专题03 阅读理解 说明文（期中真题汇编，福建专用）高二英语下学期

专题03 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·福建福州一中·期中） During the Spring Festival, Ne Zha 2 has become a phenomenon-level animated film, with cinema attendance rate reaching over 90%. When Ne Zha and Ao Bing had a fierce battle with Infinite Immortal, the vivid sound effects made me feel as if I were right there on the scene. Suddenly, a question popped into my mind: How were these impressive sounds created? Out of curiosity, I started searching back home and then entered the mysterious world of Foley artists. The term Foley was coined in memory of Jack Foley and his contribution to the art of sound effects. When sound effects were first added into movies, he innovated a unique way of creating sound effects, recording sounds onto a single track of audio and adding them to actions happening on the screen accordingly. Foley artists are like magicians of sound, adding vitality to films. Their working scenes seem simple but are filled with all kinds of tools and equipment. Ordinary objects are often transformed into precise sound effects: Shaking an umbrella can simulate (模拟) the howling of a violent storm. Even though Foley artists often work behind the scenes, their cooperation with actors is crucial to getting the essence of a film. “You have to act the scene…You have to be the actors and get into the spirit of the story the same as the actors did, on the set. It makes a big difference,” Jack Foley once stressed. In general, attention to detail is fundamental to successful Foley artists. They also need to have the ability to recreate sounds themselves, which requires creativity and imagination. Getting the perfect sound requires trial and error, which is why patience and persistence are equally important. In order to simulate the sound of a character running in the mud, Foley artists have to try countless materials, constantly adjusting the force and rhythm of stepping. As I was digging deep, titles like “Fewer than 100 Foley Artists Remain Active Worldwide” indeed struck me hard. I found the sad truth that while Foley work is an incredible addition to movies, the small number of working artists today may put it on the path to becoming a dying art. However, Foley work, to my relief, may change as virtual reality develops. Next time you’re watching a movie, remember those subtle sounds. They are like secret messages from Foley artists, reminding us they' re always there. 1. What contribution did Jack Foley make to the film industry? A. He pioneered sound effect creation. B. He invented recording equipment. C. He improved background music. D. He advanced live recording methods. 2. What did Jack Foley value most in his work? A. Practising trial and error. B. Working closely with actors. C. Being sensitive to details. D. Stimulating active imagination. 3. What does the last paragraph suggest? A. Foley work is becoming unnecessary with new tools B. Modern audiences clearly understand Foley work. C. Foley artists may be fully replaced by virtual reality. D. Foley work may be reshaped in the future. 4. What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To persuade readers to engage in Foley work. B. To introduce Foley work and explain its importance. C. To explore the reasons for Ne Zha 2’s success. D. To highlight future challenges in Foley work. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了拟音师(Foley artists)的工作及其在电影制作中的重要性，同时探讨了这一行业的现状与未来。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The term Foley was coined in memory of Jack Foley and his contribution to the art of sound effects. When sound effects were first added into movies, he innovated a unique way of creating sound effects, recording sounds onto a single track of audio and adding them to actions happening on the screen accordingly. (“拟音”这个词是为了纪念杰克·福利和他对音效艺术的贡献而创造的。当音效第一次被添加到电影中时，他创新了一种独特的音效制作方法，将声音录制到一条音轨上，并相应地添加到屏幕上发生的动作中)”可知，杰克·福利对电影业的贡献是他开创了音效创作。故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Even though Foley artists often work behind the scenes, their cooperation with actors is crucial to getting the essence of a film. “You have to act the scene…You have to be the actors and get into the spirit of the story the same as the actors did, on the set. It makes a big difference,” Jack Foley once stressed.(尽管拟音师通常在幕后工作，但他们与演员的合作对于捕捉电影的精髓至关重要。杰克·福利曾经强调过：“你必须表演这个场景……你必须和演员一样，在片场进入故事的精神状态。这有很大的不同”)”可知，杰克·福利在工作中最看重的是与演员密切合作。故选B。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However, Foley work, to my relief, may change as virtual reality develops.(然而，令我欣慰的是，随着虚拟现实技术的发展，拟音工作可能会发生变化)”可推知，最后一段暗示了拟音工作在未来可能会发生变化，会被重塑。故选D。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Suddenly, a question popped into my mind: How were these impressive sounds created? Out of curiosity, I started searching back home and then entered the mysterious world of Foley artists.(突然，一个问题出现在我的脑海里：这些令人印象深刻的声音是如何产生的？出于好奇，我开始在家搜索，然后进入了拟音师的神秘世界)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了拟音师的工作，说明了拟音师在电影制作中的重要性以及他们的工作方式，还提到了拟音工作可能在未来随着虚拟现实技术的发展而发生变化，由此可推知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是介绍拟音工作并解释其重要性。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下·福建福州联盟校·期中） We all know the routine by heart: “Please ensure your seats are in the upright position, folding tables are closed, window shades are up, laptops are stored in the overhead bins and electronic devices are set to flight mode.” Now, the first four are reasonable, right? Window shades need to be up so we can see if there is an emergency. Folding tables need to be closed and seats upright so we can get out of the row quickly. Laptops can become dangerous in an emergency, as the seat back pockets are not strong enough to contain them. But why are airplane passengers asked to put their phones in airplane mode? According to the FAA website’s Safety Information page, “The FCC and FAA restrict the use of cell phones for airborne because their signals could interfere (干扰) with critical aircraft instruments. Devices must be used in airplane mode. You may use the Wi-Fi connection on your device if the plane has an installed Wi-Fi system and the airline allows its use.” If passengers don’t switch to airplane mode in-flight, the concern is that a phone’s radio transmissions could get in the way of the systems that planes use during the fight. What’s more, if the captain considers it necessary for safety, such as in a reduced-visibility landing, they have the authority to tell passengers to switch off their phones completely to make absolutely sure they don’t interfere with on-board communications and navigation (导航) equipment. However, the rules are different in different countries. This depends on the communications technology used in different countries and their airline safety regulations. 1. Where can the words in paragraph 1 probably be heard? A. On the bus. B. On the subway. C. On the street. D. On the plane. 2. How are the passengers likely to feel about the routine according to paragraph 2? A. Worried. B. Confused. C. Embarrassed. D. Disappointed. 3. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. Why Wi-Fi can be used on planes. B. How the FAA’s safety department works. C. Why phones are required to be in airplane mode. D. What rights passengers have on the plane. 4. Which section of a newspaper is the text most probably taken from? A. Travel. B. Sport. C. Environment. D. Art. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了飞机上的一些常规要求，并解释了为什么要遵守这些要求。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Please ensure your seats are in the upright position, folding tables are closed, window shades are up, laptops are stored in the overhead bins and electronic devices are set to flight mode.(请确保您的座椅处于直立位置，折叠桌已关闭，遮阳板已升起，笔记本电脑已存放在头顶行李箱中，电子设备已设置为飞行模式。)”可知，这句话是飞机起飞前，乘务员对乘客的常规提醒，因此，这句话最有可能在飞机上听到。故选D。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Now, the first four are reasonable, right? Window shades need to be up so we can see if there is an emergency. Folding tables need to be closed and seats upright so we can get out of the row quickly. Laptops can become dangerous in an emergency, as the seat back pockets are not strong enough to contain them. But why are airplane passengers asked to put their phones in airplane mode?(现在，前四个要求是合理的，对吧？遮阳板需要升起，这样我们才能看到是否有紧急情况。折叠桌需要关闭，座椅需要直立，这样我们才能迅速从座位上站起来。笔记本电脑在紧急情况下可能会变得危险，因为座椅背面的口袋不够结实，无法容纳它们。但是为什么飞机上的乘客被要求将手机设置为飞行模式呢？)”可知，乘客对前四个要求是理解的，但对将手机设置为飞行模式的要求感到困惑。故选B。 【3题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“According to the FAA website’s Safety Information page, “The FCC and FAA restrict the use of cell phones for airborne because their signals could interfere (干扰) with critical aircraft instruments. Devices must be used in airplane mode. You may use the Wi-Fi connection on your device if the plane has an installed Wi-Fi system and the airline allows its use.”(根据FAA网站的安全信息页面，“FCC和FAA限制在飞机上使用手机，因为它们的信号可能会干扰关键的飞机仪器。设备必须使用飞行模式。如果飞机上安装了Wi-Fi系统，并且航空公司允许使用，你可以使用设备上的Wi-Fi连接。”)”可知，第三段主要解释了为什么手机被要求设置为飞行模式。故选C。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。文章主要介绍了飞机上的一些常规要求，并解释了为什么要遵守这些要求，这些内容都与旅行相关，因此这篇文章最有可能来自报纸的旅行部分。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下·福建福州联盟校·期中） An art exhibition that combines scientific knowledge with creative inspiration was recently presented in Albany. The exhibition featured artworks from MIX Artists in the Great Southern that showcased unique art-science cooperation between contemporary artists and marine (海洋的) scientists working in the region. The waters of the south coast and around Albany are well-known for their unique diversity of plants and animals, and the works conveyed important marine science knowledge and current research to a broad audience. The Western Australian Marine Science Institution (WAMSI) provided opportunities for the artists to learn from marine scientists through talks, presentations and field trips. The artists also followed up with ongoing self-research and observation of their environment. Dr Jenny Shaw, WAMSI Research Director, said, “It’s been a great opportunity to move science into the community and also see different interpretations of marine research topics.” The scientists benefited from explaining their work to different audiences, and the interest from the artists was incredibly high, contributing to a shared appreciation for the marine environment. MIX Artists coordinator Annette Davis said the cooperation gave the artists fantastic insight into another world, and working with the scientists was fundamental to how the artworks had developed. “Responding with intuition (直觉), curiosity and imagination, the artists have interpreted their findings through chosen materials and techniques and created artworks to help move this understanding into the wider community,” Davis said. The pursuit of marine science inspired some artists, whose artworks often centre around the finely-balanced coastal environment and the impact of structural change. Catherine Higham used seagrass and bamboo to make a large listening horn (喇叭) to listen to underwater life. Christine Baker’s work, titled Micro Plastic Menu, was inspired by a talk on microplastic pollution and how it enters food chains. 1. How did WAMSI assist the artists? A. By aiding in materials creation. B. By providing technical guidance. C. By offering a platform for art sales. D. By organizing educational events. 2. What can we infer from the text? A. The art exhibition of scientists is very eye-catching. B. People are much more interested in science than in art. C. The participation of artists contributes to the spread of marine knowledge. D. Artists should go into the classroom to learn cultural knowledge. 3. Why is the work Micro Plastic Menu mentioned in the text? A. To highlight the personal experiences of the artist. B. To illustrate that artists draw inspiration from science. C. To demonstrate the use of technology in contemporary art. D. To emphasize the role of art in environmental conservation. 4. Which is the best title for the text? A. An Art Exhibition by a Famous Marine Artist. B. A Cooperative Art and Marine Science Exhibition. C. An Exhibition Showcasing Traditional Art Forms. D. A Conference Discussing Marine Science Advancements. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个艺术展览，艺术作品展示了当代艺术家和海洋科学家之间独特的艺术科学合作。该展览向广大观众传达了重要的海洋科学知识和当前的研究。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The Western Australian Marine Science Institution (WAMSI) provided opportunities for the artists to learn from marine scientists through talks, presentations and field trips.(西澳大利亚海洋科学研究所（WAMSI）为艺术家们提供了通过讲座、演讲和实地考察向海洋科学家学习的机会。)”可知，WAMSI通过组织教育活动来帮助艺术家。故选D。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“The scientists benefited from explaining their work to different audiences, and the interest from the artists was incredibly high, contributing to a shared appreciation for the marine environment.(科学家们从向不同的受众阐释自己的研究工作中获益匪浅，而艺术家们对此表现出了极高的兴趣，这有助于大家对海洋环境形成一种共同的珍视之情。)”以及第四段“Responding with intuition (直觉), curiosity and imagination, the artists have interpreted their findings through chosen materials and techniques and created artworks to help move this understanding into the wider community(艺术家们凭借直觉、好奇心和想象力，通过选定的材料和技术诠释他们的发现，并创作艺术作品，帮助将这种理解传播到更广泛的社区。)”可推知，艺术家的参与有助于海洋知识的传播。故选C。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The pursuit of marine science inspired some artists, whose artworks often centre around the finely-balanced coastal environment and the impact of structural change.(对海洋科学的探索激发了一些艺术家的创作灵感，他们的艺术作品常常围绕着微妙平衡的沿海环境以及结构变化所带来的影响展开。)”可推断，文中提到《微塑料菜单》这个作品是为了说明艺术家从科学中汲取灵感。故选B。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“An art exhibition that combines scientific knowledge with creative inspiration was recently presented in Albany. The exhibition featured artworks from MIX Artists in the Great Southern that showcased unique art-science cooperation between contemporary artists and marine (海洋的) scientists working in the region. The waters of the south coast and around Albany are well-known for their unique diversity of plants and animals, and the works conveyed important marine science knowledge and current research to a broad audience.(最近在奥尔巴尼举办了一个将科学知识与创作灵感相结合的艺术展览。该展览展出了来自大南方MIX艺术家的作品，展示了当代艺术家和在该地区工作的海洋科学家之间独特的艺术科学合作。南海岸和奥尔巴尼附近的水域以其独特的动植物多样性而闻名，这些作品向广大观众传达了重要的海洋科学知识和当前的研究。)”和全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一个艺术展览，艺术作品展示了当代艺术家和海洋科学家之间独特的艺术科学合作。该展览向广大观众传达了重要的海洋科学知识和当前的研究。由此可知，B选项“一个艺术与海洋科学合作展览”最符合文章标题。故选B。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高二下·福建南安·期中） The livestreaming and fast delivery industry have attracted so many young people that the industrial sector is short of manpower. “My advice is to encourage more young people to work in the factories and less in the express delivery sector,” Zhang Xinghai, a deputy to the National People’s Congress, China’s top legislature, said during the ongoing NPC annual session. Zhang wants more young people to work in the factories so that China’s manufacturing (制造业) sector continues to flourish. Whatever job young people do is a matter of choice, but the manufacturing sector is facing a labor crunch (短缺) for too many people prefer jobs in other sectors. A survey conducted by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security in the third quarter of 2021 found that of 100 jobs that were facing a manpower crunch, 58 were in the manufacturing sector. By 2025, the shortage in 10 key manufacturing industries could be as high as 30 million. It is time some strong measures were taken to attract people back to the factories. This can be done by raising the salaries of factory workers. According to a survey in Guangzhou, capital of Guangdong province, the annual income of express delivery workers in the city is more than 100,000 yuan ($15,831). In contrast, the average monthly salary of those doing blue-collar jobs in Guangdong in 2020 was just 7,108 yuan, or about 84,000 yuan a year. That gap surely needs to be reduced. Besides, the legal rights and interests of those doing blue-collar jobs need to be better protected. Express delivery workers can decide when they want to work, but factory workers have to work whenever the factory demands. Therefore, the authorities should protect factory workers’ rights to weekends, 8-hour working schedules and paid leave. Also, the promotion and salary growth structure of factory workers must be clearly defined. In a nutshell, to lure young people back to the factories, it is necessary to make blue-collar jobs more attractive. 1. What can we infer from Zhang Xinghai’s words? A. The future of the express delivery sector is hopeless. B. Working in factories in China are attractive to young people. C. Most young people are unwilling to work in the manufacturing sector. D. Working as a delivery man is quite easy for young people. 2. What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us? A. A lot of jobs in China are facing a labor crunch. B. Employment rate in China will be dramatically increased by 2025. C. There are 10 manufacturing industries facing manpower shortage in total. D. The industrial sector is facing a severe labor shortage. 3. Which is NOT the reason for manpower shortage in factories? A. Flexible working hours. B. Lower incomes. C. Undefined promotion structure. D. Unprotected legal rights. 4. What is the author’s attitude towards the current situation of manufacturing industry? A. Indifferent. B. Concerned. C. Unclear. D. Neutral. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述中国制造业劳动力短缺的现状和原因，应鼓励年轻人去工厂工作。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“My advice is to encourage more young people to work in the factories and less in the express delivery sector”（我的建议是鼓励更多的年轻人到工厂工作，更少的在快递部门工作）、第二段“Zhang wants more young people to work in the factories so that China’s manufacturing (制造业) sector continues to flourish.”（张星海希望更多的年轻人到工厂工作，这样中国的制造业才能继续繁荣。）和第三段“Whatever job young people do is a matter of choice, but the manufacturing sector is facing a labor crunch (短缺) for too many people prefer jobs in other sectors.”（无论年轻人做什么工作都是一个选择问题，但是制造业正面临着劳动力短缺的问题，因为太多的人更喜欢去其他行业的工作。）可知，制造业正面临着劳动力短缺的问题，而第一段张星海说的话正表明中国年轻人越来越不愿意到工厂里去做制造业工作。故选C。 【2题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段“A survey conducted by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security in the third quarter of 2021 found that of 100 jobs that were facing a manpower crunch, 58 were in the manufacturing sector. By 2025, the shortage in 10 key manufacturing industries could be as high as 30 million.”（人力资源和社会保障部在2021年第三季度进行的一项调查发现，在面临人力短缺的100个就业岗位中，有58个来自制造业。到2025年，10个主要制造业的短缺能高达3000万。）可知，这一段主要讲述制造业正在面临严重的劳动力短缺问题。故选D。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段“According to a survey in Guangzhou, capital of Guangdong province, the annual income of express delivery workers in the city is more than 100,000 yuan ($15,831). In contrast, the average monthly salary of those doing blue-collar jobs in Guangdong in 2020 was just 7,108 yuan, or about 84,000 yuan a year. That gap surely needs to be reduced.”（根据广东省省会广州市的一项调查，该市快递员的年收入超过10万元人民币(约合15831美元)。相比之下，2020年广东蓝领工人的平均月薪仅为7108元，约合每年8.4万元。这个差距当然需要缩小）、第七段“Besides, the legal rights and interests of those doing blue-collar jobs need to be better protected. ”（此外，从事蓝领工作的人的合法权益需要更好的保护。）和最后一段“Also, the promotion and salary growth structure of factory workers must be clearly defined.”（此外，必须明确工厂工人的晋升和工资增长结构。）可知，工厂里的蓝领工人们工资较低，合法权益没有得到更好的保护，晋升和工资增长结构不明确。这些是年轻人不愿意到工厂工作的原因，所以选项A不是。故选A。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“In a nutshell, to lure young people back to the factories, it is necessary to make blue-collar jobs more attractive.”（简而言之，为了吸引年轻人回到工厂，有必要使蓝领工作更具吸引力。）可知，作者对目前制造业的现状是很关心的。故选B。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·福师大附中·期中） “Digital switching” is a term refers to the modern habit of swiping (刷) through and fast-forwarding online videos. Researchers from Canada did some exploration of it. Kay Y.Y.Tam, a psychology researcher, launched the study after noticing herself — and pretty much everyone else — swiping through online videos. This behavior was connected with the “Boredom Feedback Model”, a theory she had published in 2021. Boredom, she proposed, is rooted in attention shifts. These shifts often occur when there’s a gap between how engaged people actually feel and how engaged they want to feel. The unpleasant emotion can develop when a situation lacks novelty or meaning. “As digital switching involves frequent attention shifts, I wondered how this behavior might influence our feelings of boredom,” Tam said. In her study, more than 1,200 participants, many of them university students, first watched a single video for ten minutes. They were then presented with seven shorter videos, with the option to skip to the next. On average, they skipped eight times — but reported feeling more bored and less engaged when they watched the single video. Participants had a similar experience in another similar experiment. “I’m convinced that switching, when it comes to videos, is not a good idea if the goal is to have an enjoyable experience,” said Erin Westgate, a professor of psychology. “Sitting and toughing it out is likely a better choice.” The new findings add to a growing body of evidence that boredom is on the rise, despite a world filled with content we can access at all times. People who are bored often turn to their phones, only to feel more bored. Swiping on social media has also been linked to increased feelings of boredom. Boredom can motivate people to explore their environment and to stop investing time in an activity that has little to offer. However, if we rely too much on quick escapes, it would be like an animal jumping from tree to tree in search of food without staying long enough to see if a tree bears fruit. That animal risks starvation. 1. What is the cause of attention shifts according to Tam’s theory? A. The feeling of boredom. B. The unsatisfied desire. C. The degree of engagement. D. The lack of emotion. 2. What does Tam’s study of “digital switching” focus on? A. Its reason. B. Its consequence. C. The theory behind it. D. The solution to it. 3. What is the main purpose of the last paragraph? A. To solve a problem. B. To make a suggestion. C. To raise a question. D. To give a warning. 4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. Digital Switching: the End of Endless Boredom B. Digital Switching: the Result of Endless Boredom C. Digital Switching: the Trap of Endless Boredom D. Digital Switching: the Root of Endless Boredom 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. D 4. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了什么是“数字转换”以及这种行为产生的原因和带来的影响。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Boredom, she proposed, is rooted in attention shifts. These shifts often occur when there’s a gap between how engaged people actually feel and how engaged they want to feel. The unpleasant emotion can develop when a situation lacks novelty or meaning.(她提出，无聊的根源在于注意力的转移。当人们实际感受到的投入程度和他们想要感受到的投入程度之间存在差距时，这些转移就会发生。当情况缺乏新意或意义时，这种不愉快的情绪就会产生)”可知，根据Tam的理论，注意力转移的原因是未满足的欲望。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段““As digital switching involves frequent attention shifts, I wondered how this behavior might influence our feelings of boredom,” Tam said.(“由于数字切换涉及到频繁的注意力转移，我想知道这种行为会如何影响我们的无聊感，”Tam说)”可知，Tam对“数字转移”的研究重点是最终导致的结果。故选B。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Boredom can motivate people to explore their environment and to stop investing time in an activity that has little to offer. However, if we rely too much on quick escapes, it would be like an animal jumping from tree to tree in search of food without staying long enough to see if a tree bears fruit. That animal risks starvation.(无聊可以激励人们去探索周围的环境，停止在没有什么意义的活动上投入时间。然而，如果我们过于依赖快速逃跑，就会像一只动物从一棵树跳到另一棵树去寻找食物，而没有停留足够长的时间来看看一棵树是否结果。那只动物有饿死的危险)”可知，最后一段的主要目的是给出警告。故选D。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段““Digital switching” is a term refers to the modern habit of swiping (刷) through and fast-forwarding online videos. Researchers from Canada did some exploration of it.(“数字转换”是一个术语，指的是在网络视频中快速切换的现代习惯。来自加拿大的研究人员对此进行了一些探索)”结合文章主要解释了什么是“数字转换”以及这种行为产生的原因和带来的影响可知，C选项“数字转换：无尽无聊的陷阱”最符合文章标题。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下·福建莆田八中·期中） Following its move into podcasting (播客) two years ago, streaming platform Spotify started an audiobook (有声书) business. Though it has yet to start making its own recordings, last autumn it made a deal for 200,000 audiobooks to be available to its VIP users. Not to be beaten, Amazon-owned Audible, which had been used to being the market leader, upped its game, hiring Oscar-winning director Sam Mendes to record multi-voice versions (版本 ) of Dickens’ novels Oliver Twist and David Copperfield, and announcing last month that it had reached an agreement for a recording of J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter series, voiced by more than 100 actors and featuring a “groundbreaking new soundscape”. Dramatised audiobooks are not an entirely new phenomenon. The use of multiple voices made them accessible to readers who might not have had the patience for the written versions. For example, George Saunders’s Lincoln in the Bardo, which surrounded the dead son of Abraham Lincoln with a group of spirit voices, became a great game of “spot the big name”. Even single-voice readings can significantly change literature in which style is at the heart. Lucy Ellmann’s hit Ducks, Newburyport, is a case in point: a thousand-page stream of an Ohio woman’s thoughts, written in a single sentence. It unfolds on audio as a 45-hour monologue (独白), which is not the same thing at all, if only because an actor needs to breathe. To say that audio versions are different does not mean they are not as good as printed texts, as brain scans (扫描) have shown that they excite the same parts of the brain. Additionally, listening to stories makes hearts beat stronger than watching them, according to a latest study. For people with dyslexia (阅读障碍), they can even be a lifeline — as they can be for those who do not have time for, or the habit of, reading books. So while we celebrate what audiobooks have in common with their printed versions — both enable the brain to create its own pictures in a world where pre-produced images too often do all the work for us — we should also recognize that they are translations into a different medium, even when read by the authors themselves. What is certain is that there is room for both. 1. What strategy did Audible use to maintain its market leader position? A. Creating its own prize-winning audiobook content. B. Focusing on single-voice audiobook productions. C. Offering low-priced audiobooks to its new customers. D. Inviting a well-known director to record classic novels. 2. How does the author present the effects of different versions of audiobooks? A. By giving examples. B. By sharing readers’ experiences. C. By presenting data. D. By referring to experts’ words. 3. What is the purpose of the last but one paragraph? A. To show the advantages of audiobooks. B. To compare audiobooks with printed texts. C. To inform readers of findings about audiobooks. D. To stress audiobooks’ value in treating dyslexia. 4. What is the author’s view on the future of audiobooks and printed texts? A. It depends on the choices of readers. B. Both of them hold the future of reading. C. Audiobook popularity is not expected to last. D. Audiobooks will eventually replace printed texts. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. A 4. B 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，文章讨论了有声书的兴起及其与印刷书籍的差异，强调两者各有优势，未来将共存。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Not to be beaten, Amazon-owned Audible, which had been used to being the market leader, upped its game, hiring Oscar-winning director Sam Mendes to record multi-voice versions (版本 ) of Dickens’ novels Oliver Twist and David Copperfield, and announcing last month that it had reached an agreement for a recording of J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter series, voiced by more than 100 actors and featuring a “groundbreaking new soundscape”.(亚马逊旗下的Audible公司也不甘被打败，它一直以来都是市场的领导者。该公司也提升了自己的水平，聘请了奥斯卡获奖导演萨姆·门德斯为狄更斯的小说《雾都孤儿》和《大卫·科波菲尔》录制多声部版本，并于上月宣布与J. K. 罗琳的《哈利·波特》系列唱片达成协议，由100多名演员配音，并以“突破性的新音景”为特色)”可知，Audible公司邀请了知名导演录制经典小说来保持市场领先地位。故选D。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“For example, George Saunders’s Lincoln in the Bardo, which surrounded the dead son of Abraham Lincoln with a group of spirit voices, became a great game of “spot the big name”.(例如，乔治·桑德斯的《林肯在中阴界》中，亚伯拉罕·林肯死去的儿子被一群灵魂的声音包围，成为一个伟大的“发现大人物”的游戏)”及第四段“Lucy Ellmann’s hit Ducks, Newburyport, is a case in point: a thousand-page stream of an Ohio woman’s thoughts, written in a single sentence. It unfolds on audio as a 45-hour monologue (独白), which is not the same thing at all, if only because an actor needs to breathe.(露西·埃尔曼的热门作品《鸭子，纽伯里波特》就是一个很好的例子：一个俄亥俄女人用一句话写了一千页的思想流。它以一段45小时的音频独白展开，这完全不是一回事，因为演员需要呼吸)”可知，作者通过具体案例呈现有声书的效果。故选A。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“To say that audio versions are different does not mean they are not as good as printed texts, as brain scans (扫描) have shown that they excite the same parts of the brain. Additionally, listening to stories makes hearts beat stronger than watching them, according to a latest study. For people with dyslexia (阅读障碍), they can even be a lifeline — as they can be for those who do not have time for, or the habit of, reading books.(说音频版本不同并不意味着它们不如印刷文本好，因为脑部扫描显示，它们刺激的是大脑的相同部分。此外，根据一项最新研究，听故事比看故事更能让人心跳加快。对于有阅读障碍的人来说，他们甚至可以成为生命线——就像他们可以成为那些没有时间或没有读书习惯的人一样)”可知，本段展示了有声读物的优势。故选A。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“So while we celebrate what audiobooks have in common with their printed versions — both enable the brain to create its own pictures in a world where pre-produced images too often do all the work for us — we should also recognize that they are translations into a different medium, even when read by the authors themselves. What is certain is that there is room for both.(因此，当我们庆祝有声书与纸质书的共同之处时——两者都能让大脑在一个预先制作的图像经常为我们做所有工作的世界里创造自己的图像——我们也应该认识到，它们被翻译成一种不同的媒介，即使是作者自己读的。可以肯定的是，两者都有发展空间)”可知，作者认为有声书和纸质书都掌握着阅读的未来。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下·福建泉州七中·期中） While AI can beat us at chess, driving cars, and even composing music, making us laugh seems to be its final boundary. My musical comedy, Artificially Intelligent, was inspired by the time I asked AI to write me a show based on my life, and it gave me some madly terrible results. I performed some of its materials in the show, and I even made AI write a song for an audience member live on the spot, and it was always funny in its terribleness. It generated songs telling the audience member who is a doctor to hit the eyes of her co-worker who she is always arguing with. However, this wasn’t independent thinking; we had to feed AI as much information as possible to get any results from it. When it comes to actually getting AI to craft jokes on its own, it can’t. The problem with AI and comedy is its lack of human nuance (细微差别) for humor. AI might be able to create a joke structure, but it does not have the ability to pull from personal experience. It lacks a point of view, situational awareness, context, and cultural awareness needed for good comedy. Irony (讽刺), a complex form of human communication, is hard for AI because of its reliance on context, tone, and cultural knowledge. Unlike humans, AI can’t infer meaning beyond clear statements. Irony involves saying one thing but meaning another, relying on shared context, but AI only processes text and can’t pick up audio and visual cues for irony. AI must signal it’s making a joke. As of now, though AI has made impressive progress in some areas, it is absolutely not funny, but in the future theoretically yes. When technology advances to the point where robots are walking around with free will and independent thinking, experiencing life and potentially even emotions, they would theoretically begin to have enough viewpoints to create comedy, or an activity that voices their experience of being an AI. However, this would create its own culture and would only be relatable to other AIs. The truth is that audience is really enjoying the AI-generated material in my show, even if the joke is bad. But — technically — does that make it funny? 1. How does the author illustrate AI’s limitation in making jokes in Paragraph 2? A. By providing data. B. By giving an example. C. By showing a survey result. D. By making a comparison. 2. What does the author try to explain in Paragraph 3? A. What AI jokes are made up of. B. How AI understands the meaning of irony. C. Why AI fails to create a good joke actually. D. Whether AI can learn from funny experiences. 3. What does the author think of AI in the future? A. It will relate its culture to humans. B. It will teach itself the theory of comedy. C. It will be free to express others’ feelings. D. It will develop its own culture of humor. 4. Which can be a suitable title for this passage? A. Will AI ever be funny? B. Is AI going to learn to laugh? C. Is AI the future of entertainment? D. Will AI be the pioneer in new fields? 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人工智能（AI）在制作幽默内容方面所面临的挑战，尤其是其在理解讽刺、细微差别和文化背景等方面的局限性以及未来的可能性。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“My musical comedy, Artificially Intelligent, was inspired by the time I asked AI to write me a show based on my life, and it gave me some madly terrible results.(我的音乐喜剧《人工智能》的灵感来自于我让人工智能根据我的生活为我写一个节目，它给了我一些非常糟糕的结果)”以及“When it comes to actually getting AI to craft jokes on its own, it can’t.(当涉及到让AI自己制作笑话时，它无法做到)”可知，作者在第二段通过举例来说明人工智能在创作笑话方面的局限性。故选B。 【2题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“The problem with AI and comedy is its lack of human nuance (细微差别) for humor.(AI和喜剧的问题在于其缺乏人类对幽默的细微差别)”以及“Irony involves saying one thing but meaning another, relying on shared context, but AI only processes text and can’t pick up audio and visual cues for irony. AI must signal it’s making a joke.(讽刺意味着说的是一件事，意思是另一件事，依赖于共享的上下文，但人工智能只处理文本，无法获取讽刺的音频和视觉线索。人工智能必须发出开玩笑的信号)”可知，本段主要解释了为什么AI实际上无法创造出好的笑话。故选C。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“When technology advances to the point where robots are walking around with free will and independent thinking, experiencing life and potentially even emotions, they would theoretically begin to have enough viewpoints to create comedy, or an activity that voices their experience of being an AI. However, this would create its own culture and would only be relatable to other AIs.(当技术进步到机器人可以自由行走、独立思考、体验生活甚至可能有情感的程度时，理论上它们就会开始有足够的观点来创作喜剧，或者通过一种活动来表达它们作为人工智能的体验。然而，这将创造自己的文化，并且只与其他AI相关)”可推知，作者认为未来的AI将会发展自身的幽默文化。故选D。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“While AI can beat us at chess, driving cars, and even composing music, making us laugh seems to be its final boundary.(虽然人工智能可以在国际象棋、驾驶汽车甚至作曲方面击败我们，但让我们发笑似乎是它的最终界限)”结合文章介绍了人工智能（AI）在制作幽默内容方面所面临的挑战，尤其是其在理解讽刺、细微差别和文化背景等方面的局限性以及未来的可能性。最佳标题应为“AI会变得幽默吗？”。故选A。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高二下·福建泉州科技中学·期中） Self-confidence is trusting in our abilities or qualities. It’s usually seen as a good thing. But is it possible that we might benefit from a little less confidence in our beliefs? For many years, Dr. Mark Leary, a neuroscientist at Duke University in Durham, N.C. , has studied the role of people’s beliefs in their behavior. He found overconfidence is very common, especially when it comes to what people believe to be true, and can lead us to disastrous decisions. In 1986, NASA believed that the risk of loss for any space flight was roughly 1 in 100,000. It was an overconfident belief and might have led to the explosion of the Challenger. The good news is that there’s a “vaccine (疫苗)” for overconfidence, and that’s what scientists call “intellectual humility”— recognizing that your beliefs could be wrong. A survey of 144 college students to measure their intellectual humility found that students who saw their thinking could be wrong tended to be more curious and more likely to seek out new knowledge. They ended up knowing more at the end of the day. But does it actually help you beyond that? To find out more, Dr. Tenelle Porter at Ball State University conducted a series of studies with high school students. She found that students with intellectual humility were much more likely to test themselves to see whether they really understood the material and seek out potential holes in their understanding. When they got test scores, they’d change their study strategics to improve their performance and master the material for the next test. Students who didn’t see their knowledge could be wrong might instead just sail through their studying and wouldn’t stop to ask themselves if they truly understood what they read, heard, or did. Such students thought they got a subject down pat, but when asked to explain it on a test, they found they didn’t actually understand as much as they had thought. Although it might be good for you, researchers recognize that questioning your beliefs can be truly hard. Still, it’s important to remember that questioning beliefs isn’t always about replacing old ones with new ones. If you find it hard to question a belief, try taking “baby steps.” 1. Why does the author mention the explosion of the Challenger? A. To express his sorrow for the loss. B. To stress the high risk of space flights. C. To show the result of wrong operation. D. To give an example of overconfidence. 2. What do we know about intellectual humility according to Porter’s research? A. It urged students to gain recognition. B. It encouraged students to take exams. C. It helped students to adjust learning methods. D. It motivated students to memorize knowledge. 3. What do the underlined words “got a subject down pat” mean in paragraph 5? A. Fully mastered a subject. B. Put great effort into a subject C. Really enjoyed a subject. D. Benefited a lot from a subject. 4. What will probably be discussed in the following paragraphs? A. Why questioning our belief is hard. B. Why intellectual humility is helpful. C. How to become a confident person. D. How to practice intellectual humility. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家的研究，通过具体研究案例，来说明智力谦逊如何帮助人们更好地学习和调整学习策略。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段第二至第四句“He found overconfidence is very common, especially when it comes to what people believe to be true, and can lead us to disastrous decisions. In 1986, NASA believed that the risk of loss for any space flight was roughly 1 in 100,000. It was an overconfident belief and might have led to the explosion of the Challenger. (他发现过度自信非常普遍，尤其是在人们认为某件事情正确时，这种过度自信可能会导致灾难性的决策。1986年，NASA认为每次太空飞行发生损失的风险大约是1/100,000。这种过度自信的信念可能引发了“挑战者号”的爆炸)”可知，作者先介绍了科学家发现过度自信可能导致严重后果，之后提及1986年这起灾难。由此推知，提及“挑战者号”爆炸是说明过度自信会导致灾难的一个例子。故选D项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段第二、三句“She found that students with intellectual humility were much more likely to test themselves to see whether they really understood the material and seek out potential holes in their understanding. When they got test scores, they’d change their study strategics to improve their performance and master the material for the next test. (她发现，智力谦逊的学生更有可能去检验自己是否真正理解了学习材料，并寻找自己理解上的漏洞。当他们看到考试成绩时，他们会调整学习策略，以提高学习表现，并掌握好材料为下一次考试做准备)”可知，智力谦逊这种特质会使学生及时反思自己的学习，相应调整学习方法。故选C项。 【3题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第五段第二句“Such students thought they got a subject down pat, but when asked to explain it on a test, they found they didn’t actually understand as much as they had thought. (这些学生以为自己对某个科目got down pat，但在考试中被要求解释时，他们发现自己的理解并没有自己想象的那么多)”可知，学生们在考试之前应是对自己比较自信，认为自己对该相关知识十分了解，或已经全会了，但到考场答题时，才发现自己会的不如原本所认为的那么多。由此可知，got a subject down pat应是“对某科目了解很多”或“对某科目完全掌握”之意。故选A项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“The good news is that there’s a “vaccine (疫苗)” for overconfidence, and that’s what scientists call “intellectual humility”— recognizing that your beliefs could be wrong. (好消息是，过度自信有一种“疫苗”，科学家称之为“智力谦逊”——即认识到你的信念可能是错误的)”及全文最后一句“If you find it hard to question a belief, try taking “baby steps.” (如果你觉得很难质疑一种信念，可以尝试迈出“一小步”)”可知，最后一句中所说的“question a belief”即前文所说的“recognizing that your beliefs could be wrong”，也就是第二段最后一句引号中所言的“智力谦逊”。全文最后一句又说，“可以尝试迈出‘一小步’”。由此推知，所谓的“一小步”究竟该怎么做，会在下文进行介绍，即如何练习做到“智力谦虚”。故选D项。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·福建福州一中·期中） Edward Wilson is America's, if not the world’s, leading naturalist. In The Future of Life, he takes us on a tour of the world's natural resources. How are they used? What has been lost? What remains and is it able to continue with the present speed of use? Wilson also points out the need to understand fully the biodiversity of our earth. Wilson begins with an open letter to the pioneer in environment protection, Henry David Thoreau. He compares today’s Walden Pond with that of Thoreau’s day. Wilson will use such comparisons for the rest of the book. The problem is clear: man has done great damage to his home over the years. We may wonder whether the earth, with human help, be made to return to biodiversity levels that will be able to support us in the future? Biodiversity, Wilson argues, is the key to settling many problems the earth faces today Even our agricultural crops can gain advantages from it. A mere hundred species are the basis of our food supply, of which around twenty carry the load. Wilson suggests changing this situation by looking into ten thousand species that could be made use of, which will be a way to reduce the clearing of the natural homes of plants and animals to enlarge farming areas. At the end of the book, Wilson discusses the importance of human values in considering the environment. If you are to continue to live on the earth, you may well read and act on the ideas in this book. 1. What does Wilson care most about? A. The environment for plants. B. The ecological variety of life on earth. C. The wastes of natural resources. D. The importance of human values. 2. Why is the open letter to Thoreau mentioned in paragraph 2? A. To express Wilson's longing for the past. B. To highlight the desperation of mankind. C. To emphasize man-caused damage to the environment. D. To call for more help to change the current situation. 3. How many species are most important to our present food supply? A. Twenty. B. Eighty. C. One hundred. D. Ten thousand. 4. What is this text most likely? A. An advocacy article. B. A research report. C. A book review. D. An introduction to a scientist. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Edward Wilson《生命的未来》这本书的相关内容。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Wilson also points out the need to understand fully the biodiversity of our earth.(威尔逊还指出，我们需要充分了解地球上的生物多样性)” 以及第三段中“Biodiversity, Wilson argues, is the key to settling many problems the earth faces today Even our agricultural crops can gain advantages from it.(威尔逊认为，生物多样性是解决地球当前面临的诸多问题的关键，甚至我们的农作物也能从中受益)”可知，Wilson最关心的是地球上生命的生态多样性（即生物多样性）。故选B。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“He compares today’s Walden Pond with that of Thoreau’s day. Wilson will use such comparisons for the rest of the book. The problem is clear: man has done great damage to his home over the years.(他将如今的瓦尔登湖与梭罗所处时代的瓦尔登湖进行了对比。在本书接下来的内容里，威尔逊还会运用这样的对比手法。问题很清晰：多年来，人类对自己的家园造成了巨大的破坏)”可知，提到给Thoreau的公开信，是通过对比今天的瓦尔登湖和Thoreau那个时代的瓦尔登湖，强调人类多年来对自己家园（即环境）造成的巨大破坏。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“A mere hundred species are the basis of our food supply, of which around twenty carry the load.(仅仅一百种物种构成了我们食物供应的基础，而其中大约二十种物种承担了主要的（供应）任务 )”可知，对我们目前的食物供应来说最重要的物种大约有二十种。故选A。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。文章开头介绍了Edward Wilson是著名博物学家以及他的《生命的未来》这本书，接着介绍了书中的一些内容，包括对地球生物多样性的关注、人类对环境造成的破坏、生物多样性对解决地球问题的关键作用以及书的结尾对人类价值观在考虑环境问题时的重要性的讨论等，最后还提到如果要继续在地球上生活，或许应该阅读并践行书中的观点。由此可推断本文最有可能是一篇书评。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下·福建莆田十五中·期中） Climate change is causing Europe to heat up more quickly than any other continent, and that heat is deadly, according to a new report by European climate officials. The whole planet is warming up because of heat-trapping pollution (吸热污染) from oil, gas and coal. But Europe is getting warmer faster. Samantha Burgess is the deputy director of the Copernicus Climate Change Service, which is the EU’s official weather and climate organization. She says Europe is warming about twice as fast as the global average. “Globally, we’re looking at about a 0.2 degrees Celsius change per decade, whereas Europe is, I think, about 0.4 degrees Celsius per decade.” Those tenths of a degree add up quickly. Europe is already more than 4 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than it was in the late 1800s. One reason Europe is heating up so quickly is that it’s very close to the Arctic, and the polar regions feel the effects of climate change more intensely. Another reason is that the ocean and atmospheric currents around Europe are warmer in general than those at similar latitudes (纬度) in other parts of the world. That’s why London’s winters are so much more temperate than Chicago’s, even though London is farther north. And it means that as the oceans and atmosphere heat up, Europe feels it in a big way. Last year was tied for the hottest year on record in Europe. A new report by the Copernicus Climate Change Service and the United Nations finds that the number of deaths from hot weather in Europe has grown by at least 30% in the last 20 years. Last summer was a prime (最典型的) example. During a heat wave in July, intense heat and humidity made it feel like it was 110 degrees Celsius or hotter in nearly half of southern Europe. That’s the kind of heat that can kill people if they don’t have access to air conditioning. Preliminary estimates say tens of thousands of people likely died. European cities are scrambling to make sure residents have access to air conditioning and reliable electricity for that air conditioning. 1. Why does the author mention what Samantha Burgess said in Paragraph 2? A. To indicate that Europe used the most oil, gas and coal. B. To suggest that Europe had the most people killed by heat. C. To prove that Europe was getting warmer the fastest. D. To tell us that Europe is in the Arctic region. 2. What caused London’s winter to be warmer than that of Chicago? A. The difference of latitudes. B. The distance from the equator. C. The impact of heat-trapping pollution. D. The effect of ocean and atmospheric currents. 3. What does the underlined word “scrambling” in the last paragraph mean? A. Climbing hard to the top of a mountain. B. Writing words too casually to be readable. C. Competing with others in order to get something. D. Managing to do something in a hurry. 4. Which column of a newspaper does this article belong to? A. Environment. B. History. C. Source. D. Health. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. C 4. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是新闻报道。据欧洲气候官员的一份新报告，气候变化导致欧洲的升温速度比其他任何大陆都要快，其两个主要原因是：欧洲离北极很近；欧洲周围的海洋和大气环流总体上比世界上其他地区的要温暖。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“But Europe is getting warmer faster. Samantha Burgess is the deputy director of the Copernicus Climate Change Service, which is the EU’s official weather and climate organization. She says Europe is warming about twice as fast as the global average. “Globally, we’re looking at about a 0.2 degrees Celsius change per decade, whereas Europe is, I think, about 0.4 degrees Celsius per decade.”(但是欧洲的气温正在以更快的速度上升。Samantha Burgess是欧盟官方气象和气候机构——哥白尼气候变化服务的副主管。她说，欧洲的变暖速度大约是全球平均水平的两倍。“全球范围内，我们看到每十年大约有0.2摄氏度的变化，而欧洲，我认为，每十年大约有0.4摄氏度的变化。”)”可推知作者提到Samantha Burgess的话是为了证明欧洲变暖速度最快。故选C。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Another reason is that the ocean and atmospheric currents around Europe are warmer in general than those at similar latitudes (纬度) in other parts of the world. That’s why London’s winters are so much more temperate than Chicago’s, even though London is farther north.(另一个原因是，欧洲周围的海洋和大气环流总体上比世界上其他相同纬度地区的要温暖。这就是为什么伦敦的冬天要比芝加哥温和得多，即使伦敦的位置更靠北)可知，伦敦的冬天比芝加哥暖和是因为海洋和大气流的影响。故选D。 【3题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“That’s the kind of heat that can kill people if they don’t have access to air conditioning. Preliminary estimates say tens of thousands of people likely died.(这种热量如果没有空调的话可能会致命。初步估计表明，可能有数万人因此丧生)”可知，如果没有空调，这种高温可以致人死亡，因此欧洲各面大城市才争先恐后地(抢占资源)让其居民能用得上空调，并为空调提供可靠的电力，因此划线词scrambling意为“抢占；争抢”。故选C。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据全文内容，尤其如第一段“Climate change is causing Europe to heat up more quickly than any other continent, and that heat is deadly, according to a new report by European climate officials.(根据欧洲气候官员发布的一份新报告，气候变化正导致欧洲比其他任何大陆更快地变暖，而且这种高温是致命的)”可知，据欧洲气候官员的一份新报告，气候变化导致欧洲的升温速度比其他任何大陆都要快，其两个主要原因是：欧洲离北极很近；欧洲周围的海洋和大气环流总体上比世界上其他地区的要温暖。所以这篇文章属于报纸的环境栏目。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下·福建泉州中远学校·期中） Europe’s series record-breaking hot and dry summers have broken an easy link to climate change. Climate models show Europe warms faster than the rest of the planet and the Arctic melting eventually causes massive ocean currents (洋流) and regional hot air circulation patterns. Arctic melting is adding roughly 6000 cubic kilometers of water or more to the ocean per decade. As that fresh-water pours into the North Atlantic Ocean, it sits on top of heavier ocean salt-water and stops mixing. With less heat being stirred in from below, the surface water gets colder than usual during the fall and winter months, says Marilena Oltmanns, a climate scientist at the U.K. National Oceanography Centre. This phenomenon may explain the so-called “cold blob”, an area of sea in the North Atlantic that NASA nodeling suggests is one of the few spots on Earth getting colder. To explore how the fresh water from Arctic ice might be affecting weather, Oltmanns and her colleagues developed a way to combine data from satellites, and weather stations. They found when the freshwater-caused cold blobs were more intense, the boundary was sharper, bringing more powerful westerly (向西的) winds. As a result, the stronger westerlies move a warm ocean flow from roughly 45°N to 60°N. That shift can continue into the next summer. And like a barrier, this warm current, curls up and around the British Isles, allowing a mass of hot, dry air to camp out over Europe. “The study convincingly puts meat on the bones of an expectation I and others have had for a while — that the cold blob south of Greenland would influence North Atlantic weather patterns, as well as those downstream over Europe,” says Jennifer Francis, a climate scientist at Woodwell Climate Research Center. 1. What does the underlined word “cold blob” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Climate models. B. Ocean current. C. Cold water zone. D. Air circulation patterns. 2. What does paragraph 3 focus on? A. Introduce the form of cold blob. B. Present a phenomenon of climate changes in Europe. C. Survey some data for the study. D. Analyze the reason of hot and dry summer in Europe. 3. What is Jennifer’s attitude toward the study? A. Approving. B. Indifferent. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear. 4. What can we infer from the passage? A. Human activities change climate models. B. Arctic melting contributes to European heat waves. C. Climate changes have little impact on ocean currents. D. Global warming results in the rise of the temperature. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过对欧洲连续炎热干燥夏季与气候变化之间关联的探讨，以及北极融化对海洋和天气模式的影响进行了解释和说明。 【1题详解】 词义猜测题。根据划线单词下文“an area of sea in the North Atlantic that NASA modeling suggests is one of the few spots on Earth getting colder.(美国宇航局模型显示北大西洋的一片海域是地球上为数不多的变冷的地方之一。)”可知，“This phenomenon may explain the so-called “cold blob”(这种现象或许可以解释所谓的cold blob)”中的cold blob指的是“冷水海域”。选项A“Climate models (气候模型)”；选项B“Ocean current (洋流)”；选项C“Cold water zone (冷水区)”；选项D“Air circulation patterns(空气循环模式)”。故选C。 【2题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“To explore how the fresh water from Arctic ice might be affecting weather, Oltmanns and her colleagues developed a way to combine data from satellites, and weather stations. They found when the freshwater-caused cold blobs were more intense, the boundary was sharper, bringing more powerful westerly (向西的) winds. As a result, the stronger westerlies move a warm ocean flow from roughly 45°N to 60°N. That shift can continue into the next summer. And like a barrier, this warm current, curls up and around the British Isles, allowing a mass of hot, dry air to camp out over Europe.(为了探索来自北极冰的淡水如何影响天气，oltmann和她的同事们开发了一种方法，将卫星和气象站的数据结合起来。他们发现，当淡水引起的冷团更强烈时，边界更尖锐，带来更强大的西风。结果，较强的西风带将温暖的洋流从北纬45度左右移动到北纬60度。这种转变可能会持续到明年夏天。这股暖流就像一道屏障一样，缠绕在不列颠群岛周围，让大量炎热干燥的空气在欧洲上空扎营。)”可知，第三段描述了北极冰融化产生的淡水如何可能影响欧洲的天气，特别是如何导致炎热干燥的夏天。它分析了北大西洋的“冷斑”现象，以及它如何与风和洋流相互作用，造成热干空气在欧洲上空滞留的条件。因此，该段的主要内容是分析欧洲炎热干燥夏季的原因。故选D。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““The study convincingly puts meat on the bones of an expectation I and others have had for a while — that the cold blob south of Greenland would influence North Atlantic weather patterns, as well as those downstream over Europe,” says Jennifer Francis, a climate scientist at Woodwell Climate Research Center.( Woodwell气候研究中心的气候科学家Jennifer Francis说：“这项研究令人信服地证实了我和其他人一段时间以来的预期——格陵兰岛以南的寒冷团将影响北大西洋的天气模式，以及欧洲下游的天气模式。”)”可知，Jennifer Francis认为这项研究为她和其他人长期以来的一个预期提供了有力的证据，即格陵兰岛南部的冷斑会影响北大西洋的天气模式以及下游的欧洲天气模式。因此，她对这项研究的态度是赞同的。故选A。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Climate models show Europe warms faster than the rest of the planet and the Arctic melting eventually causes massive ocean currents (洋流) and regional hot air circulation patterns.(气候模型显示，欧洲变暖的速度比地球上其他地区都要快，北极融化最终会导致巨大的洋流和区域热空气循环模式。)”、第二段中“Arctic melting is adding roughly 6000 cubic kilometers of water or more to the ocean per decade. As that fresh-water pours into the North Atlantic Ocean, it sits on top of heavier ocean salt-water and stops mixing. With less heat being stirred in from below, the surface water gets colder than usual during the fall and winter months, says Marilena Oltmanns, a climate scientist at the U.K. National Oceanography Centre. This phenomenon may explain the so-called “cold blob”(北极融化每十年向海洋中增加大约6000立方公里或更多的水。当淡水涌入北大西洋时，它会停留在较重的海洋盐水之上，停止混合。英国国家海洋学中心的气候科学家Marilena oltmann说，由于从海底进入的热量减少，在秋季和冬季，地表水比平时更冷。这一现象或许可以解释所谓的‘冷水区块’)”以及第三段中“They found when the freshwater-caused cold blobs were more intense, the boundary was sharper, bringing more powerful westerly (向西的) winds. As a result, the stronger westerlies move a warm ocean flow from roughly 45°N to 60°N. That shift can continue into the next summer. And like a barrier, this warm current, curls up and around the British Isles, allowing a mass of hot, dry air to camp out over Europe.(他们发现，当淡水引起的冷团更强烈时，边界更尖锐，带来更强大的西风。结果，较强的西风带将温暖的洋流从北纬45度左右移动到北纬60度。这种转变可能会持续到明年夏天。这股暖流就像一道屏障一样，缠绕在不列颠群岛周围，让大量炎热干燥的空气在欧洲上空扎营。)”可知，北极融化的淡水涌入大西洋会引起“冷水区块”现象，当“冷水区块”更强烈、边界更尖锐时，带来更强大的西风带，把温暖的洋流移动到北纬60度，让大量的炎热干燥空气停留在欧洲上空；由此可知，北极融化加剧了欧洲的热浪。故选B。 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·福建恒一集团·期中） A lack of scientific evidence has led some to question whether herbs used in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) actually relieve people’s illnesses. A new study, published in the journal Science Advances, might start to challenge that view. Scientists have developed a new tool that could be used to predict the effectiveness of these herbs. They’ve begun to confirm some of its predictions using clinical data from patients treated in a traditional Chinese medicine hospital. “To our knowledge, this is the first scientific theory to explain how a traditional medicine system works,” lead study author Xiao Gan, a researcher at the Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology in China said. In the new study, the authors looked at genes (基因) thought to be responsible for causing specific symptoms (症状) of disease. They relied on an already published dataset that connected the dots between disease symptoms and the underlying genes and proteins that give rise to those illnesses. Pulling this data together, the researchers were able to score how well these herbs might relieve specific symptoms of the disease. These scores were based on how close the herbs’ target proteins were to the proteins associated with various symptoms. The authors then compared their predictions to herbs recognized by the Chinese Pharmacopoeia as effective against specific disease symptoms. They also used the model to review prescriptions(处方) that patients at the Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Wuhan received while being treated for liver disease. Gan said the herbs that they identified as effective from the two data sources supported their model’s predictions. The authors also used their model to identify potential new applications for the herbs, beyond what’s already recommended by the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Testing natural products in clinical trials can be costly, so it is helpful to use computer simulations (模拟) to identify potential drug targets, said Xiang-Qun Xie, a professor at the University of Pittsburgh. Xie pointed out more data are needed to support these findings and that it would be useful to study how TCM herbs and modern medications may interact in patients who take them at the same time. 1. What is the purpose of the new study? A. To study the side effects of TCM herbs. B. To analyze the genetic makeup of TCM herbs. C. To forecast the effectiveness of TCM herbs. D. To compare TCM herbs with modern medications. 2. How did the researchers score TCM herbs in the study? A. By analyzing their chemical makeup. B. By carrying out clinical trials on patients. C. By asking patients about their experiences of using them. D. By comparing their target proteins with disease-related proteins. 3. What can be inferred about the study from paragraph 4? A. Some TCM herbs tested by the model are rarely used. B. The model may be used to develop new medicines. C. The data sources used by the model are not big enough. D. More models should be created to review prescriptions. 4. What might Xiang-Qun Xie agree with? A. Researchers should try to cut the cost of their study. B. It is necessary to find new ways to figure out potential drug targets. C. The weaknesses of computer simulations in drug development are ignored. D. The interaction between TCM herbs and modern medications needs to be studied. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项新研究，科学家们开发了一种新工具，可以预测中药的有效性。研究人员通过已有的基因数据来给中药打分，评估其缓解疾病特定症状的能力，并将预测结果与中国药典中认可的有效草药以及患者的处方进行对比，发现两者相吻合。同时，文章还提到利用计算机模拟来确定潜在药物靶点的方法，并指出需要更多数据来支持研究，以及研究中药和现代药物相互作用的必要性。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“A new study, published in the journal Science Advances, might start to challenge that view. Scientists have developed a new tool that could be used to predict the effectiveness of these herbs.(《科学进展》杂志上发布的一项新研究可能会开始挑战这种观点。科学家们开发了一种新工具，可以用来预测这些草药的效果)”可知，新研究的目的是预测中药的有效性。故选C项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Pulling this data together, the researchers were able to score how well these herbs might relieve specific symptoms of the disease. These scores were based on how close the herbs’ target proteins were to the proteins associated with various symptoms.(通过整理这些数据，研究人员能够评估这些草药缓解疾病特定症状的效果如何。这些评分基于草药的目标蛋白与各种症状相关蛋白的接近程度)”可知，研究者通过对中药的目标蛋白与疾病相关蛋白的接近程度进行比较来对它们进行评分。故选D项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“The authors also used their model to identify potential new applications for the herbs, beyond what’s already recommended by the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.(作者还利用他们的模型来确定草药除《中国药典》已推荐的应用之外的潜在新应用)”可知，研究者利用这一模型不仅验证了《中国药典》中记载的草药效用，还进一步发现了草药可能的新用途。由此推知，该模型在开发新药物方面的潜在应用价值。故选B项。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Xie pointed out more data are needed to support these findings and that it would be useful to study how TCM herbs and modern medications may interact in patients who take them at the same time.(Xie指出，需要更多的数据来支持这些发现，并且研究中药和现代药物在患者同时服用时如何相互作用将是有益的)”可知， Xiang-Qun Xie认为需要研究中药和现代药物之间的相互作用。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下·福建莆田华侨中学·期中） DeepSeek, a relatively new name in the tech-world, has been making waves with its innovative approach to artificial intelligence. This company has developed advanced AI models that are designed to handle a wide range of tasks,from natural language processing to complex data analytics. One of the most remarkable features of DeepSeek’s AI is its ability to learn and adapt at an astonishing rate. It can analyze data, identify patterns, and then use this knowledge to make accurate predictions. For example, in the field of healthcare, DeepSeek’ s AI can process patient medical records, including symptoms, test results, and treatment histories.By doing so, it can aid doctors in diagnosing diseases more precisely and suggesting personalized treatment plans. DeepSeek also focuses on making its technology accessible. It has developed user-friendly interfaces(人机界面)that allow even those without technical knowledge to utilize the power of AI. This has led to its adoption in various industries, such as finance, where it can help with risk assessment and fraud detection. In the retail sector, it can analyze customer behavior to optimize inventory management and marketing strategies. However, DeepSeek’s AI also faces some challenges. One major concern is the ethical use of data. As the AI relies on large-scale data collection, ensuring the privacy and security of this data is crucial. DeepSeek is aware of these concerns and has implemented strict data protection measures. It adheres to international data privacy regulations and uses encryption(加密) techniques to safeguard the data it processes. Another challenge is the potential for bias in the AI algorithms. If the training data contains biases, the AI’s predictions and decisions may also be skewed (有偏见的). To address this, DeepSeek uses a variety of techniques, such as diverse data sampling and fairness-aware algorithms, to ensure that the AI is as unbiased as possible. Despite these challenges, DeepSeek is well-positioned to play a significant role in the future of AI. Its continuous innovation and commitment to addressing ethical and technical issues make it a company to watch in the rapidly evolving tech landscape. 1. How can DeepSeek’s AI be applied in healthcare? A. By relieving patients’ severe symptoms. B. By providing medical training for doctors. C. By facilitating the precision of equipment. D. By helping doctors with diagnosis and treatment. 2. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3? A. Deepseek is designed for professionals. B. Deepseek has the capacity to eliminate risks. C. Deekseek can replace customers to make decisions. D. Deepseek’s interfaces promote its extensive application. 3. What measures has DeepSeek taken to address the ethical use of data? A. It has ceased collecting private data. B. It has utilized the data with the users’ permission. C. It has adopted some technology to protect the data. D. It has prohibited sharing the data with other companies. 4. What is the author’s attitude towards DeepSeek? A. Objective. B. Favorable. C. Skeptical. D. Ambiguous. 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. C 4. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了DeepSeek是科技界一个相对较新的名字，它在人工智能领域的创新方法一直在掀起波澜。这家公司开发了先进的人工智能模型，旨在处理各种任务，从自然语言处理到复杂的数据分析。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“For example, in the field of healthcare, DeepSeek’s AI can process patient medical records, including symptoms, test results, and treatment histories. By doing so, it can aid doctors in diagnosing diseases more precisely and suggesting personalized treatment plans.( 例如，在医疗保健领域，DeepSeek的人工智能可以处理患者的医疗记录，包括症状、测试结果和治疗历史。通过这样做，它可以帮助医生更准确地诊断疾病，并提出个性化的治疗方案。)”可知，DeepSeek的人工智能在医疗保健领域可以处理患者的医疗记录，包括症状、检查结果和治疗历史，从而帮助医生更精确地诊断疾病并提出个性化的治疗计划。故选D项。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“DeepSeek also focuses on making its technology accessible. It has developed user-friendly interfaces (人机界面) that allow even those without technical knowledge to utilize the power of AI. This has led to its adoption in various industries, such as finance, where it can help with risk assessment and fraud detection. In the retail sector, it can analyze customer behavior to optimize inventory management and marketing strategies.( DeepSeek还致力于使其技术易于使用。它开发了用户友好的界面，即使没有技术知识的人也可以利用人工智能的力量。这使得它在金融等各个行业得到采用，在这些行业中，它可以帮助进行风险评估和欺诈检测。在零售领域，它可以分析顾客行为，以优化库存管理和营销策略。)”可知，DeepSeek开发了用户友好的人机界面，使得即使没有技术知识的人也能利用人工智能的力量，这导致了它在各个行业的应用，所以可以推断出 DeepSeek的人机界面促进了其广泛应用。故选D项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“DeepSeek is aware of these concerns and has implemented strict data protection measures. It adheres to international data privacy regulations and uses encryption (加密) techniques to safeguard the data it processes.( DeepSeek意识到了这些问题，并实施了严格的数据保护措施。它遵守国际数据隐私法规，并使用加密技术来保护其处理的数据。)”可知，DeepSeek意识到数据伦理使用的问题，并采取了严格的数据保护措施，它遵守国际数据隐私法规，并使用加密技术来保护其处理的数据。故选C项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Despite these challenges, DeepSeek is well-positioned to play a significant role in the future of AI. Its continuous innovation and commitment to addressing ethical and technical issues make it a company to watch in the rapidly evolving tech landscape.( 尽管面临这些挑战，DeepSeek仍有能力在未来的人工智能领域发挥重要作用。它不断创新，致力于解决道德和技术问题，使其成为快速发展的技术领域中值得关注的公司。)”可知，尽管DeepSeek 面临一些挑战，但它在人工智能的未来中处于有利地位，其持续的创新以及对解决伦理和技术问题的承诺使其成为快速发展的科技领域中值得关注的公司，由此可以看出作者对DeepSeek持积极的态度。故选B项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下·福建永春二中·期中） College and high-school teachers are expressing concern about ChatGPT, an AI program that allows people with limited writing skills to create high-quality texts. It calls into question how and why we teach writing at all. If AI can do a fairly good job at most writing tasks, why spend so much time learning writing in school? In fact, learning to write goes beyond just mastering grammar, punctuation, and sentence structure. It involves much more. For one thing, it’s about learning to turn a loose set of thoughts into a clear line of reasoning — a skill that is useful for everyone, not just those who enjoy writing or need to do a lot of it for work. Learning to write also trains your imagination to construct the person who will read your words. It puts you in relation to someone you may not know, someone who may even not exist. When you learn to write, you learn to meet their needs in an unfamiliar context. Even ordinary assignments teach students to predict what another person knows and expects. Writing is never simply self-expression. It’s expression to a specific audience for a specific purpose. In some cases, like a love letter, a writer knows their audience very well. In others, the audience is every bit a work of the imagination as a novel’s characters are. Writers, then, should give up trying to address the public at large, but should imagine that a friend, though not the closest friend, is listening to our talk. When this act of imagination is done well, a reader can feel deeply understood, as if a stranger has told them some previously unknown truth about themselves. That’s how I felt reading “Difference Maker” — an essay about parenthood. While our situations were unique, naming the problem provided a deeper understanding. It seems unavoidable that large-language models of AI will allow us to offload some of the writing tasks that students learn in school. But we can’t allow ourselves to lose the capacity to empathize (共情) with distant strangers at just the moment when we’re more able than ever to communicate with them. 1. What is teachers’ concern about ChatGPT? A. It’s a challenge to apply it to teaching. B. It’s hard to grade a paper written by it. C. It limits students’ imagination and creativity. D. It questions the necessity of teaching writing. 2. What does the author think of learning to write? A. It helps with logical thinking. B. It is a basic skill for everyone. C. It focuses on correct expression. D. It is closely related to social skills. 3. What makes writing effective according to the text? A. Expressing oneself. B. Targeting intended readers. C. Conveying imaginative ideas. D. Creating attractive characters. 4. What may be a suitable title for the text? A. What AI Can’t Teach the Writing Students B. ChatGPT Writing VS Traditional Writing C. Never Lose the Capacity for Empathy D. What Is the Future for AI Writing 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。虽然人工智能可以完成高水平的写作任务，但有些东西是它无法做到的，例如写作可以把一套松散的想法变成一条清晰的推理线，写作训练人们的想象力，针对不同的目标读者写作方式不同。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“If AI can do a fairly good job at most writing tasks, why spend so much time learning writing in school?(如果人工智能在大多数写作任务中都能做得相当好，那为什么要花那么多时间在学校学习写作呢？)”可知，关于ChatGPT，老师关注是它质疑教学写作的必要性。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“For one thing, it’s about learning to turn a loose set of thoughts into a clear line of reasoning — a skill that is useful for everyone, not just those who enjoy writing or need to do a lot of it for work.(首先，它是关于学习将一套松散的想法变成一条清晰的推理线——这是一项对每个人都有用的技能，而不仅仅是那些喜欢写作或需要为工作做很多事情的人)”可知，作者认为学习写作有助于逻辑思维。故选A。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Writing is never simply self-expression. It’s expression to a specific audience for a specific purpose.(写作从来不是简单的自我表达。它是为特定目的而对特定受众的表达)”可知，针对目标读者使写作有效。故选B。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第一段“College and high-school teachers are expressing concern about ChatGPT, an AI program that allows people with limited writing skills to create high-quality texts. It calls into question how and why we teach writing at all. If AI can do a fairly good job at most writing tasks, why spend so much time learning writing in school?(大学和高中教师对ChatGPT表达了担忧，这是一个人工智能程序，可以让写作技能有限的人创作高质量的文本。这引发了我们如何以及为什么要教写作的问题。如果人工智能在大多数写作任务中都能做得相当好，那为什么要花那么多时间在学校学习写作呢？)”可知，虽然人工智能可以完成高水平的写作任务，但有些东西是它无法做到的，例如写作可以把一套松散的想法变成一条清晰的推理线，写作训练人们的想象力，针对不同的目标读者写作方式不同。因此A选项“人工智能不能教给写作学生的东西”最符合文章标题。故选A。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高二下·福建三明双十中学·期中） Beethoven is a giant of classical music. And the one with the most influence at least when it comes to piano compositions. That’s according to a study in the journal EPJ Data Science. If you’re wondering how data analysis could determine something as abstract as cultural influence, it’s worth remembering the great thing about music: it’s the most mathematical of the art forms we actually can deal with because a lot of it is symbolic. The music is written in symbols that are connected in time. Juyong Park is a theoretical physicist at the Korea Advanced institute of Science and Technology. Park and his colleagues collected 900 piano compositions by 19 composers covering the Baroque, Classical and Romantic periods, from 1700 to 1910. Then they used that mathematical quality to their advantage by dividing each composition into what they called “code words,” a group of notes played at the same time—in other words, a chord. They then compared each chord to the chords that came before it. “Our computer model allows us to calculate the degree of shared melodies between past and future works.” said Park. The composer with top marks for novelty was Rachmaninoff. But when the researchers looked at those chord transitions across all 19 composers, it was Beethoven who was most heavily borrowed from—meaning, at least among the composers in this analysis, his influence was the largest. Their study comes with a couple caveats. The researchers only considered piano compositions in this work—-not orchestral works. And by only studying chord transitions, their conclusions wouldn’t capture artists who had influence in other ways. “It’s well understood that Mozart’s contribution to music mainly comes from the musical forms that he devised. That was not very well captured by our mathematical modeling.” 1. How did the researchers conduct the study? A. They turned music compositions into written symbols. B. They looked at how chords differed from previous ones. C. They collected 900 pieces from contemporary composer. D. They calculated the number of chords in each music piece. 2. What can be known from the research findings? A. Beethoven was best at coming up with new chords. B. Beethoven borrowed heavily from another composer. C. Rachmaninoff’s chords were most unlike previous ones. D. Rachmaninoff’s chords were copied by future composers. 3. What does he underlined word “caveats” probably mean? A. warnings B. benefits C. costs D. proofs 4. Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A. Beethoven Regarded as a Giant of Classical Music. B. Similarity between Music and Math Investigated. C. Beethoven’s Major Musical Contribution Confirmed. D. Computer Analyses Confirm Beethoven’s Influence. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，研究人员通过数学性质证明了贝多芬在音乐领域的过人之处。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段的“They then compared each chord to the chords that came before it. “Our computer model allows us to calculate the degree of shared melodies between past and future works.” said Park. (然后，他们将每个和弦与之前的和弦进行比较。“我们的计算机模型允许我们计算过去和未来作品之间共享旋律的程度。”朴说)”可知，他们通过观察和弦与之前的和弦有何不同来进行研究。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段的“The composer with top marks for novelty was Rachmaninoff. (新颖性最高的作曲家是拉赫玛尼诺夫)”可知，在新颖性方面得分最高的作曲家是拉赫玛尼诺夫。所以拉赫玛尼诺夫的和弦与之前的和弦截然不同。故选C。 【3题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“The researchers only considered piano compositions in this work—-not orchestral works. And by only studying chord transitions, their conclusions wouldn’t capture artists who had influence in other ways. (研究人员在这部作品中只考虑了钢琴作品，而没有考虑管弦乐作品。仅仅研究和弦转换，他们的结论无法捕捉到在其他方面有影响力的艺术家)”可知，下文提到的内容是该研究的局限性。由此推知，划线词所在句子意为“他们的研究有几点需要注意”，即caveats意为“注意”，与warnings同义。故选A。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了研究员通过数学性质证明了贝多芬在音乐领域的过人之处，再结合第一段“Beethoven is a giant of classical music. And the one with the most influence at least when it comes to piano compositions. That’s according to a study in the journal EPJ Data Science. (贝多芬是古典音乐的巨匠。至少在钢琴创作方面是最有影响力的。这是根据《EPJ数据科学》杂志上的一项研究得出的结论)”可知，D项“计算机分析证实贝多芬的影响”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选D。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·福建三明五县·期中） You probably know the feeling of having a hearty meal at a restaurant, and feeling full and satisfied, only to take a peek at the dessert menu and decide the cheesecake looks just irresistible. So why is it that you just absolutely couldn’t have another bite, but you somehow make an exception for a sweet treat? Scientists now have a better understanding of the neural origins of this urge thanks to a recent study published in the journal Science. Working with mice, researchers tried to set up a scenario similar to the human experience described above. In the experiment, mice were first given a standard meal after not eating for a day. They ate until they were full. Then, during a 30-minute “dessert” period, researchers offered either more of the same food or a high-sugar option. When given sugary food, the mice ate six times more calories than when offered regular food. The researchers focused on POMC neurons in the hypothalamus, a brain region linked to feelings of fullness. They found that when mice ate sugary food, these neurons released beta-endorphin (内啡肽), a chemical that binds to opioid receptors in the brain, creating a sense of reward. This explains why we desire sweets even when full — sugar triggers a pleasure response in the brain. When scientists blocked this opioid pathway, the mice avoided sugar. Similar neural activity was observed in humans, suggesting that our brains are wired to desire sugar. According to Henning Fenselau, a study author, this mechanism likely evolved to encourage the consumption of high-energy foods like sugar. Other research has linked sugar to the brain’s dopamine (多巴 胺) system, with some studies suggesting long-term sugar consumption can have effects similar to addictive drugs. However, this study was short-term and didn’t examine long-term effects like weight gain or metabolic changes. Dr. Paule Joseph, a metabolism researcher, suggests that future studies should explore how these brain circuits function over time, especially with chronic sugar exposure. Understanding this reward pathway could help explain how overeating sugar contributes to obesity. This research sheds light on why we find desserts so irresistible, even when we’re full. 1. What is the main focus of the experiment? A. Sugar-caused weight gain in mice. B. Role of dopamine in food addiction. C. Effects of not eating for a long time. D. Neural basis of post-meal sweet desires. 2. Why did mice avoid sugar when the opioid pathway was blocked? A. They lost their sense of taste. B. They consumed too many calories. C. The sugar reward response was removed. D. Part of their brain was severely damaged. 3. In paragraph 5, what does “this mechanism” refer to? A. Preference for high-energy foods. B. Dopamine causing sugar addiction. C. Fullness neurons releasing chemicals. D. Sugar activating the brain’s reward system. 4. What does Dr. Paule Joseph suggest for future research? A. Developing drugs to block urges for sugar immediately. B. Studying how brain circuits change with long-term sugar intake. C. Comparing sugar’s effects to those of addictive drugs. D. Investigating why mice and humans have similar neural responses. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. D 4. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家通过小鼠实验揭示饭后对甜食渴望的神经基础。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“You probably know the feeling of having a hearty meal at a restaurant, and feeling full and satisfied, only to take a peek at the dessert menu and decide the cheesecake looks just irresistible. So why is it that you just absolutely couldn’t have another bite, but you somehow make an exception for a sweet treat? (你或许有过这样的体验：在餐厅大快朵颐后已是酒足饭饱，却忍不住瞥一眼甜点菜单，觉得芝士蛋糕实在让人无法抗拒。为什么明明一口正餐都吃不下，却能为甜食破例？)”和第二段“Scientists now have a better understanding of the neural origins of this urge thanks to a recent study published in the journal Science. Working with mice, researchers tried to set up a scenario similar to the human experience described above. (科学家们现在对这种冲动的神经起源有了更好的理解，这要归功于最近发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究。研究人员用老鼠进行实验，试图建立一个类似于上述人类经历的场景。)”可知，实验的主要焦点是研究饭后对甜食渴望的神经基础。故选D。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“The researchers focused on POMC neurons in the hypothalamus, a brain region linked to feelings of fullness. They found that when mice ate sugary food, these neurons released beta-endorphin (内啡肽), a chemical that binds to opioid receptors in the brain, creating a sense of reward. This explains why we desire sweets even when full — sugar triggers a pleasure response in the brain. (研究人员聚焦于下丘脑的POMC神经元（该脑区与饱腹感相关），发现小鼠进食含糖食物时，这些神经元会释放β-内啡肽——一种与大脑阿片受体结合、产生奖赏感的化学物质。这解释了为何我们在饱腹后仍渴望甜食：糖分能触发大脑的愉悦反应。)”以及第五段中 “When scientists blocked this opioid pathway, the mice avoided sugar. (当科学家阻断这一阿片通路时，小鼠便会避开糖分。)”可知，当阿片类通路被阻断时，老鼠会避开糖，是因为糖的奖励反应被去除了。故选C。 【3题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段“The researchers focused on POMC neurons in the hypothalamus, a brain region linked to feelings of fullness. They found that when mice ate sugary food, these neurons released beta-endorphin (内啡肽), a chemical that binds to opioid receptors in the brain, creating a sense of reward. This explains why we desire sweets even when full — sugar triggers a pleasure response in the brain. (研究人员聚焦于下丘脑的POMC神经元（该脑区与饱腹感相关），发现小鼠进食含糖食物时，这些神经元会释放β-内啡肽——一种与大脑阿片受体结合、产生奖赏感的化学物质。这解释了为何我们在饱腹后仍渴望甜食：糖分能触发大脑的愉悦反应。)”和第五段“When scientists blocked this opioid pathway, the mice avoided sugar. Similar neural activity was observed in humans, suggesting that our brains are wired to desire sugar. According to Henning Fenselau, a study author, this mechanism likely evolved to encourage the consumption of high-energy foods like sugar. (当科学家阻断这一阿片通路时，小鼠便会避开糖分。人类体内也观察到类似的神经活动，表明我们的大脑天生对糖分有渴望。研究作者亨宁・芬塞劳指出，这一机制可能是为了促使人类摄入糖分等高能量食物而进化形成的。)”可知，this mechanism指的是糖激活大脑的奖励系统。故选D。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Dr. Paule Joseph, a metabolism researcher, suggests that future studies should explore how these brain circuits function over time, especially with chronic sugar exposure. (新陈代谢研究员Paule Joseph博士建议，未来的研究应该探索这些大脑回路是如何随时间变化的，特别是在长期接触糖的情况下。)”可知，Paule Joseph博士建议未来的研究应该探索大脑回路如何随着长期糖摄入而变化。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下·福建三明双十中学·期中） When we think about lives filled with meaning, we often focus on people whose grand contributions benefited humanity. Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther King and Nelson Mandela surely felt they had a worthwhile life. But how about us ordinary people, struggling in a typical existence? There is an important element to consider. Think about the first butterfly you stop to admire after a long winter or imagine the scenery at the top of a hill after a fresh hike. Sometimes existence delivers us small moments of beauty. When people are open to appreciating such experiences, these moments may enhance how they view their life. This element is defined as EA (experiential appreciation) by Joshua Hicks, a psychological professor at Texas A & M University. Recently, he and his research team set out to figure out whether EA was related to a person’s sense of meaning in a series of studies that involved more than 3,000 participants. At an initial test, researchers had participants rate their agreement of different coping strategies to relieve their stress. They found people who managed stress by focusing on their appreciation for life’s beauty also reported experiencing life as highly meaningful. Researchers then conducted a series of experiments, in which they gave participants specific tasks and, once more, asked them to report how strongly they identified with statements linked to purpose, etc. In one case, participants who watched an awe-inspiring video reported having a greater sense of EA and meaning in life, compared with those watched more neutral videos. After reflecting on the results collected from the participants, researchers confirmed their original theory. But applying that insight can be difficult. Our modern, fast-paced lifestyles fill the day with targets and goals. We are on the go, and we attempt to maximize output both at work and at leisure. This focus on future outcomes makes it all too easy to miss what is happening right now. Yet life happens in the present moment. We should slow down, let life surprise us and embrace the significance in the everyday life. 1. Why are the butterfly and the scenery on a hill mentioned in paragraph 2? A. To deliver moments of beauty. B. To explain personal experiences. C. To present the concept of EA. D. To show the necessity of protecting nature. 2. How did the researchers conduct the study? A. By studying previous research data. B. By analyzing the response from the participants. C. By shooting videos starring the participants. D. By designing different strategies to reduce stress. 3. Who tends to find life more meaningful according to the text? A. A person who always gets her life well-organized. B. A person who leads a fast-paced life. C. A person who often hears motivating speeches. D. A person who always expects future results. 4. What life philosophy does the author show in the last paragraph? A. No pains, no gains. B. Live your life one day at a time. C. Being on sea, sail; being on land, settle. D. Those who believe in their ability can do anything. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C 4. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是日常生活中细微之美对人们生活意义感的影响，探讨如何通过体验欣赏（EA）增强生活的充实感。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Think about the first butterfly you stop to admire after a long winter or imagine the scenery at the top of a hill after a fresh hike. Sometimes existence delivers us small moments of beauty. When people are open to appreciating such experiences, these moments may enhance how they view their life. This element is defined as EA (experiential appreciation) by Joshua Hicks, a psychological professor at Texas A&M University.”“Think about the first butterfly you stop to admire after a long winter or imagine the scenery at the top of a hill after a fresh hike. Sometimes existence delivers us small moments of beauty. When people are open to appreciating such experiences, these moments may enhance how they view their life. This element is defined as EA(experiential appreciation)by Joshua Hicks, a psychological professor at Texas A & M University. (想想你在漫长的冬天后停下来欣赏的第一只蝴蝶，或者想象一下新徒步旅行后山顶的风景。有时，存在会给我们带来美丽的瞬间。当人们乐于欣赏这些经历时，这些时刻可能会增强他们对生活的看法。德克萨斯A&M大学心理学教授Joshua Hicks将这一元素定义为EA（体验欣赏）。)”可知，文章第二段提到蝴蝶和山上风景的例子是为了引入一个概念——体验性欣赏。故选C项。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“At an initial test, researchers had participants rate their agreement of different coping strategies to relieve their stress. (在最初的测试中，研究人员让参与者对缓解压力的不同应对策略的一致性进行评分。)”和第四段中“Researchers then conducted a series of experiments, in which they gave participants specific tasks and, once more, asked them to report how strongly they identified with statements linked to purpose, etc. (研究人员随后进行了一系列实验，在这些实验中，他们给参与者分配了具体的任务，并再次要求他们报告他们对与目的相关的陈述的认同程度等。)”以及第四段中“After reflecting on the results collected from the participants, researchers confirmed their original theory. (研究人员随后进行了一系列实验，在这些实验中，他们给参与者分配了具体的任务，并再次要求他们报告他们对与目的相关的陈述的认同程度等。)”可知，研究者通过分析参与者的不同反应来进行研究。故选B项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“In one case, participants who watched an awe-inspiring video reported having a greater sense of EA and meaning in life, compared with those watched more neutral videos. (在一个案例中，与观看更中性视频的参与者相比，观看令人敬畏的视频的参与者报告说，他们对EA和生活意义有更大的感觉。)”可知，经常听鼓舞人心的演讲的人更能找到生活的意义。故选C项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“This focus on future outcomes makes it all too easy to miss what is happening right now. Yet life happens in the present moment. We should slow down, let life surprise us and embrace the significance in the everyday life. (这种对未来结果的关注很容易让人错过现在正在发生的事情。然而，生活发生在当下。我们应该放慢脚步，让生活给我们惊喜，拥抱日常生活中的意义。)”可知，作者在最后一段告诉我们，应该生活在当下。故选B项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下·福建厦门六中·期中） Many scholars agree that a meaningful existence comes down to three factors: the coherence of one’s life, the possession of clear long-term goals and the belief that one’s life matters. But we believe there is another element to consider. Imagine the first butterfly you stop to admire after a long winter or the scenery atop a hill after a fresh hike. Sometimes existence delivers us small moments of beauty. When people are open to appreciating such experiences, these moments may further improve how they view their life. We call this element experiential appreciation, an ability to detect and admire life’s inner beauty as events happen. To better understand this appreciation, we conducted a series of studies involving over 3,000 participants. Initially, we had participants rate their coping strategies to ease their stress. Those managing stress by focusing on their appreciation for life’s beauty reported experiencing life as highly meaningful. In the follow-ups, we asked them to rate the degree to which they agreed with various statements, such as “I have a great appreciation for the beauty of life” and other statements related to coherence, purpose, existential mattering. Our results showed that the more people indicated that they were “appreciating life”, the more they felt their existence valuable. In the experiment that followed, we further explored the phenomenon by asking participants to watch an awe-inspiring video. They also reported having a greater sense of experiential appreciation and meaning in life in these moments, compared with those watching more neutral videos. The final results confirmed our original theory: appreciating small things can make life feel more meaningful. But applying that insight can be difficult. Our modern, fast-paced, project-oriented (任务驱动的) lifestyles fill the day with targets. We are on the go, attempting to make the most of our output. This makes it easy to miss what is happening right now. Yet life happens in the present moment. We should slow down, let life surprise us and embrace the significance in the everyday. After all, we live in a wonderful world. There is no end to the adventures we can have if only we seek them with our eyes open. 1. Why does the author mention the admiration of a butterfly? A. To raise a question. B. To describe a picture. C. To draw a conclusion. D. To introduce a concept. 2. What is mainly explored through the studies in Paragraph 3? A. The life of the participants involved in the study. B. The contribution of a long-term goal in life. C. The theory of experiential appreciation. D. The analysis of the belief that matters most. 3. What makes it hard for us to appreciate the present according to the passage? A. Our modern fast-paced lifestyle. B. The lack of opportunities. C. Our focus on individual feelings. D. The ignorance of future outcomes. 4. Which of the following suggestions will the author probably agree with? A. Fill every day with a great many targets. B. Find the inner beauty of ourselves. C. Appreciate little wonders of everyday life. D. Explore the end of a significant life. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍一项研究证实了体验性欣赏生命美好对个人生活的重要性和价值，并建议我们应该放慢脚步，欣赏并感激生活中的每一刻。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Imagine the first butterfly you stop to admire after a long winter or the scenery atop a hill after a fresh hike. Sometimes existence delivers us small moments of beauty. When people are open to appreciating such experiences, these moments may further improve bow they view their life. We call this element experiential appreciation, an ability to detect and admire life’s inner beauty as events happen. (想象一下，在漫长的冬天过后，你停下来欣赏的第一只蝴蝶，或者在一次新鲜的徒步旅行后，你在山顶上欣赏的风景。有时候，生活带给我们美好的瞬间。当人们乐于欣赏这样的经历时，这些时刻可能会进一步改善他们对生活的看法。我们称这种元素为体验性欣赏，一种在事件发生时发现和欣赏生活内在美的能力。)”以及下文对“体验性欣赏”的介绍可知，作者提到对蝴蝶的欣赏是为了介绍一个概念“体验性欣赏”。故选D项。 【2题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Our results showed that the more people indicated that they were ‘appreciating life’, the more they felt their existence valuable. In the experiment that followed, we further explored the phenomenon by asking participants to watch an awe-inspiring video. They also reported having a greater sense of experiential appreciation and meaning in life in these moments, compared with those watching more neutral videos. (我们的研究结果显示，越多的人表示他们‘欣赏生活’，他们就越觉得自己的存在有价值。在接下来的实验中，我们通过让参与者观看一段令人敬畏的视频来进一步探索这一现象。他们还报告说，与观看更多中性视频的人相比，他们在这些时刻有更强的体验感激感和生活意义。)”可知，本段主要解释了体验性欣赏的理论。故选C项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Our modern, fast-paced, project-oriented (任务驱动的) lifestyles fill the day with targets. We are on the go, attempting to make the most of our output. This makes it easy to miss what is happening right now. (我们现代、快节奏、任务驱动的生活方式让每一天都充满了目标。我们忙得不可开交，试图使我们的产出最大化。这使得我们很容易忽略正在发生的事情。)”可知，是我们现代快节奏的生活方式让我们很难欣赏现在。故选项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The final results confirmed our original theory: appreciating small things can make life feel more meaningful. (最后结果证实了我们最初的理论：欣赏小事物能让生活更有意义。)”和“After all, we live in a wonderful world. There is no end to the adventures we can have if only we seek them with our eyes open.(毕竟，我们生活在一个精彩的世界里。只要我们睁大眼睛寻找，我们的奇遇就会永无止境。)”可知，作者会建议我们欣赏日常生活中的小奇迹。故选C项。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·福建泉州科技中学·期中） A biological study from Stanford University finds the diversity of life in the world’s oceans has declined over the past 145 million years during periods of extreme warming. Rising temperatures that make it hard for cold-blooded sea creatures to breathe have likely been among the biggest drivers for changes in ocean biodiversity. “What’s important about our study is not that it shows we are having a loss of diversity when ocean temperatures rise but that pattern is maintained over millions of years,” said Thomas Boag, who co-authored a study. The team found proof for that pattern in rock records for ocean animals going back to the time when the first flowering plants appeared and the Rocky Mountains began to rise. They used earth chemical data as an indicator for past temperatures. They found that in colder periods, diversity reaches its maximum at low latitudes (纬度), but in hotter periods, its maximum is at higher latitudes. This pattern has been kept over millions of years. Armed with this finding, the team developed a digital model of the relationship between ocean temperature and biodiversity of ocean animals. The results suggest ocean biodiversity increases steadily with sea surface temperature up to about 20-25℃. Up beyond that range, biodiversity drops off due to the limits of oxygen content. As temperatures rise, water’s oxygen content falls, while animals’ need for oxygen grows. Imagine a mountain climber who might need extra oxygen to reach the top. Climbers have the option to carry an oxygen tank, but ocean animals, particularly cold-blooded species that rely on the external environment to manage their body temperature, are pushed to move and even likely face extinction. The findings paint an upsetting future for ocean ecosystems at low latitudes and many coastal communities who rely on them for food in the absence of action to dramatically slow global warming. If global warming is left unchecked in the coming centuries, it would kill off many species of ocean animals and move most survivors away from the warm waters. 1. What is the major finding of the study according to Thomas Boag? A. Global temperatures change. B. Ocean biodiversity declines. C. A pattern exists in the ocean ecology. D. A distribution of ocean lives remains. 2. How did the study team learn the global temperatures in history? A. By developing a digital model. B. By consulting earth chemical data. C. By researching ocean rock records. D. By conducting logical assumptions. 3. What is the last paragraph intended to do? A. Present a warning. B. Express a feeling. C. Offer a solution. D. Stress a finding. 4. What can be a suitable title of the text? A. Biodiversity and temperature changes B. Lower temperatures, richer ocean lives C. Lower latitudes, worse biodiversity risk D. Global warming and ocean life diversity 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是关于全球变暖对海洋生物多样性影响的研究，以及由此引发的对未来海洋生态系统和沿海社区的担忧。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“What’s important about our study is not that it shows we are having a loss of diversity when ocean temperatures rise but that pattern is maintained over millions of years(我们研究重要之处不在于它表明当海洋温度上升时，我们正在失去多样性，而是这种模式在数百万年的时间里一直保持着)”可知，Thomas Boag认为这项研究的主要发现是海洋生态中存在着一种模式。故选C。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“They used earth chemical data as an indicator for past temperatures.(他们使用地球化学数据作为过去温度的指标。)”可知，研究小组是通过查阅地球化学数据得知历史上的全球气温的。故选B。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The findings paint an upsetting future for ocean ecosystems at low latitudes and many coastal communities who rely on them for food in the absence of action to dramatically slow global warming. If global warming is left unchecked in the coming centuries, it would kill off many species of ocean animals and move most survivors away from the warm waters.(这些发现为低纬度地区的海洋生态系统和许多依赖海洋食物的沿海社区描绘了一个令人不安的未来，如果不采取行动显著减缓全球变暖。如果全球变暖在未来的几个世纪里不受控制，它将杀死许多海洋动物物种，并使大多数幸存者离开温暖的水域。)”可知，如果不采取行动减缓全球变暖，会有很多海洋物种死亡，并导致幸存者离开温暖水域。由此推知，最后一段主要是给我们提出警告。故选A。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“A biological study from Stanford University finds the diversity of life in the world’s oceans has declined over the past 145 million years during periods of extreme warming. Rising temperatures that make it hard for cold-blooded sea creatures to breathe have likely been among the biggest drivers for changes in ocean biodiversity.(斯坦福大学的一项生物学研究发现，在过去1.45亿年的极端变暖时期，世界海洋生物的多样性有所下降。气温上升使冷血海洋生物难以呼吸，这可能是海洋生物多样性变化的最大驱动因素之一。)”可知，本文主要讲的是关于全球变暖对海洋生物多样性影响的研究，以及由此引发的对未来海洋生态系统和沿海社区的担忧，因此最恰当的标题是D选项“Global warming and ocean life diversity(全球变暖和海洋生物多样性)”。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下·福建厦门十中·期中） Popular and distinctive, known for their kitten-like faces and red coats, red pandas are endangered with their numbers decreasing. Due to their fragmented (分散的) populations, obtaining an accurate count is challenging, but the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) estimates that fewer than 10,000 remain in the wild. Alarmingly, their populations are believed to have decreased by approximately 40% over the past two decades. Red pandas rely heavily on bamboo. About 98% of a red panda’s diet is bamboo. But unlike giant pandas that eat almost all parts of the plant, red pandas are captious and only dine on the nutrient-rich tips of the leaves and the tasty, tender shoots. They need a lot of it to survive-around 2 kilograms each day. Sometimes, if they have no other option, they will eat fruit, roots, acorns, grasses, insects, and bird eggs, as well as kill small animals. Unfortunately, finding enough bamboo has become increasingly difficult as red pandas’ habitats continue to shrink. Human activities such as deforestation for housing, farming, and mining have led to significant habitat loss. Additionally, livestock (家畜) in forests competes with red pandas for bamboo. Natural disasters, including landslides, floods, and heavy snow, have further damaged their habitats. Other threats include forest fires, invasive (入侵的) plant species, and the natural death of bamboo. Red pandas also face dangers from illegal hunting. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) reports that hunting is increasing, with red pandas being killed for their fur and meat. Some hunters even capture and sell them as illegal pets. Efforts are underway to protect red pandas and their habitats. China has established 46 protected areas, covering about 65% of the species’ habitats. India, Bhutan, and Myanmar have also established protected areas. Organizations such as the Red Panda Network and WWF are working with local communities to raise awareness, train wildlife guardians, and establish conservation programs. By supporting conservation efforts, individuals can help ensure a future for these endangered animals. Promising to protect the environment or virtually adopting a red panda can make a difference. 1. What makes it difficult to count wild red pandas? A. They frequently move from different habitats. B. They live in deep forests with little human access. C. Their numbers are decreasing too quickly to track. D. Their populations spread across different regions. 2. What does the underlined word “captious” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Greedy. B. Picky. C. Careless. D. Generous. 3. What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A. The impact of red pandas’ issues. B. The difficulty in protecting red pandas. C. The causes for red pandas’ endangerment. D. The situation of the habitats of red pandas. 4. Which is one way to protect red pandas? A. Adopting a red panda from the WWF. B. Encouraging locals to protect the environment. C. Breeding them in zoos for future release. D. Stopping all human activities in their habitats. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕小熊猫的濒危现状、濒危原因以及保护措施展开。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Due to their fragmented (分散的) populations, obtaining an accurate count is challenging, but the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) estimates that fewer than 10,000 remain in the wild. (由于它们的种群分散，要获得准确的数量是很有挑战性的，但世界自然基金会(WWF)估计，目前野生的小熊猫不到1万只。)”可知，野生小熊猫的数量很难统计是因为它们的种群分布在不同的地区。故选D。 【2题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“only dine on the nutrient-rich tips of the leaves and the tasty, tender shoots. (只吃营养丰富的叶尖和美味嫩嫩的嫩芽。)”可知，小熊猫只吃营养丰富的叶尖和美味嫩嫩的嫩芽，即它们对食物很挑剔，由此可知，captious意为“挑剔的”。故选B。 【3题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Unfortunately, finding enough bamboo has become increasingly difficult as red pandas’ habitats continue to shrink. Human activities such as deforestation for housing, farming, and mining have led to significant habitat loss. Additionally, livestock (家畜) in forests competes with red pandas for bamboo. Natural disasters, including landslides, floods, and heavy snow, have further damaged their habitats. Other threats include forest fires, invasive (入侵的) plant species, and the natural death of bamboo. Red pandas also face dangers from illegal hunting. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) reports that hunting is increasing, with red pandas being killed for their fur and meat. Some hunters even capture and sell them as illegal pets. (不幸的是，随着小熊猫栖息地的不断缩小，要找到足够的竹子变得越来越困难。人类活动，如为住房、农业和采矿而砍伐森林，导致了栖息地的显著丧失。此外，森林中的家畜与小熊猫争夺竹子。包括山体滑坡、洪水和暴雪在内的自然灾害进一步破坏了它们的栖息地。其他威胁包括森林火灾、入侵植物物种和竹子的自然死亡。小熊猫也面临着非法狩猎的危险。国际自然保护联盟(IUCN)报告称，狩猎活动正在增加，小熊猫被猎杀以获取皮毛和肉。一些猎人甚至捕捉它们并作为非法宠物出售。)”可知，第三段的主要思想是小熊猫濒危的原因。故选C。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“By supporting conservation efforts, individuals can help ensure a future for these endangered animals. Promising to protect the environment or virtually adopting a red panda can make a difference. (通过支持保护工作，个人可以帮助确保这些濒危动物的未来。承诺保护环境或虚拟收养一只小熊猫都能带来改变。)”可知，保护小熊猫的方法是鼓励当地人保护环境。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下·福建厦门外国语·期中） A dropped bag of chips disturbed a cave ecosystem in Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico. This cave is almost cut off from the outside world, so introducing anything foreign can be harmful. “Things in the damp cave get wet quickly,” says park guide Ashley. The snack attracts tiny organisms, causing unwanted growth. Soon, small animals like crickets and spiders came to eat, spreading the pollution. Rangers found the bag within hours. “But that can be all it takes,”says Ashley. “I’m sure some crickets got a bit of the snack.” Over 500 million people visit American public lands each year, creating many chances to harm wild places. “When you look at the numbers, it’s incredible,” says Watts, head of the Leave No Trace Center in Colorado, an organization aimed at minimizing human impact on nature. Food waste takes a long time to break down, especially in certain areas. “It takes much longer for an apple core to rot in a desert than in a forest,” says Blye, a teacher at the University of Utah. Leaving waste introduces animals to an unnatural diet and changes their behavior with sometimes disastrous results. Bears who taste garbage and become a threat to humans may have to be put down. “Bears can get used to unnatural food in three weeks,” says Watts. “Everyone loses in this case.” Biological waste is also problematic. Dog waste brings new bacteria into the ecosystem and scares away deer. Meanwhile, human waste and toilet paper introduces dangerous bacteria into water sources. In national parks, trails (小路) are designed to avoid sensitive areas. Stepping off the trail, even for a quick photo, can scare wildlife away. Impacts from many visitors result in long-term damage to nature and wildlife. But people don’t think of that when they see the perfect photo opportunity. “It’s just such a hard thing to resist,” says Blye. The risk to sensitive ecosystems isn’t obvious. “It’s easy to think, oh, there’s wildflowers over there. I shouldn’t step on that,” says Blye, but these tiny ecosystems full of microscopic organisms essential to desert life provide many benefits, including reducing the risk of erosion (侵蚀) and helping absorb rainfall, and can take hundreds of years to return to its original state. 1. What does Ashley mean by “But that can be all it takes.”? A. The rangers’ work is efficient. B. The damage has been done. $ 专题03 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·福建福州一中·期中） During the Spring Festival, Ne Zha 2 has become a phenomenon-level animated film, with cinema attendance rate reaching over 90%. When Ne Zha and Ao Bing had a fierce battle with Infinite Immortal, the vivid sound effects made me feel as if I were right there on the scene. Suddenly, a question popped into my mind: How were these impressive sounds created? Out of curiosity, I started searching back home and then entered the mysterious world of Foley artists. The term Foley was coined in memory of Jack Foley and his contribution to the art of sound effects. When sound effects were first added into movies, he innovated a unique way of creating sound effects, recording sounds onto a single track of audio and adding them to actions happening on the screen accordingly. Foley artists are like magicians of sound, adding vitality to films. Their working scenes seem simple but are filled with all kinds of tools and equipment. Ordinary objects are often transformed into precise sound effects: Shaking an umbrella can simulate (模拟) the howling of a violent storm. Even though Foley artists often work behind the scenes, their cooperation with actors is crucial to getting the essence of a film. “You have to act the scene…You have to be the actors and get into the spirit of the story the same as the actors did, on the set. It makes a big difference,” Jack Foley once stressed. In general, attention to detail is fundamental to successful Foley artists. They also need to have the ability to recreate sounds themselves, which requires creativity and imagination. Getting the perfect sound requires trial and error, which is why patience and persistence are equally important. In order to simulate the sound of a character running in the mud, Foley artists have to try countless materials, constantly adjusting the force and rhythm of stepping. As I was digging deep, titles like “Fewer than 100 Foley Artists Remain Active Worldwide” indeed struck me hard. I found the sad truth that while Foley work is an incredible addition to movies, the small number of working artists today may put it on the path to becoming a dying art. However, Foley work, to my relief, may change as virtual reality develops. Next time you’re watching a movie, remember those subtle sounds. They are like secret messages from Foley artists, reminding us they' re always there. 1. What contribution did Jack Foley make to the film industry? A. He pioneered sound effect creation. B. He invented recording equipment. C. He improved background music. D. He advanced live recording methods. 2. What did Jack Foley value most in his work? A. Practising trial and error. B. Working closely with actors. C. Being sensitive to details. D. Stimulating active imagination. 3. What does the last paragraph suggest? A. Foley work is becoming unnecessary with new tools B. Modern audiences clearly understand Foley work. C. Foley artists may be fully replaced by virtual reality. D. Foley work may be reshaped in the future. 4. What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To persuade readers to engage in Foley work. B. To introduce Foley work and explain its importance. C. To explore the reasons for Ne Zha 2’s success. D. To highlight future challenges in Foley work. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下·福建福州联盟校·期中） We all know the routine by heart: “Please ensure your seats are in the upright position, folding tables are closed, window shades are up, laptops are stored in the overhead bins and electronic devices are set to flight mode.” Now, the first four are reasonable, right? Window shades need to be up so we can see if there is an emergency. Folding tables need to be closed and seats upright so we can get out of the row quickly. Laptops can become dangerous in an emergency, as the seat back pockets are not strong enough to contain them. But why are airplane passengers asked to put their phones in airplane mode? According to the FAA website’s Safety Information page, “The FCC and FAA restrict the use of cell phones for airborne because their signals could interfere (干扰) with critical aircraft instruments. Devices must be used in airplane mode. You may use the Wi-Fi connection on your device if the plane has an installed Wi-Fi system and the airline allows its use.” If passengers don’t switch to airplane mode in-flight, the concern is that a phone’s radio transmissions could get in the way of the systems that planes use during the fight. What’s more, if the captain considers it necessary for safety, such as in a reduced-visibility landing, they have the authority to tell passengers to switch off their phones completely to make absolutely sure they don’t interfere with on-board communications and navigation (导航) equipment. However, the rules are different in different countries. This depends on the communications technology used in different countries and their airline safety regulations. 1. Where can the words in paragraph 1 probably be heard? A. On the bus. B. On the subway. C. On the street. D. On the plane. 2. How are the passengers likely to feel about the routine according to paragraph 2? A. Worried. B. Confused. C. Embarrassed. D. Disappointed. 3. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. Why Wi-Fi can be used on planes. B. How the FAA’s safety department works. C. Why phones are required to be in airplane mode. D. What rights passengers have on the plane. 4. Which section of a newspaper is the text most probably taken from? A. Travel. B. Sport. C. Environment. D. Art. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下·福建福州联盟校·期中） An art exhibition that combines scientific knowledge with creative inspiration was recently presented in Albany. The exhibition featured artworks from MIX Artists in the Great Southern that showcased unique art-science cooperation between contemporary artists and marine (海洋的) scientists working in the region. The waters of the south coast and around Albany are well-known for their unique diversity of plants and animals, and the works conveyed important marine science knowledge and current research to a broad audience. The Western Australian Marine Science Institution (WAMSI) provided opportunities for the artists to learn from marine scientists through talks, presentations and field trips. The artists also followed up with ongoing self-research and observation of their environment. Dr Jenny Shaw, WAMSI Research Director, said, “It’s been a great opportunity to move science into the community and also see different interpretations of marine research topics.” The scientists benefited from explaining their work to different audiences, and the interest from the artists was incredibly high, contributing to a shared appreciation for the marine environment. MIX Artists coordinator Annette Davis said the cooperation gave the artists fantastic insight into another world, and working with the scientists was fundamental to how the artworks had developed. “Responding with intuition (直觉), curiosity and imagination, the artists have interpreted their findings through chosen materials and techniques and created artworks to help move this understanding into the wider community,” Davis said. The pursuit of marine science inspired some artists, whose artworks often centre around the finely-balanced coastal environment and the impact of structural change. Catherine Higham used seagrass and bamboo to make a large listening horn (喇叭) to listen to underwater life. Christine Baker’s work, titled Micro Plastic Menu, was inspired by a talk on microplastic pollution and how it enters food chains. 1. How did WAMSI assist the artists? A. By aiding in materials creation. B. By providing technical guidance. C. By offering a platform for art sales. D. By organizing educational events. 2. What can we infer from the text? A. The art exhibition of scientists is very eye-catching. B. People are much more interested in science than in art. C. The participation of artists contributes to the spread of marine knowledge. D. Artists should go into the classroom to learn cultural knowledge. 3. Why is the work Micro Plastic Menu mentioned in the text? A. To highlight the personal experiences of the artist. B. To illustrate that artists draw inspiration from science. C. To demonstrate the use of technology in contemporary art. D. To emphasize the role of art in environmental conservation. 4. Which is the best title for the text? A. An Art Exhibition by a Famous Marine Artist. B. A Cooperative Art and Marine Science Exhibition. C. An Exhibition Showcasing Traditional Art Forms. D. A Conference Discussing Marine Science Advancements. Passage 4 （24-25学年高二下·福建南安·期中） The livestreaming and fast delivery industry have attracted so many young people that the industrial sector is short of manpower. “My advice is to encourage more young people to work in the factories and less in the express delivery sector,” Zhang Xinghai, a deputy to the National People’s Congress, China’s top legislature, said during the ongoing NPC annual session. Zhang wants more young people to work in the factories so that China’s manufacturing (制造业) sector continues to flourish. Whatever job young people do is a matter of choice, but the manufacturing sector is facing a labor crunch (短缺) for too many people prefer jobs in other sectors. A survey conducted by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security in the third quarter of 2021 found that of 100 jobs that were facing a manpower crunch, 58 were in the manufacturing sector. By 2025, the shortage in 10 key manufacturing industries could be as high as 30 million. It is time some strong measures were taken to attract people back to the factories. This can be done by raising the salaries of factory workers. According to a survey in Guangzhou, capital of Guangdong province, the annual income of express delivery workers in the city is more than 100,000 yuan ($15,831). In contrast, the average monthly salary of those doing blue-collar jobs in Guangdong in 2020 was just 7,108 yuan, or about 84,000 yuan a year. That gap surely needs to be reduced. Besides, the legal rights and interests of those doing blue-collar jobs need to be better protected. Express delivery workers can decide when they want to work, but factory workers have to work whenever the factory demands. Therefore, the authorities should protect factory workers’ rights to weekends, 8-hour working schedules and paid leave. Also, the promotion and salary growth structure of factory workers must be clearly defined. In a nutshell, to lure young people back to the factories, it is necessary to make blue-collar jobs more attractive. 1. What can we infer from Zhang Xinghai’s words? A. The future of the express delivery sector is hopeless. B. Working in factories in China are attractive to young people. C. Most young people are unwilling to work in the manufacturing sector. D. Working as a delivery man is quite easy for young people. 2. What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us? A. A lot of jobs in China are facing a labor crunch. B. Employment rate in China will be dramatically increased by 2025. C. There are 10 manufacturing industries facing manpower shortage in total. D. The industrial sector is facing a severe labor shortage. 3. Which is NOT the reason for manpower shortage in factories? A. Flexible working hours. B. Lower incomes. C. Undefined promotion structure. D. Unprotected legal rights. 4. What is the author’s attitude towards the current situation of manufacturing industry? A. Indifferent. B. Concerned. C. Unclear. D. Neutral. 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·福师大附中·期中） “Digital switching” is a term refers to the modern habit of swiping (刷) through and fast-forwarding online videos. Researchers from Canada did some exploration of it. Kay Y.Y.Tam, a psychology researcher, launched the study after noticing herself — and pretty much everyone else — swiping through online videos. This behavior was connected with the “Boredom Feedback Model”, a theory she had published in 2021. Boredom, she proposed, is rooted in attention shifts. These shifts often occur when there’s a gap between how engaged people actually feel and how engaged they want to feel. The unpleasant emotion can develop when a situation lacks novelty or meaning. “As digital switching involves frequent attention shifts, I wondered how this behavior might influence our feelings of boredom,” Tam said. In her study, more than 1,200 participants, many of them university students, first watched a single video for ten minutes. They were then presented with seven shorter videos, with the option to skip to the next. On average, they skipped eight times — but reported feeling more bored and less engaged when they watched the single video. Participants had a similar experience in another similar experiment. “I’m convinced that switching, when it comes to videos, is not a good idea if the goal is to have an enjoyable experience,” said Erin Westgate, a professor of psychology. “Sitting and toughing it out is likely a better choice.” The new findings add to a growing body of evidence that boredom is on the rise, despite a world filled with content we can access at all times. People who are bored often turn to their phones, only to feel more bored. Swiping on social media has also been linked to increased feelings of boredom. Boredom can motivate people to explore their environment and to stop investing time in an activity that has little to offer. However, if we rely too much on quick escapes, it would be like an animal jumping from tree to tree in search of food without staying long enough to see if a tree bears fruit. That animal risks starvation. 1. What is the cause of attention shifts according to Tam’s theory? A. The feeling of boredom. B. The unsatisfied desire. C. The degree of engagement. D. The lack of emotion. 2. What does Tam’s study of “digital switching” focus on? A. Its reason. B. Its consequence. C. The theory behind it. D. The solution to it. 3. What is the main purpose of the last paragraph? A. To solve a problem. B. To make a suggestion. C. To raise a question. D. To give a warning. 4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. Digital Switching: the End of Endless Boredom B. Digital Switching: the Result of Endless Boredom C. Digital Switching: the Trap of Endless Boredom D. Digital Switching: the Root of Endless Boredom Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下·福建莆田八中·期中） Following its move into podcasting (播客) two years ago, streaming platform Spotify started an audiobook (有声书) business. Though it has yet to start making its own recordings, last autumn it made a deal for 200,000 audiobooks to be available to its VIP users. Not to be beaten, Amazon-owned Audible, which had been used to being the market leader, upped its game, hiring Oscar-winning director Sam Mendes to record multi-voice versions (版本 ) of Dickens’ novels Oliver Twist and David Copperfield, and announcing last month that it had reached an agreement for a recording of J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter series, voiced by more than 100 actors and featuring a “groundbreaking new soundscape”. Dramatised audiobooks are not an entirely new phenomenon. The use of multiple voices made them accessible to readers who might not have had the patience for the written versions. For example, George Saunders’s Lincoln in the Bardo, which surrounded the dead son of Abraham Lincoln with a group of spirit voices, became a great game of “spot the big name”. Even single-voice readings can significantly change literature in which style is at the heart. Lucy Ellmann’s hit Ducks, Newburyport, is a case in point: a thousand-page stream of an Ohio woman’s thoughts, written in a single sentence. It unfolds on audio as a 45-hour monologue (独白), which is not the same thing at all, if only because an actor needs to breathe. To say that audio versions are different does not mean they are not as good as printed texts, as brain scans (扫描) have shown that they excite the same parts of the brain. Additionally, listening to stories makes hearts beat stronger than watching them, according to a latest study. For people with dyslexia (阅读障碍), they can even be a lifeline — as they can be for those who do not have time for, or the habit of, reading books. So while we celebrate what audiobooks have in common with their printed versions — both enable the brain to create its own pictures in a world where pre-produced images too often do all the work for us — we should also recognize that they are translations into a different medium, even when read by the authors themselves. What is certain is that there is room for both. 1. What strategy did Audible use to maintain its market leader position? A. Creating its own prize-winning audiobook content. B. Focusing on single-voice audiobook productions. C. Offering low-priced audiobooks to its new customers. D. Inviting a well-known director to record classic novels. 2. How does the author present the effects of different versions of audiobooks? A. By giving examples. B. By sharing readers’ experiences. C. By presenting data. D. By referring to experts’ words. 3. What is the purpose of the last but one paragraph? A. To show the advantages of audiobooks. B. To compare audiobooks with printed texts. C. To inform readers of findings about audiobooks. D. To stress audiobooks’ value in treating dyslexia. 4. What is the author’s view on the future of audiobooks and printed texts? A. It depends on the choices of readers. B. Both of them hold the future of reading. C. Audiobook popularity is not expected to last. D. Audiobooks will eventually replace printed texts. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下·福建泉州七中·期中） While AI can beat us at chess, driving cars, and even composing music, making us laugh seems to be its final boundary. My musical comedy, Artificially Intelligent, was inspired by the time I asked AI to write me a show based on my life, and it gave me some madly terrible results. I performed some of its materials in the show, and I even made AI write a song for an audience member live on the spot, and it was always funny in its terribleness. It generated songs telling the audience member who is a doctor to hit the eyes of her co-worker who she is always arguing with. However, this wasn’t independent thinking; we had to feed AI as much information as possible to get any results from it. When it comes to actually getting AI to craft jokes on its own, it can’t. The problem with AI and comedy is its lack of human nuance (细微差别) for humor. AI might be able to create a joke structure, but it does not have the ability to pull from personal experience. It lacks a point of view, situational awareness, context, and cultural awareness needed for good comedy. Irony (讽刺), a complex form of human communication, is hard for AI because of its reliance on context, tone, and cultural knowledge. Unlike humans, AI can’t infer meaning beyond clear statements. Irony involves saying one thing but meaning another, relying on shared context, but AI only processes text and can’t pick up audio and visual cues for irony. AI must signal it’s making a joke. As of now, though AI has made impressive progress in some areas, it is absolutely not funny, but in the future theoretically yes. When technology advances to the point where robots are walking around with free will and independent thinking, experiencing life and potentially even emotions, they would theoretically begin to have enough viewpoints to create comedy, or an activity that voices their experience of being an AI. However, this would create its own culture and would only be relatable to other AIs. The truth is that audience is really enjoying the AI-generated material in my show, even if the joke is bad. But — technically — does that make it funny? 1. How does the author illustrate AI’s limitation in making jokes in Paragraph 2? A. By providing data. B. By giving an example. C. By showing a survey result. D. By making a comparison. 2. What does the author try to explain in Paragraph 3? A. What AI jokes are made up of. B. How AI understands the meaning of irony. C. Why AI fails to create a good joke actually. D. Whether AI can learn from funny experiences. 3. What does the author think of AI in the future? A. It will relate its culture to humans. B. It will teach itself the theory of comedy. C. It will be free to express others’ feelings. D. It will develop its own culture of humor. 4. Which can be a suitable title for this passage? A. Will AI ever be funny? B. Is AI going to learn to laugh? C. Is AI the future of entertainment? D. Will AI be the pioneer in new fields? Passage 4 （24-25学年高二下·福建泉州科技中学·期中） Self-confidence is trusting in our abilities or qualities. It’s usually seen as a good thing. But is it possible that we might benefit from a little less confidence in our beliefs? For many years, Dr. Mark Leary, a neuroscientist at Duke University in Durham, N.C. , has studied the role of people’s beliefs in their behavior. He found overconfidence is very common, especially when it comes to what people believe to be true, and can lead us to disastrous decisions. In 1986, NASA believed that the risk of loss for any space flight was roughly 1 in 100,000. It was an overconfident belief and might have led to the explosion of the Challenger. The good news is that there’s a “vaccine (疫苗)” for overconfidence, and that’s what scientists call “intellectual humility”— recognizing that your beliefs could be wrong. A survey of 144 college students to measure their intellectual humility found that students who saw their thinking could be wrong tended to be more curious and more likely to seek out new knowledge. They ended up knowing more at the end of the day. But does it actually help you beyond that? To find out more, Dr. Tenelle Porter at Ball State University conducted a series of studies with high school students. She found that students with intellectual humility were much more likely to test themselves to see whether they really understood the material and seek out potential holes in their understanding. When they got test scores, they’d change their study strategics to improve their performance and master the material for the next test. Students who didn’t see their knowledge could be wrong might instead just sail through their studying and wouldn’t stop to ask themselves if they truly understood what they read, heard, or did. Such students thought they got a subject down pat, but when asked to explain it on a test, they found they didn’t actually understand as much as they had thought. Although it might be good for you, researchers recognize that questioning your beliefs can be truly hard. Still, it’s important to remember that questioning beliefs isn’t always about replacing old ones with new ones. If you find it hard to question a belief, try taking “baby steps.” 1. Why does the author mention the explosion of the Challenger? A. To express his sorrow for the loss. B. To stress the high risk of space flights. C. To show the result of wrong operation. D. To give an example of overconfidence. 2. What do we know about intellectual humility according to Porter’s research? A. It urged students to gain recognition. B. It encouraged students to take exams. C. It helped students to adjust learning methods. D. It motivated students to memorize knowledge. 3. What do the underlined words “got a subject down pat” mean in paragraph 5? A. Fully mastered a subject. B. Put great effort into a subject C. Really enjoyed a subject. D. Benefited a lot from a subject. 4. What will probably be discussed in the following paragraphs? A. Why questioning our belief is hard. B. Why intellectual humility is helpful. C. How to become a confident person. D. How to practice intellectual humility. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·福建福州一中·期中） Edward Wilson is America's, if not the world’s, leading naturalist. In The Future of Life, he takes us on a tour of the world's natural resources. How are they used? What has been lost? What remains and is it able to continue with the present speed of use? Wilson also points out the need to understand fully the biodiversity of our earth. Wilson begins with an open letter to the pioneer in environment protection, Henry David Thoreau. He compares today’s Walden Pond with that of Thoreau’s day. Wilson will use such comparisons for the rest of the book. The problem is clear: man has done great damage to his home over the years. We may wonder whether the earth, with human help, be made to return to biodiversity levels that will be able to support us in the future? Biodiversity, Wilson argues, is the key to settling many problems the earth faces today Even our agricultural crops can gain advantages from it. A mere hundred species are the basis of our food supply, of which around twenty carry the load. Wilson suggests changing this situation by looking into ten thousand species that could be made use of, which will be a way to reduce the clearing of the natural homes of plants and animals to enlarge farming areas. At the end of the book, Wilson discusses the importance of human values in considering the environment. If you are to continue to live on the earth, you may well read and act on the ideas in this book. 1. What does Wilson care most about? A. The environment for plants. B. The ecological variety of life on earth. C. The wastes of natural resources. D. The importance of human values. 2. Why is the open letter to Thoreau mentioned in paragraph 2? A. To express Wilson's longing for the past. B. To highlight the desperation of mankind. C. To emphasize man-caused damage to the environment. D. To call for more help to change the current situation. 3. How many species are most important to our present food supply? A. Twenty. B. Eighty. C. One hundred. D. Ten thousand. 4. What is this text most likely? A. An advocacy article. B. A research report. C. A book review. D. An introduction to a scientist. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下·福建莆田十五中·期中） Climate change is causing Europe to heat up more quickly than any other continent, and that heat is deadly, according to a new report by European climate officials. The whole planet is warming up because of heat-trapping pollution (吸热污染) from oil, gas and coal. But Europe is getting warmer faster. Samantha Burgess is the deputy director of the Copernicus Climate Change Service, which is the EU’s official weather and climate organization. She says Europe is warming about twice as fast as the global average. “Globally, we’re looking at about a 0.2 degrees Celsius change per decade, whereas Europe is, I think, about 0.4 degrees Celsius per decade.” Those tenths of a degree add up quickly. Europe is already more than 4 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than it was in the late 1800s. One reason Europe is heating up so quickly is that it’s very close to the Arctic, and the polar regions feel the effects of climate change more intensely. Another reason is that the ocean and atmospheric currents around Europe are warmer in general than those at similar latitudes (纬度) in other parts of the world. That’s why London’s winters are so much more temperate than Chicago’s, even though London is farther north. And it means that as the oceans and atmosphere heat up, Europe feels it in a big way. Last year was tied for the hottest year on record in Europe. A new report by the Copernicus Climate Change Service and the United Nations finds that the number of deaths from hot weather in Europe has grown by at least 30% in the last 20 years. Last summer was a prime (最典型的) example. During a heat wave in July, intense heat and humidity made it feel like it was 110 degrees Celsius or hotter in nearly half of southern Europe. That’s the kind of heat that can kill people if they don’t have access to air conditioning. Preliminary estimates say tens of thousands of people likely died. European cities are scrambling to make sure residents have access to air conditioning and reliable electricity for that air conditioning. 1. Why does the author mention what Samantha Burgess said in Paragraph 2? A. To indicate that Europe used the most oil, gas and coal. B. To suggest that Europe had the most people killed by heat. C. To prove that Europe was getting warmer the fastest. D. To tell us that Europe is in the Arctic region. 2. What caused London’s winter to be warmer than that of Chicago? A. The difference of latitudes. B. The distance from the equator. C. The impact of heat-trapping pollution. D. The effect of ocean and atmospheric currents. 3. What does the underlined word “scrambling” in the last paragraph mean? A. Climbing hard to the top of a mountain. B. Writing words too casually to be readable. C. Competing with others in order to get something. D. Managing to do something in a hurry. 4. Which column of a newspaper does this article belong to? A. Environment. B. History. C. Source. D. Health. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下·福建泉州中远学校·期中） Europe’s series record-breaking hot and dry summers have broken an easy link to climate change. Climate models show Europe warms faster than the rest of the planet and the Arctic melting eventually causes massive ocean currents (洋流) and regional hot air circulation patterns. Arctic melting is adding roughly 6000 cubic kilometers of water or more to the ocean per decade. As that fresh-water pours into the North Atlantic Ocean, it sits on top of heavier ocean salt-water and stops mixing. With less heat being stirred in from below, the surface water gets colder than usual during the fall and winter months, says Marilena Oltmanns, a climate scientist at the U.K. National Oceanography Centre. This phenomenon may explain the so-called “cold blob”, an area of sea in the North Atlantic that NASA nodeling suggests is one of the few spots on Earth getting colder. To explore how the fresh water from Arctic ice might be affecting weather, Oltmanns and her colleagues developed a way to combine data from satellites, and weather stations. They found when the freshwater-caused cold blobs were more intense, the boundary was sharper, bringing more powerful westerly (向西的) winds. As a result, the stronger westerlies move a warm ocean flow from roughly 45°N to 60°N. That shift can continue into the next summer. And like a barrier, this warm current, curls up and around the British Isles, allowing a mass of hot, dry air to camp out over Europe. “The study convincingly puts meat on the bones of an expectation I and others have had for a while — that the cold blob south of Greenland would influence North Atlantic weather patterns, as well as those downstream over Europe,” says Jennifer Francis, a climate scientist at Woodwell Climate Research Center. 1. What does the underlined word “cold blob” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Climate models. B. Ocean current. C. Cold water zone. D. Air circulation patterns. 2. What does paragraph 3 focus on? A. Introduce the form of cold blob. B. Present a phenomenon of climate changes in Europe. C. Survey some data for the study. D. Analyze the reason of hot and dry summer in Europe. 3. What is Jennifer’s attitude toward the study? A. Approving. B. Indifferent. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear. 4. What can we infer from the passage? A. Human activities change climate models. B. Arctic melting contributes to European heat waves. C. Climate changes have little impact on ocean currents. D. Global warming results in the rise of the temperature. 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·福建恒一集团·期中） A lack of scientific evidence has led some to question whether herbs used in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) actually relieve people’s illnesses. A new study, published in the journal Science Advances, might start to challenge that view. Scientists have developed a new tool that could be used to predict the effectiveness of these herbs. They’ve begun to confirm some of its predictions using clinical data from patients treated in a traditional Chinese medicine hospital. “To our knowledge, this is the first scientific theory to explain how a traditional medicine system works,” lead study author Xiao Gan, a researcher at the Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology in China said. In the new study, the authors looked at genes (基因) thought to be responsible for causing specific symptoms (症状) of disease. They relied on an already published dataset that connected the dots between disease symptoms and the underlying genes and proteins that give rise to those illnesses. Pulling this data together, the researchers were able to score how well these herbs might relieve specific symptoms of the disease. These scores were based on how close the herbs’ target proteins were to the proteins associated with various symptoms. The authors then compared their predictions to herbs recognized by the Chinese Pharmacopoeia as effective against specific disease symptoms. They also used the model to review prescriptions(处方) that patients at the Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Wuhan received while being treated for liver disease. Gan said the herbs that they identified as effective from the two data sources supported their model’s predictions. The authors also used their model to identify potential new applications for the herbs, beyond what’s already recommended by the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Testing natural products in clinical trials can be costly, so it is helpful to use computer simulations (模拟) to identify potential drug targets, said Xiang-Qun Xie, a professor at the University of Pittsburgh. Xie pointed out more data are needed to support these findings and that it would be useful to study how TCM herbs and modern medications may interact in patients who take them at the same time. 1. What is the purpose of the new study? A. To study the side effects of TCM herbs. B. To analyze the genetic makeup of TCM herbs. C. To forecast the effectiveness of TCM herbs. D. To compare TCM herbs with modern medications. 2. How did the researchers score TCM herbs in the study? A. By analyzing their chemical makeup. B. By carrying out clinical trials on patients. C. By asking patients about their experiences of using them. D. By comparing their target proteins with disease-related proteins. 3. What can be inferred about the study from paragraph 4? A. Some TCM herbs tested by the model are rarely used. B. The model may be used to develop new medicines. C. The data sources used by the model are not big enough. D. More models should be created to review prescriptions. 4. What might Xiang-Qun Xie agree with? A. Researchers should try to cut the cost of their study. B. It is necessary to find new ways to figure out potential drug targets. C. The weaknesses of computer simulations in drug development are ignored. D. The interaction between TCM herbs and modern medications needs to be studied. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下·福建莆田华侨中学·期中） DeepSeek, a relatively new name in the tech-world, has been making waves with its innovative approach to artificial intelligence. This company has developed advanced AI models that are designed to handle a wide range of tasks,from natural language processing to complex data analytics. One of the most remarkable features of DeepSeek’s AI is its ability to learn and adapt at an astonishing rate. It can analyze data, identify patterns, and then use this knowledge to make accurate predictions. For example, in the field of healthcare, DeepSeek’ s AI can process patient medical records, including symptoms, test results, and treatment histories.By doing so, it can aid doctors in diagnosing diseases more precisely and suggesting personalized treatment plans. DeepSeek also focuses on making its technology accessible. It has developed user-friendly interfaces(人机界面)that allow even those without technical knowledge to utilize the power of AI. This has led to its adoption in various industries, such as finance, where it can help with risk assessment and fraud detection. In the retail sector, it can analyze customer behavior to optimize inventory management and marketing strategies. However, DeepSeek’s AI also faces some challenges. One major concern is the ethical use of data. As the AI relies on large-scale data collection, ensuring the privacy and security of this data is crucial. DeepSeek is aware of these concerns and has implemented strict data protection measures. It adheres to international data privacy regulations and uses encryption(加密) techniques to safeguard the data it processes. Another challenge is the potential for bias in the AI algorithms. If the training data contains biases, the AI’s predictions and decisions may also be skewed (有偏见的). To address this, DeepSeek uses a variety of techniques, such as diverse data sampling and fairness-aware algorithms, to ensure that the AI is as unbiased as possible. Despite these challenges, DeepSeek is well-positioned to play a significant role in the future of AI. Its continuous innovation and commitment to addressing ethical and technical issues make it a company to watch in the rapidly evolving tech landscape. 1. How can DeepSeek’s AI be applied in healthcare? A. By relieving patients’ severe symptoms. B. By providing medical training for doctors. C. By facilitating the precision of equipment. D. By helping doctors with diagnosis and treatment. 2. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3? A. Deepseek is designed for professionals. B. Deepseek has the capacity to eliminate risks. C. Deekseek can replace customers to make decisions. D. Deepseek’s interfaces promote its extensive application. 3. What measures has DeepSeek taken to address the ethical use of data? A. It has ceased collecting private data. B. It has utilized the data with the users’ permission. C. It has adopted some technology to protect the data. D. It has prohibited sharing the data with other companies. 4. What is the author’s attitude towards DeepSeek? A. Objective. B. Favorable. C. Skeptical. D. Ambiguous. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下·福建永春二中·期中） College and high-school teachers are expressing concern about ChatGPT, an AI program that allows people with limited writing skills to create high-quality texts. It calls into question how and why we teach writing at all. If AI can do a fairly good job at most writing tasks, why spend so much time learning writing in school? In fact, learning to write goes beyond just mastering grammar, punctuation, and sentence structure. It involves much more. For one thing, it’s about learning to turn a loose set of thoughts into a clear line of reasoning — a skill that is useful for everyone, not just those who enjoy writing or need to do a lot of it for work. Learning to write also trains your imagination to construct the person who will read your words. It puts you in relation to someone you may not know, someone who may even not exist. When you learn to write, you learn to meet their needs in an unfamiliar context. Even ordinary assignments teach students to predict what another person knows and expects. Writing is never simply self-expression. It’s expression to a specific audience for a specific purpose. In some cases, like a love letter, a writer knows their audience very well. In others, the audience is every bit a work of the imagination as a novel’s characters are. Writers, then, should give up trying to address the public at large, but should imagine that a friend, though not the closest friend, is listening to our talk. When this act of imagination is done well, a reader can feel deeply understood, as if a stranger has told them some previously unknown truth about themselves. That’s how I felt reading “Difference Maker” — an essay about parenthood. While our situations were unique, naming the problem provided a deeper understanding. It seems unavoidable that large-language models of AI will allow us to offload some of the writing tasks that students learn in school. But we can’t allow ourselves to lose the capacity to empathize (共情) with distant strangers at just the moment when we’re more able than ever to communicate with them. 1. What is teachers’ concern about ChatGPT? A. It’s a challenge to apply it to teaching. B. It’s hard to grade a paper written by it. C. It limits students’ imagination and creativity. D. It questions the necessity of teaching writing. 2. What does the author think of learning to write? A. It helps with logical thinking. B. It is a basic skill for everyone. C. It focuses on correct expression. D. It is closely related to social skills. 3. What makes writing effective according to the text? A. Expressing oneself. B. Targeting intended readers. C. Conveying imaginative ideas. D. Creating attractive characters. 4. What may be a suitable title for the text? A. What AI Can’t Teach the Writing Students B. ChatGPT Writing VS Traditional Writing C. Never Lose the Capacity for Empathy D. What Is the Future for AI Writing Passage 4 （24-25学年高二下·福建三明双十中学·期中） Beethoven is a giant of classical music. And the one with the most influence at least when it comes to piano compositions. That’s according to a study in the journal EPJ Data Science. If you’re wondering how data analysis could determine something as abstract as cultural influence, it’s worth remembering the great thing about music: it’s the most mathematical of the art forms we actually can deal with because a lot of it is symbolic. The music is written in symbols that are connected in time. Juyong Park is a theoretical physicist at the Korea Advanced institute of Science and Technology. Park and his colleagues collected 900 piano compositions by 19 composers covering the Baroque, Classical and Romantic periods, from 1700 to 1910. Then they used that mathematical quality to their advantage by dividing each composition into what they called “code words,” a group of notes played at the same time—in other words, a chord. They then compared each chord to the chords that came before it. “Our computer model allows us to calculate the degree of shared melodies between past and future works.” said Park. The composer with top marks for novelty was Rachmaninoff. But when the researchers looked at those chord transitions across all 19 composers, it was Beethoven who was most heavily borrowed from—meaning, at least among the composers in this analysis, his influence was the largest. Their study comes with a couple caveats. The researchers only considered piano compositions in this work—-not orchestral works. And by only studying chord transitions, their conclusions wouldn’t capture artists who had influence in other ways. “It’s well understood that Mozart’s contribution to music mainly comes from the musical forms that he devised. That was not very well captured by our mathematical modeling.” 1. How did the researchers conduct the study? A. They turned music compositions into written symbols. B. They looked at how chords differed from previous ones. C. They collected 900 pieces from contemporary composer. D. They calculated the number of chords in each music piece. 2. What can be known from the research findings? A. Beethoven was best at coming up with new chords. B. Beethoven borrowed heavily from another composer. C. Rachmaninoff’s chords were most unlike previous ones. D. Rachmaninoff’s chords were copied by future composers. 3. What does he underlined word “caveats” probably mean? A. warnings B. benefits C. costs D. proofs 4. Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A. Beethoven Regarded as a Giant of Classical Music. B. Similarity between Music and Math Investigated. C. Beethoven’s Major Musical Contribution Confirmed. D. Computer Analyses Confirm Beethoven’s Influence. 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·福建三明五县·期中） You probably know the feeling of having a hearty meal at a restaurant, and feeling full and satisfied, only to take a peek at the dessert menu and decide the cheesecake looks just irresistible. So why is it that you just absolutely couldn’t have another bite, but you somehow make an exception for a sweet treat? Scientists now have a better understanding of the neural origins of this urge thanks to a recent study published in the journal Science. Working with mice, researchers tried to set up a scenario similar to the human experience described above. In the experiment, mice were first given a standard meal after not eating for a day. They ate until they were full. Then, during a 30-minute “dessert” period, researchers offered either more of the same food or a high-sugar option. When given sugary food, the mice ate six times more calories than when offered regular food. The researchers focused on POMC neurons in the hypothalamus, a brain region linked to feelings of fullness. They found that when mice ate sugary food, these neurons released beta-endorphin (内啡肽), a chemical that binds to opioid receptors in the brain, creating a sense of reward. This explains why we desire sweets even when full — sugar triggers a pleasure response in the brain. When scientists blocked this opioid pathway, the mice avoided sugar. Similar neural activity was observed in humans, suggesting that our brains are wired to desire sugar. According to Henning Fenselau, a study author, this mechanism likely evolved to encourage the consumption of high-energy foods like sugar. Other research has linked sugar to the brain’s dopamine (多巴 胺) system, with some studies suggesting long-term sugar consumption can have effects similar to addictive drugs. However, this study was short-term and didn’t examine long-term effects like weight gain or metabolic changes. Dr. Paule Joseph, a metabolism researcher, suggests that future studies should explore how these brain circuits function over time, especially with chronic sugar exposure. Understanding this reward pathway could help explain how overeating sugar contributes to obesity. This research sheds light on why we find desserts so irresistible, even when we’re full. 1. What is the main focus of the experiment? A. Sugar-caused weight gain in mice. B. Role of dopamine in food addiction. C. Effects of not eating for a long time. D. Neural basis of post-meal sweet desires. 2. Why did mice avoid sugar when the opioid pathway was blocked? A. They lost their sense of taste. B. They consumed too many calories. C. The sugar reward response was removed. D. Part of their brain was severely damaged. 3. In paragraph 5, what does “this mechanism” refer to? A. Preference for high-energy foods. B. Dopamine causing sugar addiction. C. Fullness neurons releasing chemicals. D. Sugar activating the brain’s reward system. 4. What does Dr. Paule Joseph suggest for future research? A. Developing drugs to block urges for sugar immediately. B. Studying how brain circuits change with long-term sugar intake. C. Comparing sugar’s effects to those of addictive drugs. D. Investigating why mice and humans have similar neural responses. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下·福建三明双十中学·期中） When we think about lives filled with meaning, we often focus on people whose grand contributions benefited humanity. Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther King and Nelson Mandela surely felt they had a worthwhile life. But how about us ordinary people, struggling in a typical existence? There is an important element to consider. Think about the first butterfly you stop to admire after a long winter or imagine the scenery at the top of a hill after a fresh hike. Sometimes existence delivers us small moments of beauty. When people are open to appreciating such experiences, these moments may enhance how they view their life. This element is defined as EA (experiential appreciation) by Joshua Hicks, a psychological professor at Texas A & M University. Recently, he and his research team set out to figure out whether EA was related to a person’s sense of meaning in a series of studies that involved more than 3,000 participants. At an initial test, researchers had participants rate their agreement of different coping strategies to relieve their stress. They found people who managed stress by focusing on their appreciation for life’s beauty also reported experiencing life as highly meaningful. Researchers then conducted a series of experiments, in which they gave participants specific tasks and, once more, asked them to report how strongly they identified with statements linked to purpose, etc. In one case, participants who watched an awe-inspiring video reported having a greater sense of EA and meaning in life, compared with those watched more neutral videos. After reflecting on the results collected from the participants, researchers confirmed their original theory. But applying that insight can be difficult. Our modern, fast-paced lifestyles fill the day with targets and goals. We are on the go, and we attempt to maximize output both at work and at leisure. This focus on future outcomes makes it all too easy to miss what is happening right now. Yet life happens in the present moment. We should slow down, let life surprise us and embrace the significance in the everyday life. 1. Why are the butterfly and the scenery on a hill mentioned in paragraph 2? A. To deliver moments of beauty. B. To explain personal experiences. C. To present the concept of EA. D. To show the necessity of protecting nature. 2. How did the researchers conduct the study? A. By studying previous research data. B. By analyzing the response from the participants. C. By shooting videos starring the participants. D. By designing different strategies to reduce stress. 3. Who tends to find life more meaningful according to the text? A. A person who always gets her life well-organized. B. A person who leads a fast-paced life. C. A person who often hears motivating speeches. D. A person who always expects future results. 4. What life philosophy does the author show in the last paragraph? A. No pains, no gains. B. Live your life one day at a time. C. Being on sea, sail; being on land, settle. D. Those who believe in their ability can do anything. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下·福建厦门六中·期中） Many scholars agree that a meaningful existence comes down to three factors: the coherence of one’s life, the possession of clear long-term goals and the belief that one’s life matters. But we believe there is another element to consider. Imagine the first butterfly you stop to admire after a long winter or the scenery atop a hill after a fresh hike. Sometimes existence delivers us small moments of beauty. When people are open to appreciating such experiences, these moments may further improve how they view their life. We call this element experiential appreciation, an ability to detect and admire life’s inner beauty as events happen. To better understand this appreciation, we conducted a series of studies involving over 3,000 participants. Initially, we had participants rate their coping strategies to ease their stress. Those managing stress by focusing on their appreciation for life’s beauty reported experiencing life as highly meaningful. In the follow-ups, we asked them to rate the degree to which they agreed with various statements, such as “I have a great appreciation for the beauty of life” and other statements related to coherence, purpose, existential mattering. Our results showed that the more people indicated that they were “appreciating life”, the more they felt their existence valuable. In the experiment that followed, we further explored the phenomenon by asking participants to watch an awe-inspiring video. They also reported having a greater sense of experiential appreciation and meaning in life in these moments, compared with those watching more neutral videos. The final results confirmed our original theory: appreciating small things can make life feel more meaningful. But applying that insight can be difficult. Our modern, fast-paced, project-oriented (任务驱动的) lifestyles fill the day with targets. We are on the go, attempting to make the most of our output. This makes it easy to miss what is happening right now. Yet life happens in the present moment. We should slow down, let life surprise us and embrace the significance in the everyday. After all, we live in a wonderful world. There is no end to the adventures we can have if only we seek them with our eyes open. 1. Why does the author mention the admiration of a butterfly? A. To raise a question. B. To describe a picture. C. To draw a conclusion. D. To introduce a concept. 2. What is mainly explored through the studies in Paragraph 3? A. The life of the participants involved in the study. B. The contribution of a long-term goal in life. C. The theory of experiential appreciation. D. The analysis of the belief that matters most. 3. What makes it hard for us to appreciate the present according to the passage? A. Our modern fast-paced lifestyle. B. The lack of opportunities. C. Our focus on individual feelings. D. The ignorance of future outcomes. 4. Which of the following suggestions will the author probably agree with? A. Fill every day with a great many targets. B. Find the inner beauty of ourselves. C. Appreciate little wonders of everyday life. D. Explore the end of a significant life. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·福建泉州科技中学·期中） A biological study from Stanford University finds the diversity of life in the world’s oceans has declined over the past 145 million years during periods of extreme warming. Rising temperatures that make it hard for cold-blooded sea creatures to breathe have likely been among the biggest drivers for changes in ocean biodiversity. “What’s important about our study is not that it shows we are having a loss of diversity when ocean temperatures rise but that pattern is maintained over millions of years,” said Thomas Boag, who co-authored a study. The team found proof for that pattern in rock records for ocean animals going back to the time when the first flowering plants appeared and the Rocky Mountains began to rise. They used earth chemical data as an indicator for past temperatures. They found that in colder periods, diversity reaches its maximum at low latitudes (纬度), but in hotter periods, its maximum is at higher latitudes. This pattern has been kept over millions of years. Armed with this finding, the team developed a digital model of the relationship between ocean temperature and biodiversity of ocean animals. The results suggest ocean biodiversity increases steadily with sea surface temperature up to about 20-25℃. Up beyond that range, biodiversity drops off due to the limits of oxygen content. As temperatures rise, water’s oxygen content falls, while animals’ need for oxygen grows. Imagine a mountain climber who might need extra oxygen to reach the top. Climbers have the option to carry an oxygen tank, but ocean animals, particularly cold-blooded species that rely on the external environment to manage their body temperature, are pushed to move and even likely face extinction. The findings paint an upsetting future for ocean ecosystems at low latitudes and many coastal communities who rely on them for food in the absence of action to dramatically slow global warming. If global warming is left unchecked in the coming centuries, it would kill off many species of ocean animals and move most survivors away from the warm waters. 1. What is the major finding of the study according to Thomas Boag? A. Global temperatures change. B. Ocean biodiversity declines. C. A pattern exists in the ocean ecology. D. A distribution of ocean lives remains. 2. How did the study team learn the global temperatures in history? A. By developing a digital model. B. By consulting earth chemical data. C. By researching ocean rock records. D. By conducting logical assumptions. 3. What is the last paragraph intended to do? A. Present a warning. B. Express a feeling. C. Offer a solution. D. Stress a finding. 4. What can be a suitable title of the text? A. Biodiversity and temperature changes B. Lower temperatures, richer ocean lives C. Lower latitudes, worse biodiversity risk D. Global warming and ocean life diversity Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下·福建厦门十中·期中） Popular and distinctive, known for their kitten-like faces and red coats, red pandas are endangered with their numbers decreasing. Due to their fragmented (分散的) populations, obtaining an accurate count is challenging, but the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) estimates that fewer than 10,000 remain in the wild. Alarmingly, their populations are believed to have decreased by approximately 40% over the past two decades. Red pandas rely heavily on bamboo. About 98% of a red panda’s diet is bamboo. But unlike giant pandas that eat almost all parts of the plant, red pandas are captious and only dine on the nutrient-rich tips of the leaves and the tasty, tender shoots. They need a lot of it to survive-around 2 kilograms each day. Sometimes, if they have no other option, they will eat fruit, roots, acorns, grasses, insects, and bird eggs, as well as kill small animals. Unfortunately, finding enough bamboo has become increasingly difficult as red pandas’ habitats continue to shrink. Human activities such as deforestation for housing, farming, and mining have led to significant habitat loss. Additionally, livestock (家畜) in forests competes with red pandas for bamboo. Natural disasters, including landslides, floods, and heavy snow, have further damaged their habitats. Other threats include forest fires, invasive (入侵的) plant species, and the natural death of bamboo. Red pandas also face dangers from illegal hunting. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) reports that hunting is increasing, with red pandas being killed for their fur and meat. Some hunters even capture and sell them as illegal pets. Efforts are underway to protect red pandas and their habitats. China has established 46 protected areas, covering about 65% of the species’ habitats. India, Bhutan, and Myanmar have also established protected areas. Organizations such as the Red Panda Network and WWF are working with local communities to raise awareness, train wildlife guardians, and establish conservation programs. By supporting conservation efforts, individuals can help ensure a future for these endangered animals. Promising to protect the environment or virtually adopting a red panda can make a difference. 1. What makes it difficult to count wild red pandas? A. They frequently move from different habitats. B. They live in deep forests with little human access. C. Their numbers are decreasing too quickly to track. D. Their populations spread across different regions. 2. What does the underlined word “captious” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Greedy. B. Picky. C. Careless. D. Generous. 3. What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A. The impact of red pandas’ issues. B. The difficulty in protecting red pandas. C. The causes for red pandas’ endangerment. D. The situation of the habitats of red pandas. 4. Which is one way to protect red pandas? A. Adopting a red panda from the WWF. B. Encouraging locals to protect the environment. C. Breeding them in zoos for future release. D. Stopping all human activities in their habitats. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下·福建厦门外国语·期中） A dropped bag of chips disturbed a cave ecosystem in Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico. This cave is almost cut off from the outside world, so introducing anything foreign can be harmful. “Things in the damp cave get wet quickly,” says park guide Ashley. The snack attracts tiny organisms, causing unwanted growth. Soon, small animals like crickets and spiders came to eat, spreading the pollution. Rangers found the bag within hours. “But that can be all it takes,”says Ashley. “I’m sure some crickets got a bit of the snack.” Over 500 million people visit American public lands each year, creating many chances to harm wild places. “When you look at the numbers, it’s incredible,” says Watts, head of the Leave No Trace Center in Colorado, an organization aimed at minimizing human impact on nature. Food waste takes a long time to break down, especially in certain areas. “It takes much longer for an apple core to rot in a desert than in a forest,” says Blye, a teacher at the University of Utah. Leaving waste introduces animals to an unnatural diet and changes their behavior with sometimes disastrous results. Bears who taste garbage and become a threat to humans may have to be put down. “Bears can get used to unnatural food in three weeks,” says Watts. “Everyone loses in this case.” Biological waste is also problematic. Dog waste brings new bacteria into the ecosystem and scares away deer. Meanwhile, human waste and toilet paper introduces dangerous bacteria into water sources. In national parks, trails (小路) are designed to avoid sensitive areas. Stepping off the trail, even for a quick photo, can scare wildlife away. Impacts from many visitors result in long-term damage to nature and wildlife. But people don’t think of that when they see the perfect photo opportunity. “It’s just such a hard thing to resist,” says Blye. The risk to sensitive ecosystems isn’t obvious. “It’s easy to think, oh, there’s wildflowers over there. I shouldn’t step on that,” says Blye, but these tiny ecosystems full of microscopic organisms essential to desert life provide many benefits, including reducing the risk of erosion (侵蚀) and helping absorb rainfall, and can take hundreds of years to return to its original state. 1. What does Ashley mean by “But that can be all it takes.”? A. The rangers’ work is efficient. B. The damage has been done. C. The cleanup takes a long time. D. The pollution has spread widely. 2. What is a result of foreign waste in public lands? A. A shift in animal behavior. B. A shortage of food supplies. C. A decline in bacterial species. D. An increase in regional conflicts. 3. Why does the writer mention wildflowers in paragraph 5? A. To praise their benefits to desert life. B. To highlight our damage to ecosystems. C. To stress their significance for photography. D. To show our unawareness of nature’s sensitivity. 4. It is conveyed in this passage that we should . A. encourage wildlife protection B. leave no trace in the wild C. promote national park tourism D. restore ecological damage / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $