Unit 3 Period 1 Reading and Thinking（Word教参）-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版）

本高中英语讲义围绕海洋探索主题，系统整合核心单词（如tale, negotiate）、单元语法（动词不定式复习）、重点短语（set sail等）及重点句型（what引导名词性从句等），通过分主题词汇（海洋环流、生态保护）搭建从基础语言知识到阅读分析再到观点类议论文写作的学习支架。 资料特色在于融合语言能力与文化意识培养，借助海洋探索相关词汇（如marine ecosystem）和话题佳句（如Sylvia Earle关于海洋重要性的名言）提升跨文化认知，阅读中的推理题（如推断段落主旨）与语法解析（如动词不定式作状语）助力思维品质发展，课中辅助教师系统授课，课后通过词汇默写、句型补全帮助学生巩固知识、查漏补缺。

[核心单词]　 tale　　　 extend　　　 negotiate league royal withdraw channel bond politics profession tournament mixture laptop coverage applaud tax capsule directory murder mercy possession opponent log arrest [单元语法]　复习动词不定式 [重点短语]　set sail，in a league of one's own，withdraw from, in hand, take action, all of a sudden [重点句型]　1.what引导名词性从句 2.there is a need to do sth. 3.动词ing形式作主语 4.as引导时间状语从句 5.“so...that...”引导结果状语从句 [写作任务]　观点类议论文 [Resources and development] ocean circulation　　　 海洋环流 creature n. 生物 fishery resources 渔业资源 condition n. 状况 shellfish n. 水生有壳动物 biological resources 生物资源 ecological adj. 生态的 compass n. 罗盘；指南针 marine adj. 海的；海产的；海生的 voyages of trade and exploration 贸易和探索之旅 discover new sources of food and energy 发现新的食物和能源来源 make a voyage around the world/sail around the world 环球航行 [Environment] promontory n.　　　　　 海角 bay n. (海或湖的)湾 sea level 海平面 coral reef 珊瑚礁 archipelago n. 列岛 marine ecosystem 海洋生态系统 [Conservation] awareness n. 意识 surround v. 包围 in harmony with 与……和谐共处 threaten v. 威胁 reflect on 反思 save endangered animals 拯救濒危动物 protect marine organisms 保护海洋生物 ecological balance 生态平衡 contribute to 促进；有助于 话题佳句 1.With every drop of water you drink, every breath you take, you're connected to the sea.No matter where on Earth you live.—Sylvia Earle 不管你生活在地球的何处，你喝下的每一滴水，呼吸的每一口空气，都与大海紧密相连。——西尔维娅·厄尔 2.The oceans are where life on Earth began and also the home to an incredibly various range of life. 海洋是地球上生命起源的地方，也是各种各样生命体的家园。 3.With the advancement of technology and development of the times, the exploration of the ocean has entered a new era.　随着技术的进步和时代的发展，对海洋的探索已进入了一个新时代。 4.If we fail to explore and protect the ocean, we risk losing valuable information and resources that could be crucial for future generations. 如果我们不探索和保护海洋，我们就有可能失去对未来几代人至关重要的宝贵信息和资源。 Period 1　Reading and Thinking 　〈教材助读＋语基默写〉见分册本 What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The stories of sailors. B．Ocean exploration of China. C．The change of the ocean transport. D．Ocean exploration in the past and now. 答案：D 答案：1.passion　2.cultural　3.African royal families 4．efforts　5.reach out 1．What can be inferred from paragraph 1? A．Marco Polo was the first to sail across the sea. B．Marco Polo's success was a passion for sea sailing. C．Making money was the only desire of early travellers. D．Columbus first sailed across the ocean from east to west. 2．What is the purpose of the Belt and Road Initiative? A．To satisfy people's curiosity and desire. B．To invest billions in systems and services. C．To revisit the ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He. D．To promote cooperation and trade and enhance relationships. 3．What is the function of the first sentence in paragraph 4? A．To present the background. B．To introduce the topic. C．To provide an example. D．To make a transition. 4．What's the main idea of paragraph 5? A．There is an urgent need to study the Arctic. B．China has cooperated with other countries on other significant projects. C．China has joined other nations on several expeditions to explore the Arctic. D．The ancient sea routes of Zheng He still have many other places left to explore. 答案：1～4.BDDB 1．Here, merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals, which also led to more awareness of each other's cultures.(Para.2) [分析]　该句为主从复合句。句中to negotiate trade deals是动词不定式短语作目的状语； which引导非限制性定语从句。 [翻译]　在这里，来自中国和许多其他地方的商人汇聚在一起，洽谈贸易协议，这也增进了对彼此文化的了解。 2．The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative.(Para.4) [分析]　该句为主从复合句。句中travelled by Zheng He为过去分词短语作后置定语；which引导非限制性定语从句。 [翻译]　作为“一带一路”倡议的组成部分，“21世纪海上丝绸之路”让郑和曾经走过的古代海上航线再度受到关注。 3．Although the ancient sea routes of Zheng He have been travelled many times, there are still many other places left to explore.(Para.5) [分析]　该句为主从复合句。句中Although 引导让步状语从句； left to explore为过去分词短语作后置定语。 [翻译]　尽管郑和的古代海上路线已经重走很多次了，但仍有许多其他地方有待探索。 It is well-known that mankind's greatest achievements have often resulted from trade and 1.curiosity(curious) and people of early civilisations had a strong desire 2.to complete(complete) the great map of the world.European explorers, 3.inspired(inspire) by Marco Polo's tales searched for sea routes from west to east.However, merchants and explorers from the East set sail from east to west many years before Columbus first did.In ancient times，Chinese merchants shipped silk to India，the Middle East，and Rome，along 4.what became known as the Silk Road.Trade between merchants from China and other places resulted in better 5.understanding (understand) of each other's cultures.In the Ming Dynasty，seven large fleets led by Zheng He set sail 6.from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea，and then to the east coast of Africa for trade and exploration.To reach out across the sea remains 7.a strong desire today.The ancient sea 8.routes(route) travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road，part of the Belt and Road Initiative.Besides，by now China 9.has joined(join) its friends across the sea on other important projects.With the 10.latest(late) technology in hand，the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future. 1．How did Marco Polo change the world? 2．What do you think is the significance of the Belt and Road Initiative? 答案：Open answers. Ⅰ.阅读词汇·识记 选出与单词对应的汉语释义 1．merchant n.　　　　 A．(调味)香料 2．fleet n. B．舰队；机群；军队 3．behold vt. C．商人；批发商 4．spice n. D．海的；海运的；海事的 5．maritime adj. E．看；看见 答案：1～5.CBEAD Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词 1．a fairy tale　　　　　　　　　 一个童话故事 2．take part in the league match 参加联赛 3．the English Channel 英吉利海峡 4．strengthen the bond between China and the rest of the world　　　　　　加强中国和世界其他地区的联系 Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活 根据提示写出相应的单词 1．extend[Ik'stend] vt.扩展；使伸长；延长→extended adj.延长了的；扩展了的；详尽的→extension n．延伸；扩大；延期；电话分机线；增建部分　 2．negotiate [nI'ɡəʊʃieIt] vt.商定；达成(协议) vi.谈判；磋商；协商→negotiation n．谈判→negotiable adj.可谈判的；可协商的 3．royal ['rɔIəl] adj.皇家的；王室的；高贵的→royalty n．王室成员 4．withdraw [wIð'drɔː] vi.& vt.(使)撤回；撤离→withdrawal n．撤回；退出(组织)；收回 Ⅳ.重点短语·再现 根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语 1．After months of preparation, they finally set sail(起航) on their round-the-world adventure, filled with excitement and expectation. 2．Most of the applicants were excellent and they all seemed to have some good qualities, but he was in a league of his own(他独领风骚). 3．She decided to withdraw from(退出) the competition because she felt unprepared and anxious about the upcoming challenges. 4．The scholarship program was established for the benefit of(为了……的利益) poor students, giving them the opportunity to achieve their dreams. 5．With the keys in hand(在手头), she eagerly rushed to her new apartment, excited to see her new home for the first time. Ⅴ.重点句型·呈现 根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子 1．动词不定式作主语 To complete the great map of the world(绘制伟大的世界地图) was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations.(Para.1) 2．what引导名词性从句 In ancient times, silk from China found its way overland to India, the Middle East, and Rome, along what became known as the Silk Road(后来闻名遐迩的“丝绸之路”).(Para.2) 3．过去分词(短语)作后置定语 A trading route across the sea was also extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean, centred around Ceylon(以锡兰为中心的)(now Sri Lanka).(Para.2) 4．which引导非限制性定语从句 Here, merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals, which also led to more awareness of each other's cultures(这也增进了对彼此文化的了解).(Para.2) 5．“there is a need to do sth.”意为“有必要做某事” From a scientific point of view, there is an urgent need to study the Arctic(迫切需要对北极进行研究) in order to understand climate change and its effects.(Para.5) 　　　　　　　set sail 起航；开航 【经典例句】 After months of preparation, the explorers set sail for the unknown territories, eager to expand their knowledge of the world. 经过数月的准备，探险家们起航前往未知的领域，渴望拓展他们对世界的了解。 set sail for...　　　 起航去……；动身去…… set aside 保留；储蓄；忽视；不顾 set about doing sth. 着手/开始做某事 set out (to do sth.) 出发；着手/开始(做某事) set off 动身；引爆；引发；触发 set down 放下；记下；把……写下来 set up 创立；建立；树立；搭建 【补全语段/完成句子】 (1)With all the preparations made, we set out to make/set about making popcorn(开始做爆米花).Meanwhile, we set down(写下) “Delicious Popcorn” on a board and we planned to set it up in front of our stand(把它竖立在我们的摊位前).Then, we set off/out for the market(向市场出发) like happy birds. 读后续写之动作描写 (2)尽管日程安排很紧，他还是决定每天留出两个小时进行锻炼。 Although he had a busy schedule, he decided to set aside two hours every day for exercise． 　　　　　　　 extend vt.扩展；使伸长；延长；提供，给予；表示 【经典例句】 I'm Li Hua.I'm honored to be here to extend a warm welcome to you on behalf of our school.　我是李华。我很荣幸能在这里代表我们学校对你们表示热烈的欢迎。 (1)extend to...　 　 延长到…… extend by... 延长了…… extend sth. to sb. 向某人提供/给予某物 (2)extended adj. 延长了的；扩展了的；详尽的 (3)extension n. 延伸；扩大；延期；电话分机线；增建部分 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 (1)(2023·浙江卷1月) The extended(extend) purpose of this activity is to help us gain a greater appreciation of the role that plants play in maintaining the balance of ecosystem. 应用文写作之活动介绍 (2)The school decided to extend the summer holiday by a week, hoping that students could have more time to relax and recharge. (3)由于需求量大，书店将工作日的营业时间延长到了晚上10点。 Because of the high demand, the bookstore extended its operating hours to 10 pm on weekdays． 　　　　　　　 negotiate vt.商定；达成(协议)vi.谈判；磋商；协商 【经典例句】 (2022·全国甲卷)Nowadays countries all over the world have negotiated with each other concerning how to protect oceans more efficiently. 现在，世界各国都在就如何更有效地保护海洋这一问题进行协商。 (1)negotiate with sb.for/about/over sth.＝negotiate sth.with sb. 与某人协商/谈判某事 (2)negotiation n. 谈判；磋商；协商 under negotiation 在商讨中 in negotiation with... 和……协商/谈判中 【单句语法填空/词汇升级/一句多译】 (1)Despite the challenges faced during the talks, the trade agreement remains under negotiation between the two countries. (2)They are negotiating with international partners to expand their market reach into new territories. →They are in negotiation with international partners to expand their market reach into new territories. (3)初次会议后，双方同意在接下来的几周内相互协商合作细节。 →After the initial meeting, both parties agreed to negotiate the partnership details with each other over the next few weeks. →After the initial meeting, both parties agreed to negotiate with each other about/over/for the partnership details over the next few weeks. 　　　　　　　 withdraw vi.& vt.(使)撤回；撤离；(使) 退出；提取；收回；停止供给；脱离(社会) 【经典例句】 (2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)From his expression, I sensed that David wanted to join in the running race instead of withdrawing from the race. 从他的表情中，我感觉到大卫想参加跑步比赛， 而不是退出比赛。 (1)withdraw...from... 把……从……撤离/撤回；从……中取出…… (2)withdrawal n. 撤回；退出(组织)；收回 【语境辨义/单句语法填空】 (1)She decided to withdraw some money from her savings account to pay for the medical expenses.提取 (2)As his condition worsened, Mr.Lee had no choice but to withdraw from community events.退出 (3)After discovering that the medication had severe side effects, the company withdrew its supply from the market.停止供给 (4)His withdrawal(withdraw) from the competition came as a shock to everyone, especially given his previous strong performances. 　　　　　　　 in hand 在手头；可供使用；在处理中； 在掌握中；在控制下 【经典例句】 Even though they had several offers in hand, they decided to wait and see if any better opportunities would come along. 尽管他们手头有几个提议，他们还是决定等待，看看是否会有更好的机会出现。 at hand 　　　　　　　 近在手边；在附近 at first hand 第一手；亲自 by hand 用手；手工 hand in hand 手挽手 stand hand in hand 携手并肩 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 (1)The teacher asked everyone to keep their textbooks at hand for quick reference during the lecture. (2)The artist spent months making the sculpture by hand, paying close attention to every detail. (3)The student participated in a volunteer program, experiencing the challenges of community service at first hand. (4)在面对挑战时，团队成员之间携手并肩以克服困难是非常重要的。 It is important for team members to stand hand in hand to overcome difficulties when they face challenges.读后续写之主旨升华 　　　　　　　 what引导名词性从句 【经典例句】 (教材P26)In ancient times, silk from China found its way overland to India, the Middle East, and Rome, along what became known as the Silk Road. 在古代，来自中国的丝绸沿陆路运至印度、中东和罗马，这条路就是后来闻名遐迩的“丝绸之路”。 (1)what可以引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等，当引导宾语从句时，what放在介词或动词之后，从句中使用陈述语序；what既可表示疑问，意为“什么”，也可表示“……的事物/样子/时间/地点/数量”等； (2)what在宾语从句中通常作主语、宾语或表语，在结构上相当于“the＋名词＋定语从句”。 【单句语法填空/一句多译】 (1)(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ) I'm a coach, an adviser, and a comforter, and that's what it means to be a hospital teacher. (2)(2025·浙江卷1月) Kevin followed out and told the arriving police officers what had happened. (3)她被朋友所说的那些话语感动，在艰难时期这些话语给予了她安慰。 →She was touched by the words that her friend had said, which offered comfort during tough times. →She was touched by what her friend had said, which offered comfort during tough times. 　　　　　　　 “there is a need to do sth.”意为“有必要做某事” 【经典例句】 ①(教材P27)From a scientific point of view, there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects. 从科学的角度来看，(我们)迫切需要对北极进行研究，以了解气候变化及其影响。 ② There is a need to educate people about the importance of waste reduction to protect the environment.　为了保护环境，有必要教育人们关于减少浪费的重要性。 there is no need (for sb.) to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事是没有必要的 in need 在危难中，在危急中；贫困的 in need of... 需要…… 【单句语法填空/一句多译】 (1)If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor.应用文写作之建议信 (2)There is a need to improve(improve) public transportation systems in order to reduce traffic jam. (3)(2025·浙江卷1月) Kevin learned an important lesson that day: always verify the facts before taking action, but never hesitate to help those in need. (4)她没必要为迟到道歉，因为今天早上的交通状况非常糟糕。 →She doesn't need to apologize for being late, as the traffic was terrible this morning. →There is no need for her to apologize for being late, as the traffic was terrible this morning. Ⅰ.品句填词 1．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) When we met, I extended my gratitude for his trust in me, gave him the fare and tipped him another sum of money. 2．(外研选必四U4)What really matters is a sound business plan, access to capital, and good management and negotiating(谈判) skills. 3．(译林选必二U2)Football is one of the most popular sports in the world and many countries have their own football leagues． 4．Purple is the special color to the royal family of ancient Rome. 5．The latest news revealed that the general withdrew(撤退) as soon as the crisis ended. 6．Storytelling is an ancient art form that has been used to hand down legends, tales and factual stories. 7．You can get what you want by legal channels(渠道) instead of violence. 8. (2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) The column will serve as a catalyst for closer bonds(联系) between students. Ⅱ.词块运用 1．The family is excited to set sail for China(起航前往中国), where they will enjoy a relaxing vacation. 2．The location for the new office building is under negotiation(在商讨中), with several potential sites being considered. 3．Due to health concerns, she decided to withdraw from the competition(退出比赛) to focus on her recovery. 4．She walked into the library with a book in hand(手里拿着一本书), eager to find a quiet corner to read. 5．She extended thanks to her colleagues(向同事表示感谢) for their support during her challenging project. Ⅲ.根据汉语提示并使用本部分句式结构完成下面的小短文 1．What we need to understand(我们需要理解的是；what引导名词性从句) is that the ocean holds countless mysteries and resources.2.There is a need to explore it further(有必要进一步探索它；there is a need to do sth.) to gain more knowledge and benefits.The ocean, 3.which covers about 70% of the Earth's surface(约占地球表面的70%；which引导非限制性定语从句), is a vast and unknown world. Marine scientists, 4.equipped with advanced technologies[配备先进技术；过去分词(短语)作后置定语], have made significant discoveries.However, much remains unexplored.5.To explore the ocean in a sustainable way(以一种可持续的方式探索海洋；动词不定式作主语) is of great importance. The areas explored in the past, marked by various research stations, have provided valuable data.But there is still a long way to go to fully understand this immense realm. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $