Unit 5 博览万象 融会中西之文化通览（Word教参）-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版）

本讲义围绕“贸易与交流”“社会现象”“文学选读”三大主题构建学习支架，涵盖高频词汇积累（如caravan, barter）、语法填空（动词时态、词性转换）、社会现象阅读理解（NEETs现象）及文学经典选段（《野性的呼唤》），形成从基础语言要素到语篇理解再到文化赏析的递进式知识脉络。 该资料突出语言能力与文化意识培养，如“一带一路”话题佳句渗透家国情怀与人类命运共同体意识，NEETs阅读引导学生分析社会现象以提升思维品质。资料含词汇注释、句型分析及语法练习，课中辅助教师构建情境教学，课后帮助学生巩固语言知识、查漏补缺，实现语言能力与思维品质的协同发展。

贸易与交流 【高频词汇】 1．caravan n.　　　　　　 车队 2．barter v. 以物易物 3．commodity n. 商品 4．cargo n. 货物 5．transit v. 运输 6．vessel n. 船只 7．envoy n. 使者 8．tribute n. 贡品 9．spice n. 香料 10．porcelain n. 瓷器 11．textile n. 纺织品 【话题佳句】 1．(人教选必二U2)China's global outlook, with projects such as the Belt and Road Initiative, has helped us make connections across the world. 中国“一带一路”倡议等项目的全球前景帮助我们与世界建立联系。 2．(译林选必三U4)In the modern age, through the Belt and Road Initiative, the Silk Road is once again connecting the countries along the ancient trade routes and promoting the exchanges of different civilizations. 近代以来，丝绸之路通过“一带一路”的倡议，再次连接了古代贸易路线的各国，促进了不同文明之间的交流。 The merchants in the Silk Road might be the most active groups who were the significant driving force of the traffic in the Silk Road. Merchants have made an important 1.contribution(contribute) to the communication of western and eastern culture. In ancient times，when navigation was undeveloped, transport for sale over a long distance was an important method for ancient merchants in the Silk Road. In order to achieve more 2.commercial(commerce) profits, they had their adventure and long journey. People mainly depended on camels, horses and mules for their goods. A large trade team usually 3.consisted(consist) of dozens or even hundreds of camels. In the prosperous time of Han and Tang dynasties, groups of traveling merchants and rows of camels and horses 4.carrying(carry) commodities came and went in an endless stream between the East and the West. During their travel, they engaged in their trade and delivered different ideas, cultures and products to the East and the West. The most successful traders of the Silk Road were the Sogdians (粟特人), an Iranian people 5.who lived in today's republics of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan in Central Asia. They not only provided fresh goods for Chinese 6.and westerners, but also brought them special culture. By the fourth century, the Sogdians 7.had established(establish) numerous communities in China, particularly in Gansu and Ningxia. Emissaries from distant countries were sometimes merchants. While 8.paying(pay) tribute to the Emperor, in fact, merchants also engaged in the trade activities. The famous emissary Marco Polo was 9.initially(initial) a merchant. He traveled in the Silk Road by his own account, working for Qubilai Khan.He traveled overland through Persia across the Pamirs and south of the Taklimakan. Then he returned 10.by sea from China around South Asia to Hormuz, whence he went overland to the Mediterranean. Young People Are Rejecting Work. Why? Adapted from Financial Times “I'm considering living in the wild, just trotting around the globe with little money，” reads a post on a forum for NEETS. “I packed my bag and just left.” In this forum, a community of 44，000 people from around the world share advice and discuss the challenges of being a NEET—an abbreviation for not in education, employment or training. It is not just an online phenomenon. While the term first gained attention in 1990s UK government policy, which sought to help older teenagers into work, it has since been adopted internationally and by a wider subculture of economically inactive people. In the third quarter of last year, official UK figures showed 13 percent of 16 to 24-year-olds were NEETs. Two-fifths of these were looking for work and the rest were “economically inactive”， neither working nor looking, opting out of the labour market completely. This puts the number of economically inactive young people close to its highest level—a similar story in Europe and the US, where more than 1 in 10 young people are NEETs. Louise Murphy, economist at the Resolution Foundation think-tank, says mental health is another driver of rising NEET numbers. In the past 20 years, the proportion of young people reporting a disorder such as anxiety has increased from a quarter to a third. This makes them more likely to be out of work. Niall O'Higgins, an International Labour Organization economist, suggests younger people are also disappointed with the quality of jobs on offer, and are “lacking prospects for development, workplace training and the ability to build up their options”. “I could never go back to working a normal job again，” said Morgan, who left his role in 2020. “With inflation and rents rising, the incentive to devote all of my time to an employer to barely scrape by didn't make sense any more.” Now, employers make themselves more attractive by offering flexibility and support, including “exploring alternatives in terms of organisation of work”． 1．trot v．小跑，慢跑 2．abbreviation n．缩写 3．term n．术语，专门用语 4．subculture n．亚文化 5．inactive adj.不活跃的；不参与的 6．figure n．数字 7．opt out of 决定不参加，选择退出 8．think-tank n．智库 9．driver (熟词生义)n.驱动因素；动机 10．proportion n．比例 11．on offer 提供的，可获得的 12．inflation n．通货膨胀 13．incentive n．激励，动机 14．scrape by 勉强维持生计，勉强糊口 15．in terms of 就……而言，从……方面来说 答案：1.define　2.history　3.Present　4.causes　5.flexibility There are a 1.growing number of NEETs, which is short for those not in education, employment or training. UK data shows 13% of 16-24-year-olds are NEETs, with rising 2.mental health issues and 3.poor job quality as key causes. Employers are now offering flexibility and support 4.to attract young people. 1.In this forum, a community of 44，000 people from around the world share advice and discuss the challenges of being a NEET—an abbreviation for not in education, employment or training. [分析]　句中and连接并列谓语；破折号后内容为同位语，解释说明NEET。 [翻译]　在这个论坛中，来自全球的44 000名成员组成了一个社区，他们分享建议并讨论作为“尼特族(即未接受教育、无业或未参加培训的人群)”所面临的挑战。 2.While the term first gained attention in 1990s UK government policy, which sought to help older teenagers into work, it has since been adopted internationally and by a wider subculture of economically inactive people. [分析]　句中While引导让步状语从句；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰policy。 [翻译]　尽管这一术语最初因英国20世纪90年代的政策而受到关注，当时该政策旨在帮助大龄青少年就业，但此后它已被国际社会以及更广泛的经济不活跃人群构成的亚文化群体所采用。 3.In the past 20 years, the proportion of young people reporting a disorder such as anxiety has increased from a quarter to a third. [分析]　句中现在分词短语“reporting...anxiety”作后置定语。 [翻译]　在过去20年里，声称自己患有焦虑等疾病的年轻人比例已从四分之一上升到三分之一。 For the Love of a Man－2 Excerpt from The Call of the Wild 淘金潮时期，米勒法官家的爱犬巴克被贩卖到寒冷的阿拉斯加，它历经了重重磨难，最终回归到大自然。 But in spite of① this great love he bore② John Thornton, which③ seemed to be the result of civilizing④ influence, the strain of the primitive⑤， which the Northland had aroused⑥ in him, remained alive and active. He was a thing of the wild, come in from the wild to sit by John Thornton's fire, rather than a dog of the soft Southland stamped⑦ with the marks of generations of civilization. Because of his very great love, he could not leave this man, but from any other man, in any other camp, he did not hesitate⑧ an instant⑨； while the cunning⑩ enabled him to escape detection⑪. His face and body were hurt by the teeth of many dogs, and he fought as fiercely⑫ as⑬ ever and more shrewdly (机灵地). And Buck was merciless⑭. He had learned well the law of club and fang (犬牙), and he never forewent⑮ an advantage or drew back from a foe⑯ he had started on the way to death. He had lessoned from Spitz, and from the chief fighting dogs, and knew there was no middle course. He must master or be mastered; while to show mercy was a weakness⑰. Mercy did not exist in the primitive life. Kill or be killed, eat or be eaten, was the law, which he obeyed⑱. He sat by John Thornton's fire, a broad-breasted⑲ dog, white-fanged (白色尖牙的) and long-furred⑳； but behind him were the shades㉑ of all kinds of dogs, half-wolves and wild wolves, urgent and prompting㉒， tasting the savor㉓ of the meat he ate, thirsting for㉔ the water he drank, scenting㉕ the wind with him, listening with him and telling him the sounds made㉖ by the wild life in the forest, deciding his moods, directing㉗ his actions, lying down to sleep with him when he lay down, and dreaming with him and beyond him and becoming themselves the stuff of his dreams. Deep in the forest a call was sounding, and as often as he heard this call, mysteriously㉘ thrilling㉙ and luring㉚， he felt compelled㉛ to turn his back upon the fire and to plunge into㉜ the forest, and on and on, he knew not where or why; nor did he wonder where or why, the call sounding imperiously㉝， deep in the forest. But as often as he gained the soft unbroken earth and the green shade, the love for John Thornton drew㉞ him back to the fire again. Thornton alone held him. The rest of mankind was as nothing. Chance travellers might praise or pet㉟ him; but he was cold under it all, and from a too demonstrative (感情外露的) man he would get up and walk away. When Thornton's partners, Hans and Pete, arrived on the long-expected raft (木筏), Buck refused to notice them till he learned they were close to Thornton; after that he tolerated㊱ them in a passive㊲ sort of way, accepting favors from them as though he favored them by accepting. They were of the same large type㊳ as Thornton, living close to the earth, thinking simply and seeing clearly; and before they swung㊴ the raft into the river, they understood Buck and his ways. For Thornton, however, his love seemed to grow and grow. Nothing was too great for Buck to do, when Thornton commanded㊵. One day, at Circle City, “Black” Burton, a man evil-tempered㊶ and malicious㊷， had been picking a quarrel with a freshman at the bar, when Thornton stepped good-naturedly㊸ between. Buck, as was his custom, was lying in a corner, head on paws㊹， watching㊺ his master's every action. Burton struck out, without warning, straight from the shoulder. Thornton was sent spinning㊻， and saved himself from falling only by㊼ clutching㊽ the rail㊾ of the bar. Those who were looking on heard what was neither bark nor yelp (狗吠), but a something which is best described㊿ as a roar, and they saw Buck's body rise up in the air as he left the floor for Burton's throat. The man saved his life by instinctively throwing out his arm, but was hurled backward to the floor with Buck on top of him. Buck loosed his teeth from the flesh of the arm and drove in again for the throat. This time the man succeeded only in partly blocking, and his throat was torn open. Buck's reputation was made, and from that day his name spread through every camp in Alaska. ①in spite of尽管 ②bear v．怀有 ③此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句。 ④civilize v．使(文明) ⑤primitive n．原始人 ⑥arouse v．引起；唤醒 ⑦stamp v．印上 ⑧hesitate v．犹豫 ⑨instant n．瞬间 ⑩cunning n．狡猾 ⑪ detection n．察觉 ⑫ fiercely adv.凶狠地 ⑬ 此处“as...as”表示同级之间的比较。 ⑭ merciless adj.无情的 ⑮ forego v．放弃 ⑯ foe n．敌人 ⑰ weakness n．缺点 ⑱ obey v．服从 ⑲ broad-breasted adj.胸膛宽阔的 ⑳ long-furred adj.长毛的 ㉑shade n．阴影 ㉒prompting adj.激动人心的 ㉓savor n．味道，滋味 ㉔thirst for 渴望 ㉕scent v．闻 ㉖此处为v.-ed作定语。 ㉗direct v．指导 ㉘mysteriously adv.神秘地 ㉙thrilling adj.刺激的 ㉚luring adj.吸引人的 ㉛compel v．强迫；迫使 ㉜plunge into跳入 ㉝imperiously adv.专制地；狂妄地 ㉞draw [熟词生义] v．吸引 ㉟pet v．爱抚 ㊱tolerate v．容忍 ㊲passive adj.被动的；消极的 ㊳此处为“be of＋名词”句型，表示主语they所具有的特性。 ㊴swing v．使……突然转向 ㊵command v．命令 ㊶evil-tempered adj.坏脾气的 ㊷malicious adj.恶毒的 ㊸good-naturedly adv. 脾气好地 ㊹paw n．爪子 ㊺此处为v.-ing作状语。 ㊻spin v．快速旋转 ㊼此处为by doing作方式状语。 ㊽clutch v．抓紧 ㊾rail n．边缘 ㊿describe v．描写 roar n．咆哮 instinctively adv.本能地 hurl v．投掷 succeed v．成功 tear (tore, torn) [熟词生义] v．撕裂 reputation n．名声 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $