U5 Period2 Using language-过去完成时课后巩固多维提能 （Word练习）-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（外研版）

课后巩固 多维提能 ［基础知识巩固练］ 维度一 单句语法填空 1．Tony _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （purchase） a plane ticket for me in advance online before I set off for the airport. [答案]had purchased 2．The shy boy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （plan） to drop out of school because of loneliness and sadness at the new place， but a small talk with the headmaster helped him out. [答案]had planned 3．In this experiment, they were woken up several times during the night, and were asked to report what they _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （dream）. [答案]had dreamt 4．To spread Chinese culture, he _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （refer） dozens of classic books before he made the presentation on poems of the Tang Dynasty. [答案]had referred 5．It was the first time that a serious problem _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （arise） in their project, so they had to consult Professor Yang. [答案]had arisen 6．I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （intend） to meet you at the airport, but someone came to see me just when I was about to leave. [答案]had intended 7．When first coming to the city, my parents often _ _ （have） a chat with neighbors, just as they _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （do） in the countryside. [答案]had； had done 8．When Mary arrived, she found all her children _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （be） asleep for nearly two hours. [答案]had been 9．No sooner had I seen him than I _ _ （know） he was the man the police were looking for. [答案]knew 10．He realized he _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （make） a mistake only after he had submitted his report. [答案]had made 11．[（2022·全国乙卷）]A few weeks before， I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （start） writing my term paper. I thought I could finish it by August. [答案]had started 12．He _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （work） on a ship for 8 years before he _ _ _ _ _ _ （become） the captain of the ship. [答案]had worked； became 13．When first coming to that city, my parents often had a chat with neighbours, just as they _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （do） in our hometown. [答案]had done 14．She was grateful for everything that the medical and nursing team _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （do） for her. [答案]had done 15．It was the second time that Jim _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （rush） out of the classroom without permission. [答案]had rushed 16．By the time I turned on the TV, the football player _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （score） two goals. [答案]had scored 17．He _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （plant） more than 6，000 trees on the mountain before we went to interview him. [答案]had planted 18．I _ _ _ _ （ask） you not to move my dictionary this morning—now I can't find it. [答案]asked 19．Tom _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （think） of visiting his grandmother, but the bad weather made him change his mind. [答案]had thought 20．By the end of last year, he _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （work） as a volunteer for twenty years. [答案]had worked 维度二 语法与写作 1．到上学期期末,我们已经学了大约4 000个英语单词。 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ by the end of last term. [答案]had learned about 4,000 English words 2．我原本打算从图书馆借一些书，结果却发现它正在维修中。 I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ， only to find it was being repaired. [答案]had intended to borrow some books from the library 3．我刚踏进教室，铃声就响了，我根本没时间准备上课。 I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , leaving me no time to prepare for the lesson. [答案]had hardly stepped into the classroom when the bell rang 4．那是他第一次面对面地和一个以英语为母语的人交流。 It was the first time that he _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ face to face. [答案]had communicated with a native English speaker 5．我们非常高兴，因为我们之前从未取得过这么好的成绩。 We were extremely delighted， _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . [答案]because we had not achieved such a good result before 6．我一回到家，大雨就倾盆而下。 I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ it began to rain cats and dogs. [答案]had no sooner reached home than 7．他一直看着她，想知道以前是否在哪里见过她。 He kept looking at her, wondering _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . [答案]whether he had seen her somewhere before 8．我发现这场讲座很难听懂，因为我到的时候讲座已经开始了。 I found the lecture hard to follow because it _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . [答案]had started when I arrived 9．当我到达戏院时，我发现票已经卖完了，这令我非常失望。 When I got to the theatre, I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , which made me very disappointed. [答案]found the tickets had been sold out 10．珍本打算去拜访你的，但她有了一位不速之客。 Jane _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , but she had an unexpected visitor. [答案]had intended to visit you 维度三 语篇填空 I had never seen such beautiful sights before I 1.   （visit） Paris in 2024.I 2.   （save） money for 5 years before I 3.   （book） my trip to Paris. I was very excited! Before my trip to Paris, I had never been out of the United States. When I went to Paris, I 4.   （spend） many days touring the city. The city 5.   （be） big. Sometimes I 6.   （get） lost and asked for directions in French. That was easy because I 7.   （study） French for 2 years before I visited Paris. By the time I left Paris, I 8.   （tour） many beautiful places. The Eiffel Tower, Notre Dame Cathedral, and Luxembourg Gardens 9.   （be） just a few of the places I saw. Before I 10.   （go） to Paris, I had only seen those places on television. [答案] 1．visited 2．had saved 3．booked 4．spent 5．is 6．got 7．had studied 8．had toured 9．were 10．went ［综合能力提升练］ Ⅰ.阅读理解 [（2025·海南海口一中期中）]A Plants are boring. They just sit there photosynthesizing （进行光合作用） while animals have all the fun. Right? Not so much. A new study has found that there is a long history of interactions between ants and plants. The ant and plant co-evolution （协同进化） started with ants feeding on plants and plants evolving ant-friendly features. Plants make a number of different structures that are specific for ant use. Some plants have evolved features that persuade ants into defending them from attack from other insects and even mammals. These include hollow thorns that ants will live inside, or extra nectar （花蜜） on leaves or stems for the ants to eat. Some ants will just cheat and take the nectar and run, but some will stick around and attack anything that tries to hurt the plant. Other plants get ants to help them move their seeds around, by providing them with rich food packets attached to the seeds. The ant will pick up the seed and carry it away, eat the food packet, and leave the seed—often in a nutrient-rich area where it'll grow better, and since it's farther away from its parent, they won't have to compete for resources. But scientists weren't sure how the evolutionary relationship between ants and plants got started. If evolution is an arms race between species developing ways to make use of their neighbors, then scientists wanted to know whether plants or ants fired the first shot. It was a chicken-and-egg question, whether things started with ants developing behaviors to take advantage of plants, or plants evolving structures to take advantage of ants. The history of ants and plants evolving together goes back to the time of the dinosaurs, and it's not easy to tell from fossils who fired the first shot. However, it is a question of little significance. Scientists say their study matters because it provides a look at how these widespread and complex interactions evolved. 1．Why do some plants attach food packets to their seeds? A. To reward the ants. B. To make a fool of ants. C. To get the seeds moved around. D. To provide nutrition for the seeds. 2．What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us? A. What ants do to protect plants. B. How plants and ants interact. C. How plants and ants survive attacks. D. Why plants and ants need co-evolution. 3．Which is TRUE about the evolutionary relationship between ants and plants? A. Ants depended more upon plants. B. How it got started was uncertain. C. It caused a race for better evolution. D. It was of little value for future studies. 4．What's the author's purpose of writing the passage? A. To introduce a science research method. B. To arouse readers' interest in science research. C. To inform readers of a latest research finding. D. To criticize people's traditional views about plants. [答案] 1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C [解析] 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Other plants get ants to help them move their seeds around...to the seeds.”可知,有些植物在种子上附着食物包是为了让种子四处传播。 2．段落大意题。根据第二段中的“Plants make a number of...for ant use.”和“Some ants will just cheat...to the seeds.”可知,第二段主要介绍了植物和蚂蚁是如何互动的。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But scientists weren't sure...got started.”可知,蚂蚁和植物之间的这种进化关系是怎么开始的还不确定。 4．写作意图题。通读全文,尤其是第一段中的“A new study has found...ants and plants.”可推知,作者写这篇文章的目的是告知读者一项最新的研究结果。 【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现,蚂蚁和植物之间的互动有着悠久的历史。 [（2025·成都树德中学期中）]B Plants cannot run or hide, so they need other strategies to avoid being eaten. Some curl up their leaves, and others generate chemicals to make themselves taste bad if they sense animals drooling on them, chewing them up or laying eggs on them—all signals of an attack. New research now shows some flora can feel a plant-eating animal well before it launches an attack, letting a plant prepare preemptive （先发制人的） defense that even works against other pest species. When ecologist John Orrock of the University of Wisconsin-Madison sprayed （喷洒） snail slime—a liquid the animals release as they slide along—onto soil, nearby tomato plants appeared to notice. They increased their levels of an enzyme （酶）, which is known to prevent plant-eating animals. “None of the plants were ever actually attacked,” Orrock says. “We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming, and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry.” Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails; in the latest study, his team measured the slimy warning's impact on another potential threat. The investigators found that hungry caterpillars, which usually eat tomato leaves greedily, had no appetite for them after the plants were exposed to snail slime and activated their chemical resistance. “This nonspecific defense may be a strategy that benefits the plants by further improving their overall possibilities of survival,” says Orrock, who reported the results with his colleagues in March in Oecologia. The finding that a snail's approach can cause a plant response that affects a different animal made Richard Karban curious, a plant communications expert, who was not involved in the study. “It is significant that the plants are responding before being damaged and that these cues are having such far-ranging effects,” Karban says. “The research was comprehensive,” he adds, but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them. “That's the million-dollar question,” Orrock says. He hopes future research will find out the mechanisms that enable plants to sense these relatively distant cues. 5．Why did John Orrock spray a liquid onto soil near tomato plants? A. To give them a warning. B. To make them grow better. C. To keep plant-eating animals away. D. To inform plant-eating animals of danger. 6．Why is the example of “caterpillars” mentioned in paragraph 3? A. To introduce another animal. B. To confirm the result of the study. C. To appeal to people to protect animals. D. To analyze different resistance chemicals. 7．What does Richard Karban really want to know? A. What the finding of the research is. B. What the chemicals in the snail slime are. C. Whether the research is of practical value. D. How tomato plants become aware of danger. 8．What can be a suitable title for the passage? A. Watchful Plants B. Greedy Animals C. A Snail's Approach D. Defense Against an Attack [答案] 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．A [解析] 5．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“We just gave them cues...in their chemistry.”可知,约翰·奥罗克在西红柿植株附近的泥土上喷洒液体的目的是给予植物一种警示,让它们能够产生自我保护性反应。 6．推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可推知,文中提到毛虫的例子是为了验证研究的结果。 7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的 “he wonders how the tomato plants...touched them”可推知,理查德·卡尔班想知道西红柿植株是如何感知危险的。 8．标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“New research now shows...against other pest species.”可知，本文主要介绍的是有关植物的科学研究,研究发现植物有对外在威胁或攻击的自我保护性反应。因此,A项适合作文章的标题。 【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现,一些植物可以在被攻击前很好地感觉到攻击者,这让植物准备了先发制人的防御,甚至可以对抗其他有害物种。 [（2025·福州八县市协作校期中）]C At Nature Fresh Farms in Leamington, Canada, there's something new among the rows of tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers and strawberries. Using thousands of sensors in every greenhouse, artificial intelligence（AI） technology is helping the farm in aspects such as lighting, irrigation and harvest timing, aiming to increase the yields of its crops and reduce its use of power and water. Farmers use drones （无人机） to survey farms and look for information on weeds, pests and diseases. A lot of research into AI and agriculture is done at institutions, but it then needs to be tested in a network of smart farms. One of the farms is Emili's Innovation Farms. “We really show how they work in a commercial setting and in a sense, act as a risk reducer as we try out these technologies and then share with others （including other farmers） how they actually work as a means to make it easier to adopt and fully use those new technologies,” said Ms. Keena, managing director of Emili. It takes time to find out whether new technology has affected a crop, and this can be a barrier to adoption for farmers. Sometimes it's within a year, or within a few years. Ms. Keena said, “We can't ask them to take big risks on integrating new technologies at scale as part of their operations in things that are unproven.” Innovation Farms addresses a piece of one of the barriers of people needing to be able to see these technologies rolled out in a full-scale and commercial way ahead of being able to adopt them themselves. Farmers' trust levels are also a barrier. Data are important to AI models, but farmers need to be better inspired to share their data in order to make the technology better. But over time, there's an increase in engagement from farmers. “Farmer engagement is absolutely critical to developing AI tools for agriculture. If they've seen it demonstrated essentially in their backyard through a smart farm, well, then we're that much further ahead toward adoption.” 9．What can be learned about AI from paragraph 1? A. It shortens production cycle. B. It replaces employees. C. It adds vegetable diversity. D. It changes how farms run. 10．Why is AI technology tested at Emili's Innovation Farms? A. To predict its future. B. To confirm its dependability. C. To expand its market. D. To introduce its advantage. 11．What's the key to removing the barriers? A. Bettering AI models. B. Developing more AI tools. C. Gaining farmers' recognition. D. Enlarging the farm scales. 12．Which can be a suitable title for the passage? A. AI: A Promoter of Farmers' Life B. AI: A Driver of Agricultural Development C. Smart Farms: The Key to Solving Water Scarcity D. Smart Farms: Replacing Traditional Farming [答案] 9．D 10．B 11．C 12．B [解析] 9．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“artificial intelligence （AI） technology is helping the farm ... pests and diseases”可知，人工智能改变了农场运营的方式，在多个方面助力农场运作。 10．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“We really show how they work...fully use those new technologies” 可知，在埃米利创新农场测试人工智能技术是为了确认其可靠性，让其他农民更放心地采用，降低风险。 11．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“this can be a barrier to adoption for farmers” 以及第四段中的“Farmers' trust levels are also a barrier.”可知，要消除这些障碍，关键在于获得农民的认可。 12．标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了人工智能如何助力农场运营、在创新农场进行测试以确认可靠性以及推广中面临的障碍与解决关键等内容，重点突出了人工智能对农业发展的推动作用。B项最合适作文章标题。 【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了人工智能对农业的帮助、目前面临的障碍及其前景。 Ⅱ.七选五 [（2025·保定部分高中期中联考）]Tomato plants are adaptable to less-than-optimal conditions, but meeting their preferred conditions yields （出产） the juiciest and most delicious fruit. Light. 1.   In extremely hot conditions, the morning sunlight and afternoon shade are sufficient. Although the plants can grow in mainly shady areas, the production of fruit will be severely limited. Soil and water. Tomato plants grow best when they have fertile soil and consistent moisture（水分）. If it rains less than 25.4 millimeters per week, you need to water them yourself. 2.   Placing much around your tomato plants discourages weeds, maintains soil moisture, and prevents diseases from splashing off the soil onto the leaves when it rains. Aim for a 3- to 4-inch-thick layer of the organic covering, such as straw, chopped leaves or finely shredded wood chips. Temperature and humidity. 3.   Wait until the soil warms in spring before setting out plants. Tomato plants grow well when the temperature is about 25 . Although they love the sun, when the temperature rises above 40 , they will stop growing. Tomatoes like a relatively high humidity level of 65 percent to 85 percent. Levels higher than this range negatively affect the plants. 4.   Tomato plants grow best when fertilized at two specific times during the growing season: right after planting and just before the fruit develops. Apply balanced liquid plant food to them. Pruning （打杈）. Tomato plants don't have to be pruned. However, removing any side shoots growing between the main stem and a branch is a good idea. 5.   A.Fertilizer. B.The planting area. C.Tomatoes are warm-weather fans. D.In general, tomato plants require the full sun. E.However, to prevent diseases, avoid wetting the leaves. F.To make them grow better, water them as often as you can. G.They can influence the growth of main branches growing fruit. [答案] 1．D 2．E 3．C 4．A 5．G [解析] 1．根据上文“Light.”以及下文“In extremely hot conditions...will be severely limited.”可知,本段主要说明了番茄的生长需要阳光。D项符合语境。 2．根据上文“If it rains less than...water them yourself.”可知,空处应说明自己浇水的注意事项。E项符合语境。 3．根据下文“Wait until the soil warms...stop growing.”可知,空处应说明番茄喜欢温暖的天气。C项符合语境。 4．根据下文“Tomato plants grow best when fertilized...plant food to them.”可知,本段主要介绍施肥。A项“Fertilizer.”对应下文中的fertilized。 5．根据上文“However, removing any side shoots...is a good idea.”可知,空处应承接上文,说明除去侧枝的原因。G项符合语境。 【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了种植番茄的最佳环境。 Ⅲ.语法填空 [（2025·宿迁高二期末）]The story of Atlantis is one of the 1.   （old） mysteries in the world. But how did the story begin? More than 2,000 years ago, a famous Greek writer Plato wrote a story about a beautiful island in the Atlantic Ocean, 2.   he called the island of Atlantis. The people there were very rich and 3.   （success）. However, as they grew richer, they became selfish and greedy and they started to argue and fight 4.   each other and the people from the other islands. Then, one day, as a 5.   （punish）, a huge earthquake came and great waves covered the island of Atlantis until it disappeared under the sea. For over 2,000 years, everyone thought the island of Atlantis 6.   （be） just a fantastic story until an American politician and writer 7.   （name） Donnelly studied the history of floods and natural disasters from Egypt to Mexico and thought the story was about a real natural disaster. Then, in 8.   late 1960s, the ruins of an ancient city on the Greek island of Thera were discovered by a Greek historian. When the historian and his team examined the ruins of the ancient city, they found a group of people had lived there before and the city 9.   （destroy） and buried by a volcanic eruption. So, was Thera truly the island that Plato had described in his books? No one knows and the story of Atlantis 10.   （remain） a mystery. [答案] 1．oldest 2．which 3．successful 4．with/against 5．punishment 6．was 7．named 8．the 9．had been destroyed 10．remains [解析] 1．考查形容词最高级。“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”为固定用法，空处应用形容词最高级形式。 2．考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，先行词为a beautiful island，指物，应用关系代词which。 3．考查形容词。分析句子结构并根据rich and可知，此处与rich并列，应用形容词作表语。 4．考查介词。fight with/against意为“和……斗争”，为固定搭配。 5．考查名词。空处在介词as后,应用名词形式作宾语，空前有不定冠词修饰，应用名词单数形式。 6．考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处是从句的谓语；根据everyone thought可知，应用一般过去时；主语the island of Atlantis为第三人称单数，应用第三人称单数形式was。 7．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构并根据句意可知,name和主语an American politician and writer之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。 8．考查定冠词。“整十年份后+s”表示年代，其前应用定冠词the。 9．考查动词的时态和语态。谓语动词destroy和主语the city之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；根据语境可知，这座城市被一次火山爆发摧毁并掩埋发生在他们发现之前，应用过去完成时。 10．考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构并根据No one knows可知，应用一般现在时；且主语the story of Atlantis为第三人称单数,空处应用第三人称单数形式。 【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。亚特兰蒂斯的故事是世界上最古老的谜团之一，文章对故事的起源和神秘之处进行了介绍。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $