怕。 (5) 过去分词 (短语) 作方式、伴随状语，可以转化为并列句。如：Followed by a group of students,the teacher entered the classroom.= The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of students. 老师走进教室，后面跟着一群学生。 4. 过去分词 (短语) 作状语时，前面有时可以加上 when,if,while,though,even if,until,unless 等连词，这种结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句 (省略部分多为 "主语 + be 的多种形式")。需要注意的是，省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同或是 it。如：Even if invited (=Even if I'm invited),I won't take part in the party. 即使受到邀请，我也不会参加这个聚会。 5. 过去分词 (短语) 与现在分词 (短语) 作状语的区别。过去分词 (短语) 与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；现在分词 (短语) 与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。 助记：分词作状语，主语是问题；前后两动作，共用一主语；主语找出后，再来判关系；主动用 - ing, 被动用 - ed。如：Used for a long time,the book looks old.(动宾关系) 由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。 Using the book,I find it very useful.(主谓关系) 在使用这本书时，我发现它非常有用。 注意：无论是现在分词还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。 【相关拓展】部分过去分词源于系表结构，作状语时不表示 "被动关系"。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有:seated (坐着的),hidden (躲着),lost/absorbed in (沉溺于), dressed in (穿着),tired of (厌烦) 等。如：Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, she didn't hear the sound. 由于陷入沉思，她没有听到那个声音。Dressed in a new dress,she looks very beautiful. 穿着一条新连衣裙，她看上去很漂亮。 【实战演练】 单句填空 1. __________________(complete) in 1931,the Empire State Building,the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination of the world. 2. First __________________(celebrate) in1970,the Earth Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions. 3. Ordinary soap, __________________(use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. 4. We're __________________(amaze) at the changes and convenience brought by artificial intelligence. 5. I am also __________________(impress) with those volunteers,who used lots of items to help the disabled. 6. The shop assistant looked very__________________ (embarrass) and said that it was a cheap one. 7. While waiting for the opportunity to get__________________ (promote),Henry did his best to perform his duty. 8. Highly __________________(interest) in music, Henry began to write original compositions when he was in high school. 9. __________________(found) in 1896, Tredona school is proud of its long list of past outstanding students. 10. __________________(face) with so much trouble,we failed to complete the task in time. 11. I became __________________(interest) in playing football thanks to a small accident. 12. One was that I was __________________(amaze) at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor. 13. Nervously__________________ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words "Be yourself". 14. Ladies and gentlemen, please remain__________________ (seat) until the plane has come to a complete stop. 15. I felt greatly __________________(honor) when he picked me as his successor. 16. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become __________________(educate). 17. After the heavy rain, many cars got __________________(catch) in the mud. 18. Once__________________(lose), such a chance might never come again. 19. __________________(find) out more about university courses, call (920)746-3789. 20. Though __________________(surprise) to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome. 21. __________________(gather) around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people. 语法与写作 1. _____________________________________________,I am writing to express my heartfelt gratitude for your timely help during my difficult days.（应用文写作之感谢信）被您的善良和慷慨所感动，我写信来表达对您在我困难时期给予的及时帮助的衷心感谢。 2. ____________________________________________and the rude service from the staff,I am writing to submit a formal complaint.（应用文写作之投诉信）对产品质量差和工作人员的粗鲁服务感到失望，我写信来提出正式投诉。 3. ____________________________________________,I believe she is the perfect candidate for this position.（应用文写作之推荐信）深信她的领导能力和团队合作精神，我认为她是这个职位的完美人选。 4. Students took part in activities like tree-planting and beach clean-up,____________________________________________.（话题写作之记事）学生们参加了植树和海滩清洁等活动，随后开了个会，在会上他们分享了自己对环境保护的想法。 5. The team had lost the game, and Jack, the team captain, was sitting on the bench,____________________________. （读后续写之情绪描写）球队输掉了这场比赛，队长杰克坐在长椅上，感到很沮丧。 参考答案 （自主发现） 状语，表语 （实战演练） 1. Completed 2. celebrated 3. used 4. amazed 5. impressed 6.embarrassed 7. promoted 8. interested 9. Founded 10. Faced 11.interested  12.amazed  13.facing  14.seated 15.honored 16.educated 17.caught 18.lost 19.To find  20.surprised 21.Gathering  语法与写作 1. Touched by your kindness and generosity 2. Disappointed with the poor quality of the product 3. Convinced of her leadership skills and teamwork spirit 4. followed by a meeting 5. feeling frustrated 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $