Unit 2 Section Ⅲ Using language-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册教师用书word（外研版）

本讲义聚焦被动语态复习这一核心知识点，以港珠澳大桥建设为语境实例引入，系统梳理其基本构成（含一般过去时、现在完成时等七种时态）、特殊结构（情态动词被动、使役动词被动等）及主动表被动等注意事项，通过“语境体悟—学案梳理—对点练习—应用融通”构建完整学习支架。 该资料以真实工程案例渗透“中国制造”文化意识，通过不同时态对比分析培养思维品质，听力材料“再利用”设计提升语言能力。课中助力教师系统授课，课后练习与听力拓展辅助学生巩固，有效查漏补缺。

Section Ⅲ　Using language 语法项目——复习被动语态 语境中体悟 The major construction work on the world's longest cross­sea bridge was completed① on Oct.24th, 2018, which connects Zhuhai in Guangdong Province with Hong Kong and Macao.So far, more than 400,000 tonnes of steel have been used② for the 6.7km undersea tunnel and 22.9km bridge.It was reported that the travel time from Hong Kong to both Zhuhai and Macao would be cut③ greatly.History has been made in many aspects by the project.It was the first time that an immersed tube tunnel had been built④ in open waters in China.Besides, it is predicted that the bridge can be operated⑤ for 120 years.Because of the progress of “Made in China”， more construction is being realized⑥ or will be realized⑦ in the near future.The “China technology” and “China standard” set by the Hong Kong­Zhuhai­Macao Bridge will even influence the world market. [语法入门] ①中was completed为一般过去时的被动语态； ②中have been used为现在完成时的被动语态； ③中would be cut为过去将来时的被动语态； ④中had been built为过去完成时的被动语态； ⑤中can be operated为含有情态动词的被动语态； ⑥中is being realized为现在进行时的被动语态； ⑦中will be realized为一般将来时的被动语态。 学案中理清 一、被动语态的基本构成形式　 被动语态的基本结构：“be＋及物动词的过去分词”。 被动语态的谓语动词有各种时态变化，以动词 take 为例，其常见时态的被动形式如下表所示： 一般现在时 am/is/are taken 一般过去时 was/were taken 现在进行时 am/is/are being taken 过去进行时 was/were being taken 现在完成时 have/has been taken 过去完成时 had been taken 一般将来时 will/shall be taken 过去将来时 would/should be taken [对点练]　(用所给词的适当形式填空) ①(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)For two weeks in March, Greenwich Village's Blue Hill restaurant was_renamed (rename) wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver's vegetable salad. ②(2025·浙江1月高考)Any restrictions established by the lending library will_be_indicated (indicate) on the label. ③(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Two years later, a six­meter­tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, was_built (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace. ④(2024·1月九省联考卷)Fountain pens were_used (use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity lately because they are refillable. ⑤(2023·浙江1月高考)Citizens of higher social classes were_permitted (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles. ⑥It was_built (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复)． ⑦My washing machine is_being_repaired (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. ⑧Volunteering during teenage years has_been_linked (link) to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self­confidence. 二、被动语态的特殊结构形式　 1．谓语部分含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词(may, might, can, could, will, would, should, ought to, must, need)＋be＋过去分词。 Nowadays, solar energy can be used to produce electricity in many countries. 现在太阳能在许多国家可以用于发电。 A real sense of achievement and happiness may be felt. 可能感觉到一种真正的成就感和幸福感。 [对点练] (1)用所给词的适当形式填空 ①(2024·浙江1月高考)However, though it's nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes be_offered (offer) in smaller packs. ②(2024·全国甲卷)What should be_done_(do) with such a beautiful place? ③(2023·全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still be_employed (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. ④(2022·全国乙卷)The more regularly they can be_inspected(inspect), the more railway safety, reliability and on­time performance will_be_improved (improve)． ⑤The artist was sure he would be_chosen (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister, the old man laughed. (2)句型转换 ⑥Teachers can use it in the classroom. →It can_be_used_in_the_classroom by teachers. ⑦You needn't do it now. →It needn't_be_done (by you) now. 2．使役动词和感官动词的被动语态 (1)在使役动词have, make以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面的不定式作宾语补足语时， 在主动结构中不定式 to 要省略， 但变为被动结构时，要加上to。 get, leave, cause 等使役动词的宾语补足语是带 to 的不定式，变为被动语态时该不定式不变。 My father made me stay up late to finish my homework.(表示主动) I was made to stay up late to finish my homework by my father.(表示被动) [对点练]　(句型转换) ①I didn't notice her enter the office. →She wasn't_noticed_to_enter the office. ②Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. →A stranger was_seen_to_walk_into_the_building. ③She left her estate to her daughter. →Her estate was_left_to_her_daughter. (2)有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面，通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 His mother gave him a present for his birthday. → He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 他妈妈送给他一份生日礼物。 3．动词短语的被动语态 动词短语是一个整体，不可丢掉它后面搭配的介词或副词。 It is said that a new railway station will be set up in my hometown. 据说在我的家乡将建造一座新火车站。 The baby is being taken care of by his grandmother. 这个婴儿正由他的祖母照顾。 Such a strange story has never been heard of. 这样奇怪的事情还从没有听说过。 [对点练]　(句型转换) ①My sister gave me a big cake. → I_was_given_a_big_cake by my sister. ②We should make good use of every chance. →Every chance should be_made_good_use_of. 三、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题　 1．主动形式表示被动意义 (1)当feel, look, smell, taste, sound 等系动词后面接形容词/名词构成系表结构时；当cut, read, sell, wear, write, wash, cook, shut, dry, drink 等表示某种属性且带有修饰语时；当动词表示“开始、结束、运动”等意义时。 The fish smells good.这鱼闻起来很香。 The book written by that famous writer sells very well.那位著名作家写的书很畅销。 Cotton feels soft. 棉花摸起来很柔软。 These cups clean easily. 这些杯子容易洗。 The museum doesn't open on Monday. 这个博物馆星期一不开放。 [名师点津]　经常使用主动语态的短语：come out, come into being, go off, run out, give out, give in。 (2)want, require, need后面用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，或用不定式的被动形式。 These flowers require watering/to be watered. 这些花需要浇水。 (3)“be＋adj.＋to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动形式表示被动含义。 He isn't easy to get along with. 他不容易相处。 [对点练]　(翻译句子) ①我的房子需要修理了。 My_house_needs_repairing/to_be_repaired. ②老年人需要细心照料。 The_old_require_looking_after/to_be_looked_after_carefully. ③这个问题容易回答。 This_question_is_easy_to_answer. ④这个包背起来很重。 The_bag_is_very_heavy_to_carry. 2．含被动语态的固定句型 “It is＋过去分词＋that 从句”这一句型的常见形式有： It is believed that ...　　　 人们相信…… It is said that ... 据说…… It is hoped that ... 人们希望…… It is thought that ... 人们认为…… It is reported that ... 据报道…… It is (well) known that ... 众所周知…… It is supposed/considered that ... 人们认为…… It is agreed that ... 人们一致同意…… It is judged that ... 据判断…… It is proved that ... 事实证明…… It is estimated that ... 据估计…… It is believed that he has been working hard. 大家相信他一直努力工作。 It is reported that the Chang'e­5 probe has successfully completed China's first extraterrestrial sample return mission. 据报道，“嫦娥五号”探测器圆满完成我国首次外星球采样返回任务。 [名师点津]　以上句式大多数可转换为Sb./Sth.is said/believed/thought/reported/...to ...句型。 It is said that the news tops the list of conversation topics on the Internet. →The news is said to top the list of conversation topics on the Internet. 据说这条新闻成为互联网最热门的话题。 [对点练]　(句型转换) ①People say you are a real hero. →You are_said_to_be a real hero. →It_is_said_that you are a real hero. ②People thought Edison had invented the first light. →Edison was_thought_to_have_invented the first light. →It_was_thought_that_Edison_had_invented the first light. 应用中融通 Ⅰ.把下列句子改为被动语态 1．The demanding boss often makes his employees work overtime. →The_employees_are_often_made_to_work_overtime_by_their_demanding_boss. 2．The teacher is keeping the pupils at school for a revision. →The_pupils_are_being_kept_by_the_teacher_at_school_for_a_revision. 3．We know that he is the best dentist in the town. →It_is_known_that_he_is_the_best_dentist_in_the_town./He_is_known_to_be_the_best_dentist_in_the_town. 4．You must finish the article before Friday. →The__article_must_be_finished_by_you_before_Friday. 5．They will not paint the house again next year. → The_house_won't_be_painted_again_by_them_next_year. Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 In recent years many TV shows have become extremely popular among the Chinese audience.Both commercial success and public attention ①have_been_received(receive)．Their popularity ②is_based (base) on simple facts.First, they care about social concerns.Second, they explore a perfect balance between the international forms and Chinese expressions.Despite apparent highlights, much room ③is_left (leave) for improvement.Commercial interests often outweigh educational purposes.In addition, young people ④have_been_misled(mislead)．Such shows should shoulder more responsibility instead of merely entertaining the public.As ⑤is__expected(expect), these programs should be positive in their forms as well as functions.Meanwhile, the values of our society should also ⑥be_safeguarded (safeguard)． 教材听力“再利用” 一、由听力厚积语料库 1．give_up　　　　　　　　 放弃 2．stick_to 坚持 3．catch_up_with 与某人见面；追上，赶上 4．change one's mind 改变某人的想法 5．get used to 习惯于 6．live one's life to the full 充实地生活 二、教材录音材料的发掘训练 1．How old is Janet? A．18.　　　　　B．28.　　　　　C．81. 2．What happened to Janet around 1955? A．Her mother fell ill. B．She started her own business. C．She didn't pass the College Entrance Examination. 3．Who advised Janet to go back to school? A．Her father. B．Her husband. C．Her daughter. 4．How did Janet feel at first when she went back to university after all these years? A．Very excited. B．A little nervous. C．Quite confident. 5．What will Janet do next? A．To go on a tour. B．To take care of her family. C．To start a master's degree. 答案：1～5　CACBC 三、依据教材听力完成句子 1．If you want to lose weight, you need to stop_eating_junk_food,_and you need to start exercising. 2．Never put_off_until_tomorrow what you can do today. 3．As people usually say, “Don't_put_all_of_your_eggs in one basket”． 4．But then five years ago my daughter Candy suggested I go_back_to_school and I jumped at the chance. 5．You'll find that studying again opens_up_a_new_world_of_opportunity to you. 四、听说交际训练 根据本课关于人生智慧的表达，再结合汉语提示完成下面对话。 A：I started volunteering at a community center back in high school. At first, ①I_just_wanted_to_kill_my_free_time (我只是想打发我的空闲时间)． B：That sounds meaningful. Did you keep doing it? A：After that I helped kids with their homework every weekend. But then five years ago, ②I_had_to_stop_because_of_exams (因为考试，我不得不停了下来)． B：Did you miss it? A：I felt empty at first. So last year I went back.Those kids' smiles taught me ③happiness_isn't_about_what_you_get,_but_what_you_give (幸福不在于你得到什么，而在于你付出什么)． B：I want to try, too. ④Any_advice (有什么建议吗)? A：I suggest that you start small — even an hour a week matters. ⑤Remember，the_best_lessons_in_life_come_from_doing (要记得人生中最好的课都来自行动), not just watching. 听力素材“多积累” 与“人生智慧”有关的表达 1．stay positive　　　　　　　 保持乐观 2．embrace change 欣然接受变化 3．lend a helping hand 伸出援手 4．in trouble 处于困境中 5．make use of 利用 6．help each other 互帮互助 7．turn to sb.for help 向某人求助 8．cooperate with others 与他人合作 9．All that you do, do with your might; things done by halves are never done right. 凡事都要尽力而为，不可半途而废，否则将一事无成。 10．What my dad did shows me that being wealthy is not just about money. 我父亲所做的事让我明白，富有不仅仅是钱的问题。 11．Sometimes, a small act of kindness may be powerful enough to make a huge difference. 有时，一个小小的善行可能足以带来巨大的改变。 1．The focus of the sentence is on the recipient of the action, not on the subject of the sentence. 句子的中心是动作的承受者，而不是句子的主语。 ★focus n．焦点，中心；焦距v.(使)聚焦；集中(注意力、精力等)于 |用|法|感|知| •It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that children are the focus of families, shouldering the hope of their parents.这表明当今社会的一个普遍现象：孩子是家庭的中心，承载着父母的希望。 •(主旨升华句)The key to success is to focus on your goals, no matter how challenging the path may become.成功的关键在于，无论道路是多么具有挑战性，都要专注于你的目标。 [归纳点拨] (1)the focus of ...　 ……的焦点/中心 bring ...into focus 使……成为焦点/调准焦距 (2)focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于…… focus ...on ... 把……对准/集中于…… |应|用|融|会| (1)单句语法填空 ①If the camera is not brought into focus, the photo will be blurred (模糊不清)． ②(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)The team focused only on_three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn't study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. (2)句式升级(用with复合结构升级) ③Because he focused his attention on his homework, he forgot all about what I had told him. → With_his_attention_focused_on_his_homework,_he forgot all about what I had told him. ④Because so many people focused their eyes on him, he felt very nervous. →With_so_many_people_focusing_their_eyes_on_him,_he felt very nervous. [联想发散]　表示“集中注意力于……”的短语还有：fix/concentrate one's attention on, concentrate on, pay attention to, be absorbed in等。 2．The subject goes with lengthy expressions that are better put at the end. 主语带有冗长的短语，短语最好放在末尾。 ★go with与……一起存在；与……相配；伴随 |用|法|感|知| •(2025·全国Ⅱ卷写作)A good article on Canadian sports goes with the educational purpose of our English newspaper. 一篇关于加拿大体育运动的好文章与我们英文报的教育目的相伴相生。 •Everything began to go against us. 一切都开始变得对我们不利起来。 •We would rather go on with the experiment than give it up. 我们宁愿把这个实验进行下去，而不愿放弃它。 [归纳点拨]go after　　　　　　 追求，追逐，谋求 go against 不利于，违反，反对 go ahead 开始做；前进；进行 go by (时间)过去 go in for 参加；从事；爱好 go on with 继续做 go over 仔细检查，复习 go without 没有……也行 |应|用|融|会| (完成句子) ①Let's go_over_all_the_lessons_we_have_learnt_this_term before the exam.让我们在考试之前把我们这学期学过的所有课程复习一下吧。 ②She was scared to go_against_her_father's_wishes. 她不敢违背父亲的意愿。 ③I've decided to go_after_that_job_in_Beijing no matter what it takes.我决定谋求北京的那份工作，无论要付出什么代价。 ④As_time_goes_by,_my memory seems to get worse. 随着时间的流逝，我的记忆力似乎越来越差。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $