内容正文:
(
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
)
(
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
)
专题01 选择性必修第二册Unit 3 ~Unit 4单元词汇短语句型梳理
Unit 3 Fit for life
医学相关重点单词
一、医学相关词汇英汉互译
surgeon n. 外科医生 physician n. 医师,内科医生
chemist n. 药剂师 dentist n. 牙科医生
specialize vi. 专攻(医学领域) gene n. 基因
genome n. 基因组 cell n. 细胞
lifespan n. 寿命 affect vt. 侵袭,感染(疾病)
contract vt. 感染(疾病) virus n. 病毒
cancer n. 癌症 identify vt. 发现,确认(病因等)
delete vt. 删除(如基因) restore vt. 恢复(健康、功能)
abnormal adj. 反常的(如细胞、体征) resistance n. 抵抗力
flu n. 流行性感冒 sensory adj. 感觉的,感官的
acupuncture n. 针刺疗法 clinic n. 私人诊所,门诊部
organ n. 器官 infection n. 传染,感染
disability n. 缺陷,障碍(医学意义上的)
二、用以上单词完成以下短文
How Doctors Fight Disease
Doctors work hard to keep us healthy. When a virus (病毒) enters our body, it may affect (侵袭) our cell (细胞) and cause illness. If we contract (感染) the flu (流感), a physician (内科医生) can help us build resistance (抵抗力). When someone has cancer (癌症), a surgeon (外科医生) may need to remove the abnormal (反常的) cells.
Some doctors specialize (专攻) in gene (基因) treatment. They study the human genome (基因组) to identify (发现) the cause of a disease. Their goal is to delete (删除) bad genes and restore (恢复) the body’s normal functions, which may extend our lifespan (寿命).
A dentist (牙科医生) takes care of our teeth, while a chemist (药剂师) prepares medicines. In a clinic (私人诊所), doctors check every organ (器官) to stop infection (感染) from spreading. Thanks to their hard work, even people with a disability (缺陷) can live a better life.
重点词组回顾
一、词组英汉互译
relate to 涉及, 与……相关
prohibit sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事
put sth in place 准备就绪
a ripe old age 高龄
without doubt 毫无疑问,的确
go to great lengths to do sth 竭尽全力做某事,不遗余力做某事
date back to 追溯到,始于,自……至今
play a critical role in 在……中起关键作用
contract a disease 感染疾病
catch a virus 感染病毒
an effective means of ……的有效方法
restore one’s vision 恢复某人的视力
at a(n) ... pace 以……速度
wrestle with 努力处理,全力解决
quicken the pace of 加快……的步伐
withdraw into oneself 脱离(社会),不与人交往
hold on to sth. 紧握
be grateful for 感谢/感激……
feed sth. back into 把某事反馈给……
take out a patent on 为……申请专利
tackle a problem 处理问题
reduce eyesight problems 减少视力问题
arise out of = arise from 产生于,起因于
switch to sth. 切换到,转到……
ease pain 缓解疼痛
come into widespread use 得到广泛应用
二、用以上词组完成以下短文
A Medical Breakthrough
Dr. Li wrestled with (努力处理) a serious problem: many elderly patients lost their vision due to an unknown virus. He wanted to find an effective means of (……的有效方法) treatment. Without doubt (毫无疑问), the task was difficult, but he went to great lengths to do sth (竭尽全力做某事).
First, he discovered that the disease arose from (产生于) a damaged gene. Then, he developed a new therapy that could restore one’s vision (恢复某人的视力). However, the law prohibited him from doing sth (禁止某人做某事) — he could not test it on humans without permission. He had to put strict safety rules in place (准备就绪) first.
After years of work, his method came into widespread use (得到广泛应用). Many elderly people lived to a ripe old age (高龄) with clear eyesight. We should be grateful for (感谢/感激……) scientists like Dr. Li. Their work plays a critical role in (在……中起关键作用) improving human health.
重点单词词性转换
一、写出以下单词的相关词性变化形式
1. chemist n. 药剂师 → chemistry (n. 化学) → chemical (adj. 化学的) → chemically (adv. 化学地)
2. specialize v. 专门研究 → specialization (n. 专门研究) → special (adj. 专门的) → specially (adv. 专门地)
3. gene n. 基因 → genetics (n. 遗传学) → genetic (adj. 基因的) → genetically (adv. 基因地)
4. identify v. 确认 → identification (n. 识别) → identifiable (adj. 可识别的) → identifiably (adv. 可识别地)
5. relate v. 联系 → relation (n. 关系) → related (adj. 有关系的) → relatedly (adv. 相关地)
6. restore v. 恢复 → restoration (n. 恢复) → restorer (n. 恢复者,做修复工作的人 )
7. abnormal adj. 反常的 → abnormally (adv. 反常地) → normal (adj. 正常的)
8. fundamental adj. 根本的 → fundation (n. 基础) → fundamentally (adv. 根本上)
9. restrict v. 限制 → restriction (n. 限制) → restrictive (adj. 限制性的) → restrictively (adv. 限制性地)
10. prohibit v. 禁止 → prohibition (n. 禁止) → prohibitive (adj. 禁止的) → prohibitively (adv. 禁止地)
11. resistance n. 抵抗力 → resist (v. 抵抗) → resistant (adj. 抵抗的)
12. equip v. 配备 → equipment (n. 设备) → equipped (adj. 配备好的)
13. disability n. 残疾 → disable (v. 使残疾) → disabled (adj. 残疾的)
14. conventional adj. 传统的 → convention (n. 传统) → conventionally (adv. 传统地)
15. sensory adj. 感官的 → sense (n. 感觉) → sensible (adj. 合理的) → sensibly (adv. 合理地)
16. evidence n. 证据 → evident (adj. 明显的) → evidently (adv. 明显地)
17. anxiety n. 焦虑 → anxious (adj. 焦虑的) → anxiously (adv. 焦虑地)
18. infection n. 感染 → infect (v. 感染) → infectious (adj. 传染的) → infectiously (adv. 传染地)
二、用所给单词的相关词性填空。
1. Chemically, a chemist must study chemistry to safely prepare any chemical medicine. (chemist)
从化学角度讲,药剂师必须学习化学,才能安全配制任何化学药物。
2. This hospital specializes in heart surgery, and its specialization requires specially trained nurses who give special care. (special)
这家医院专门从事心脏外科,其专业领域需要经过专门培训的护士,他们给予特殊的照顾。
3. Genetically, the disease is passed down through a single gene, so genetics plays a key role, and genetic testing helps identify the risk. (gene)
从基因上讲,这种疾病通过单个基因遗传,因此遗传学起着关键作用,基因检测有助于识别风险。
4. The doctor identified the virus through the identification of clear symptoms, which made the disease easily identifiable. (identify)
医生通过识别明显的症状确认了这种病毒,这使得该疾病很容易被识别。
5. The study relates smoking to lung cancer. This relation is widely accepted, and relatedly, many related diseases have been found. (relate)
这项研究将吸烟与肺癌联系起来。这种关联已被广泛接受,并且相关地,许多相关的疾病也已被发现。
6. The restorer worked on the restoration of an old medical book, hoping to restore ancient healing methods. (restore)
修复者致力于修复一本古老的医学书籍,希望能恢复古代的治病方法。
7. It is abnormal for a young person to have such a high heart rate, and abnormally low blood pressure is also not normal. (abnormal)
一个年轻人有如此高的心率是不正常的,而出奇低的血压也同样不正常。
8. Fundamentally, eating well and exercising are fundamental to good health. (fundament)
从根本上讲,吃得好和锻炼身体是良好健康的基础。
9. The hospital restricts visitors to two per patient. This restriction feels too restrictive to some families. (restrict)
医院限制每位病人只能有两名探视者。这一限制对一些家庭来说过于严苛。
10. The law prohibits smoking in hospitals. This prohibition has made fines so high that they are prohibitive for most people. (prohibit)
法律禁止在医院吸烟。这一禁令使得罚款金额高得令大多数人望而却步。
11. Some bacteria can resist antibiotics. Their resistance makes them resistant to standard treatments. (resist)
有些细菌能抵抗抗生素。它们的耐药性使它们对标准治疗产生抵抗力。
12. A well-equipped clinic needs not only advanced medical equipment but also enough staff to equip young doctors with practical skills. (equip)
一家设备精良的诊所不仅需要先进的医疗设备,还需要足够的人员来帮助年轻医生掌握实用技能。
13. An accident can disable a person, causing a lifelong disability, but many disabled individuals still live full lives. (disable)
一场事故可能使人丧失能力,导致终身残疾,但许多残疾人士仍然过着充实的生活。
14. Convention suggests that surgery is the best option, and conventionally, doctors follow this rule, but some conventional methods are being challenged. (convention)
传统观念认为手术是最佳选择,而且按照惯例医生遵循这一规则,但一些传统方法正在受到挑战。
15. Our sense of touch is a sensory function. It is sensible to protect it, so sensibly, we should avoid hand injuries. (sense)
我们的触觉是一种感官功能。保护它是明智的,所以合理地讲,我们应该避免手部受伤。
16. There is clear evidence that exercise improves health. This is evident from many studies, and evidently, people who exercise live longer. (evidence)
有明确的证据表明锻炼能改善健康。这一点从许多研究中显而易见,而且显然,锻炼的人活得更久。
17. Patients often feel anxiety before surgery. They become anxious as the time approaches, and nurses anxiously check on them. (anxious)
病人在手术前常常感到焦虑。随着手术时间的临近他们变得紧张,护士们焦急地查看他们的情况。
18. A single virus can infect one person and then spread, causing a widespread infection. The disease is highly infectious. (infect)
一个病毒能感染一个人然后传播开来,导致大范围的感染。这种疾病传染性极强。
高频词用法讲练
1. affect (vt.)
正确搭配:affect + n.(直接影响);be affected by(被…影响)
常见错误:混淆 affect(动词)与 effect(名词);误写 The medicine effected the patient.
正确示例:The virus can affect the lungs. 这种病毒会影响肺部。
2. contract (vt.)
正确搭配:contract + disease(感染疾病);contract + contract(订立合同)
常见错误:漏宾语(如 He contracted.);误用介词(如 contract with flu)
正确示例:He contracted a rare virus. 他感染了一种罕见的病毒。
3. relate (vt. & vi.)
正确搭配:relate A to B(将A与B联系起来);relate to(与……相关;理解)
常见错误:误写 relate with;混淆 related to 与 in relation to
正确示例:The symptoms relate to the infection. 这些症状与感染有关。
4. arise (vi.)
正确搭配:arise from/out of(由…引起);arise + 副词(出现)
常见错误:误作及物动词(如 The doctor arose a question.);混淆 arise/rise/raise
正确示例:Complications may arise from the surgery. 并发症可能由手术引起。
5. restrict (vt.)
正确搭配:restrict + n. + to + n.(限制……在……范围内);be restricted to(被限制在)
常见错误:漏掉 to(如 restrict visitors two per patient);混淆 restrict/confine/limit
正确示例:The hospital restricts visitors to two per patient. 这家医院限制每位病人只能有两名探视者。
6. prohibit (vt.)
正确搭配:prohibit + n.(禁止某事);prohibit sb from doing sth(禁止某人做某事)
常见错误:误写 prohibit sb to do sth(受 forbid 或 allow 搭配干扰)
正确示例:The law prohibits doctors from accepting gifts. 法律禁止医生接受礼物。
7. equip (vt.)
正确搭配:equip + n. + with + n.(用……配备……);equip sb to do sth(使某人有能力做……)
常见错误:漏掉 with(如 equip the clinic advanced tools);混淆 equip/prepare
正确示例:The course equips students with basic medical skills. 这门课程使学生掌握基本的医疗技能。
8. adjust (vt. & vi.)
正确搭配:adjust + n.(调整某物);adjust to + n.(适应……)
常见错误:混淆及物与不及物用法(如 adjust to the temperature 正确,但 adjust the temperature 也正确,意思不同);漏掉 to
正确示例:Patients need time to adjust to the new medicine. 病人需要时间来适应这种新药。
。
9. tackle (vt.)
正确搭配:tackle + n.(处理问题/任务)
常见错误:误加介词(如 tackle with the problem);受中文“处理”影响直译
正确示例:Doctors are working to tackle the outbreak. 医生们正在努力应对这次疫情。
10. disturb (vt.)
正确搭配:disturb + n.(打扰某人/某事);be disturbed by(被……打扰)
常见错误:误作不及物动词(如 Please don't disturb. 应为 Please don't disturb me.);混淆 disturb/bother/interrupt
正确示例:The noise disturbed the patient's sleep. 噪音打扰了病人的睡眠。
Unit 4 Living with technology
科技相关重点单词
一、“科技”话题相关单词英汉互译
1. input n. 输入的信息;投入;vt. 输入(信息)
2. capacity n. 能力;容量;容积
3. analyse vt. 分析
4. network n. 网络;网状系统;人际网
5. breakthrough n. 重大进展,突破
6. autonomous adj. 自主的,有自主权的
7. database n. 数据库
8. alternative n. 可供选择的事物;adj. 可供替代的
9. hacker n. 黑客
10. drone n. 无人驾驶飞机
11. distribution n. 分发,分送;分配,分布
12. predict vt. 预言,预告
13. monitor vt. 监视,跟踪调查;监听;n. 显示屏;监测器
14. capsule n. 小塑料容器;(装药的)胶囊;太空舱
15. virtual adj. 虚拟的,模拟的;很接近的,事实上的
16. definition n. 定义;释义,解释
17. headset n. 耳机
18. sensor n. 传感器,敏感元件
19. immersive adj. 沉浸式虚拟现实的
20. engage vt. & vi. 吸引住(注意力、兴趣);雇用;与……建立密切关系
21. clone n. 复制品;克隆动物;vt. 克隆
22. fine-tune vt. 对…微调
23. state-of-the-art adj. 使用最先进技术的,最先进的
24. satellite n. 人造卫星;卫星
二、用以上单词完成以下短文
AI in Modern Medicine
Artificial intelligence is at the forefront of medical technology. Hospitals now use computers to analyse (分析) patient data stored in a large database (数据库). This input (输入的信息) helps doctors make faster decisions.
One major breakthrough (突破) is the use of virtual (虚拟的) reality. With a headset (耳机), medical students can enter an immersive (沉浸式虚拟现实的) environment to practise surgeries. Sensors(传感器) on the equipment monitor (监视) every movement and engage (吸引住) the learner's full attention.
However, challenges remain. A computer network (网络) can be attacked by a hacker (黑客). To prevent this, engineers design fail-safe (有自动保险装置的) systems and fine-tune (微调) the software regularly. They also develop autonomous (自主的) tools that can predict (预言) a patient's condition before it worsens.
Scientists are even trying to clone (克隆) human cells for treatment. While some worry about the risks, state-of-the-art (最先进的) technology offers hope. Without doubt, AI will continue to change medicine for the better.
人工智能与现代医学
人工智能正处于医疗技术的最前列。医院现在使用计算机分析存储在大型数据库中的患者数据。这些输入信息帮助医生更快地做出决策。
一个重大突破是虚拟现实的使用。通过耳机,医学生可以进入沉浸式环境来练习手术。设备上的传感器监视每一个动作,并吸引住学习者的全部注意力。
然而,挑战依然存在。计算机网络可能受到黑客的攻击。为了防止这种情况,工程师设计有自动保险装置的系统,并定期微调软件。他们还开发自主工具,可以在病情恶化前预言患者的状况。
科学家甚至试图克隆人类细胞用于治疗。虽然有些人担心风险,但最先进的技术带来了希望。毫无疑问,人工智能将继续改善医学。
重点词组回顾
一、词组英汉互译
artificial intelligence 人工智能
build castles in the air 空中楼阁, 幻想, 空想
to name but a few 略举几例
fall victim to 受伤, 受损, 被害
break into 强行闯入, 撬开;突然开始(笑、唱等);顺利打入
in large quantities 大量, 大批
spy on 暗中监视、窥探
at the forefront of 处于最前列,进入重要地位
a host of 许多, 大量
boil down to 归结为, 基本问题是
at the expense of 在牺牲 (或损害)……的情况下
massive amounts of 海量……
work to one’s advantage 对某人有利
commit crimes 犯罪
urge sb. to do sth. 敦促某人做某事
pose a danger 构成危险
pose a threat to sth. 对……构成威胁
there is growing concern that... 越来越担心……
as the name suggests 顾名思义
decrease road traffic 减少道路交通拥堵
for better or for worse 无论是好是坏
a remote pilot licence 远程驾驶执照
virtual reality 虚拟现实
engage one’s interest 吸引某人的兴趣
enhance learning efficiency 提高学习效率
make more informed choices 做出更明智的选择
in terms of 从……角度来看;就……而言
be optimistic about 对……抱乐观看法
like weeds 大量
二、用以上词组完成以下短文
The Double-Edged Sword of AI
Artificial intelligence (人工智能) is now at the forefront of (处于最前列) modern technology. As the name suggests (顾名思义), AI refers to machines that can think and learn. From self-driving cars to smart phones and medical tools, a host of (许多) applications have changed our lives — to name but a few (略举几例).
However, we should not build castles in the air (空中楼阁) about a perfect future. There is growing concern that (越来越担心) AI may pose a threat to (对……构成威胁) our security. Hackers could break into (强行闯入) computer systems and spy on (暗中监视) people. Some criminals may use AI to commit crimes (犯罪) or produce fake news in large quantities (大量).
For better or for worse (无论是好是坏), this technology is here to stay. The problem boils down to(归结为) this: how do we balance progress and safety? In education, AI can engage students' interest (吸引学生的兴趣) and enhance learning efficiency (提高学习效率) through virtual reality (虚拟现实). In transportation, it can help decrease road traffic (减少道路交通拥堵). But these benefits often come at the expense of (在牺牲……的情况下) personal privacy. Massive amounts of (海量的) data are collected every day.
Experts urge governments to (敦促某人做某事) pass strict laws. For example, drone operators need a remote pilot licence (远程驾驶执照). I am optimistic about (对……抱乐观看法) our future, because AI can help us make more informed choices (做出更明智的选择) in terms of (从……角度来看) health and daily life. If we use it wisely, AI will work to our advantage (对某人有利) rather than pose a danger (构成危险).
人工智能的双刃剑
人工智能如今正处于现代科技的最前列。顾名思义,人工智能指的是能够思考和学习的机器。从自动驾驶汽车到智能手机和医疗工具——仅举几例——许多应用已经改变了我们的生活。
然而,我们不应对完美的未来抱有空中楼阁式的幻想。越来越多人担心人工智能可能对我们的安全构成威胁。黑客可能侵入计算机系统并暗中监视人们。一些犯罪分子可能利用人工智能来犯罪或大量制造假新闻。
无论是好是坏,这项技术已经扎根。问题归结为这一点:我们如何平衡进步与安全?在教育领域,人工智能可以通过虚拟现实来吸引学生的兴趣并提高学习效率。在交通领域,它可以帮助减少道路交通拥堵。但这些好处往往以牺牲个人隐私为代价。海量的数据每天都被收集。
专家们敦促政府通过严格的法律。例如,无人机操作员需要持有远程驾驶执照。我对我们的未来持乐观态度,因为人工智能可以帮助我们在健康和日常生活方面做出更明智的选择。如果我们明智地使用它,人工智能将对我们有利,而不会构成危险。
重点单词词性转换
一、写出以下单词的相关词性变化形式
1. capacity n. 能力 → capable (adj. 有能力的) → capably (adv. 有能力地)
2. analyse vt. 分析 → analysis (n. 分析) → analytical (adj. 分析的) → analytically (adv. 分析地)
3. finance n. 财政 → financial (adj. 财政的) → financially (adv. 财政地) → financier (n. 金融家)
4. recognition n. 识别 → recognize (v. 认出) → recognizable (adj. 可识别的) → recognizably (adv. 可识别地)
5. alternative n. 可供选择的事物 → alternate (v. 交替;adj. 交替的) → alternatively (adv. 可供选择地)
6. distribution n. 分发 → distribute (v. 分配) → distributive (adj. 分配的) → distributively (adv. 分配地)
7. predict vt. 预言 → prediction (n. 预言) → predictable (adj. 可预言的) → predictably (adv. 可预言地)
8. illegal adj. 不合法的 → illegally (adv. 不合法地) → legal (反义词,adj. 合法的)
9. conclude vt. 断定 → conclusion (n. 结论) → conclusive (adj. 结论性的) → conclusively (adv. 结论性地)
10. justified adj. 有正当理由的 → justify (v. 证明…有理) → justification (n. 正当理由) → justifiably (adv. 有道理地)
11. superiority n. 优势 → superior (adj. 优越的) → superiorly (adv. 优越地)
12. practical adj. 实际的 → practice (n. 实践) → practically (adv. 实际地) → practicable (adj. 可行的)
13. academic adj. 学术的 → academy (n. 学院) → academically (adv. 学术地)
14. engage vt. 吸引 → engagement (n. 参与) → engaging (adj. 吸引人的) → engagingly (adv. 吸引人地)
15. initial adj. 最初的 → initially (adv. 最初) → initiate (v. 开始) → initiative (n. 倡议)
16. optimistic adj. 乐观的 → optimism (n. 乐观) → optimist (n. 乐观主义者) → optimistically (adv. 乐观地)
17. annoy vt. 使恼怒 → annoyance (n. 恼怒) → annoying (adj. 令人恼怒的) → annoyingly (adv. 令人恼怒地)
18. greedy adj. 贪婪的 → greed (n. 贪婪) → greedily (adv. 贪婪地)
二、用所给单词的相关词性填空。
1. The young doctor has a strong capacity for learning. She is capable of handling emergencies and works capably under pressure. (capable)
这位年轻医生有很强的学习能力。她能够处理紧急情况,并在压力下有能力地工作。
2. Scientists need to analyse the data carefully. Their analysis provides an analytical framework, and they think analytically to solve problems. (analyse)
科学家需要仔细分析数据。他们的分析提供了一个分析的框架,并且他们分析性地思考来解决问题。
3. A successful financier must understand public finance. He makes financial decisions that are financially sound. (finance)
一位成功的金融家必须了解公共财政。他做出的财务决策在财政上是稳健的。
4. Face recognition technology helps computers recognize people. A person's face is easily recognizable, and recognizably, the system can identify them within seconds. (recognize)
面部识别技术帮助计算机识别人。一个人的脸很容易被识别,并且可识别地,系统能在几秒钟内认出他们。
5. We need an alternative plan if the first one fails. We can alternate between two strategies, or alternatively, try a completely new approach. (alternative)
如果第一个计划失败,我们需要一个替代方案。我们可以在两个策略之间交替,或者作为替代,尝试一种全新的方法。
6. The distribution of medical supplies is critical. The team will distribute medicines to clinics fairly. This distributive process ensures that each region gets what it needs. (distribute)
医疗物资的分发至关重要。团队将公平地把药品分配到各诊所。这一分配过程确保每个地区得到所需之物。
7. It is hard to predict the weather exactly. One accurate prediction makes the outcome more predictable, and predictably, people check forecasts daily. (predict)
准确预测天气很难。一个准确的预言使结果更可预言,并且可预言地,人们每天都查看天气预报。
8. Dumping waste is illegal. Those who act illegally will be punished, while legal actions are always encouraged. (illegal)
倾倒废物是非法的。那些违法行事的人将受到惩罚,而合法的行为则始终受到鼓励。
9. After reviewing all the evidence, we can conclude that the treatment works. This conclusion is based on conclusive data, which proves the point conclusively. (conclude)
在审查了所有证据后,我们可以断定这种治疗有效。这一结论是基于结论性的数据,这些数据结论性地证明了这一点。
10. The doctor's decision was fully justified. He could justify it with solid reasoning, and his justification was accepted. He acted justifiably to save the patient. (justify)
医生的决定是完全有正当理由的。他可以用坚实的理由来证明其合理,他的正当理由被接受了。他有道理地采取行动拯救了病人。
11. This new machine has clear superiority over the old one. It is superior in speed and performs superiorly in all tests. (superior)
这台新机器比旧机器有明显的优势。它在速度上更优越,并且在所有测试中都表现得更优越地。
12. In practice, a practical solution is better than a perfect theory. Such a solution must be practicable under real conditions. Practically, we should test it on a small scale first. (practical)
在实践中,一个实际的解决方案比完美的理论更好。这样的方案必须在现实条件下是可行的。实际地讲,我们应该先在小范围内测试。
13. He studies at a famous academy and focuses on academic research. Academically, he is one of the best students in his field. (academic)
他就读于一所著名的学院,专注于学术研究。从学术上讲,他是该领域最优秀的学生之一。
14. A good teacher knows how to engage students. Her engagement in the lesson is clear, and she speaks in an engaging way. Engagingly, she asks questions that make everyone want to answer.
好老师知道如何吸引学生。她对课堂的投入显而易见,并且以吸引人的方式说话。吸引人地,她提出的问题让每个人都想回答。(engage)
15. His initial plan was simple. Initially, he wanted to initiate a small project, but later he took the initiative to expand it further. (initial)
他最初的计划很简单。最初,他想启动一个小项目,但后来他主动将其进一步扩大。
16. She is an optimist who always has optimism about the future. She remains optimistic even in hard times and speaks optimistically about what lies ahead. (optimistic)
她是一个乐观主义者,对未来总是抱有乐观态度。即使在困难时期,她仍然保持乐观,并且乐观地谈论未来的事情。
17. Loud noises annoy most people. The annoyance can last for hours. An annoying sound,
annoyingly, often comes when you are trying to sleep. (annoy)
大的噪音使大多数人感到恼怒。这种恼怒可能持续数小时。令人恼怒的声音,令人恼怒地,往往在你正要睡觉时出现。
18. The greedy businessman was driven by greed. He took greedily more than his fair share, leaving little for others. (greed)
那个贪婪的商人被贪婪所驱使。他贪婪地拿走了超出自己公平份额的部分,几乎没给别人留下什么。
高频词用法讲练
1. threaten (vt.)
正确搭配:
threaten + n.(威胁到……)
threaten to do sth(威胁要做某事)
be threatened by(受到……的威胁)
常见错误:
误用作不及物动词(如 The disease threatened. 错误)
混淆 threaten 与 danger(受中文“危险”影响直译)
正确示例:
Pollution threatens people's health.
污染威胁到人们的健康。
2. commit (vt. & vi.)
正确搭配:
commit + crime/murder/theft(犯罪)
commit oneself to sth/doing sth(承诺做某事;投入)
commit to + n./doing(致力于,忠于——注意 to 是介词)
常见错误:
漏掉反身代词(如 commit to the plan 中若想表达“承诺做”,最好加 oneself)
误用 commit to do sth(错误,to 是介词,后接名词或动名词)
混淆 commit 与 start/begin(受中文“犯”字影响)
误用介词(如 commit for a crime 应为 commit a crime)
正确示例:
He committed a serious crime.
他犯下了严重的罪行。
3. urge (vt.)
正确搭配:
urge sb to do sth(敦促某人做某事)
urge that...(强烈主张……,从句用虚拟语气)
urge + n.(较少单独使用,通常需补充目的)
常见错误:
漏掉 to(如 urge sb do sth 错误)
混淆 urge 与 force(语气强弱不同)
虚拟语气用法错误(如 urge that he goes 应为 urge that he go)
正确示例:
The doctor urged him to quit smoking.
医生敦促他戒烟。
4. pose (vt.)
正确搭配:
pose + threat/danger/risk/problem/question(造成威胁/危险/风险/问题/提问)
常见错误:
误作不及物动词(如 A threat posed. 错误)
受中文“摆姿势”影响,忽略其“造成”的抽象用法
混淆 pose 与 cause/propose
正确示例:
The new virus poses a serious threat to public health.
这种新病毒对公众健康构成严重威胁。
5. demand (vt.)
正确搭配:
demand + n.(需要……)
demand to do sth(要求做某事——主语必须是人)
demand that...(要求……,从句用虚拟语气)
in demand(需求大)
常见错误:
误用 demand sb to do sth(错误,应为 demand that sb (should) do)
误将 demand to do 用于事物作主语(如 The situation demands to be improved. 错误)
虚拟语气用法错误
混淆 demand 与 ask/require
正确示例:
The patient demands to see a doctor immediately.
病人要求立即看医生。
6. deny (vt.)
正确搭配:
deny + n.(否认……)
deny doing sth(否认做过某事)
deny + that从句(否认……)
deny sb sth(拒绝给予某人某物)
常见错误:
误用 deny to do sth(错误,应为 deny doing)
混淆 deny 与 refuse(deny 侧重“否认”,refuse 侧重“拒绝”)
双宾语结构错误(如 deny sth to sb 不如 deny sb sth 地道)
正确示例:
He denied stealing the medicine.
他否认偷了药。
7. decrease (vt. & vi.)
正确搭配:
decrease + n.(减少…,及物)
decrease + 副词/介词(减少,不及物,如 decrease by 10%)
常见错误:
混淆及物与不及物用法
混淆 decrease 与 reduce/diminish
误用介词(如 decrease of 10% 应为 decrease by 10%)
正确示例:
Smoking decreases your resistance to diseases.(及物)
吸烟会降低你对疾病的抵抗力。
The number of patients decreased by 20%.(不及物)
病人数量减少了20%。
8. engage (vt. & vi.)
正确搭配:
engage + n.(雇用;与…交战)
engage sb's attention/interest(吸引某人的注意力/兴趣)
engage in(参加,从事)
engage sb in sth(使某人参与某事)
be engaged in(忙于,从事)
常见错误:
混淆及物与不及物用法
漏掉介词 in(如 engage business 错误,应为 engage in business)
误用 engage sb 表示“吸引某人”(应为 engage sb's interest/attention)
混淆 engage 与 involve/occupy
正确示例:
The teacher knows how to engage students' interest.(及物)
老师知道如何吸引学生的兴趣。
She engages in medical research.(不及物)
她从事医学研究。
9. annoy (vt.)
正确搭配:
annoy + n.(使某人生气)
be annoyed at/with/by(对…感到恼火)
常见错误:
误作不及物动词(如 He annoys. 错误)
混淆 annoy 与 bother/disturb(语气程度不同)
介词搭配错误(如 annoy for 错误)
正确示例:
The loud noise annoyed the patients.
巨大的噪音使病人感到恼怒。
10. justify (vt.)
注:您列表中有 justified (adj.),此处给出其动词原形 justify。
正确搭配:
justify + n./doing sth(证明…有理)
justify oneself(为自己辩解)
be justified in doing sth(做某事有正当理由)
常见错误:
误用 justify to do sth(错误,应为 justify doing)
混淆 justify 与 prove/explain
漏掉反身代词(如 justify his action 正确,但 justify himself 也是常见用法)
正确示例:
How can you justify spending so much on equipment?
你怎么能证明花这么多钱买设备是合理的?
对比示例:
❌ He tried to justify to spend more money.
✅ He tried to justify spending more money.
疑难长句分析与仿写
1. Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention. (p 30)
遗传学家一直试图识别哪些基因与哪些疾病相关,因为他们认为基因组编辑是疾病治疗和预防的有效手段。
1). 结构拆解:
主句:Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases
主语:Geneticists(遗传学家)
谓语:have been trying(一直在尝试,现在完成进行时)
宾语部分:to identify which genes relate to which diseases(识别哪些基因与哪些疾病相关)
状语从句 (as 引导原因): as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention.
连接词:as(因为)
主语:they(他们,指代遗传学家)
谓语:believe(相信)
宾语从句:genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention(基因组编辑是疾病治疗和预防的有效手段)
2). 核心逻辑关系:
因果关系: 因为(as)遗传学家相信基因组编辑是有效的治疗/预防手段,所以他们一直在尝试识别基因与疾病的对应关系。
时态: 主句用现在完成进行时(have been trying),强调动作从过去一直持续到现在,可能还会继续。从句用一般现在时(believe, is),表达一个当前持有的观点或事实。
3). 语法/表达亮点:
使用 which... relate to which... 结构,简洁地表达“哪一者与哪一者之间的对应关系”。
as 在这里比 because 稍显正式,语气更弱一些,常用来补充已知的或显而易见的原因。
宾语从句中包含一个名词短语 an effective means of...。
4) 句子仿写与翻译 (保留原句的核心结构)
[某人/某群体] have been trying to [动作1] which [事物A] relate to which [事物B], as they believe [某观点或信念].
(1)教育工作者一直在试图确定哪种教学方法与哪种学习成果相关,因为他们相信个性化教学是学生成功的关键因素。(教育领域)
Educators have been trying to determine which teaching methods relate to which learning outcomes, as they believe personalized instruction is a key factor in student success.
(2)环境科学家一直在试图分析哪些人类活动与哪些气候变化相关,因为他们相信减少碳排放是缓解全球变暖的有效途径。 (环境科学领域):
Environmental scientists have been trying to analyze which human activities relate to which climate changes, as they believe reducing carbon emissions is an effective approach to mitigating global warming.
2. There is evidence that acupuncture dates back to the Stone Age, when stone tools called bian were used to press areas of the body. (p 39)
有证据表明,针灸可以追溯到石器时代,当时人们使用一种叫做“砭”的石器来按压身体的各个部位。
1). 结构拆解:
主句: There is evidence
存在句型(There be),表示“有证据”。
同位语从句(修饰 evidence): that acupuncture dates back to the Stone Age
解释 evidence 的具体内容:针灸可以追溯到石器时代。
非限制性定语从句(修饰 the Stone Age): when stone tools called bian were used to press areas of the body
when 指代“在那个时代”,补充说明石器时代的一个特征:当时使用一种叫“砭”的石器来按压身体部位。
2). 核心逻辑关系:
总—分结构: 先提出“有证据”,再说明证据内容(针灸的历史年代),最后补充该年代的具体背景(使用砭石)。
修饰层次:
evidence → that 从句
the Stone Age → when 从句
3). 语法/表达亮点:
There is evidence that... 是引出事实或研究发现的常用句型。
dates back to 表示“追溯到”,描述起源。
when 引导非限制性定语从句,补充时代背景信息。
called bian 是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰 stone tools。
press areas of the body 简洁表达“按压身体部位”,暗示原始医疗行为。
4) 句子仿写与翻译 (保留原句的核心结构)
(1)有证据表明,书写起源于古代美索不达米亚(Mesopotamia),当时一种叫做“布勒拉”( bullae)的粘土符号被用来记录交易。(历史 / 书写工具)
There is evidence that writing originated in ancient Mesopotamia, when clay tokens called bullae were used to record transactions.
(2)There is evidence that herbal anesthesia was used in ancient China, when plants such as cannabis and aconite were boiled to relieve pain during surgery. (医学 / 麻醉历史)
有证据表明,古代中国曾使用草药麻醉,当时人们用大麻和乌头等植物煮沸来缓解手术中的疼痛。
3. Moreover, there is growing concern that we might fall victim to this technology, as there are cases in which hackers have broken into facial recognition systems by using people's social media photos to build models of their faces. (p 47)
此外,人们越来越担心自己可能会沦为这项技术的牺牲品,因为已有这样的案例:黑客通过使用人们在社交媒体上的照片来构建其面部模型,成功侵入了面部识别系统。
1). 句子结构:这是一个主从复合句,逻辑清晰,层层递进。
主句: Moreover, there is growing concern(此外,人们日益担忧)
Moreover 是连接副词,表示递进关系。
there is growing concern 是“There be + 名词”结构,表示“存在一种日益增长的担忧”。
同位语从句: that we might fall victim to this technology
这个从句解释了“concern”(担忧)的具体内容:我们可能会成为这项技术的受害者。
原因状语从句: as there are cases,as 引导从句,说明产生这种担忧的原因:因为存在一些案例。
定语从句: in which hackers have broken into facial recognition systems
in which 修饰先行词 cases,具体说明是什么样的案例:黑客侵入面部识别系统的案例。
方式状语(介词短语): by using people's social media photos to build models of their faces
by... 说明黑客侵入系统所采用的具体手段:通过使用人们在社交媒体上的照片来建立他们面部的模型。
2). 语法要点:
growing concern:现在分词作定语,表示“日益增长的担忧”。
fall victim to:固定搭配,意为“成为……的受害者”。
as:在这里引导原因状语从句,语气比 because 稍弱,更侧重于“根据已知情况推断出的原因”。
in which:介词+关系代词引导定语从句,相当于 where。
by doing:典型的表示方式、手段的状语结构。
3). 句子逻辑脉络:
递进观点 (Moreover) → 表达担忧 (there is growing concern that...) → 解释担忧的具体内容 (we might fall victim) → 给出担忧的原因 (as there are cases) → 具体说明是什么案例 (hackers have broken into...) → 详细描述作案手段 (by using photos to build models)。
4)句子仿写与翻译 (保留原句的核心结构)
仿照原句的“递进观点 + 表达担忧 + 担忧的具体内容 + 原因 + 具体案例 + 手段”这一逻辑链条来造句。
(1)Furthermore, there is mounting anxiety that the public could be deceived by AI-generated deepfakes, as there have been incidents in which scammers have created convincing fake videos of celebrities by feeding thousands of their photos into generative models. (主题:人工智能与深度伪造)
此外,人们越来越担心公众可能会上当受骗,被AI生成的深度伪造内容所迷惑。因为已有案例显示,诈骗者将数千张名人的照片输入生成式模型,从而制作出极具欺骗性的虚假视频。
翻译与结构分析:
Furthermore (递进) -> there is mounting anxiety (担忧) -> that the public could be deceived... (担忧内容:公众被骗) -> as there have been incidents (原因:已有事件) -> in which scammers have created... (具体事件:骗子制作假视频) -> by feeding thousands of their photos... (手段:输入大量照片到生成模型)。
(2)同样,人们越来越担心个人可能会失去对自己个人数据的控制,因为存在这样的例子:公司在未经用户明确同意的情况下,利用用户的在线活动记录来训练定向广告算法。 (主题:社交媒体与数据隐私)
Similarly, there is a rising fear that individuals might lose control over their personal data, as there are examples in which companies have exploited users' online activity records to train targeted advertising algorithms without explicit consent.
翻译与结构分析:
Similarly (递进) -> there is a rising fear (担忧) -> that individuals might lose control... (担忧内容:个人失去控制权) -> as there are examples (原因:存在例子) -> in which companies have exploited... (具体例子:公司利用用户活动记录) -> by using... to train... (手段:用来训练广告算法)。
4 / 4
(
zxxk.com
)学科网(北京)股份有限公司
(
zxxk.com
)学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$
(
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
)
(
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
)
专题01 选择性必修第二册Unit 3 ~Unit 4单元词汇短语句型梳理
Unit 3 Fit for life
医学相关重点单词
一、医学相关词汇英汉互译
surgeon n. n. 医师,内科医生
chemist n. n. 牙科医生
specialize vi. n. 基因
genome n. n. 细胞
lifespan n. vt. 侵袭,感染(疾病)
contract vt. n. 病毒
cancer n. vt. 发现,确认(病因等)
delete vt. vt. 恢复(健康、功能)
abnormal adj. n. 抵抗力
flu n. adj. 感觉的,感官的
acupuncture n. n. 私人诊所,门诊部
organ n. n. 传染,感染
disability n.
二、用以上单词完成以下短文
How Doctors Fight Disease
Doctors work hard to keep us healthy. When a _________ (病毒) enters our body, it may _________ (侵袭) our _________ (细胞) and cause illness. If we _________ (感染) the _________ (流感), a _________ (内科医生) can help us build _________ (抵抗力). When someone has _________ (癌症), a _________ (外科医生) may need to remove the _________ (反常的) cells.
Some doctors _________ (专攻) in _________ (基因) treatment. They study the human _________ (基因组) to _________ (发现) the cause of a disease. Their goal is to _________ (删除) bad genes and _________ (恢复) the body’s normal functions, which may extend our _________ (寿命).
A _________ (牙科医生) takes care of our teeth, while a _________ (药剂师) prepares medicines. In a ________ (私人诊所), doctors check every _________ (器官) to stop _________ (感染) from spreading. Thanks to their hard work, even people with a _________ (缺陷) can live a better life.
重点词组回顾
一、词组英汉互译
_________ 涉及, 与……相关
___________________________ 禁止某人做某事
__________________ 准备就绪
__________________ 高龄
__________________ 毫无疑问,的确
__________________ 竭尽全力做某事,不遗余力做某事
__________________ 追溯到,始于,自……至今
__________________ 在……中起关键作用
__________________ 感染疾病
__________________ 感染病毒
__________________ ……的有效方法
__________________ 恢复某人的视力
__________________ 以……速度
__________________ 努力处理,全力解决
quicken the pace of __________________
withdraw into oneself __________________
hold on to sth. _________
be grateful for __________________
feed sth. back into __________________
take out a patent on __________________
tackle a problem __________________
reduce eyesight problems __________________
arise out of = arise from __________________
switch to sth. __________________
ease pain __________________
come into widespread use __________________
二、用以上词组完成以下短文
A Medical Breakthrough
Dr. Li ________________ (努力处理) a serious problem: many elderly patients lost their vision due to an unknown virus. He wanted to find __________________ (……的有效方法) treatment. ________________ (毫无疑问), the task was difficult, but he __________________ (竭尽全力做某事).
First, he discovered that the disease ______________ (产生于) a damaged gene. Then, he developed a new therapy that could __________________ (恢复某人的视力). However, the law ____________ ______ (禁止某人做某事) — he could not test it on humans without permission. He had to _______________________________ (准备就绪) first.
After years of work, his method _______________________________ (得到广泛应用). Many elderly people lived to __________________ (高龄) with clear eyesight. We should __________________ (感谢/感激……) scientists like Dr. Li. Their work __________________ (在……中起关键作用) improving human health.
重点单词词性转换
一、写出以下单词的相关词性变化形式
1. chemist n. 药剂师 → _____________ (n. 化学) → _____________ (adj. 化学的) → _____________ (adv. 化学地)
2. specialize v. 专门研究 → _____________ (n. 专门研究) → _____________ (adj. 专门的) → _____________ (adv. 专门地)
3. gene n. 基因 → _____________ (n. 遗传学) → _____________ (adj. 基因的) → _____________ (adv. 基因地)
4. identify v. 确认 → _____________ (n. 识别) → _____________ (adj. 可识别的) → _____________ (adv. 可识别地)
5. relate v. 联系 → _____________ (n. 关系) → _____________ (adj. 有关系的) → _____________ (adv. 相关地)
6. restore v. 恢复 → _____________ (n. 恢复) → _____________ (n. 恢复者,做修复工作的人 )
7. abnormal adj. 反常的 → _____________ (adv. 反常地) → _____________(adj. 正常的)
8. fundamental adj. 根本的→ _____________ (adv. 根本上)
9. restrict v. 限制 → _____________ (n. 限制) → _____________ (adj. 限制性的) → _____________ (adv. 限制性地)
10. prohibit v. 禁止 → _____________ (n. 禁止) → _____________ (adj. 禁止的) → _____________ (adv. 禁止地)
11. resistance n. 抵抗力 → _____________ (v. 抵抗) → _____________ (adj. 抵抗的)
12. equip v. 配备 → _____________ (n. 设备) → _____________ (adj. 配备好的)
13. disability n. 残疾 → _____________ (v. 使残疾) → _____________ (adj. 残疾的)
14. conventional adj. 传统的 → _____________ (n. 传统) → _____________ (adv. 传统地)
15. sensory adj. 感官的 → _____________ (n. 感觉) → _____________ (adj. 合理的) → _____________ (adv. 合理地)
16. evidence n. 证据 → _____________ (adj. 明显的) → _____________ (adv. 明显地)
17. anxiety n. 焦虑 → _____________ (adj. 焦虑的) → _____________ (adv. 焦虑地)
18. infection n. 感染 → _____________ (v. 感染) → _____________ (adj. 传染的) → _____________ (adv. 传染地)
二、用所给单词的相关词性填空。
1. _____________, a chemist must study _____________ to safely prepare any _____________ medicine. (chemist)
从化学角度讲,药剂师必须学习化学,才能安全配制任何化学药物。
2. This hospital _____________ in heart surgery, and its _____________ requires _____________ trained nurses who give special care. (special)
这家医院专门从事心脏外科,其专业领域需要经过专门培训的护士,他们给予特殊的照顾。
3. _____________, the disease is passed down through a single gene, so _____________ plays a key role, and _____________ testing helps identify the risk. (gene)
从基因上讲,这种疾病通过单个基因遗传,因此遗传学起着关键作用,基因检测有助于识别风险。
4. The doctor _____________ the virus through the _____________ of clear symptoms, which made the disease easily _____________. (identify)
医生通过识别明显的症状确认了这种病毒,这使得该疾病很容易被识别。
5. The study relates smoking to lung cancer. This _____________ is widely accepted, and _____________, many _____________ diseases have been found. (relate)
这项研究将吸烟与肺癌联系起来。这种关联已被广泛接受,并且相关地,许多相关的疾病也已被发现。
6. The _____________ worked on the ______________ of an old medical book, hoping to restore ancient healing methods. (restore)
修复者致力于修复一本古老的医学书籍,希望能恢复古代的治病方法。
7. It is abnormal for a young person to have such a high heart rate, and _____________ low blood pressure is also not _____________. (abnormal)
一个年轻人有如此高的心率是不正常的,而出奇低的血压也同样不正常。
8. ______________, eating well and exercising are _____________ to good health. (fundament)
从根本上讲,吃得好和锻炼身体是良好健康的基础。
9. The hospital restricts visitors to two per patient. This _____________ feels too _____________ to some families. (restrict)
医院限制每位病人只能有两名探视者。这一限制对一些家庭来说过于严苛。
10. The law prohibits smoking in hospitals. This _____________ has made fines so high that they are _____________ for most people. (prohibit)
法律禁止在医院吸烟。这一禁令使得罚款金额高得令大多数人望而却步。
11. Some bacteria can resist antibiotics. Their _____________ makes them _____________ to standard treatments. (resist)
有些细菌能抵抗抗生素。它们的耐药性使它们对标准治疗产生抵抗力。
12. A _____________ clinic needs not only advanced medical _____________ but also enough staff to equip young doctors with practical skills. (equip)
一家设备精良的诊所不仅需要先进的医疗设备,还需要足够的人员来帮助年轻医生掌握实用技能。
13. An accident can disable a person, causing a lifelong _____________, but many _____________ individuals still live full lives. (disable)
一场事故可能使人丧失能力,导致终身残疾,但许多残疾人士仍然过着充实的生活。
14. _____________ suggests that surgery is the best option, and _____________, doctors follow this rule, but some _____________ methods are being challenged. (convention)
传统观念认为手术是最佳选择,而且按照惯例医生遵循这一规则,但一些传统方法正在受到挑战。
15. Our sense of touch is a _____________ function. It is _____________ to protect it, so _____________, we should avoid hand injuries. (sense)
我们的触觉是一种感官功能。保护它是明智的,所以合理地讲,我们应该避免手部受伤。
16. There is clear evidence that exercise improves health. This is _____________ from many studies, and _____________, people who exercise live longer. (evidence)
有明确的证据表明锻炼能改善健康。这一点从许多研究中显而易见,而且显然,锻炼的人活得更久。
17. Patients often feel _____________ before surgery. They become anxious as the time approaches, and nurses _____________ check on them. (anxious)
病人在手术前常常感到焦虑。随着手术时间的临近他们变得紧张,护士们焦急地查看他们的情况。
18. A single virus can infect one person and then spread, causing a widespread _____________. The disease is highly _____________. (infect)
一个病毒能感染一个人然后传播开来,导致大范围的感染。这种疾病传染性极强。
高频词用法讲练
1. affect (vt.)
正确搭配:affect + n.(直接影响);be affected by(被……影响)
常见错误:混淆 affect(动词)与 effect(名词);误写 The medicine effected the patient.
正确示例:The virus can affect the lungs. 这种病毒会影响肺部。
2. contract (vt.)
正确搭配:contract + disease(感染疾病);contract + contract(订立合同)
常见错误:漏宾语(如 He contracted.);误用介词(如 contract with flu)
正确示例:He contracted a rare virus. 他感染了一种罕见的病毒。
3. relate (vt. & vi.)
正确搭配:relate A to B(将A与B联系起来);relate to(与……相关;理解)
常见错误:误写 relate with;混淆 related to 与 in relation to
正确示例:The symptoms relate to the infection. 这些症状与感染有关。
4. arise (vi.)
正确搭配:arise from/out of(由…引起);arise + 副词(出现)
常见错误:误作及物动词(如 The doctor arose a question.);混淆 arise/rise/raise
正确示例:Complications may arise from the surgery. 并发症可能由手术引起。
5. restrict (vt.)
正确搭配:restrict + n. + to + n.(限制……在……范围内);be restricted to(被限制在)
常见错误:漏掉 to(如 restrict visitors two per patient);混淆 restrict/confine/limit
正确示例:The hospital restricts visitors to two per patient. 这家医院限制每位病人只能有两名探视者。
6. prohibit (vt.)
正确搭配:prohibit + n.(禁止某事);prohibit sb from doing sth(禁止某人做某事)
常见错误:误写 prohibit sb to do sth(受 forbid 或 allow 搭配干扰)
正确示例:The law prohibits doctors from accepting gifts. 法律禁止医生接受礼物。
7. equip (vt.)
正确搭配:equip + n. + with + n.(用…配备…);equip sb to do sth(使某人有能力做……)
常见错误:漏掉 with(如 equip the clinic advanced tools);混淆 equip/prepare
正确示例:The course equips students with basic medical skills. 这门课程使学生掌握基本的医疗技能。
8. adjust (vt. & vi.)
正确搭配:adjust + n.(调整某物);adjust to + n.(适应……)
常见错误:混淆及物与不及物用法(如 adjust to the temperature 正确,但 adjust the temperature 也正确,意思不同);漏掉 to
正确示例:Patients need time to adjust to the new medicine. 病人需要时间来适应这种新药。
。
9. tackle (vt.)
正确搭配:tackle + n.(处理问题/任务)
常见错误:误加介词(如 tackle with the problem);受中文“处理”影响直译
正确示例:Doctors are working to tackle the outbreak. 医生们正在努力应对这次疫情。
10. disturb (vt.)
正确搭配:disturb + n.(打扰某人/某事);be disturbed by(被……打扰)
常见错误:误作不及物动词(如 Please don't disturb. 应为 Please don't disturb me.);混淆 disturb/bother/interrupt
正确示例:The noise disturbed the patient's sleep. 噪音打扰了病人的睡眠。
Unit 4 Living with technology
科技相关重点单词
一、“科技”话题相关单词英汉互译
1. input n.
2. capacity n.
3. analyse vt.
4. network n.
5. breakthrough n.
6. autonomous adj.
7. database n.
8. alternative n.
9. hacker n.
10. drone n.
11. distribution n.
12. predict vt.
13. _____________ vt. 监视,跟踪调查;监听;n. 显示屏;监测器
14. _____________ n. 小塑料容器;(装药的)胶囊;太空舱
15. _____________ adj. 虚拟的,模拟的;很接近的,事实上的
16. _____________ n. 定义;释义,解释
17. _____________ n. 耳机
18. _____________ n. 传感器,敏感元件
19. _____________ adj. 沉浸式虚拟现实的
20. _____________ vt. & vi. 吸引住(注意力、兴趣);雇用;与……建立密切关系
21. _____________ n. 复制品;克隆动物;vt. 克隆
22. _____________ vt. 对…微调
23. _____________ adj. 使用最先进技术的,最先进的
24. satellite n. 人造卫星;卫星
二、用以上单词完成以下短文
AI in Modern Medicine
Artificial intelligence is at the forefront of medical technology. Hospitals now use computers to _____________ (分析) patient data stored in a large _____________ (数据库). This _____________ (输入的信息) helps doctors make faster decisions.
One major ____________ (突破) is the use of ____________ (虚拟的) reality. With a ___________ (耳机), medical students can enter an _____________ (沉浸式虚拟现实的) environment to practise surgeries. __________ (传感器) on the equipment _________ (监视) every movement and ___________ (吸引住) the learner's full attention.
However, challenges remain. A computer ___________ (网络) can be attacked by a __________ (黑客). To prevent this, engineers design ___________ (有自动保险装置的) systems and ___________ (微调) the software regularly. They also develop ____________ (自主的) tools that can ____________ (预言) a patient's condition before it worsens.
Scientists are even trying to ___________ (克隆) human cells for treatment. While some worry about the risks, _____________ (最先进的) technology offers hope. Without doubt AI will continue to change medicine for the better.
重点词组回顾
一、词组英汉互译
artificial intelligence
build castles in the air
to name but a few
fall victim to
break into
in large quantities
spy on
at the forefront of
a host of
boil down to
at the expense of
massive amounts of
work to one’s advantage
commit crimes
urge sb. to do sth.
pose a danger
__________________________对……构成威胁
__________________________ 越来越担心……
__________________________ 顾名思义
__________________________ 减少道路交通拥堵
__________________________ 无论是好是坏
__________________________ 远程驾驶执照
__________________________ 虚拟现实
__________________________ 吸引某人的兴趣
__________________________ 提高学习效率
__________________________ 做出更明智的选择
__________________________ 从……角度来看;就……而言
__________________________ 对……抱乐观看法
__________________________ 大量
二、用以上词组完成以下短文
The Double-Edged Sword of AI
__________________________ (人工智能) is now __________________________ (处于最前列) modern technology. __________________________ (顾名思义), AI refers to machines that can think and learn. From self-driving cars to smart phones and medical tools, __________________________ (许多) applications have changed our lives — __________________________ (略举几例).
However, we should not __________________________ (空中楼阁) about a perfect future. __________
______________ (越来越担心) AI may ______________________ (对……构成威胁) our security. Hackers could ____________ (强行闯入) computer systems and _____________ (暗中监视) people. Some criminals may use AI to _________________ (犯罪) or produce fake news ________________ (大量).
__________________________ (无论是好是坏), this technology is here to stay. The problem _______
_____ (归结为) this: how do we balance progress and safety? In education, AI can ________________
________ (吸引学生的兴趣) and __________________________ (提高学习效率) through ___________
_________ (虚拟现实). In transportation, it can help _____________________ (减少道路交通拥堵). But these benefits often come ___________________ (在牺牲……的情况下) personal privacy. ___________________ (海量的) data are collected every day.
Experts ____________________________ (敦促某人做某事) pass strict laws. For example, drone operators need ____________________________ (远程驾驶执照). I ________________________ (对……抱乐观看法) our future, because AI can help us ____________________________ (做出更明智的选择) _________________ (从……角度来看) health and daily life. If we use it wisely, AI will ________
____________________ (对某人有利) rather than _________________________ (构成危险).
重点单词词性转换
一、写出以下单词的相关词性变化形式
1. capacity n. 能力 → ____________ (adj. 有能力的) → ____________ (adv. 有能力地)
2. analyse vt. 分析 → ____________ (n. 分析) → ____________ (adj. 分析的) → __________ (adv. 分析地)
3. finance n. 财政 → ___________ (adj. 财政的) → __________ (adv. 财政地) → __________ (n. 金融家)
4. recognition n. 识别 → __________ (v. 认出) → __________ (adj. 可识别的) → _________ (adv. 可识别地)
5. alternative n. 可供选择的事物 → __________ (v. 交替;adj. 交替的) → __________ (adv. 可供选择地)
6. distribution n. 分发 → distribute (v. 分配) → __________ (adj. 分配的) → __________ (adv. 分配地)
7. predict vt. 预言 → __________ (n. 预言) → __________ (adj. 可预言的) → __________ (adv. 可预言地)
8. illegal adj. 不合法的 → __________ (adv. 不合法地) → __________ (反义词,adj. 合法的)
9. conclude vt. 断定 → __________ (n. 结论) → __________ (adj. 结论性的) → conclusively (adv. 结论性地)
10. justified adj. 有正当理由的 → __________ (v. 证明…有理) → __________ (n. 正当理由) → __________ (adv. 有道理地)
11. superiority n. 优势 → __________ (adj. 优越的) → __________ (adv. 优越地)
12. practical adj. 实际的 → __________ (n. 实践) → __________ (adv. 实际地) → __________ (adj. 可行的)
13. academic adj. 学术的 → __________ (n. 学院) → __________ (adv. 学术地)
14. engage vt. 吸引 → engagement (n. 参与) → __________ (adj. 吸引人的) → __________ (adv. 吸引人地)
15. initial adj. 最初的 → __________ (adv. 最初) → __________ (v. 开始) → __________ (n. 倡议)
16. optimistic adj. 乐观的 → __________ (n. 乐观) → __________ (n. 乐观主义者) → _______ (adv. 乐观地)
17. annoy vt. 使恼怒 → __________ (n. 恼怒) → __________ (adj. 令人恼怒的) → __________ (adv. 令人恼怒地)
18. greedy adj. 贪婪的 → __________ (n. 贪婪) → __________ (adv. 贪婪地)
二、用所给单词的相关词性填空。
1. The young doctor has a strong __________ for learning. She is capable of handling emergencies and works __________ under pressure. (capable)
这位年轻医生有很强的学习能力。她能够处理紧急情况,并在压力下有能力地工作。
2. Scientists need to analyse the data carefully. Their __________ provides an __________ framework, and they think __________ to solve problems. (analyse)
科学家需要仔细分析数据。他们的分析提供了一个分析的框架,并且他们分析性地思考来解决问题。
3. A successful __________ must understand public finance. He makes __________ decisions that are __________ sound. (finance)
一位成功的金融家必须了解公共财政。他做出的财务决策在财政上是稳健的。
4. Face __________ technology helps computers recognize people. A person's face is easily __________, and __________, the system can identify them within seconds. (recognize)
面部识别技术帮助计算机识别人。一个人的脸很容易被识别,并且可识别地,系统能在几秒钟内认出他们。
5. We need an alternative plan if the first one fails. We can __________ between two strategies, or __________, try a completely new approach. (alternative)
如果第一个计划失败,我们需要一个替代方案。我们可以在两个策略之间交替,或者作为替代,尝试一种全新的方法。
6. The __________ of medical supplies is critical. The team will distribute medicines to clinics fairly. This __________ process ensures that each region gets what it needs. (distribute)
医疗物资的分发至关重要。团队将公平地把药品分配到各诊所。这一分配过程确保每个地区得到所需之物。
7. It is hard to predict the weather exactly. One accurate __________ makes the outcome more __________, and __________, people check forecasts daily. (predict)
准确预测天气很难。一个准确的预言使结果更可预言,并且可预言地,人们每天都查看天气预报。
8. Dumping waste is illegal. Those who act __________ will be punished, while __________ actions are always encouraged. (illegal)
倾倒废物是非法的。那些违法行事的人将受到惩罚,而合法的行为则始终受到鼓励。
9. After reviewing all the evidence, we can conclude that the treatment works. This __________ is based on __________ data, which proves the point __________. (conclude)
在审查了所有证据后,我们可以断定这种治疗有效。这一结论是基于结论性的数据,这些数据结论性地证明了这一点。
10. The doctor's decision was fully __________. He could justify it with solid reasoning, and his __________ was accepted. He acted __________ to save the patient. (justify)
医生的决定是完全有正当理由的。他可以用坚实的理由来证明其合理,他的正当理由被接受了。他有道理地采取行动拯救了病人。
11. This new machine has clear __________ over the old one. It is superior in speed and performs __________ in all tests. (superior)
这台新机器比旧机器有明显的优势。它在速度上更优越,并且在所有测试中都表现得更优越地。
12. In practice, a practical solution is better than a perfect theory. Such a solution must be __________ under real conditions. __________, we should test it on a small scale first. (practical)
在实践中,一个实际的解决方案比完美的理论更好。这样的方案必须在现实条件下是可行的。实际地讲,我们应该先在小范围内测试。
13. He studies at a famous __________ and focuses on academic research. __________, he is one of the best students in his field. (academic)
他就读于一所著名的学院,专注于学术研究。从学术上讲,他是该领域最优秀的学生之一。
14. A good teacher knows how to engage students. Her __________ in the lesson is clear, and she speaks in an __________ way. __________, she asks questions that make everyone want to answer.
好老师知道如何吸引学生。她对课堂的投入显而易见,并且以吸引人的方式说话。吸引人地,她提出的问题让每个人都想回答。(engage)
15. His initial plan was simple. __________, he wanted to __________ a small project, but later he took the __________ to expand it further. (initial)
他最初的计划很简单。最初,他想启动一个小项目,但后来他主动将其进一步扩大。
16. She is an __________ who always has __________ about the future. She remains optimistic even in hard times and speaks __________ about what lies ahead. (optimistic)
她是一个乐观主义者,对未来总是抱有乐观态度。即使在困难时期,她仍然保持乐观,并且乐观地谈论未来的事情。
17. Loud noises annoy most people. The __________ can last for hours. An __________ sound,
__________, often comes when you are trying to sleep. (annoy)
大的噪音使大多数人感到恼怒。这种恼怒可能持续数小时。令人恼怒的声音,令人恼怒地,往往在你正要睡觉时出现。
18. The __________ businessman was driven by greed. He took __________ more than his fair share, leaving little for others. (greed)
那个贪婪的商人被贪婪所驱使。他贪婪地拿走了超出自己公平份额的部分,几乎没给别人留下什么。
高频词用法讲练
1. threaten (vt.)
正确搭配:
threaten + n.(威胁到……)
threaten to do sth(威胁要做某事)
be threatened by(受到……的威胁)
常见错误:
误用作不及物动词(如 The disease threatened. 错误)
混淆 threaten 与 danger(受中文“危险”影响直译)
正确示例:
Pollution threatens people's health.
污染威胁到人们的健康。
2. commit (vt. & vi.)
正确搭配:
commit + crime/murder/theft(犯罪)
commit oneself to sth/doing sth(承诺做某事;投入)
commit to + n./doing(致力于,忠于——注意 to 是介词)
常见错误:
漏掉反身代词(如 commit to the plan 中若想表达“承诺做”,最好加 oneself)
误用 commit to do sth(错误,to 是介词,后接名词或动名词)
混淆 commit 与 start/begin(受中文“犯”字影响)
误用介词(如 commit for a crime 应为 commit a crime)
正确示例:
He committed a serious crime.
他犯下了严重的罪行。
3. urge (vt.)
正确搭配:
urge sb to do sth(敦促某人做某事)
urge that...(强烈主张……,从句用虚拟语气)
urge + n.(较少单独使用,通常需补充目的)
常见错误:
漏掉 to(如 urge sb do sth 错误)
混淆 urge 与 force(语气强弱不同)
虚拟语气用法错误(如 urge that he goes 应为 urge that he go)
正确示例:
The doctor urged him to quit smoking.
医生敦促他戒烟。
4. pose (vt.)
正确搭配:
pose + threat/danger/risk/problem/question(造成威胁/危险/风险/问题/提问)
常见错误:
误作不及物动词(如 A threat posed. 错误)
受中文“摆姿势”影响,忽略其“造成”的抽象用法
混淆 pose 与 cause/propose
正确示例:
The new virus poses a serious threat to public health.
这种新病毒对公众健康构成严重威胁。
5. demand (vt.)
正确搭配:
demand + n.(需要……)
demand to do sth(要求做某事——主语必须是人)
demand that...(要求……,从句用虚拟语气)
in demand(需求大)
常见错误:
误用 demand sb to do sth(错误,应为 demand that sb (should) do)
误将 demand to do 用于事物作主语(如 The situation demands to be improved. 错误)
虚拟语气用法错误
混淆 demand 与 ask/require
正确示例:
The patient demands to see a doctor immediately.
病人要求立即看医生。
6. deny (vt.)
正确搭配:
deny + n.(否认……)
deny doing sth(否认做过某事)
deny + that从句(否认……)
deny sb sth(拒绝给予某人某物)
常见错误:
误用 deny to do sth(错误,应为 deny doing)
混淆 deny 与 refuse(deny 侧重“否认”,refuse 侧重“拒绝”)
双宾语结构错误(如 deny sth to sb 不如 deny sb sth 地道)
正确示例:
He denied stealing the medicine.
他否认偷了药。
7. decrease (vt. & vi.)
正确搭配:
decrease + n.(减少……,及物)
decrease + 副词/介词(减少,不及物,如 decrease by 10%)
常见错误:
混淆及物与不及物用法
混淆 decrease 与 reduce/diminish
误用介词(如 decrease of 10% 应为 decrease by 10%)
正确示例:
Smoking decreases your resistance to diseases.(及物)
吸烟会降低你对疾病的抵抗力。
The number of patients decreased by 20%.(不及物)
病人数量减少了20%。
8. engage (vt. & vi.)
正确搭配:
engage + n.(雇用;与…交战)
engage sb's attention/interest(吸引某人的注意力/兴趣)
engage in(参加,从事)
engage sb in sth(使某人参与某事)
be engaged in(忙于,从事)
常见错误:
混淆及物与不及物用法
漏掉介词 in(如 engage business 错误,应为 engage in business)
误用 engage sb 表示“吸引某人”(应为 engage sb's interest/attention)
混淆 engage 与 involve/occupy
正确示例:
The teacher knows how to engage students' interest.(及物)
老师知道如何吸引学生的兴趣。
She engages in medical research.(不及物)
她从事医学研究。
9. annoy (vt.)
正确搭配:
annoy + n.(使某人生气)
be annoyed at/with/by(对…感到恼火)
常见错误:
误作不及物动词(如 He annoys. 错误)
混淆 annoy 与 bother/disturb(语气程度不同)
介词搭配错误(如 annoy for 错误)
正确示例:
The loud noise annoyed the patients.
巨大的噪音使病人感到恼怒。
10. justify (vt.)
注:您列表中有 justified (adj.),此处给出其动词原形 justify。
正确搭配:
justify + n./doing sth(证明……有理)
justify oneself(为自己辩解)
be justified in doing sth(做某事有正当理由)
常见错误:
误用 justify to do sth(错误,应为 justify doing)
混淆 justify 与 prove/explain
漏掉反身代词(如 justify his action 正确,但 justify himself 也是常见用法)
正确示例:
How can you justify spending so much on equipment?
你怎么能证明花这么多钱买设备是合理的?
对比示例:
❌ He tried to justify to spend more money.
✅ He tried to justify spending more money.
疑难长句分析与仿写
1. Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention. (p 30)
遗传学家一直试图识别哪些基因与哪些疾病相关,因为他们认为基因组编辑是疾病治疗和预防的有效手段。
1). 结构拆解:
主句:Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases
主语:Geneticists(遗传学家)
谓语:have been trying(一直在尝试,现在完成进行时)
宾语部分:to identify which genes relate to which diseases(识别哪些基因与哪些疾病相关)
状语从句 (as 引导原因): as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention.
连接词:as(因为)
主语:they(他们,指代遗传学家)
谓语:believe(相信)
宾语从句:genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention(基因组编辑是疾病治疗和预防的有效手段)
2). 核心逻辑关系:
因果关系: 因为(as)遗传学家相信基因组编辑是有效的治疗/预防手段,所以他们一直在尝试识别基因与疾病的对应关系。
时态: 主句用现在完成进行时(have been trying),强调动作从过去一直持续到现在,可能还会继续。从句用一般现在时(believe, is),表达一个当前持有的观点或事实。
3). 语法/表达亮点:
使用 which... relate to which... 结构,简洁地表达“哪一者与哪一者之间的对应关系”。
as 在这里比 because 稍显正式,语气更弱一些,常用来补充已知的或显而易见的原因。
宾语从句中包含一个名词短语 an effective means of...。
4) 句子仿写与翻译 (保留原句的核心结构)
[某人/某群体] have been trying to [动作1] which [事物A] relate to which [事物B], as they believe [某观点或信念].
(1)教育工作者一直在试图确定哪种教学方法与哪种学习成果相关,因为他们相信个性化教学是学生成功的关键因素。(教育领域):
(2)环境科学家一直在试图分析哪些人类活动与哪些气候变化相关,因为他们相信减少碳排放是缓解全球变暖的有效途径。 (环境科学领域):
2. There is evidence that acupuncture dates back to the Stone Age, when stone tools called bian were used to press areas of the body. (p 39)
有证据表明,针灸可以追溯到石器时代,当时人们使用一种叫做“砭”的石器来按压身体的各个部位。
1). 结构拆解:
主句: There is evidence
存在句型(There be),表示“有证据”。
同位语从句(修饰 evidence): that acupuncture dates back to the Stone Age
解释 evidence 的具体内容:针灸可以追溯到石器时代。
非限制性定语从句(修饰 the Stone Age): when stone tools called bian were used to press areas of the body
when 指代“在那个时代”,补充说明石器时代的一个特征:当时使用一种叫“砭”的石器来按压身体部位。
2). 核心逻辑关系:
总—分结构: 先提出“有证据”,再说明证据内容(针灸的历史年代),最后补充该年代的具体背景(使用砭石)。
修饰层次:
evidence → that 从句
the Stone Age → when 从句
3). 语法/表达亮点:
There is evidence that... 是引出事实或研究发现的常用句型。
dates back to 表示“追溯到”,描述起源。
when 引导非限制性定语从句,补充时代背景信息。
called bian 是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰 stone tools。
press areas of the body 简洁表达“按压身体部位”,暗示原始医疗行为。
4) 句子仿写与翻译 (保留原句的核心结构)
(1)有证据表明,书写起源于古代美索不达米亚(Mesopotamia),当时一种叫做“布勒拉”( bullae)的粘土符号被用来记录交易。(历史 / 书写工具)
(2)There is evidence that herbal anesthesia was used in ancient China, when plants such as cannabis and aconite were boiled to relieve pain during surgery. (医学 / 麻醉历史):
3. Moreover, there is growing concern that we might fall victim to this technology, as there are cases in which hackers have broken into facial recognition systems by using people's social media photos to build models of their faces. (p 47)
此外,人们越来越担心自己可能会沦为这项技术的牺牲品,因为已有这样的案例:黑客通过使用人们在社交媒体上的照片来构建其面部模型,成功侵入了面部识别系统。
1). 句子结构:这是一个主从复合句,逻辑清晰,层层递进。
主句: Moreover, there is growing concern(此外,人们日益担忧)
Moreover 是连接副词,表示递进关系。
there is growing concern 是“There be + 名词”结构,表示“存在一种日益增长的担忧”。
同位语从句: that we might fall victim to this technology
这个从句解释了“concern”(担忧)的具体内容:我们可能会成为这项技术的受害者。
原因状语从句: as there are cases,as 引导从句,说明产生这种担忧的原因:因为存在一些案例。
定语从句: in which hackers have broken into facial recognition systems
in which 修饰先行词 cases,具体说明是什么样的案例:黑客侵入面部识别系统的案例。
方式状语(介词短语): by using people's social media photos to build models of their faces
by... 说明黑客侵入系统所采用的具体手段:通过使用人们在社交媒体上的照片来建立他们面部的模型。
2). 语法要点:
growing concern:现在分词作定语,表示“日益增长的担忧”。
fall victim to:固定搭配,意为“成为……的受害者”。
as:在这里引导原因状语从句,语气比 because 稍弱,更侧重于“根据已知情况推断出的原因”。
in which:介词+关系代词引导定语从句,相当于 where。
by doing:典型的表示方式、手段的状语结构。
3). 句子逻辑脉络:
递进观点 (Moreover) → 表达担忧 (there is growing concern that...) → 解释担忧的具体内容 (we might fall victim) → 给出担忧的原因 (as there are cases) → 具体说明是什么案例 (hackers have broken into...) → 详细描述作案手段 (by using photos to build models)。
4)句子仿写与翻译 (保留原句的核心结构)
仿照原句的“递进观点 + 表达担忧 + 担忧的具体内容 + 原因 + 具体案例 + 手段”这一逻辑链条来造句。
(1)Furthermore, there is mounting anxiety that the public could be deceived by AI-generated deepfakes, as there have been incidents in which scammers have created convincing fake videos of celebrities by feeding thousands of their photos into generative models. (主题:人工智能与深度伪造)
翻译与结构分析:
Furthermore (递进) -> there is mounting anxiety (担忧) -> that the public could be deceived... (担忧内容:公众被骗) -> as there have been incidents (原因:已有事件) -> in which scammers have created... (具体事件:骗子制作假视频) -> by feeding thousands of their photos... (手段:输入大量照片到生成模型)。
(2)同样,人们越来越担心个人可能会失去对自己个人数据的控制,因为存在这样的例子:公司在未经用户明确同意的情况下,利用用户的在线活动记录来训练定向广告算法。 (主题:社交媒体与数据隐私)
翻译与结构分析:
Similarly (递进) -> there is a rising fear (担忧) -> that individuals might lose control... (担忧内容:个人失去控制权) -> as there are examples (原因:存在例子) -> in which companies have exploited... (具体例子:公司利用用户活动记录) -> by using... to train... (手段:用来训练广告算法)。
4 / 4
(
zxxk.com
)学科网(北京)股份有限公司
(
zxxk.com
)学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$