Unit 3 博览万象 融会中西之文化通览（Word教参）-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版）

本讲义围绕“水电与生态”“海浪能源”及文学选段三大主题，构建“高频词汇积累—话题佳句运用—语篇深度理解—语法结构分析”的学习支架，系统覆盖环保能源术语、复杂句式（如定语从句、非谓语动词）及文学文本解读等核心知识点。 资料以真实语篇（如雅鲁藏布江水电项目、海浪研究）和经典文学选段为载体，通过词汇注释、语法分析及语篇概括提升语言能力，借助中国能源项目案例培育文化意识与思维品质。课中辅助教师开展主题式教学，课后助力学生自主巩固词汇、梳理语法，弥补语言知识与语篇理解盲点。

水电与生态 【高频词汇】 1．hydropower n.　　　 水力发电 2．reservoir n. 水库 3．generator n. 发电机 4．transmission n. 传输 5．capacity n. 容量 6．renewable adj. 可再生的 7．emission n. 排放 8．sustainable adj. 可持续的 9．engineering n. 工程 10．canyon n. 峡谷 11．restoration n. 恢复 12．basin n. 流域 【话题佳句】 1．(译林选必三U3)A fleet of over 200 ships navigated the blue seas, with almost 28，000 people on board, which was a splendid scene. It would take 500 years before a larger fleet sailed the seas. 一支由200多艘船只组成的船队在蓝色的海洋上航行，船上有近28 000人，这是一个壮观的景象。直到500年后才有比这更大的船队在海上航行。 2．(外研选必四U5)The research conducted by these vessels is giving scientists a greater understanding of how the sea bed was formed, as well as helping identify areas for deep­sea drilling, taking deep­sea exploration into a whole new era. 借助这些潜水器所完成的研究有利于科学家进一步了解海床的形成过程，还帮助确定深海钻探区域，将深海勘探带入一个全新的时代。 Nestled in Nyingchi City, Xizang Autonomous Region, the hydropower project along the lower Yarlung Zangbo stands 1.as a century­defining endeavor with profound strategic implications. 2.Employing(employ) an innovative approach of channel straightening and tunnel diversion, the project will feature five cascading (梯级的) power stations with a total investment of 3.approximately(approximate) 1.2 trillion yuan. While prioritizing electricity transmission to external grids (电网), it will also cater to local energy needs in Xizang. As the world's highest river above sea level, the Yarlung Zangbo cuts through Earth's longest and 4.steepest(steep) canyon, boasting Asia's richest untapped water resources. Its lower reaches, with their dramatic elevation drops, form a rare “water energy treasure trove (宝库)”. The project is set to reach 5.an installed capacity of 60 million kilowatts, generating nearly 300 billion kWh of clean, renewable, zero­carbon electricity annually—enough 6.to power(power) over 300 million people for a year. Once operational, it will dramatically reduce China's 7.reliance(rely) on fossil fuels, accelerate progress toward the nation's “dual carbon” goals, 8.and strengthen global climate action. Additionally, it will spur development of surrounding solar and wind resources, fostering a 9.diversified(diversify) clean energy ecosystem and enhancing overall energy efficiency. China has adopted a highly responsible approach throughout the project's planning. Decades of research has informed its design，10.which carefully avoids high­risk geological zones and major disaster chains in the basin. Through comprehensive ecological compensation and vegetation restoration initiatives, it aims to establish a model for sustainable development that can inform similar projects worldwide. Breaking Point—Is the World Ready for Bigger Waves? Adapted from The Guardian Weekly Waves are a vital part of the ocean system, helping to control the rate at which the ocean absorbs heat and carbon dioxide and shape and sustain coastlines. And as ocean temperatures rise and weather patterns shift, they are changing, in some oceans growing bigger and more powerful. This has frightening implications for coastlines and the coastal communities that bear the ocean's fury. But if harnessed effectively, waves and the energy they transmit may play a part in tackling the climate crisis. The waves we see on the ocean's surface are mostly wind waves. Because wind pressure is never uniform, it creates tiny changes in the water's surface. As they move across the ocean's surface, these small changes interact and combine, first forming ripples, then longer and larger waves. Out on the open ocean, where powerful winds can blow on the water for hundreds or even thousands of kilometres without interruption, these eventually become the massive swells that crash onto shores in higher latitudes. Waves can also be created by seismic events such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. The waves created by these events can be immense. Or the ocean itself can cause waves. The ocean is classified into distinct layers of different temperature and salinity, and just as waves form on the interface between the water and the air, the outflow of fresh water from rivers and glaciers or tidal forces can send waves rippling along the boundaries between these layers. Another is the gravity of the moon and sun that rolls around the planet, which create daily motion of the tides. These processes play an important part in ocean mixing, helping to transport denser, cooler water from the ocean's depths towards the surface and to transfer nutrients and carbon from the sunlit upper layers into deeper water. While many scientists are concerned about the potential destruction and disruption of larger and more violent waves, others believe its role in tackling the climate crisis. 1．breaking point 临界点 2．sustain v．维持；支撑；承受 3．shift (熟词生义)v.改变 4．implication n．含义；暗示 5．bear (熟词生义)v.承担；承受 6．harness v．利用；治理 7．tackle v．处理；解决 8．uniform (熟词生义)adj.均匀的 9．ripple n．涟漪 10．swell n．海浪的涌动 11．seismic adj.地震的；地震引起的 12．immense adj.巨大的 13．salinity n．盐度；盐分 14．outflow n．流出；流出量 15．dense adj.浓厚的；稠密的 16．transfer v．转移；传递 17．disruption n．中断；扰乱；破坏 答案：1.vital　2.causes　3.attitudes Waves, vital for ocean system and 1.coastlines, are growing bigger due to climate change, 2.threatening coastal areas.There are various reasons for wave formation. For example, wind, seismic events, the ocean itself and tides. While the large and violent waves are destructive, their energy could fight 3.climate crisis if they are used properly. 1.Out on the open ocean, where powerful winds can blow on the water for hundreds or even thousands of kilometres without interruption, these eventually become the massive swells that crash onto shores in higher latitudes. [分析]　句中“Out on the open ocean”为介词短语作状语；where 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词open ocean；that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词swells。 [翻译]　在开阔的海洋上，强风能持续数百甚至数千公里不间断地吹拂水面，这种持续的风力作用最终会形成巨大的涌浪，冲向高纬度地区的海岸。 2.These processes play an important part in ocean mixing, helping to transport denser, cooler water from the ocean's depths towards the surface and to transfer nutrients and carbon from the sunlit upper layers into deeper water. [分析]　句中“helping to transport...deeper water”为现在分词短语作状语，其中and连接两个并列的不定式结构。 [翻译]　这些过程在海洋混合中起着重要作用，有助于将更稠密、更冷的海水从深海输送到表层，并将营养物质和碳从光照充足的上层水域转移到更深的水域。 Laurie Joined the Busy Bee Society Excerpt from Little Women 美国南北战争时期，一个普通家庭的四个姐妹的成长之路。 Laurie lay luxuriously① swinging② to and fro (来回地) in his hammock (吊床) one warm September afternoon, wondering what③ his neighbors were about, but too lazy to④ go and find out. He was in one of his moods, for the day had been both unprofitable (没好处的) and unsatisfactory, and he was wishing he could live it over again. The hot weather made him lazy, and he had avoided his studies, tried Mr. Brooke's patience to the utmost⑤， displeased⑥ his grandfather by frightening the maid and after high words⑦ with the stableman (马夫) about neglect⑧ of his horse, he had thrown himself into his hammock to be angry about himself. Then he heard the sound of voices. Peeping⑨ through the meshes (网) of the hammock, he saw the Marches⑩ coming out, as if on some expedition⑪. “What in the world are those girls about now？” thought Laurie, opening his sleepy eyes to take a good look, for⑫ there was something rather peculiar⑬ in the appearance of his neighbors. Each wore a large hat. Meg had a cushion⑭， Jo a book, Beth a basket, and Amy a portfolio (画本). All walked quietly through the garden, out at the little back gate, and began to climb the hill that⑮ lay between the house and river. “Well, that's cool，” said Laurie to himself, “to have a picnic and never ask me! I'll follow them, and see what's going on.” Possessing⑯ of half a dozen hats, it took him some time to find one. Then there was a hunt⑰ for the key, which⑱ was at last discovered in his pocket. The girls were quite out of sight⑲ when he leaped⑳ the fence and ran after them. Taking㉑ the shortest way to the boathouse, he first waited for them to appear, but no one came. Then he went up the hill to take an observation㉒. Laurie peeped through the bushes, and spotted㉓ the sisters sat together, with sun and shadow flickering (闪烁) over them㉔， the wind lifting their hair and cooling their hot cheeks. Meg sat upon her cushion, sewing㉕ gracefully with her white hands, and looking㉖ as fresh and sweet as a rose㉗ in her pink dress among the green. Beth was sorting㉘ the pine cones (松果), for she made pretty things with them. Amy was sketching㉙ a group of ferns (蕨类), and Jo was knitting as she read aloud. A shadow passed over the boy's face as he watched them, feeling that he ought to go away because uninvited㉚， yet lingering㉛ because home seemed very lonely and this quiet party in the woods most attractive to his restless㉜ spirit. He stood so still㉝ that a squirrel (松鼠), busy with its harvesting (收获), ran down a pine close beside him. But the squirrel saw him suddenly and skipped㉞ back. Beth looked up, found the face behind the trees, and signaled㉟ with a comforting smile. “May I come in, please? Or shall I be a bother？” he asked, advancing slowly. Meg lifted her eyebrows㊱， but Jo glared at㊲ him and said at once, “Of course you may. We should have asked you before, only we thought you wouldn't care for such a girl's game as this.” “I always like your games, but if Meg doesn't want me, I'll go away.” “I've no objection㊳， if you do something. It's against the rules to be idle㊴ here，” replied Meg gravely㊵ but graciously (和蔼地). “I'll do anything if you'll let me stay, for it's as dull㊶ as the Desert of Sahara (撒哈拉沙漠) down there.” Laurie sat down with a submissive㊷ expression. “Finish this story while I set my heel㊸，” said Jo, handing him the book. “Yes！” was the meek (温顺的) answer, as he began, doing his best to prove his gratitude for the favor of admission㊹ into the “Busy Bee Society”． ①luxuriously adv.舒适地 ②swing v．摆动 ③此处为what引导的宾语从句。 ④此处为“too...to...”结构，表示“太……而不能……”。 ⑤to the utmost极限 ⑥displease v．使不悦 ⑦high words愤怒的话 ⑧neglect n．忽视 ⑨peep v．窥视 ⑩此处“the＋姓氏”表示一家人。 ⑪expedition n．探险 ⑫此处for表示原因。 ⑬ peculiar adj.奇怪的 ⑭ cushion n．垫子 ⑮此处为that引导的定语从句。 ⑯ possess v．拥有 ⑰ hunt [熟词生义] n．寻找 ⑱此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which在句中作主语。 ⑲ out of sight看不到 ⑳ leap v．跳跃 ㉑此处为v.­ing作状语。 ㉒observation n．观察 ㉓spot v．发现 ㉔此处为with复合结构。 ㉕此处为v.­ing作状语，sew意为“做针线活”。 ㉖此处为v.­ing作状语。 ㉗此处运用了比喻的修辞手法，把梅格比作清新甜美的玫瑰。 ㉘sort v．整理，分类 ㉙sketch v．画速写 ㉚此处为状语从句的省略。 ㉛linger v．逗留 ㉜restless adj.不安的 ㉝still [熟词生义] adj. 一动不动的 ㉞skip v．蹦跳 ㉟signal v．(发)信号，示意 ㊱eyebrow n．眉毛 ㊲glare at怒目而视 ㊳objection n．反对 ㊴idle adj.空闲的 ㊵gravely adv.严肃地 ㊶dull adj.沉闷的 ㊷submissive adj.顺从的 ㊸set my heel站稳脚跟 ㊹admission n．允许进入 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $