Unit 5 Revealing nature-教材原文助读9（课件PPT）-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（外研版）

该高中英语课件围绕“揭示自然”主题，聚焦达尔文进化论，涵盖词汇积累、课文讲解、人物小传及原文翻译，通过词汇注释（如profit、opportunity）、语法解析（如分词短语作定语）等学习支架，帮助学生从基础词汇过渡到篇章理解，构建知识脉络。 其亮点在于融合语言能力培养与思维品质提升，通过解析达尔文发现进化论的过程（如雀鸟喙部进化分析），引导学生运用分析、推断等思维，结合词汇表、语法注释等策略，提升语言理解与表达能力，学生能深化科学认知，教师可高效开展主题教学。

Unit 5 Revealing nature 教材原文助读9 1 读文清障 文本助解释疑 ①profit ［ˈprɒfIt］ vi.获益,有益vt.有益于 profit by/from...因……而获利/受益 ②opportunity ［ˌɒpəˈtju:nəti］ n.机会 ［近义词］chance n.机会 ③distant ［ˈdIstənt］ adj.遥远的 ④answer the call响应号召 2 ⑤first choice首选 ⑥medical ［ˈmedɪkl］ adj.医学的；医疗的 medical school医学院；医科大学 medical records病历 ⑦complete ［kəmˈpli:t］ vt.完成 adj.完整的；完全的；彻底的 completely adv.完全地；彻底地；完整地 3 ⑧predict ［prIˈdIkt］ vt.预言；预报 ⑨be a disgrace 是耻辱，是丢脸的事 disgrace ［dIsˈɡreIs］ n.丢脸，耻辱；令人感到羞耻的人（或事） ［近义词］shame n.［U］羞耻 ⑩of all time 有史以来，自古以来 ⑪in question被提及的；在讨论中；考虑之中的，被谈论着的 ⑫geologist ［dʒiˈɒlədʒIst］ n.［C］ 地质学家 4 ⑬naturalist ［ˈnætʃrəlIst］ n.［C］博物学家 ⑭fascinated ［ˈfæsIneItId］ adj. 入迷的;极感兴趣的 fascinating adj.迷人的;极有吸引力的 ⑮be crowded with （某场所）挤满 ⑯sample ［ˈsɑːmp（ə）l］ n.［C］样本 a sample survey 抽样调查 5 ⑰come to exist产生；出现（相当于come into existence） ⑱adapt ［əˈdæpt］ vi.适应（新情况） vt.使适应；改编 adapt （oneself） to...（使自己）适应…… ⑲inspire ［InˈspaIə（r）］ vt.激励；鼓舞；启发 inspire sb. to do sth.激励某人做某事 ⑳a variety of各种各样的 ㉑notice vt.& vi.注意到 ［近义词］spot vt.发现；注意到 observe vt.观察到；注意到 6 ㉒finch ［fIntʃ］ n.［C］雀科鸣禽 ㉓beak ［bi:k］ n.［C］鸟嘴，喙 ㉔available ［əˈveIləbl］ adj.可获得的；可得到的 be available for可利用的；有帮助的 be available to 可获得的 ㉕suspect ［səˈspekt］ v.猜想，怀疑，觉得 ㉖ancestor ［ˈænsəstə］ n.［C］ （动物的）原种，祖先 ［反义词］offspring n.［C］子女；后代 7 ㉗over time 随着时间的流逝 ㉘a lower form of life 一种较为低级的生命形式 ㉙convincing ［kənˈvInsIŋ］ adj. 令人信服的；有说服力的 convinced adj.确信的 ㉚be regarded as被认为是 ㉛begin with...以……开始 8 ［人物小传］ Charles Darwin （1809-1882） was an English geologist and naturalist, known for his Theory of Evolution by natural selection. His father wanted him to study medicine, but he was more interested in natural science. After achieving a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1831, he started his five-year voyage on the Beagle, which led to his important discoveries and finally his famous work On the Origin of Species came out in 1859. 9 A Journey of Discovery The captain of the ship, <m></m><uw>the Beagle</uw>, wanted someone who would “profit<m></m> by the opportunity<m></m> of visiting distant③ countries <m></m><uw>yet little known</uw>”. The person who answered the call<m></m> was not the captain's first choice<m></m>. <m></m><uw>It was a young man who had left medical<m></m> school without completing<m></m> his degree.</uw> 10 What's more, he had recently received a letter from his father <m></m><uw>predicting<m></m> that he would be “a disgrace<m></m> to yourself and all your family”</uw>. Despite all this, his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time<m></m>. ［1］此处为the Beagle作同位语，指the ship。 ［2］此处为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰distant countries。distant countries与know之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。 ［3］注意此处并不是强调句，本句中的It指代上文中的The person，而强调句中的It没有指代意义；句中who引导定语从句并在从句中作主语。 ［4］此处为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰a letter；其中that引导宾语从句。 The young man in question<m></m>, Charles Darwin, was a geologist<m></m> and naturalist<m></m>, fascinated<m></m> by rocks, plants and animals. He left England on the ship, the Beagle, in 1831. The journey gave him the chance to study various living things in their natural environments. <m></m><uw>After Darwin had spent some time in South America, his room on the ship was crowded with<m></m> 13 samples<m></m> of the plants and animals he had collected.</uw> <m> ［6］ </m><uw>As he studied these</uw>, he asked himself the question: how did different species come to exist<m></m>? ［5］本句为复合句。其中After引导时间状语从句；“he had collected”是省略关系词的定语从句。 ［6］此处为As引导的时间状语从句，意为“当……时”，它强调一个与主句谓语同时发生的动作。 At that time, people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time, and had not changed since. But Darwin began to think differently. He noticed that some species of animals were very similar to each other. Maybe animals evolved as they adapted<m></m> to their changing environments? It was just an idea, but enough to inspire<m></m> Darwin to look for more evidence. 15 When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835, Darwin saw a variety of<m></m> new species, but it was the birds that interested him the most. Darwin noticed<m></m> that there was a difference between the finches<m></m> on each of the islands. <m></m><uw>It seemed their beaks<m></m> had evolved according to what food was available<m></m> on that particular island.</uw> ［7］本句中seemed后是一个省略了that的表语从句；在表语从句中又包含了一个宾语从句，作介词短语according to的宾语。 16 Darwin suspected<m></m> that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor<m></m>, which had arrived on the islands a long time before. Over time<m></m> , it had slowly evolved into many new species. And that was the answer to how new species of plants and animals came to exist: they evolved from earlier ancestors. 17 It was a completely new idea—a theory of evolution. Darwin explained this theory in his book, On the Origin of Species. It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm. Many people refused to believe that living things, including humans, had evolved from lower forms of life<m></m>. They were shocked. But Darwin's scientific studies were <m></m><uw>so convincing<m></m> that more and more people started to believe his theory</uw>. ［8］此处为“so...that...”结构，引导状语从句。 18 Today, On the Origin of Species is regarded as<m></m> one of the most important works ever written. It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever. And it all began with<m></m> the journey on the Beagle. 19 发现之旅 “猎犬号”的船长希望找到一个“借此机会游历遥远而鲜为人知的国度并从中受益”的人。然而响应号召的这个人并非船长的首选。这是一个从医学院辍学且没有拿到学位的年轻人。而且，他最近收到了一封父亲的来信，信中预言他将成为“自己和全家人的耻辱”。即便如此，他的这次乘船探险之旅将促成有史以来最重要的一项科学发现。 20 我们提到的这个年轻人就是查尔斯·达尔文，他是一位地质学家和博物学家，他对岩石和动植物有着浓厚的兴趣。1831年，他乘坐“猎犬号”离开英国。这次旅行让他有机会研究自然环境中的各种生物。在南美洲度过一段时间后，达尔文的船舱里满是他收集的动植物样本。当他研究这些样本时，他问了自己一个问题：不同物种是如何产生的呢？ 那时，人们认为地球上的所有物种都是同时出现的，并且从此再无变化。但达尔文开始有了不同的想法。 他注意到，一些动物种类彼此间十分相似。也许动物在适应环境的变化时也逐渐进化了？这虽然只是一个设想，但足以激励达尔文去寻找更多的证据。 1835年，当“猎犬号”抵达加拉帕戈斯群岛时，达尔文看到了各种各样的新物种，但最令他感兴趣的是鸟类。达尔文注意到，每个岛屿上的雀鸟都有所不同。它们的喙似乎是根据所在的特定岛屿上可觅得的食物类型进化而来的。 达尔文猜想这些雀鸟是从一个共同的祖先进化而来的，而该祖先很久以前就来到这片群岛了。随着时间的推移，它慢慢进化成了许多新物种。于是，关于动植物的新物种是如何产生的这个问题就有了答案：它们是从更早期的祖先进化而来的。 这是一个全新的理论——进化论。达尔文在他的《物种起源》一书中解释了该理论。它直到1859年才出版，并立即引起了轰动。许多人拒绝相信包括人在内的所有生命都是从更低级的生命形式进化而来的。他们对此感到震惊。但是达尔文的科学研究是如此具有说服力，以至于越来越多的人开始相信他的理论。 如今，《物种起源》被认为是迄今为止最为重要的著作之一。它彻底改变了人们对于地球上生命的看法。而这一切都始于“猎犬号”的探索之旅。 $