内容正文:
附:《阅读·久久为功》
一、背主题名句,写大气文章
1.The most fearful enemy is not having a firm conviction.—Romain Rolland
最可怕的敌人就是没有坚定的信念。——罗曼·罗兰
2.All occupations are equal, with no difference in status or worth.Any one that is beneficial to the public is praiseworthy.—Huang Yanpei
职业平等,无高下,无贵贱。苟有益于人群,皆是无上上品。——黄炎培
3.To strive, to seek, to find and not to yield.—Alfred Tennyson
去奋斗,去追求,去发现,且不要放弃。——阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生
4.The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others.—Mahatma Gandhi
寻找自我的最好方法就是让自己忙于服务他人之中。——圣雄甘地
二、课文不厌百遍读,书中自有“黄金屋”
课文1 Facing the Future (面对未来)
1 For many of us, it's something we already have experienced.One moment, we are lying comfortably in bed, about to fall into a deep sleep.The next, our eyes are open and we possibly the most important issue of our lives — the future.Will we get into the school of our choice? What will we be doing in ten years' time? In the face of such questions, how should we approach the future? Can we take action to shape it, or should we just accept whatever comes our way?
[课文对译]
我们许多人都有过这样的经历。前一刻,我们正惬意地躺在床上,即将进入深度睡眠。但下一刻,我们就睁开了双眼,发现自己在思考,甚至在担忧可能是人生中最重要的事情——未来。我们能进入心仪的学校吗?十年之后我们会在做什么?我们能够成为真正想成为的人吗?面对这些疑问,我们应该如何迎接未来呢?我们能否采取行动去影响未来,还是该全然接受现实给予我们的一切呢?
[难句破解]
句① “find +宾语+宾语补足语”结构,用现在分词短语作宾语补足语,表示主动和动作正在进行。
句② 本句是主从复合句。we really want to be 是省略了关系代词的定语从句,修饰先行词 the person。
2 will become reality. In this respect, some people are more fortunate than others, by comparing the lives of two famous authors, born 40 years apart.Although they shared the same ambitious and energetic approach to life, their careers unfolded in contrasting ways.
[课文对译]
正如我们许多人都知道的那样,对未来有计划并不能保证它们都会成为现实。就这一方面而言,一些人比别人更幸运,例如,有两位年龄相差 40岁的著名作家,对比他们的人生就能证明这一点。虽然他们面对生活时都有远大的志向,而且精力充沛,但他们的职业生涯的发展却截然不同。
[难句破解]
句③ 本句是主从复合句。As引导非限制性定语从句,指代后面整个主句的内容并在从句中作宾语。主句是主系表结构,v.ing短语having plans ...future作主语,that引导的同位语从句对guarantee作解释说明。
句④ as引导的非限制性定语从句,as指代前面整个主句的内容并在从句中作主语。过去分词短语born 40 years apart作two famous authors的后置定语,相当于定语从句who were born 40 years apart。
3 The American author, Ernest Hemingway, born in 1899, was from early boyhood singleminded in his ambition to write., he joined a local Kansas newspaper as a trainee reporter.He went on to become foreign correspondent for the Toronto Star and used his extraordinary experiences in Europe and later Cuba to inform his writing.In his words, “I decided that I would write one story about each thing that I knew about.” , he wrote novels and short stories based on his personal experiences of the First World War, the Spanish Civil War, bullfighting and deepsea fishing, amongst others.His novel The Old Man and the Sea, about the threeday epic struggle between an elderly fisherman and the biggest fish , won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1953.He would later go on to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.
[课文对译]
美国作家欧内斯特·海明威生于1899年,他从小立志, 一心一意想要成为作家。高中毕业后,他进入堪萨斯当地的一家报社做实习记者。此后,他又成为《多伦多星报》的一名驻外记者,根据在欧洲和后来在古巴的独特经历进行创作。他曾说:“我决定把我知道的每一件事都写成一个故事。”在立下这一目标后,他根据自己在第一次世界大战、西班牙内战、斗牛表演和深海捕鱼等的亲身经历,创作了许多长篇和短篇小说。他的小说《老人与海》讲述了一位老渔民与一条自己捕过的最大的鱼进行了三天艰苦卓绝搏斗的故事。这部小说于1953年获得普利策小说奖。海明威后来还荣获了诺贝尔文学奖。
[难句破解]
句⑤ on/upon doing ...表示“一……就……”,相当于 as soon as 引导的时间状语从句。
句⑥ 现在分词短语 Having set himself this goal 作时间状语,相当于 After he had set himself this goal。
句⑦ 省略了关系代词 that 的定语从句,修饰先行词 fish。先行词前有形容词最高级修饰,关系代词只能用 that,不能用 which;先行词在定语从句中作宾语,关系代词that可省略。
4 By contrast, the young Arthur Conan Doyle, born in Scotland in 1859, had originally worked as a doctor.But Doyle's main ambition was . his historical novels were published, their success was nothing compared to the stories of his fictional detective, Sherlock Holmes, which he is still best known for to this day.
[课文对译]
相比而言,1859年出生于苏格兰的亚瑟·柯南·道尔,原先是一名医生,但他最大的志向却是成为一名历史小说作家。虽然他出版过一些历史小说,但与他虚构出来的侦探夏洛克·福尔摩斯的故事相比,所取得的成功不可同日而语。直到现在,道尔最广为人知的作品仍是夏洛克·福尔摩斯的故事。
[难句破解]
句⑧ 不定式短语作表语。
句⑨ 本句是主从复合句。Although 在此引导让步状语从句;主句中过去分词短语 compared to ...this day 作状语;which 引导非限制性定语从句,修饰 the stories。
5 Interestingly, Doyle wrote some of his early Holmes stories while he was waiting for patients , in his medical practice in London.After Sherlock Holmes made him a household name,
⑩
Doyle gave up medicine and devoted himself entirely to writing.He still longed to become known for his historical novels amongst other academic works.The public, however, couldn't get enough of Sherlock Holmes. In desperation, Doyle killed off the famous detective in a novel published in
⑪
1893 so that he could focus on his “serious” writing. However, fans of Holmes were so angry that Doyle, under immense pressure, was forced to bring Holmes back from the dead. Doyle's
⑫
many historical novels, plays, poems and academic papers have remained largely forgotten, but Sherlock Holmes has been entertaining readers for well over a century.
[课文对译]
有趣的是,一些早期的福尔摩斯故事是道尔在伦敦行医期间,在等候病人的时候创作的。在夏洛克·福尔摩斯让他变得家喻户晓后,道尔放弃了行医,全身心地投入创作。除了其他学术作品,他还是渴望自己能因历史小说而出名。然而,公众却对夏洛克·福尔摩斯的故事百读不厌。绝望之下,道尔在一部出版于1893 年的小说中杀死了这位著名的侦探,以便专心创作他的“严肃”作品。然而,福尔摩斯迷们对此感到非常愤怒,这使得道尔在巨大压力之下,不得不让福尔摩斯起死回生。道尔的很多历史小说、戏剧、诗歌和学术论文几乎都被人遗忘了,但夏洛克·福尔摩斯却在一个多世纪以来一直吸引着读者。
[难句破解]
句⑩ 此处是 while 引导的时间状语从句,while 表示“在……期间,当……的时候”。
句⑪ 本句是主从复合句。so that 引导目的状语从句;主句中过去分词短语 published in 1893作后置定语,修饰 a novel。
句⑫ 本句是主从复合句。“so ...that ...”引导结果状语从句。
6 Though both of these men were ultimately successful, their paths to success were
⑬
very different,their futures not necessarily turning out exactly as they planned. So, whatever twists and turns you might encounter, take a leaf out of the books of these two authors and be
⑭
prepared for the unexpected. As renowned tech innovator Steve Jobs once said, “You can't connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards.So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future.”
[课文对译]
虽然这两位作家最终都获得了成功,但他们的成功之路却截然不同,他们的未来也不一定完全如他们当初所计划的那样。因此,不管未来你会遇到怎样的坎坷和曲折,都应以这两位作者为榜样,做好应对意外的准备。正如著名的科技创新者史蒂夫·乔布斯所说:“你无法预见性地将生命中的点滴串联起来,只有在回头看时,你才会发现这些点滴之间的联系。所以你要坚信,你现在所经历的,将在你未来的生命中串联起来。”
[难句破解]
句⑬ 本句是主从复合句。Though引导让步状语从句;their futures ...planned是独立主格结构,其中as引导方式状语从句。
句⑭ 本句是多重复合句。whatever引导让步状语从句;and连接两个并列的祈使句。
课文2 The Road Not Taken (未选择的路)
Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,
And sorry I could not travel both
And be one traveler, long I stood
And looked down one as far as I could
To where it bent in the undergrowth;
①
Then took the other, as just as fair,
And having perhaps the better claim,
Because it was grassy and wanted wear;
Though as for that, the passing there
Had worn them really about the same,
And both that morning equally lay
In leaves no step had trodden black.
Oh, I kept the first for another day!
Yet knowing how way leads on to way,
I doubted if I should ever come back.
I shall be telling this with a sigh
Somewhere ages and ages hence:
Two roads diverged in a wood, and I —
I took the one less traveled by,
②
And that has made all the difference.,
[课文对译]
金黄色林中两条路各奔一方,
可惜我无法兼顾,
身在旅途,我久久伫立,
极目望向一条路的尽头,
它蜿蜒拐进远方的灌木丛;
但我却选了另外一条路,公正公平,
抑或有更佳理由,
它荒草萋萋,诱人涉足;
即便如此,旅人的足迹
让两条路看起来相差无几,
那天清晨落叶满地,
两条路都未经脚印污染。
啊,我留下第一条路改日再探!
明知道路径延绵,
我不确定是否还能回到这里。
也许多年之后在某个地方,
我会回顾往事轻声叹息:
树林中有两条路,
我选择了人迹较少的那一条,
从此,它为我带来了全新的人生轨迹。
[难句破解]
句① where 引导的宾语从句,作介词to的宾语。
句② 过去分词短语作后置定语,相当于 which was less traveled by。
1 Lines from the poem The Road Not Taken are often quoted in speeches of all kinds.The poem has been set to music by a number of artists and used in numerous television commercials.It has in fact become one of the most famous American poems of all time, not only because of its natural style, but also because of its thoughtful insights into human nature.
[课文对译]
《未选择的路》这首诗中的诗句常常在各种演讲中被引用。许多艺术家为这首诗谱了曲,它还被运用于大量的电视广告之中。事实上,它已经成为美国历史上最著名的诗歌之一,这不仅是因为其自然的风格,还因为其对人性的深刻洞察。
2 When reading The Road Not Taken, one cannot help but see in one's mind images of a
③
peaceful wood deep within the countryside.Paths in the woods are often used to symbolize how our lives progress and change.The lines “Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, /And sorry I could not travel both” give us a visual representation of the choices that we face and the decisions that we need to make.Life throws many alternatives at us on a daily basis.These range from the basic “ What should I wear today?” to the key issues of what subject to study at university or what
④
job to do after graduation. Of course, the greatest dilemmas arise from moral problems, when we are uncertain which choice results in doing the right thing.
⑤
[课文对译]
阅读《未选择的路》总会让人脑海中不禁浮现出乡村深处静谧的树林。林间小路往往象征我们人生中的进步和变化。“金黄色林中两条路各奔一方,可惜我无法兼顾”这两句话生动地展现了我们面临的选择以及需要做出的决定。生活每天都会向我们抛出许多选择,不仅包括“我今天应该穿什么”这样的小问题,也包括大学应该学什么专业或者毕业后应该做什么工作这样的重大问题。当然,最大的困境往往源于道德问题,因为我们不确定哪个选择才是正确的。
[难句破解]
句③ “连词+现在分词短语”作状语,相当于一个时间状语从句。
句④ 由or连接的两个并列的“what+不定式”结构作宾语。
句⑤ 本句是主从复合句。when 引导时间状语从句,其中包含一个 which 引导的宾语从句。
3 Whether big or small, what all our choices have in common is that they lead to specific
⑥
consequences. Once we make a decision, in most circumstances, there is no going back. Although the writer of the poem considers taking the other path another day, he knows it's unlikely
⑦
that he will ever have the opportunity to do so. Like the writer, all we can do is look backwards “with a sigh” and imagine what could have been.
⑧
[课文对译]
无论我们的选择是大是小,它们都有一个共同点,那就是它们都会带来某种结果。在大多数情况下,一旦我们做了选择,就没有退路。虽然这首诗的作者考虑改天再探索另一条路,但是他也知道获得这种机会的可能性微乎其微。就像作者一样,我们能做的只有在回首往事时“轻声叹息”,幻想事情本可以成为什么样子。
[难句破解]
句⑥ 本句是主从复合句。句中Whether big or small作状语;what引导主语从句,并在从句中作have的宾语;that引导表语从句。
句⑦ 本句是主从复合句。Although 引导让步状语从句;主句中包含it's unlikely that ...句型,表示“……不大可能”,it 是形式主语,that 引导的主语从句是真正的主语。
句⑧ 本句是主从复合句。表语是由and连接的两个省略to的不定式短语。主语all后跟省略that的定语从句,从句中含有动词do,故表语中的不定式符号to可省略。宾语从句what could have been作imagine的宾语。
4 This sigh, this wondering whether we made the right choice, is understandable. Although we may be free to choose which path to take, this choice isn't easy when those two paths, look ⑨
similar. Presented with two job offers, for instance, we may wonder exactly what it is we're
⑩
choosing between. What if, in choosing one, we are unknowingly turning down other future opportunities? Will we ever even find out whether we made the right choice?
[课文对译]
这一声叹息,以及我们对是否做出了正确选择的顾虑都是可以理解的。虽然我们可以自由地选择走哪一条路,但是当两条路看起来大同小异时,其实很难做选择。比如当我们同时面对两个工作机会时,我们可能会思索到底我们是在什么当中选择。如果我们选择了一份工作而在不知不觉中放弃了其他未来的机会,那该怎么办?而我们又甚至能否发现自己是否做出了正确的选择呢?
[难句破解]
句⑨ 本句是主从复合句。Although引导让步状语从句;when引导时间状语从句。
句⑩ 过去分词短语作状语。
5 Ultimately, the road ahead — the road through our lives — is a mixture of choice and chance.And when we are approaching the end of that road, how will we remember the journey?How will we look back on our lives? In the poem, the writer doubts his choice, thinking that in the future “ages and ages hence”, he may claim that he took the “less traveled” road. Some of us
⑪
do take a more unusual path through life, and while it may be a harder one to follow, it, can also lead to new adventures and experiences. Nonetheless, part of the art of decisionmaking is
⑫
learning to make the most of our decisions.Instead of looking back with regret, we should be facing our future with energy and optimism, for the choices are ours, and ours only.
[课文对译]
最后,前方的路,也就是我们的人生之路,其实是由选择和机会交织而成的。当我们快走到尽头时,我们会如何铭记这段旅途?我们会如何回顾自己的一生?在这首诗中,作者质疑了自己的选择,在“多年之后”的未来,他可能会承认自己选择了一条“人迹较少”的路。生活中确实会有一些人选择不寻常的道路,虽然路途更加艰难,但也会带来新的奇遇和经历。尽管如此,就做决定的艺术而言,一部分就在于学会充分利用我们的决定。我们应该积极乐观地面对未来,而非带着遗憾回顾过去,因为选择在于我们自己,而且它们只属于我们自己。
[难句破解]
句⑪ 现在分词短语thinking ...作伴随状语,其中第一个that引导的宾语从句作thinking的宾语,第二个that引导的宾语从句作claim的宾语。
句⑫ 本句是and连接的并列句,第一分句中do强调谓语take,第二分句中包含一个while引导的让步状语从句。
三、词汇记忆无诀窍,适时“回首”记得牢
1.take action 采取行动
2.boyhood n. (男性的)童年时期,少年时代
3.ambition n. 追求,理想
拓展|ambitious adj. 有抱负的
4.trainee n. 接受工作培训的人;实习生
拓展
5.correspondent n. 通讯员,记者
拓展
6.historical adj. (有关)历史的
拓展
7.detective n. 私家侦探
拓展
8.ultimately adv. 最后,最终
拓展|ultimate adj. 最终的,最后的
9.dot n. 点,小圆点
10.backwards adv. 往回,往前面
11.admission n. 允许进入(加入)
拓展|admit v. 承认;接纳;容许
12.make up one's mind 做出决定,拿定主意
13.pass up 放过,放弃,错过(机会)
14.have second thoughts 犹豫,产生怀疑
15.put off 推迟……,使……延期
16.reject ...out of hand 坚决拒绝……;彻底否决……
17.weigh up 仔细考虑,权衡
18.participation n. 参加,参与
拓展
19.complex adj. 复杂的
20.numerous adj. 许多的,很多的
21.commercial n. 商业广告
22.symbolize v. 象征,代表
拓展
23.alternative n. 可供选择的事物
搭配
24.arise v. (由……)引起
搭配|arise from=arise out of 由……引起;因……产生
25.circumstance n. 情况,情形
26.mixture n. 混合;混合体
27.affection n. 喜爱,钟爱
拓展|affect v. 感动;侵袭;影响
28.qualified adj. 合格的,胜任的
拓展
29.fluency n. 熟练,流利
拓展
30.sincerely adv. 由衷地,真诚地,真心实意地
拓展
31.refreshments n. 茶点,点心和饮料
拓展
32.shift n. 当班时间
四、范文佳作多背诵,写作增分最实用
写作话题 职业规划
(一)单元写作任务范文背诵
最近你校组织了一场职业规划 (career planning) 讲座。请你就此活动,写一篇短文向校英文报投稿。内容包括:1.讲座内容; 2.个人感受。
注意:1.写作词数应为80左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
[推荐范文]
Our school recently hosted a career planning seminar that proved to be enlightening and inspiring.
The event featured esteemed professionals who shared their experiences and wisdom.They emphasized the importance of selfawareness, identifying strengths, and aligning them with career choices.The seminar highlighted the significance of continuous learning and adaptability in today's rapidly evolving job market.
Personally, I found the seminar thoughtprovoking, as it prompted me to reflect on my own goals and aspirations.It inspired me to explore various career paths and motivated me to pursue a fulfilling and successful future.
(二)单元主题优美语段背诵
语段 毕业——人生过渡的桥梁
Sometimes, graduation is like the corner of the ladder on our way to grow up.It makes us excited and also brings us melancholy.Generations of adolescents and adults are urged by the annual rings of years, so that they can be stamped with the “graduation seal” for passing the examination in different stages of our life on time.Perhaps, the socalled “graduation season” is not a destination, or even not a starting point.I would like to regard it as a bridge of life.Maybe we would learn to spread our hands and enjoy the scenery along the way before us.
有时,毕业就像是我们成长阶梯的拐角。它让我们欣喜,又给我们带来惆怅。一代又一代的青少年或是成人,被时间的年轮推着往前走,以按时戳上他们在人生不同阶段考核合格的“毕业印章”。也许,所谓“毕业季”,它并不是某个终点,甚至也算不上起点。我更想把它视作是某种人生过渡的桥梁。也许我们应该学会张开双手,好好去领略前方沿途的风景。
五、主题集群阅读,拓展主题认知
时尚悦读 为了活着而工作,还是为了工作而活着
If you were asked the question, “Do you work to live or live to work?”, what would your answer be? Some might say that we work because we have to, not least because we need the salary that enables us to be financially independent. It is certainly true that most of us do join the labour
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force once our studies are completed.Indeed, it could be argued that our education is geared towards preparing us for a life of work.However, earning a living is by no means the only reason why we work — there are other important reasons that motivate us to enter the world of work.
Through the work we do, our goals can be attained and our dreams achieved.All of us have had dreams of one kind or another and work often enables us to pursue those dreams.Henry David Thoreau said, “...if one advances confidently in the direction of his dreams, and endeavors to live the life which he has imagined, he will meet with a success unexpected in common hours.” Yang Liwei, for example, driven by his passion for flying, became a pilot and then China's first astronaut in space.Wherever our interests may lie and whatever our career choices might be, work allows us the opportunity to be engaged in something we are fond of, and consequently, it can give us a great sense of achievement and satisfaction.
Work can also help develop our skills, thus providing room for personal growth. When we work, we must practise our skills constantly and continuously until we excel in what we do.Our
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rapidly changing workplace makes it necessary for us to keep up and develop new skills.Twenty years ago, positions in social technologies or energy efficiency did not even exist, and it is difficult to anticipate the new positions which will emerge twenty years from now.However, it is certain that no one can afford to be satisfied with the status quo.In order to better adapt ourselves to new circumstances, we must be ready and willing to acquire new skills.This can add to our sense of achievement and our knowledge that we are developing as individuals while we move along our chosen career path.
Not only does work benefit us personally, it also contributes to the health of society.At the most basic level, different types of jobs are like gears in a machine.They work to ensure that the machine we call “society” functions properly.In a successful, stable and productive society, all jobs are equally important and no one is superior to another, so we should not have prejudice against any of them.Whether we are scientists, lawyers, doctors, public servants, consultants, clerks, receptionists or butchers, we all make our respective contributions.Moreover, there are people who choose to step out of their comfort zone and commit themselves to working for the benefit of others.For example, teachers in remote rural areas are devoted to changing the lives of the people with less access to the advantages enjoyed by many others.In this way, we work to advance our communities and bring success to our nation.
Wherever life takes us and whatever choices are laid out before us, something worth remembering is that our work, when done well, will not only help us make a living but also help make a life for ourselves and for others.We can take pride in the knowledge that hard work is
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essential for our individual wellbeing as well as for the benefit of our society as a whole.
[难句破解]
句① It为形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句,从句中使用了助动词do对从句谓语join进行强调。
句② When we work为when引导的时间状语从句;until ...为until引导的时间状语从句; what we do为what引导的宾语从句,作介词in的宾语。
句③ Wherever及whatever引导并列的让步状语从句,主句为something worth remembering is ...; that引导表语从句,从句中含有not only ...but also ...连接的并列谓语,以及when引导的时间状语从句的省略形式。
[助读译文]
如果有人问你这个问题:“你是为了活着而工作,还是为了工作而活着?”你会怎么回答呢?有人可能会说,我们工作是因为我们必须工作,尤其是因为我们需要薪水来让自己经济独立。当然,大多数人确实是学业一结束就进入职场了。的确可以说,我们的教育就是在为自己一生的职业生涯做准备。不过,谋生绝非我们工作的唯一原因——还有其他重要的原因在推动我们走向工作岗位。
通过我们所做的工作,我们可以达成目标,实现梦想。我们所有人都曾心怀这样或那样的梦想,而工作常常能让我们追寻那些梦想。亨利·戴维·梭罗说过:“……一个人若能自信地朝他梦想的方向行进,努力过他设想的那种生活,那么他就会在平常的时刻与成功不期而遇。”例如杨利伟,他怀着对飞翔的酷爱当上了飞行员,然后成为中国第一位飞向太空的宇航员。不论我们有什么爱好,选择了什么职业,工作都能让我们有机会从事自己喜欢的事情,因而让我们获得极大的成就感和满足感。
工作也能帮助我们提升技能,从而拓展我们的个人成长空间。在工作中,我们需要持续不断地磨炼技术,直至能出色地完成所做的工作。瞬息万变的职场也让我们必须与时俱进,发展新技能。二十年前,社交技术或能源效率方面的职位甚至还不存在,而且也难以预测二十年后将会出现哪些新职位。然而,可以肯定的是,没有人能够承担得起满足于现状的后果。为了让自己更好地适应新环境,我们必须随时准备并愿意去掌握新技能。这能够增强我们的成就感,并且让我们明白在沿着自己选定的职业道路前进时,我们作为个体正在发展着。
工作不仅在个人层面上对我们有益,还能促进社会的健康发展。从最基本的层面来看,各种各样的职业就像一台机器里的一个个零件。它们的运转保障着我们称之为“社会”的这部机器正常运行。在一个成功、稳定且有成效的社会中,所有工作都是同等重要的,没有高低之分,因此我们不应对任何工作抱有偏见。无论我们是科学家、律师、医生、公务员,还是顾问、公司职员、接待员或肉贩,大家都各有一份贡献。而且,有的人选择走出自己的舒适区,投身为他人谋福利的事业中。比如,偏远乡村地区的教师们致力于改变一些人的命运,这些人没有那么多条件享受许多其他人所能享受的福利。通过这种方式,我们的工作推动社会进步和民族振兴。
无论生活将我们带往何方,无论我们面前有着何种选择,值得铭记的是当我们的工作做得好时,它不仅会帮助我们谋生,还能帮助自己和他人创造生活。我们应该自豪地意识到,辛勤工作对个人和整个社会的福祉都至关重要。
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