Unit 4 Section Ⅲ Using language-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册教师用书word（外研版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语定语从句复习这一核心知识点，通过“语境中体悟”（以Isaac Asimov生平例句引入）、“学案中理清”（系统梳理关系代词、关系副词及“介词+关系代词”用法）、“应用中融通”（高考真题及填空、短文练习）的学习支架，构建从感知到理解再到应用的完整学习脉络。 该资料以语境化输入提升语言能力，如Asimov例句助学生直观理解语法规则，通过对比分析（which与as区别）培养思维品质，结合听力再利用和词汇拓展（如make ends meet短语）增强学习能力。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后助力学生通过真题练习与查漏补缺巩固知识。

Section Ⅲ　Using language 语法项目——复习定语从句 语境中体悟 Isaac Asimov was an American scientist and writer who wrote around 500 books① that/which included mystery stories, science and history books, and even books about Shakespeare②.But his best­known work was his science fiction stories.Asimov had both an extraordinary imagination that/which gave him the ability to explore future worlds③ and an amazing mind with which he searched for explanations of everything in the present and the past④.Asimov's life began in Russia, where he was born⑤ on 2nd January, 1920.It ended in New York on 6th April, 1992, when he died⑥ as a result of an HIV infection that/which he had got from a blood transfusion nine years earlier⑦. [语法入门] 句①是关系代词who引导的定语从句，修饰指人的先行词an American scientist and writer； 句②是关系代词that/which 引导的定语从句，修饰指物的先行词around 500 books； 句③是关系代词that/which 引导的定语从句，修饰指物的先行词an extraordinary imagination； 句④是“介词＋关系代词which”引导的定语从句，修饰指物的先行词an amazing mind; 句⑤是关系副词where引导的定语从句，where在从句中作地点状语； 句⑥是关系副词when引导的定语从句，when在从句中作时间状语； 句⑦是关系代词that/which 引导的定语从句，修饰指物的先行词an HIV infection。 学案中理清 定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分。定语从句分为限制性和非限制性从句(与主句之间用逗号隔开)两种。定语从句的基本结构为：先行词＋关系代词或关系副词＋从句。关系词有三大作用：指代先行词；引导定语从句；在从句中充当句子成分。 一、关系代词的用法　 1．关系代词的基本用法 关系代词 先行词 句法功能 Who 人 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语 Whom 人 宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) whose (＝of whom/of which) 人或物 定语 That 人或物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语 Which 物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) As 人或物 主语、宾语 2．五种只用that而不用which的情况 (1)先行词是不定代词all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时； Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? 你有什么要为自己说的吗？ (2)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或the only, the very (恰恰，正好), the last等修饰时； This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。 This is the only thing that we can do now. 这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。 (3)先行词既有人又有物时； The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all. 你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就为我们所有人所钦佩。 (4)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时； Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. 上海不再是过去的那座城市了。 (5)当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。 Who is the person that is standing at the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁？ 3．which与as引导非限制性定语从句时的3点区别 which as 位置 只能放在主句的后面 位置灵活，可位于句首、句中，也可置于句末 搭配 无动词的限制 从句谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see, hear, know, expect, remember等 意思 意为“这一点” 表示“正如……，正像……的那样” [对点练] (1)单句语法填空 ①(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, which originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. ②(2025·北京高考)However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, which accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. ③(2025·浙江1月高考)Tanya is also looking beyond special­occasion dresses to less formal clothing, which she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer­term rental period. ④(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route which/that brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. ⑤(2023·全国甲卷)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, as Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”． ⑥(2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place which/that welcomes the fast­paced development of modern life, with 21st­century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. (2)完成句子 ⑦First, the_place_(which/that)_we've_decided_to_visit — the Forest Park is not far away from the center of the city. 首先，我们决定去参观的地方——森林公园离市中心并不远。 ⑧From this experience I have learnt that questioning can serve as a bridge that/which_helps_us_to_seek_the_truth.我从这次经历中学到：质疑可以成为帮助我们寻求真理的桥梁。 ⑨This is the very book that_I_am_looking_for. 这正是我在找的那本书。 ⑩Those who_survived_the_floods could hardly believe what had happened. 那些在洪水中幸存下来的人很难相信所发生的事情。 二、关系副词的用法　 关系副词 先行词 语法功能 转换为“介词＋关系代词” when 表示时间的名词：time, day, year等 作时间状语 ＝at/in/on/ during which where 表示场所的名词：park, place, country, house等 作地点状语 ＝in/at/to/ on which why 表示理由或原因的名词：reason 作原因状语 ＝for which We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before. 我们生活在一个比以前更容易获得更多信息的时代。 Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other. 古代中国是各诸侯国之间经常发生战争的地方。 [名师点津]　当先行词为situation, case, stage, point等表示抽象意义的词，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用关系副词where。 He has reached the point where a change is needed. 他已到了需要改变的地步了。 [对点练]　(单句语法填空) ①(2025· 全国Ⅱ卷)The shape creates a perfect market where goods could be shipped and received using the river as a highway. ②(2025·北京高考)Psychologist Robert Turner wrote about this in his book, The Life Cycle, mentioning a stage when kids learn self­direction and mastery. ③(2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co­existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age­old fables. ④Some university students carried out a campaign where they spent their whole day without cellphones. ⑤ China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot where it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. ⑥Mr Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990s, when he gave it to his grandson. 三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句　 构成 句法功能 用法指津 the＋名词＋of＋关系代词 主语 可转化为“whose＋名词”结构 数词(形容词最高级)＋of＋关系代词 主语 数词还可以被some, many, most, each等不定代词替换 介词(短语)＋关系代词 状语 关系代词只能用which或whom且不能省略，但可与关系副词互换 介词＋关系代词＋名词 状语 关系代词常用which和whose 介词＋where/when 状语 有时为了表达清楚，还可以在where/when前加介词from或to Recently, I bought an ancient vase，the price of which was very reasonable. 最近，我买了一个古代花瓶，它的价格很合理。 He has ten cousins，the youngest of whom is very clever.他有十个表兄弟，最小的那个很聪明。 We are looking for the person to whom the book belongs.我们正在寻找这本书的主人。 Lily might possibly come, in which case I'll ask her. 莉莉可能会来，要是那样的话我就去问她。 There is a big window in my room, from where I can see the railway station. 我的房间有一个大窗户，透过它我可以看到火车站。 [对点练]　(单句语法填空/完成句子) ①Professor Smith, for whom work matters most, is devoted to his research work. ②Many lessons are now available online, from which students can choose for free. ③She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction of which had taken more than three years. ④Reading has a lot of advantages, one_of_which_is_that_it_helps_you _develop_reading_skills.读书有很多益处，其中之一是它有助于你培养阅读技巧。 ⑤We plan to invite 20 students to the lecture, most_of_whom_have_shown _great_interest_in_environmental_protection. 我们计划邀请 20 名学生参加讲座，其中大多数人对环境保护表现出了浓厚的兴趣。 应用中融通 Ⅰ.用恰当的关系词填空 1．This is the longest train that I have ever seen. 2．Kate, whose sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia. 3．Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home. 4．In 1963, the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of whose purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. 5．Bamboo grows well in the place where it is warm and wet all the year. 6．John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of whom are family members. 7．The reason why I won't be available at that time is that my grandfather fell ill suddenly yesterday and I will have to stay with him that day. 8．Tom's best memory is of last year, when the club gave a dancing party for his birthday. Ⅱ.用恰当的关系词完成下面短文 There was a time ①when I was tired of learning English and disliked speaking English.And this was the reason ②why my father forced me to join in a 30­day training in an English club before I went to senior high school.When I first came to the club, ③where I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much.So I packed up my things and wanted to go home.Fortunately, my guide, ④whose teacher was a famous professor, communicated with me face to face, from ⑤which I gained some useful instructions.He also introduced me to a good partner, and we got along well with each other.Gradually I adapted to the life there.Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities ⑥that/which/不填 we did.I should be grateful to my father and the guide, ⑦who encouraged me to fall in love with English.Now I feel it interesting to learn English, into ⑧which I put my entire energy.Every day I read English words and passages aloud.In class I join in English discussions.Before I go to sleep, I go over the passages, through ⑨which I can memorize a large number of new words.⑩As our English teacher says, “As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and stick to it, you will conquer English sooner or later.” 教材听力“再利用” 一、由听力厚积语料库 1．to_start_with　　　　 首先；作为开始 2．check_in_ 登记；报到 3．turn_out (以某种方式)发生；结果是 4．in good condition 状态良好 5．without delay 立即；毫不迟延地 6．at a lower cost 以较低的成本 二、教材录音材料的发掘训练 1．Where did he live when Sherry was in Hangzhou? A．A fantastic hotel. B．Wang Lin's home. C．A university dormitory. 2．What do we know about the social credit record? A．It started from 2010. B．It is only connected with the loan from the bank. C．It shows people how reliable and creditworthy you are. 3．Who is laolai? A．People with criminal records. B．People who can't be relied on to repay his loans. C．People who borrow a lot of money from the bank. 答案：1～3　ACB 三、依据教材听力完成句子 1．Well, to_start_with,_when_we_checked_in,_they didn't make us pay a deposit! 2.It turned out that Wang Lin has_a_very_good_social_credit_record. 3．And living_in_a_city,_you'd have lots of activities in your daily life that went onto your social credit record. 4.It sounds as_if_the_social_credit_score has turned into money! 5.I saw on TV recently that a man was prohibited from renting an expensive car — because_the_credit_system_showed he was a laolai! 四、听说交际训练 根据本课关于社会信用体系的表达，结合汉语提示完成下面对话。 A：Hi, Li Hua! I heard about something ①related_to_social_credit_(社会信用有关的) today. What's that? B：Well, social credit is a system in our society. It ②plays_an_important_role_in_many_aspects (在很多方面都发挥着重要作用). A: How is that so? ③Could_you_tell_me_more_about_it (你能给我多讲讲吗)? B：Sure. Let me explain. It enables the whole society to have a better sense of integrity. For example, if a person has good social credit, it's easier for them to get loans from banks. A：④What_does_that_mean_for_ordinary_people (那对普通人来说意味着什么)? B：It means that people will be more cautious about their behaviors. Like, if you always keep your promises, your social credit score will be high. A：What is the purpose of forming such a system? B: ⑤To_build_a_more_trustworthy_society (为了构建一个更值得信任的社会). It's definitely an encouragement to be honest and an effective way to regulate people's actions. A：Oh, I see. ⑥That_sounds_really_meaningful (那听起来真的很有意义). 听力素材“多积累” 与“职业和选择”有关的表达： 1．seek a job as ...　　　　　 找一份……的工作 2．get into the field of ... 进入……领域 3．be suitable for the position 适合这个职位 4．list your strengths and skill set 列出你自身的优势和技能 5．be intended to prepare us for ... 旨在使我们为……做好准备 6．inspire me to pursue ...as my career 激励我追求……作为我的职业 7．enable us to be financially independent 让我们能实现经济独立 8．allow us the opportunity to be engaged in让我们有机会从事…… 9．combine work with my interests and strengths 把自己的兴趣和长处与工作结合起来 10．It is no surprise that being one's own boss is appealing to many people. 做自己的老板对很多人都有吸引力，这并不奇怪。 11．The best preparation for good work tomorrow is to do good work today. 为明天做好工作的最好准备就是今天把工作做好。 12．If you don't build your dream, someone will hire you to help build theirs. 如果你不构建自己的梦想，别人会雇你去帮他们构建梦想。 13．A man who doesn't plan long ahead will find trouble at his door. 人无远虑，必有近忧。 14．The only limit to our realization of tomorrow will be our doubts of today. 实现明天理想的唯一障碍是今天的疑虑。 1. You will have to pay bills and handle budgets to make ends meet. 你将不得不支付账单和处理预算，使收支平衡。 ★make ends meet使收支仅能相抵 |用|法|感|知| •As the sun set, Mom stood by the shabby counter, counting coins for the fifth time, anxious whether our family could make ends meet this month. 夕阳西下，妈妈站在破旧的柜台旁，第五次数着硬币，满心焦虑我们家这个月能不能维持收支平衡。 •While I felt very nervous, many students gave me loud applause at the end of my speech. 虽然我感到很紧张，但在演讲结束时，许多学生给了我热烈的掌声。 　 at an end　　　　 结束；终结 at the end of 在……末尾；在……尽头 by the end of 到……为止(常与完成时连用) in the end 最后，终于(常与过去时连用) come to an end 结束 (使)结束；终结　 |应|用|融|会| (完成句子) ①We had learned 2,000 English words by_the_end_of_last_term. 到上个学期为止，我们已经学了2 000个英语单词。 ②Human beings must put_an_end_to_war,_or war will put_an_end_to_human_beings. 人类必须结束战争，否则战争就会毁灭人类。 ③The_football_match_came_to_an_end,_and the crowd soon cleared away from the football ground. 足球比赛结束了，人群很快就从足球场上散去了。 2. Avoid luxuries so that you don't go into debt. 避免奢侈品，这样你就不会负债。 ★go into debt陷入债务之中，负债 |用|法|感|知| •Out of debt, out of danger.无债一身轻。 •It's much easier to get into debt than to get out of debt.负债容易还债难。 •After three years' hard work, I eventually paid off my debts.经过三年的辛苦工作，我终于还清了债务。 　 get into debt　　　　　　　　　 负债 be in heavy debt＝be deep in debt 负债累累 put sb. in debt 使某人负债 be/get out of debt 不欠债 pay off (all) the debts 还清(所有)债务 owe sb.a debt 欠某人一笔债　 |应|用|融|会| (完成句子) ①Her eyes glistening with tears, she reached out to pat his arm and said softly, “You really owe_that_old_doctor_a_debt — he saved your life.” 她眼里闪着泪光，伸手轻轻拍了拍他的胳膊，轻声说：“你真的欠那位老医生一笔债——他救了你的命。” ②Starting your own business could be a way to achieve financial independence. On the other hand, it_could_just_put_you_in_debt. 自己创业可能是实现经济独立的一种方法。但另一方面，它可能会让你置于债务之中。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $