Unit 3 Period 2 Learning About Language（Word教参）-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语动词不定式复习，系统梳理其形式（一般式、完成式、进行式的主动与被动）、句法功能（主语、表语、宾语等六种）及主动表被动特殊用法，构建从基础形式到实际应用的学习支架。 资料结合教材例句与表格归纳，通过单句语法填空和句型转换练习，提升语言能力（理解与表达），培养思维品质（分析对比不同形式功能），助力学习能力（主动巩固策略）。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后帮助学生查漏补缺，强化知识应用。

Period 2　Learning About Language 复习动词不定式 一、动词不定式的各种形式 (1)(教材P26)To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today. 今天，跨海越洋依旧是人们强烈的渴望。 (2)I feel delighted to have completed the project on time, as it was a task requiring a lot of hard work and dedication. 我很高兴能按时完成这个项目，因为这是一个需要大量辛勤工作和奉献精神的任务。 (3)He is said to be doing volunteer work in remote areas, helping communities in need. 据说他正在偏远地区从事志愿工作，帮助那些需要帮助的社区。 (4)It's a great honour for me to be invited to speak at the international conference. 能受邀在国际会议上发言对我来说是一大荣幸。 动词不定式的形式： 　　　语态形式 时态形式　　 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 进行式 to be doing 1.动词不定式的一般式(to do)所表示的动作通常与谓语动词所表示的动作(或状态)同时发生，或是在它之后发生，其被动形式为：to be done。 2．动词不定式的完成式(to have done)表示不定式的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，其被动形式为：to have been done。 3．动词不定式的进行式(to be doing)表示不定式的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。 4．在intended、expected、hoped、promised、wanted、wished、thought等后常用动词不定式的完成式，表示过去没有实现的愿望、期待或计划等。 二、动词不定式的句法功能 (1)(教材P26)To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations. 在早期文明中，人们对绘制伟大的世界地图充满激情。 (2)(教材P26)Marco Polo's tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes from west to east. 马可·波罗的故事激励了欧洲探险家寻找自西向东的海上航线。 (3)(教材P27)The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas, and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world. 这项倡议旨在鼓励历史悠久的丝绸之路所经地区的合作与贸易，同时加强中国与世界其他地区之间的联系。 (4)(教材P27)Trading has grown greatly in recent years, and will continue to do so in years to come. 近年来，贸易增长迅猛，未来几年也将持续增长。 (5)(教材P27)China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes, which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange. 中国已经在这些沿线地区的运输系统和服务上投入了数十亿美元，这将有助于整个地区的极大发展，有利于未来的贸易和文化交流。 动词不定式在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语，多表示具体的或某次具体的行为。 1．动词不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。为了保持句子平衡，往往把主语放在句尾，而用it作形式主语。 2．动词不定式作表语 动词不定式作表语时须放在系动词后面，表示具体的动作或将来的动作。这些系动词主要是系动词(am、is、are、was、were、been等)和表象类系动词(seem、appear等)。 如果句中主语部分有实义动词 do的某种形式，作表语的动词不定式可省略符号to。 *Given the current situation, the only thing I can do is (to) stay calm and wait for further instructions. 鉴于当前的情况，我唯一能做的就是保持冷静并等待进一步的指示。 3．动词不定式作宾语 (1)有些动词后接另一动词作宾语时，该动词习惯上要用不定式形式，而不用动词­ing形式，这类动词主要有hope、wish、want、agree、promise、demand、ask、refuse、manage、learn、decide、pretend、choose等； (2)think、find、feel、make、believe等动词可用于“动词＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do sth.”结构中。在此句型中，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。 4．动词不定式作宾语补足语 动词不定式作宾语补足语的情况：一是在有些动词或动词短语后面接带to的不定式；二是在感官或使役动词后接不带to的不定式(主动语态)。 5．动词不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语时，一般放在被修饰词后，表示一个将来的动作。不定式与被修饰词之间存在主谓或动宾关系。 (1)名词前有序数词、形容词最高级修饰，或被修饰的中心词是序数词、形容词最高级时，作定语的非谓语动词形式多为带to的不定式； (2)当被修饰的词是抽象名词(ability、chance、idea等)时，作定语的非谓语动词形式多为带to的不定式。 6．动词不定式作状语 动词不定式作状语时可以表示目的、结果、原因、条件、方式等。 动词不定式作结果状语时，常放在句尾，如so...as to...、too...to...等。有时动词不定式表示出人意料的结果，常在不定式前面加only。 三、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义 (1) Once the plan is made, we will have a lot of work to do every day. 一旦制定了计划，我们每天都会有很多工作要做。(2)(2023·浙江卷1月)The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control. 火车车厢的温度通常很难控制。 (3)(2022·全国乙卷)For a period of time，as a young athlete，I didn't know what to do.　有一段时间，作为一名年轻的运动员，我不知道该做什么。 (4)It is said that the driver was to blame for this car accident happening last night. 据说昨晚发生的这起车祸应归咎于司机。 动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义，常用于下列情形中： 1．动词不定式作定语与被修饰词构成动宾关系， 同时与句中另一名词或代词有逻辑上的主谓关系时。 2．在“主语＋be＋性质形容词＋动词不定式”结构中。 3．动词不定式与疑问代词连用时。 4．在“be to blame”中常用主动形式表示被动意义。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．I intended to have gone(go) to your house last night, but it rained. 2．The work is believed to have been done(do) perfectly, which is a great relief to the manager. 3．Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology to change(change) lives. 4．Activities there range from whale watching to hiking and accommodations, aiming to have(have) a low impact on the natural environment. 5．It is necessary for students to learn(learn) some survival skills in case of dangers. 6．The girl is often heard to sing(sing) the song in her house which is popular recently. 7．The airport to be completed(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 8．Some people try to knock me down，only to make(make) me more determined to do better. 9．The workers seem to have compromised(compromise) with the boss，because they are prepared to return to work. Ⅱ.语法与写作(句型转换) 1．The progress which will be made soon is of great importance. →The progress to be made soon is of great importance. 2．When we should hold the meeting is still to be discussed. →When to hold the meeting is still to be discussed. 3．It seemed that they were writing something for somebody. →They seemed to be writing something for somebody. 4．The girl got up earlier so that she might not be late again. →The girl got up earlier so as not to/in order not to be late again． 5．It is believed that he has achieved great success in his business, which has made him a well­known entrepreneur. →He is believed to have achieved great success in his business, which has made him a well­known entrepreneur. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $