Unit 5 Period 1 Starting out&Understanding ideas（Word教参）-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（外研版）

本高中英语讲义围绕“Revealing nature”主题，系统整合核心词汇（seed, distant等）、重点短语（answer the call等）、重点句型（so/such...that...等）、过去完成时语法及植物观察日志写作任务，通过主题语基分类（生物、探索精神等）构建词汇网络，结合精读课文理解活动，形成从语言基础到语篇应用的学习支架。 该资料以“探索自然”主题为引领，融合语言能力与思维品质培养。话题语基分类词汇助力语言积累，精读课文的结构分析和语法填空活动提升分析推断能力，自查语基和课堂微练环节帮助学生课后查漏补缺，既辅助教师课堂教学，又促进学生自主学习能力发展。

Unit 5 Revealing nature 明晰目标——构建单元体系 ［核心单词］ seed distant sample suspect ancestor generate characteristic decline blame primitive detect root link centimetre ［重点短语］ answer the call, first choice, of all time, in question, be crowded with, come to exist, adapt to, a variety of, be native to, tiny amounts of, drive...away ［重点句型］1.so/such...that... 2.Sb./Sth.+be+过去分词+to do... ［单元语法］ 过去完成时 ［写作任务］ 植物观察日志 主题引领——话题语基培优 ［The living creatures］ flesh n. 果肉 bud n. 花蕾 cub n. 幼兽 claw n. 爪 shoot n. 幼苗 wild animals 野生动物 farm animals 家畜 ［The spirit of exploration］ curious adj. 好奇的 cautious adj. 谨慎的 serious adj. 严肃的 quick-minded adj. 思维敏捷的 full-hearted adj. 满腔热情的 determined adj. 坚决的 sceptical adj. 怀疑的 ［The evolution process］ reproduce v. 繁殖 extinct adj. 灭绝的 evolve from... 从……进化而来 die out 灭绝 natural selection 自然选择 keep the balance of nature 保持自然界的平衡 survive natural disasters 在自然灾害中幸存 ［The methods of exploration］ unearth v. 发掘 assume v. 认为 dig for remains 探寻遗迹 propose a theory 提出一个理论 collect samples 采集样品 analyse data 分析数据 话题佳句 1.It is a beneficial and necessary thing for us to cherish the beauty of the earth and explore the nature and humanity. 对我们而言，珍惜地球的美并探索自然和人性是一件有益且有必要的事情。 2.As the natural resources we have are limited, we have no reason to waste the precious resources without limit. 由于我们拥有的自然资源是有限的，所以我们没有理由毫无限制地浪费宝贵的资源。 3.This activity not only gave us a chance to get close to nature, but also gave us relaxation from our study. 这个活动不但给了我们接近大自然的机会，而且能让我们从学习中得到放松。 Period 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas 〈教材助读+语基默写〉见分册本 精读课文 语篇理解 Activity 1 Reading for Main Idea What does the passage mainly talk about? A. Darwin's interest in various things made him a great naturalist. B. Darwin's journey on the Beagle inspired his theory of evolution. C. Why Darwin was chosen to go on a journey with the captain of the Beagle. D. Darwin went on a journey to confirm his theory that humans had evolved over time. [答案]B Activity 2 Structure and Clues [答案]medical； disgrace； samples； evolved； evolution； most important Activity 3 Reading for Details 1．What do we know about Charles Darwin from paragraph 1? A. His father was disappointed with him. B. He was interested in his lessons at college. C. He knew the captain of the Beagle very well. D. He wanted to travel around the world by ship. [答案]A 2．What was Charles Darwin interested in? A. Travelling around the world. B. Living things on Earth. C. Communicating with others. D. Doing research on resources. [答案]B 3．What kind of person was Charles Darwin according to the passage? A. Humorous and clever. B. Intelligent and helpful. C. Knowledgeable and generous. D. Ambitious and persistent. [答案]D 4．What did Charles Darwin base his theory on? A. Experiments. B. Scientific research. C. Traditional beliefs. D. Famous sayings. [答案]B Activity 4 Structural Analysis 1．When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835, Darwin saw a variety of new species, but it was the birds that interested him the most.（Para.4） ［分析］ “When the Beagle...in 1835”为when引导的_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 从句；主句是but连接的并列句，其中第二个分句中“it was the birds that interested him the most”为_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 。 ［翻译］ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]时间状语； 强调句型； 1835年，当“猎犬号”抵达加拉帕戈斯群岛时，达尔文看到了各种各样的新物种，但最令他感兴趣的是鸟类。 2．Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor, which had arrived on the islands a long time before.（Para.5） ［分析］ 句子的主干为Darwin suspected，“that the finches...ancestor”为that引导的_ _ 从句，“which had arrived...before”为which引导的_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 从句，修饰先行词ancestor。 ［翻译］ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]宾语； 非限制性定语； 达尔文猜想这些雀鸟是从一个共同的祖先进化而来的，而该祖先很久以前就来到这片群岛了。 Activity 5 Grammar Filling for the Passage Charles Darwin, whose father predicted that he would be 1.   disgrace to himself and his family, didn't complete his 2.   （medicine） degree at college. However, his adventures on the Beagle led to one of the most important scientific 3.   （discovery） of all time. The journey on the ship, the Beagle, offered him a good opportunity 4.   （study） the living things in their natural environments. He was so fascinated by rocks, plants and animals 5.   he got his room crowded with samples. It was believed at that time that all species 6.   （appear） on Earth at the same time and hadn't changed since. Through his careful observation, he began to think 7.   （different）. When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands, he noticed that there was a difference between the beaks of the finches on each of the islands according to what food was available on that particular island. So he thought they must have evolved from a common ancestor, and they had evolved to adapt 8.   the environment. Darwin based his new ideas on his observation and generated his theory of 9.   （evolve）. The book, On the Origin of Species, explained his theory, 10.   （cause） a heated storm of debate. Today, it is still regarded as one of the most important works ever written. [答案] 1．a 2．medical 3．discoveries 4．to study 5．that 6．had appeared 7．differently 8．to 9．evolution 10．causing Activity 6 Discussion What have you learned about the spirit of scientific exploration? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]All of us are on the journey of life. We are born with the good qualities Darwin has. We just need to waken them and keep them awake! Keep exploring! Keep questioning! Keep thinking! 自查语基 知能落实 Ⅰ.阅读词汇·识记 选出与单词对应的汉语释义 A.鸟嘴，喙 B.雀科鸣禽 C.地质学家 D.丢脸，耻辱 1．disgrace n. 2．geologist n. 3．finch n. 4．beak n. [答案] 1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词 1．plant _ _ _ _ 播下种子 [答案]seeds 2．_ _ _ _ _ _ of the plants and animals 动植物样本 [答案]samples 3．evolve from a common _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 从一个共同的祖先进化而来 [答案]ancestor Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活 根据提示写出相应的单词 1．_ _ _ _ _ _ adj.遥远的；远处的→distance n.距离；远处 [答案]distant 2．_ _ _ _ _ _ v.进化→evolution n.进化（论） [答案]evolve 3．_ _ _ _ _ _ v.猜想，怀疑，觉得→suspected adj.可疑的；疑似……的→suspicious adj.怀疑的；可疑的→suspicion n.怀疑，嫌疑 [答案]suspect 4．_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ v.产生，创造→generation n.产生；代；一代人→generator n.生产者；发电机 [答案]generate Ⅳ.重点短语·再现 根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语 1．We're determined to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （响应号召） to take action and contribute to environmental protection. [答案]answer the call 2．While it is the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （首选） of many young travelers, Europe is also seen as a wonderful tourist attraction by many old people. [答案]first choice 3．The discovery of penicillin is widely regarded as one of the most important medical breakthroughs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （有史以来）. [答案]of all time 4．The issue of whether to carry out the new policy is currently _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （在讨论中）, and the decision will be made based on the results of the discussion. [答案]in question 5．The square _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （挤满） excited tourists, colorful market stalls and many street performers during the Spring Festival. [答案]is crowded with 6．This kind of plant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （产生） millions of years ago and has survived in various environments. [答案]came to exist 7．Humans have an amazing ability to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （适应）new environments, allowing them to survive in a wide range of conditions. [答案]adapt to 8．The island offers such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （各种各样的） scenery, activities and cultural experiences that it is a must-visit destination for anyone who loves to travel. [答案]a variety of Ⅴ.重点句型·呈现 根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子 1．强调句型 When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835， Darwin saw a variety of new species， but _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （最令他感兴趣的是鸟类）.（Para.4） [答案]it was the birds that interested him the most 2．“It seems/seemed （that）...”意为“看起来/似乎是……” _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （它们的喙似乎是……进化而来的） according to what food was available on that particular island.（Para.4） [答案]It seemed their beaks had evolved 3．“not...until...”意为“直到……才……” _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （它直到1859年才出版） and immediately caused a storm.（Para.6） [答案]It was not published until 1859 4．“so/such...that...”意为“如此……以至于……” But Darwin's scientific studies were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （如此具有说服力以至于） more and more people started to believe his theory.（Para.6） [答案]so convincing that 创意课堂 点面突破 1 distant adj.遥远的；远处的；远亲的；冷淡的 【经典例句】 ①（教材P66）The captain of the ship, the Beagle, wanted someone who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known”. “猎犬号”的船长希望找到一个“借此机会游历遥远而鲜为人知的国度并从中受益”的人。 ②（人教选必一U2）They have lived mainly as farmers since the 18th century, and they will probably be living the same way in the distant future. 自18世纪以来，他们主要以农民的身份生活，在遥远的将来，他们可能也会以同样的方式生活。 （1）be/become distant from离……遥远 （2）distance n.距离；远处；远方 in the distance在远处 at a distance 从远处，离一段距离 at a distance of在……距离处 within walking distance在步行距离内；步行就能到 keep sb. at a distance与某人保持一定距离 【单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子】 （1） We could see nothing in the thick fog a distance of five meters，so we got lost on the way home.［读后续写之场景描写］ （2） Small and distant _ _ the cities though my hometown is, there is always something different to catch your eye. （3） I saw some children waving to the foreign guests _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （在远处），but I couldn't see them clearly. （4） You can also visit the city museum, which is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （从你住的酒店步行就能到）.［应用文写作之推荐信］ （5） 了解玛丽很难，因为她总是与每个人都保持一定距离。 It is very difficult to get to know Mary because she _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .［读后续写之人物描写］ [答案] （1） at （2） from （3） in the distance （4） within walking distance of the hotel where you stay （5） always keeps everyone at a distance 2 be crowded with 挤满；充满；塞满 【经典例句】（教材P67）After Darwin had spent some time in South America, his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected. 在南美洲度过一段时间后，达尔文的船舱里满是他收集的动植物样本。 crowd v. 拥挤；挤满 n.人群；观众 crowd into挤进；涌入（某人）脑海 crowd in （on sb.）（问题、想法等）涌上（某人）心头 a crowd of一群；一堆 crowds of成群；许多 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 （1） The scenic spots are typically crowded _ _ masses of tourists during the peak holiday season, making it a challenging and sometimes stressful experience to visit. （2） 成群的学生涌进了校车，不一会儿，车里就挤得容不下其他人了。 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , and in a while it was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ anyone else.［读后续写之场景描写］ [答案] （1） with （2） Crowds of/A crowd of students crowded into the school bus；too crowded to hold 3 adapt to 适应 【经典例句】（教材P67） Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments? 也许动物在适应环境的变化时也逐渐进化了? （1）adapt v.适应；调整；改编 adapt oneself to...使自己适应…… adapt...from...根据……改编…… adapt...for...为……改编…… （2）adaptation n.适应；改编本 adaptable adj.有适应能力的；能适应的 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 （1） [（2024·浙江卷1月）]Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （adapt） by Joe McDonough, with music by David Kisor. （2） I am writing to ask you to help us with our English short play _ _ _ _ _ _ （adapt） from our English text.［应用文写作之求助信］ （3） Although some foreign students live in campus accommodation, Xie Lei chose to live with a host family, who can help with her _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （adapt） to the new culture. （4） 在纽约一年的时间里，要不是你的帮助，我不可能这么快就适应新环境。 But for your help during my one year's stay in New York, I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ so quickly.［应用文写作之感谢信］ [答案] （1） is/was adapted （2） adapted （3） adaptation （4） wouldn't have adapted （myself） to the new environment 4 suspect v.猜想，怀疑，觉得 n.［C］嫌疑犯;可疑对象 【经典例句】（教材P68）Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor, which had arrived on the islands a long time before. 达尔文猜想这些雀鸟是从一个共同的祖先进化而来的，而该祖先很久以前就来到这片群岛了。 （1）suspect sth./that...怀疑某事/…… suspect sb./sth. to be...怀疑某人/某事是…… suspect sb.of （doing） sth.怀疑某人（做了）某事 （2）suspicious adj.怀疑的；可疑的 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 （1） _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （suspect） that the traveler carried illegal goods，the Customs official stopped him and went through his suitcase. （2） I had been betrayed by those who I trusted several times, resulting in my _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （suspect） attitude towards everything and everyone. （3） 汤姆的朋友怀疑他在考试中作弊，这让汤姆感到非常沮丧，并且急于证明自己的清白。 Tom's friend _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , which made Tom feel very upset and eager to prove his innocence.［读后续写之情绪描写］ [答案] （1） Suspecting （2） suspicious （3） suspected him of cheating on the exam 5 “so/such...that...”意为“如此……以至于……” 【经典例句】①（教材P68）But Darwin's scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory. 但是达尔文的科学研究是如此具有说服力，以至于越来越多的人开始相信他的理论。 ②（人教必修三U5）I developed such a strong interest in stage design that I realised I wanted to spend the rest of my life doing it. 我对舞台设计产生了如此浓厚的兴趣，以至于我意识到我想用余生来做这件事。 （1）“so/such...that...”引导状语从句，该结构的具体形式如下： （2）在“so/such...that...”结构中，当so/such置于句首时，其所在句子要用部分倒装结构。 【单句语法填空/一句多译】 （1） [（2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ）]It was _ _ an extraordinary and memorable experience that I would always keep it in my memory. （2） We had little time to catch the train that we had to run as fast as we could to make it. （3） 他是一位极其负责任的老师，以至于我们都被他深深打动，永远不会忘记他对我们的学习和个人成长产生的影响。 →He was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ we were all deeply moved and we will never forget the impact he had on our learning and personal growth. →He was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ we were all deeply moved and we will never forget the impact he had on our learning and personal growth. →_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ we were all deeply moved and we will never forget the impact he had on our learning and personal growth. （倒装）［应用文写作之人物介绍］ [答案] （1） such （2） so （3） so responsible a teacher that；such a responsible teacher that；So responsible a teacher/Such a responsible teacher was he that 课堂微练 即时检验 Ⅰ.品句填词 1．It is the touching lyrics （歌词） and beautiful tunes that impress me and transport me back to the _ _ _ _ _ _ （遥远的） past. [答案]distant 2．The study showed lions and house cats had a common a_ _ _ _ _ _ . [答案]ncestor 3．When completed, the dam will be the largest one to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （产生） electricity in the central regions of the country. [答案]generate 4．Over sixty students took an active part in the activity, some weeding the flower beds, some sowing _ _ _ _ （种子） and others watering the garden. [答案]seeds 5．We _ _ _ _ _ _ （怀疑） they are trying to hide something, hence we need an independent inquiry. [答案]suspect 6．The scientist collected some insects and plants as _ _ _ _ _ _ （样品）in the mountain for his study. [答案]samples 7．Birds are widely believed to have e_ _ _ _ _ _ from dinosaurs over a period of millions of years through a process of gradual change and natural selection. [答案]volved Ⅱ.词块运用 1．The beach _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （挤满了人） enjoying the sunshine and the sea, playing volleyball, and building sandcastles. [答案]is crowded with people 2．The idea of artificial intelligence didn't _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （一夜之间出现）; it evolved over decades of research and development. [答案]come to exist overnight 3．_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （为了响应号召）, the city is scheduled to release more detailed educational policies to reduce students' learning burden. [答案]To answer the call 4．The expert has pointed out that how to carry out effective cost control _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （仍在讨论中）. [答案]is still in question 5．Not only has she _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （适应快节奏的生活方式） in the big city, but she is becoming more and more outgoing. [答案]adapted to the fast-paced lifestyle Ⅲ.根据汉语提示并使用本部分句式结构完成下面的小短文 Last weekend, I participated in a “Getting to Know the Plants Around Us” activity organized by our Students' Council. We gathered on the playground at 8:00 a.m. and then set off along the foot of the mountain behind our school. A local botanist told us about the different characteristics of various plant species as we went along. 1.   ［看起来每个人都被植物的美丽深深地吸引住了；It seems/seemed （that）...］ around us. 2.   （这次活动如此令人印象深刻，以至于激发了我们学生了解各种植物的热情；so...that...）. Moreover, 3.   （正是通过这次活动，我们意识到大自然是多么神奇；强调句型） and that we should spare no effort to protect nature. [答案] 1．It seemed that everyone was deeply fascinated by the beauty of the plants 2．The activity was so impressive that it aroused the enthusiasm of us students to get to know various plants 3．it is through this activity that we realize how amazing nature is 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $