Unit 5 Learning from Nature 阅读·久久为功-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册教师用书word（外研版）

本讲义以“自然与人类的关系”为核心，通过主题名句引入，串联“建筑中的自然元素”“回归大自然”两篇课文，辅以词汇记忆、写作范文及主题阅读，构建从语言输入到输出的完整学习支架，帮助学生系统理解自然对人类文明的影响。 该资料特色在于跨学科整合与核心素养培养，通过中英文对译、难句破解提升语言能力，对比陶渊明与梭罗体现文化意识，仿生学案例分析发展思维品质。课中助力教师系统授课，课后词汇表、范文及拓展阅读可辅助学生巩固知识，查漏补缺。

附：《阅读·久久为功》 一、背主题名句，写大气文章 1．In all things of nature there is something of the marvellous.—Aristotle 在自然界的所有事物中，总有奇妙之处。——亚里士多德 2．Go to the vast world and listen to the teachings of nature.—Bryant 到广阔的天地中去，聆听大自然的教诲。——布赖恩特 3．Every field of nature is wonderful.—Aristotle 大自然的每一个领域都是美妙绝伦的。——亚里士多德 4．Only when we learn to live in harmony with nature and animals, can we realize the deepest value of mankind's existence. 当我们学会与自然和动物和谐相处后，人类才可能实现其最高的存在价值。 二、课文不厌百遍读，书中自有“黄金屋” 课文1　Nature in Architecture(建筑中的自然元素) 1　Trees, plants and flowers are all around us and we enjoy their beauty every day. In fact, we are inspiration they have given us. When we look at a pine cone, we might think how much it looks like the tiles on a roof. An open flower might make us think how closely it resembles an umbrella. roof that inspired the pine cone. 　 [课文对译]　我们身边都有花、草、树木，并且每天都能欣赏到它们的美。事实上，我们已经习惯了它们的存在，甚至可能把它们视为理所当然，却没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。看到一个松果， 我们可能会想它看起来多么像屋顶上的瓦片；看到一朵绽开的花，我们可能会觉得它和雨伞是多么相似。以这种方式思考是很自然的，但当然不是雨伞给了花朵灵感，也不是屋顶给了松果灵感。 [难句破解]　句①　本句是复合句。so ...that ... 引导结果状语从句；how much引导宾语从句。 句②　本句包含两个强调句型，第一个句型强调the umbrella，第二个句型强调the roof，由于or表示并列，第二个强调句型中省略了it wasn't。 2　Nature has inspired many of the most fascinating designs around us, including those in architecture. From Barcelona's forest-like Sagrada Familia to the modern style of Beijing's Water Cube, nature is presented in various architectural designs. Today, architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms, to mimic the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building. [课文对译]　我们身边许多最迷人的设计，包括建筑设计，它们的灵感都来自大自然。从巴塞罗那的森林般的圣家族大教堂到现代风格的北京水立方，在各式各样的建筑设计中都能发现自然元素。如今，建筑师不断探寻捕捉自然形态之美的方法，模仿自然运行的方式，或者让自然生物融为建筑的一部分。 ArtScience Museum, Singapore 3　People will enjoy Singapore's ArtScience Museum. The building was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment in which it sits. Shaped to resemble a lotus flower, it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it. Its roof collects rainwater and channels it 35 metres down to a waterfall in the centre of the space. The water is then recycled through the building's plumbing system. Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms. [课文对译]　新加坡艺术科学博物馆 对探索艺术与科学的关系感兴趣的人会乐于参观新加坡的艺术科学博物馆。该建筑旨在展示自然和现代城市环境之间的联系。它的形状像一朵莲花，漂浮在海滨长廊上，四周被水环绕。它的屋顶可收集雨水，雨水顺着管道向下35米到达博物馆中心的瀑布。然后，水通过建筑的管道系统循环使用。当置身于这样一座真实地捕捉到自然形态之美的城市建筑中时，参观者常常叹为观止。 [难句破解]　句③　whose引导定语从句，修饰People。 The Eastgate Centre, Harare 4　Harare's Eastgate Centre is a superb example of biomimicry. To use biomimicry is to create structures based on natural forms and processes. Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was inspired to create the Centre constructing their nests.The insects built mounds covered in little holes designed to allow air to ⑤ move freely in and out of the mounds. In a similar way, the Eastgate Centre has a “skin” covered in holes. During the day, warm air is drawn into the building through the holes, cooling At night, the heat absorbed by the wall during the day warms the cool air, creating a comfortable temperature inside. The design reduces the need for ⑦ traditional air conditioning and heating systems, so the building uses less energy and costs less to run. [课文对译]　哈拉雷东门大厦 哈拉雷东门大厦是极好的仿生学范例，利用仿生技术，在自然形态和过程的基础上创造建筑结构。津巴布韦建筑师米克·皮尔斯在一部大自然纪录片中看到白蚁筑造蚁穴，从中得到启发，从而设计了东门大厦。这种昆虫搭建表面覆有小洞的蚁丘，以保证蚁丘内外部的空气流通。东门大厦也用了相似的方法，大厦的“皮肤”上设计了很多洞。白天，暖空气通过洞口引入建筑内部，在流向建筑中部的过程中冷却下来。夜间，墙壁吸收的热量使冷空气变暖，创造着适宜的内部温度条件。该设计减少了对传统空调和供暖系统的需求，因此建筑运行能耗和成本都较低。 [难句破解]　句④　本句是复合句。while引导的时间状语从句省略了he was。in which引导定语从句，修饰a nature documentary。 句⑤　过去分词短语covered in little holes作定语，修饰前面的mounds。过去分词短语designed to allow ...作定语，修饰holes。 句⑥　as引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”。 句⑦　过去分词短语absorbed by the wall ...作定语，修饰the heat。现在分词短语creating a comfortable temperature ...作结果状语。 The Algae House, Hamburg 5　The world's first algae-powered building is in Hamburg, Germany. The surface of the apartment building is covered in panels that contain algae. The algae are fed with liquid nutrients and carbon dioxide to encourage them to grow. In bright sunshine, they grow faster and provide shade. The panels also capture heat from the sun and convert it into energy that powers the building. And — the algae inside the panels can be harvested and used to produce fuel. The building therefore not only responds to its environment and uses less energy, but also reduces damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy. [课文对译]　汉堡藻屋 世界上第一座藻类能源建筑位于德国汉堡。公寓楼表面的面板上覆盖着藻类。藻类以液体营养素和二氧化碳为养料，促进自身生长。阳光明媚的时候，它们长得更快，可以遮阴。这些面板还可以吸收太阳的热量，并转化为电能，给建筑物供电。除此之外，面板内的藻类可以收集起来，做燃料用。因此，该建筑不仅能够适应环境，减少能耗，而且自身可以产生可再生能源，减少对环境的危害。 [难句破解]　句⑧　not和all连用表示部分否定。 6　Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment. To meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge, but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this. [课文对译]　创造这样的建筑物能够使我们与我们的环境更和谐地相处。保护明天的世界，同时满足当下的需求，这可能是一项挑战，但即使是最简单的生物也能帮忙，教我们如何实现目标。 课文2　Back to Nature(回归大自然) 1　Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau were both poets, but one lived in Ancient China and the other in 19th century America. Superficially, these two men, in time by nearly 1,500 years, were polar opposites. And yet they shared an intense respect for nature, [课文对译]　陶渊明和亨利·大卫·梭罗都是诗人，但是一位生活在古代中国，另一位生活在19世纪的美国。表面上看，这两个人生活在不同的时代，相隔近一千五百年，迥然不同。然而，他们都非常尊重自然，这使得他们在各自的时代都成为有影响力的人物。 [难句破解]　句①　whose引导定语从句，修饰two men。 句②　which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰respect for nature。 2　Both men made dramatic transformations to their lives in order to reconnect with nature. As an official in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tao felt conflicted over life at court. In 405, he quit the service of the court for good, “bow like a servant in return for five dou of grain”. He spent the next 22 years until his death, working the land in a poor, rural area. From his poetry, we can learn that although his life was arduous, he succeeded in finding contentment in its simplicity and in drawing pleasure from nature. [课文对译]　为了重归自然，两人的生活都发生了戏剧性的转变。陶渊明是东晋的官员，但是对官场生活感到困惑。公元405年，陶渊明辞去了官职，以表达他对仕途的不满，用今天的一句名言形容就是“不为五斗米折腰”。在之后的22年里，直到生命的尽头，他躬耕于田野，生活在清贫的农村。我们可以从他的诗歌中看出，尽管生活艰苦，但他从这种简单的生活中成功获得了满足感，并从大自然中获得了乐趣。 [难句破解]　句③　现在分词短语expressing his unhappiness ...作伴随状语。that引导同位语从句，是对line的解释说明。 personal decision to transform the way he lived. He had a decent quality of life, but he wanted to live in a simpler way. For two years, two months and two days, he lived in a cottage in the forest on the edge of Walden Pond, focusing on himself and his writing. He explained his reason for doing so in Walden：“ I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life.” Both men were happy to withdraw from contemporary life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of their lives. [课文对译]　陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应，而梭罗则是出于个人的决定而改变自己的生活方式。虽然梭罗过着体面的生活，但他希望活得更简单些。两年两个月零两天，他住在瓦尔登湖边森林里的一间小屋里，专注于自身和写作。他在《瓦尔登湖》中解释了这样做的原因：“我步入丛林，是因为我希望自由地生活，只面对生活中的基本事实。”两个人都乐于从当下的生活中抽身而退，在平静的生活中寻求与自然和谐的关系。 [难句破解]　句④　while表示对比。he was opposed to是定语从句，修饰a lifestyle，省略了关系代词that/which。he lived是定语从句，修饰the way，省略了关系副词that/in which。 4　Although Tao and Thoreau do not treat nature in quite the same way, their works show its beauty and value. Tao's nature is a place of fields and villages, in other words, rural, and his animals are domestic ones, such as chickens and dogs. is in contrast to and critical of the depressive court life： Beyond the dark and distance lies a village， The smoke above reluctant to depart. A dog is barking somewhere down the lane， And chickens sit atop the mulberry tree. [课文对译]　尽管陶渊明和梭罗对待自然的方式不同，但他们的作品都展现了自然的美丽和价值。陶渊明的自然是田野和村庄，换句话说，是田园。他的动物们都是家养的，比如鸡和狗。他描写的平静祥和的生活，与压抑的官场生活形成鲜明对比，是对压抑的官场生活的批判： 暧暧远人村，依依墟里烟。狗吠深巷中，鸡鸣桑树颠。 [难句破解]　句⑤　he wrote about 是定语从句，修饰life，省略了关系代词that。 5　Thoreau's descriptions of nature emphasised the beauty and purity of the wild areas around him. Devoting himself to observations of the natural phenomena, he recorded his detailed findings in his journals. Thoreau's writing aimed to convince people that animals and plants had a ⑥ right to live and prosper, as we do. as he describes in his journals： Live in each season as it passes; breathe the air, drink the drink, taste the fruit, and resign yourself to the influences of each. Let them be your only diet, drink and botanical medicines. [课文对译]　梭罗在描述自然时，重点描绘了他周围原野的美丽与纯粹。他全身心投入到观察自然现象中，并在日记中详细地记录了自己的发现。梭罗的写作意在使人们信服，动物和植物就像我们人类一样都有生存和繁荣的权利。我们应该与它们和谐共处，享受大自然的恩赐，正如他在日记中描述的那样： 好好度过每一个季节，呼吸新鲜的空气，畅饮美酒，品尝水果，尽情享受这一切。让生活中只有饮食和草药。 [难句破解]　句⑥　that引导的从句作convince的宾语。as引导方式状语从句，意为“正如”。 句⑦　as引导的非限制性定语从句，代表主句所表达的整个内容。 6　It takes considerable courage to reject the easy and familiar and instead try to live closer to nature, as both Tao and Thoreau did. Their choices led them to quiet and reflective lives with fewer material desires. In today's modern world, their ideas about living simply and being at ease with nature may take us a step closer to attaining personal well-being and fulfilment. [课文对译]　像陶渊明和梭罗那样，拒绝简单熟悉的事物，转而尝试亲近大自然，这需要相当大的勇气。他们的选择使他们过上了平静而沉思的生活，物质欲望减少了。在今天这个现代世界，他们关于简单生活和与自然和谐相处的想法，可能会让我们离获得个人幸福和满足感更近一步。 三、词汇记忆无诀窍，适时“回首”记得牢 1．lotus n．　　　　　　　 莲花，荷花 2．mound n. 土堆，土丘 3．take ...for granted ... 认为……理所应当 4．tile n. 瓦片 5．architect n. 建筑师 拓展 6．mimic v. 模仿 7．waterfront n. 滨水地区 8．plumbing n. 管道系统 9．superb adj. 极好的，出色的 10．biomimicry n. 仿生学 11．dioxide n. 二氧化物 12．convert v. 使转变；使转换 13．frontier n. (学科的)知识前沿 14．pond n. 池塘 15．sow v. 播(种) 16．wisdom n. 智慧，才智；明断；学问 拓展 17．seek solutions to 寻求解决方法 18．take inspiration from 从……中获取灵感 19．employ v. 使用，运用；雇用 拓展 20．bat n. 蝙蝠 21．echo-location n. 回声定位 22．radar n. 雷达 23．swimsuit n. 游泳衣 24．dragonfly n. 蜻蜓 25．drone n. 无人驾驶飞机 26．spider n. 蜘蛛 27．physician n. 医生 拓展 28．superficially adv. 表面(上)地 29．bow v. 鞠躬 30．rural adj. 农村的，乡村的 31．decent adj. 可接受的，相当好的 32．cottage n. 乡村小屋 33．deliberately adv. 不慌不忙地，从容不迫地 拓展|deliberate adj. 不慌不忙的，从容不迫的 34．withdraw v. 退出 35．domestic adj. 驯养的；家养的 36．depressive adj. 抑郁的 拓展 37．reluctant adj. 不情愿的；勉强的 拓展 反义|willing adj. 乐意的，自愿的 38．depart v. 离开 拓展|departure n. 离开，起程 39．lane n. (乡间的)小路 40．atop prep. 在……顶上 41．mulberry n. 桑葚；桑树 42．purity n. 纯洁；洁净 拓展 43．resign v. 使自己顺从于(做)某事；安于 搭配|resign oneself to 使某人听从/顺从/甘心于…… 44．botanical adj. 植物(学)的 拓展 45．reject v. 拒绝接受 拓展|rejection n. 拒绝，抛弃 反义|accept v. 接受 46．ease n. 舒适，悠闲 搭配|at ease with 不拘束，放松 47．attain v. 得到，获得 同义|get, obtain 48．fulfilment n. 满足(感) 拓展|fulfill vt. 实现，履行；使满足 49．evaluate v. 评估，评价 拓展|evaluation n. 评价，评估 四、范文佳作多背诵，写作增分最实用 (一)单元写作任务范文背诵 写作话题　改造废弃花园 为了增强学生的劳动意识，你校组织学生改造了校园内的一处废弃花园。请你就此给校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括： 1．活动时间与地点；　2.活动内容(除草、种花等)；　3.活动的意义。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；　2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 [推荐范文] To raise students' awareness of labor, our school launched an activity to rebuild a deserted/abandoned garden on campus last Friday. Over 60 students from each class took an active part in the activity. On/Upon arriving at the garden, all the students were divided into two groups. One group was responsible for weeding the garden and the other group was in charge of planting flowers. After one and a half hours' hard work, the activity came to an end. Tired as the students were, they had great fun and a sense of achievement. The activity was thought highly of by all the participants and turned out to be a great success. Not only does it offer students an opportunity to get close to nature, but it also makes students realize the importance of labor. (二)单元主题优美语段背诵 语段　大自然——灵感的源泉 The beauty of nature ignites our creativity and imagination. Artists, poets, and writers have drawn boundless inspiration from nature's captivating allure. The interplay of light and shadow across a landscape, the graceful dance of a butterfly, or the vibrant hues of a sunset — all these serve as muses, fueling creativity and expression. 大自然的美激发了我们的创造力和想象力。艺术家、诗人和作家们从大自然迷人的吸引力中汲取了无穷的灵感。风景中光影的交错，蝴蝶的优美舞姿，或者日落时分的艳丽色彩——所有这些都是灵感之源，激发了创造力和表达。 五、主题集群阅读，拓展主题认知 时尚悦读　仿生学：自然与技术的交汇点 Humans are curious by nature, and about nature. Perfected over billions of years, nature's forms and functions have inspired us to imitate it and develop materials and technologies that improve our lives. Consequently, a science known as “bionics” was born. Although the term “bionics” officially dates back to 1958, the practice is centuries old. back as 2，500 years ago，Lu Ban, a carpenter in ancient China, was engaged in bionics when he produced a saw by copying the shape of a leaf's sharp teeth. Currently, bionics has scientists eagerly combing the natural world for original ideas to stimulate their creativity. Once scientists bridge the gap between nature and innovation, a path opens up to many novel ideas. One idea grew from observing the sunflower's spiral seed pattern, which is not just eye-catching, but also intelligent. The seeds grow at the “golden angle” of 137.5, ensuring all of them receive sunlight. To capture maximum sunlight，the sunflower's face also follows the sun's path. As capturing sunlight is the purpose of solar power plants, it is not surprising when engineers have decided to imitate the sunflower's natural solutions. Solar mirrors are arranged to copy the spiral seed pattern and positioned at the same “golden angle”. The mirrors are also programmed to follow the sun, hence the solar plant functions exactly like a sunflower. The design is also eco-friendly, requiring less land to build on and less energy to operate. Equally exciting are the diverse possibilities provided by the animal kingdom.For example，scientists uncovered the secret behind their bright colour. The wings of these butterflies are covered with tiny diamond-shaped structures that interact with light, causing some colour wavelengths to be cancelled out while intensifying and reflecting others.Inspired, scientists have recreated these microstructures that can be inset into legal documents and banknotes and produce a unique visual effect almost impossible to copy. A better understanding of the butterfly's vividly coloured wings has also led scientists to develop paints without using harmful substances, which not only last longer but are also more eco-friendly. As we continue to study and appreciate the wonder of nature, it is certain that our future will see many more fascinating technological innovations. Bionics is set to move forward quickly with potential growth in the areas of vision, hearing, artificial limbs and wearable robotics. For example, inspired by the incredibly strong exoskeleton of insects, scientists and engineers are now building robotic suits. When worn, these exoskeletons can greatly improve the mobility, strength and load-bearing capabilities of the wearer. However, what we are witnessing today is just the tip of the iceberg. Once such obstacles as power supply, weight and range of motion are solved, exoskeletons will have even wider applications. Indeed, a real-life enhanced operator could be waiting for us in the future! nature is and how much it can show us. As we work hard to make life better for everyone, it is possible that nature has the answers to our most urgent questions, and all we have to do is look for them. Nature not only provides our lives with a scenic backdrop, it could also prove to be our greatest teacher! [难句破解]　 句①　It could be said that“可以这么说”为固定句式It's said that的变形；a carpenter in ancient China为主语Lu Ban的同位语；when he produced a saw为时间状语从句，by copying ...为by doing ...结构，意为“通过借助……方式”。 句②　本句的谓语动词为has led to，其前的名词短语research into ...为句子的主语；since ...为时间状语从句。 句③　逗号前为with复合结构；how clever nature is and how much ...为and连接的两个由感叹句转化而来的宾语从句，在句中作realize的宾语。 [助读译文] 人类天生充满好奇心，对大自然(更是)如此。经过几十亿年的日臻完善，大自然的形态和功能激励我们去模仿它，开发出改善我们生活的材料和技术。因此，一门称之为“仿生学”的科学诞生了。虽然“仿生学”一词正式追溯到1958年，但这种实践已有数个世纪的历史。据说早在2 500年前，古代中国的木匠鲁班就开始从事仿生学，当时他通过模仿树叶锋利的齿状制造了一把锯。目前，仿生学促使科学家热切地在自然界中寻找有创意的想法，激发他们的创造力。 一旦科学家跨越了自然和创新之间的鸿沟，就打开了一条通往许多新奇想法的道路。一个想法源自观察向日葵螺旋形的种子图案，这种图案不仅好看，还很聪明。种子都以 137.5°的“黄金角度”排列，确保所有种子都能接受到阳光照射。为了最大限度地获得光照，向日葵的花盘也随着太阳的轨迹而转向。由于太阳能发电厂的目的就是要获得阳光，所以毫不奇怪，工程师决定仿向日葵的自然的解决方案。阳光反射镜模仿螺旋形的种子图案而排列，并安装在相同的“黄金角度”处。镜子也被设定为随着太阳而转向，因此太阳能发电厂完全像向日葵样运行。太阳能发电厂也是环保的，需要用于建设的土地和用于运行的能源更少。 动物王国提供的各种可能性也同样令人激动。例如，在科学家发现了某种蝴蝶翅膀颜色鲜艳背后的秘密后，针对这种蝴蝶的湛蓝翅膀的研究带来了创新技术。这些蝴蝶的翅膀上覆盖着微小的菱形结构，这些结构与光相互作用，使一些颜色的波长被抵消，而增强和反射其他颜色的波长。受此启发，科学家再现了这些微结构将其嵌入到法律文件和纸币中，获得一种几乎不可能复制的独特的视觉效果。进一步了解蝴蝶的色彩鲜艳的翅膀后，科学家研发出不使用有害物质的涂料，这种涂料不仅使用寿命更长，而且更加环保。 随着我们继续研究和欣赏大自然的神奇，未来肯定会有许许多多不可思议的技术创新。仿生学要迅速向前发展，可能发展的领域有视觉、听觉、假肢以及可穿戴机器人科学。例如，受非常坚固的昆虫外骨骼启发，科学家和工程师现在正在开发机器人外套。当穿在人体上，这些外骨骼可以大大改善穿戴者的移动性、力量和承载力。然而，今天我们见证的只是冰山一角。一旦电源、重量和活动范围这样的障碍得到排除，外骨骼会有更广泛的应用。事实上，现实生活中的增强型操作员或许就在未来等着我们！ 随着仿生学取得如此迅速的进展，我们已经逐渐认识到大自然是多么的聪明，它能向我们展示多少东西。当我们努力为每个人创造更好的生活时，大自然有可能为我们最迫切的问题提供答案，而我们所要做的就是寻找它们。大自然不仅为我们的生活提供了风景优美的背景，它也被证明是我们最伟大的老师！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $