Unit1 Time to Relax 第三课时(SectionA4a-4c)课后分层作业+知识清单（湖北专用）2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册

Unit1 Time to Relax 第三课时(SectionA4a-4c)知识清单 1、 重点词汇（必背 + 词性转换） 单词 音标 词性 中文释义 词性转换 / 拓展 knife /naɪf/ n. 刀 knives (pl. 复数) safety /ˈseɪfti/ n. 安全；安全处所 safe (adj. 安全的)；safely (adv. 安全地) clear /klɪə(r)/ adj. / v. 清晰的；清楚的 / 清理 clearly (adv. 清晰地) pain /peɪn/ n. 疼痛；痛苦 painful (adj. 疼痛的；令人痛苦的) brightness /ˈbraɪtnəs/ n. 亮度 bright (adj. 明亮的)；brighten (v. 使明亮) environment /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/ n. 环境 environmental (adj. 环境的) cross /krɒs/ v. 穿越；横过；交叉 across (prep. 穿过)；crossing (n. 十字路口) knife /naɪf/ n. 刀 knives (pl. 复数) safety /ˈseɪfti/ n. 安全；安全处所 safe (adj. 安全的)；safely (adv. 安全地) clear /klɪə(r)/ adj. / v. 清晰的；清楚的 / 清理 clearly (adv. 清晰地) pain /peɪn/ n. 疼痛；痛苦 painful (adj. 疼痛的；令人痛苦的) brightness /ˈbraɪtnəs/ n. 亮度 bright (adj. 明亮的)；brighten (v. 使明亮) environment /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/ n. 环境 environmental (adj. 环境的) cross /krɒs/ v. 穿越；横过；交叉 across (prep. 穿过)；crossing (n. 十字路口) 二、重点短语（必背） 1.hurt oneself 伤到自己 2.by oneself 独自；靠自己 3.enjoy oneself 玩得开心；过得愉快 4.take care of 照顾；照料 5.protect oneself 保护自己 6.what's more 更为重要的是 7.use sth. wisely 明智地使用某物 8.rest one's eyes 让眼睛休息 9.look at something far away 看远处的东西 10.change screen's brightness 调整屏幕亮度 11.match the environment 适配环境 12.before going to bed 上床睡觉前 13.cross the road 过马路 14.avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 15.instead of 而不是；代替 16.send messages 发信息 17.have a stomach ache 胃痛 18.see the dentist 看牙医 19.get an X-ray 拍 X 光片 20.eat soft food 吃软食 三、重点句型（必背 + 会用） 1. 反身代词核心句型 by + 反身代词：表示 “独自、靠自己” ◦ The girl cleaned the cut on her arm by herself. 女孩自己处理了胳膊上的伤口。 动词 + 反身代词：表示动作作用于主语自身 ◦ I hurt myself when I fell off my bike. 我从自行车上摔下来时伤到了自己。 ◦ Don't cut yourself. 别切到自己。 ◦ If we are not careful, we can easily hurt ourselves. 如果我们不小心，很容易伤到自己。 enjoy oneself：表示 “玩得开心” ◦ After taking the safety training, we can enjoy ourselves in the mountains. 完成安全培训后，我们就能在山里玩得开心了。 protect oneself：表示 “保护自己” ◦ The students are young, but they know how to protect themselves. 学生们年纪小，但知道如何保护自己。 2. 提建议句型（should /shouldn't /could） You should do sth. 你应该做某事（表建议、义务） ◦ You should see the dentist and get an X-ray. 你应该去看牙医，拍个 X 光片。 ◦ You should rest your eyes and look at something far away. 你应该让眼睛休息，看看远处的东西。 You shouldn't do sth. 你不应该做某事（表否定建议、禁止） ◦ You shouldn't eat so much next time. 下次你不应该吃这么多。 ◦ You shouldn't look at your phone just before you go to bed. 你不应该在睡前看手机。 ◦ You certainly shouldn't look at it when you cross the road! 你过马路时绝对不应该看手机！ You could do sth. 你可以做某事（表委婉建议、选择） ◦ You could eat some soft food for now. 你现在可以吃点软食。 ◦ You could listen to music instead of watching videos. 你可以听音乐，而不是看视频。 ◦ You could also talk to your friends instead of sending them messages. 你也可以和朋友聊天，而不是给他们发信息。 3. 日常情景句型 询问身体不适： ◦ What's wrong? 怎么了？ ◦ What's the matter? 怎么了？ ◦ How did you hurt yourself? 你是怎么伤到自己的？ 描述身体不适： ◦ I ate too much last night. Now my stomach aches. 我昨晚吃太多了，现在胃痛。 ◦ I have a really bad toothache. 我牙疼得厉害。 四、语法点睛（不定式功能） 1. 反身代词（Reflexive Pronouns） 核心用法：指代主语本身，在句中作宾语、同位语等，常见形式： 表格 人称 单数 复数 第一人称 myself ourselves 第二人称 yourself yourselves 第三人称 himself / herself / itself themselves 高频搭配： by oneself 独自 enjoy oneself 玩得开心 hurt oneself 伤到自己 teach oneself 自学 help oneself to... 随便吃 / 用... 2. 提建议的情态动词（Modal Verbs for Advice） 情态动词 用法 语气 例句 should 表示 “应该”，用于给出建议、义务 较强、直接 You should see the dentist. shouldn't 表示 “不应该”，用于否定建议、禁止 较强、直接 You shouldn't eat so much. could 表示 “可以”，用于委婉、可选的建议 委婉、温和 You could eat some soft food. 自我检测小练习 一、单词拼写与词性转换（每空 1 分，共 10 分） 1.Be careful with the __________ (knife), or you may cut yourself. 2.We should pay attention to road __________ (safe) when we go out. 3.The little boy can dress __________ (he) now. 4.Walking in the mountains can be __________ (pain) if you don't wear proper shoes. 5.You should keep your room __________ (clearly) and tidy. 6.We should protect the __________ (environment) around us. 7.The students enjoyed __________ (they) on the school trip. 8.You should drive __________ (safe) on the road. 二、用正确的反身代词填空（每空 1 分，共 6 分） 1.The girl cleaned the cut on her arm by __________. 2.Be careful when you're using the knife! Don't cut __________. 3.After taking the safety training, we can enjoy __________ in the mountains. 4.Mr Liu knows how to take care of his health because he used to be a doctor __________. 5.The students are young, but they know how to protect __________. 6.Her clearest memory is not of the race ____, but the terrible pain in her legs the next day. 三、用 should, shouldn't, could 填空（每空 1 分，共 8 分） Mobile phones are useful, but you __________ use them wisely. To protect your eyes, every 20 minutes, you __________ rest your eyes and look at something far away. What's more, you __________ change your screen's brightness to try and match your environment and make the words on the screen bigger. Of course, you __________ look at your phone just before you go to bed, and you certainly __________ look at it when you cross the road! In fact, you __________ avoid using your phone too often. You __________ listen to music instead of watching videos. You __________ also talk to your friends instead of sending them messages. 四、单项选择（每题 2 分，共 10 分） ( )1. You __________ eat too much junk food. It's bad for your health. A. should B. shouldn't C. could D. couldn't ( )2. — I have a bad toothache. — You __________ see the dentist right away. A. should B. shouldn't C. could D. can't ( )3. Be careful with the knife, or you may hurt __________. you B. your C. yourself D. yours ( )4. We should protect __________ when we do sports. us B. ourselves C. we D. our ( )5. You __________ try some soft food if your tooth hurts. A. should B. shouldn't C. could D. mustn't 五、完成句子（每空 1 分，共 10 分） 1.你不应该在睡前看手机。 You __________ __________ at your phone just before you go to bed. 2.过马路时你绝对不能看手机。 You certainly __________ __________ at it when you __________ the road! 3.我从自行车上摔下来时伤到了自己。 I __________ __________ when I fell off my bike. 4.孩子们在公园里玩得很开心。 The children __________ __________ in the park. 5.你应该让眼睛休息，看看远处的东西。 You __________ __________ your eyes and look at something far away. 答案 一、单词拼写与词性转换 1.knife / knives 2.safety 3.himself4.painful 5.clear 6.environment 7.themselves 8.safely 二、反身代词填空 1.herself 2.yourself 3.ourselves 4.himself 5.themselves 6.itself 三、情态动词填空 should; should; could; shouldn't; shouldn't; should; could; could 四、单项选择：1.B 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.C 五、完成句子：1.shouldn't look 2.shouldn't look; cross 3.hurt myself 4.enjoyed themselves 5.should rest 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第三课时　Section A(4a～4d) 基础知识累积 词汇夯基 一、请根据所给的首字母或汉语提示写出单词，使句子意思完整正确。 1. Our teacher often asks us to protect the e________ (环境). 2. Children may have difficulty in making their feelings c________ (清楚易懂的). 3. We should be careful when we ________ /krɔːs/ the road. 4. Just as the saying goes, “No________/peɪn/, no gain.”. 5. She used a sharp k________ to cut out the vegetables. 6.The sudden b________ of the sunlight made her close her eyes immediately. 答案：1.environment 2.clear 3.cross 4.pain 5.knife 6.brightness 二、根据语境，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空。 clear, pain, environment, bright, knife 1. The sunlight brings warmth and ________ to my room. 2. The ________ in my back stopped me from sleeping well. 3. All people should protect the ________ to make the air fresher. 4. She gave us a ________ direction and we were able to find the zoo easily. 5. Children mustn't play with dangerous objects like ________ or scissors. 答案：1. brightness 2. pain 3. environment 4. clear 5. knives 句型及短语聚焦 三、根据汉语意思完成句子。 1.她选择走路而不是坐公交车。 She chose to walk ________ ________ taking the bus. 2.如果你不抓紧，你可能会从自行车上摔下来。 If you don’t hold on tight, you might ________ ________ the bike. 3.她照顾年迈住院的父母。 She ________ ________ ________ her elderly parents who are in hospital. 4.更为重要的是，学英语时不要害怕犯错误。 ________ ________ ________, don’t be afraid of making mistakes when learning English. 5.学生们在安全培训中学到了有用的逃生技能。 Students learnt useful escape skills during the ________ ________. 6. 如果我们不小心，可能会伤到自己。 If we are not careful, we may ________ ________. 答案：1.instead of 2.fall off. 3.takes care of 4. What is more 5.safety training 6.hurt ourselves 应用素养提升 能力提升 四、阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确的形式填空（每词限用一次）。 should   could ourselves   strong   difficult way   do   little     change   them Do you want to stay healthy? There are many     1     to keep fit. Most people know that exercise is important, but they don’t always have time     2     it. For busy people, they     3     take a walk after dinner. It is simple and good for their health. If they have more time, they     4     try to do sports like swimming or running. These activities help them relax     5    . My friend Li Hua is a good example. He used to feel tired all the time. One day, he decided     6     his lifestyle. He started to run every morning. At first, he found it very     7    . But he didn’t give up. Now he runs five kilometers every day and he feels much     8     than before. Li Hua also pays attention to his diet. He eats more vegetables and     9     meat. He says, “We should take good care of     10    . Health is the most important thing.” 【答案】【小题 1】ways【小题 2】to do【小题 3】could【小题 4】should 【小题 5】themselves【小题 6】to change【小题 7】difficult【小题 8】stronger 【小题 9】less【小题 10】ourselves 拓展培优 五、阅读理解。 How much time do you spend looking at your smartphone or computer every day? These electronic devices (电子设备) help us in many ways, but they may also cause health problems. Too much screen time can cause your eyes to feel dry and sore and is not good for your eyesight. To help your eyes stay healthy, follow the “20-20-20” rule: After 20 minutes’ use of eyes, look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds. Your eyes aren’t the only parts of your body that could become worse from using electronic devices. People who write a lot of text messages can develop “texting thumb”, which will lead to the loss of grip strength (抓力). Scientific research shows that smartphones can also hurt your mind. One of the biggest problems is that using smartphones can affect your sleep patterns. Doctors say the screen light stops you from feeling sleepy. So they advise people not to use smartphones for at least one hour before trying to sleep. Another serious danger is Internet addiction (沉迷). Many people turn to the Internet to make light of feelings of stress, sadness, and loneliness. Over time, they might start to depend (依赖) on the Internet and feel worried if they’re not online. To stop yourself from falling into this kind of trouble, control the time you spend on electronic devices. To use your smartphone or computer safely, just make sure you follow the advice. Also, remember that there is more to life than looking at an electronic screen. 1. The first “20” of the “20-20-20” rule in the passage means ________. A．how long you use your eyes B．how often you take a break C．how far you look at things from you D．how many things you need to do at the break 2. According to the passage, we can know that ________. A．too much screen time won’t cause eye problems B．“texting thumbs” will make your eyes dry and sore C．it’s hard for people to sleep because of the screen light D．people will feel sad when they surf the Internet 3. The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 5 refers to (指代) ________. A．computer games or Internet B．people who have Internet addiction C．several serious mind problems D．feelings of stress, sadness and loneliness 4. According to the passage, how many kinds of problems do electronic devices bring us? A．2. B．3. C．4. D．5. 5. What’s the best title for the passage? A．The electronic devices B．The more important things in life C．The health problems D．The advice about using the electronic devices 【答案】1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.D 六、阅读还原。阅读短文，从所列选项中，选出最佳选项填入对应空白处，使短文通顺、连贯。（选项中有一项多余） Being successful is not easy.     1    For example, starting a day right is very important to them. Here are some good habits to start a day right. ◆Get up an hour early. Getting up early is a good way to start the day.     2     Benjamin Franklin probably agrees. He once said, “Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.” ◆    3     After brushing your teeth, drink a glass of water with lemon juice. Why? Health experts say that this drink can jump-start your body cells, and keep them moving during the day. ◆Don’t jump into social media after you wake up at once.     4     You want to check your social media apps. Well, don’t. Why? Because it may bring unhealthy feelings. You see some interesting videos and you begin to laugh happily. In the end, an hour has passed, and you’re angry because you may be late. ◆Exercise! The best way to start a great day is through exercise. Many people like to exercise in the morning. A great doctor is one of them. He said, “    5     The result is amazing. I believe I must keep exercising every morning.” A．You wake up in the morning. B．All of us want to keep healthy. C．You should keep phones on every day. D．Drink a glass of water with lemon juice. E．That’s because early morning is the best part of a day. F．I try to exercise in the early morning before working every day. G．However, a study shows that successful people have similar habits. 答案：1.G 2.E 3.D 4.A 5.F 思维创新 七、任务型阅读。 How to Deal with Common Health Problems Everyone may have small health problems like colds, headaches or stomachaches. Here are some simple tips to deal with them. If you have a cold: Drink plenty of warm water and have a good rest. You can also drink honey lemon tea—it helps with your sore throat. Don’t go out in cold weather. If you have a headache: Lie down and rest in a quiet room. Avoid looking at screens for a long time. You can put a cool towel on your head. If you have a stomachache: Don’t eat anything for a few hours. Drink some warm ginger tea. Avoid spicy or cold food. Remember, these tips are for small health problems. If you feel very bad or the problem lasts for a long time, you must go to see a doctor. 根据文章内容回答下列问题 1. How can we deal with a cold? (根据文章内容用完整句子回答) ______________________________________________________ (不超过 20 词) 2. 找出文中提到的两种缓解头痛的方式： Way1: ______________________________________________________ (不超过 10 词) Way2: ______________________________________________________ (不超过 10 词) 3. 根据文章内容完成表格 (填缓解胃痛的建议) Health problem Advice Stomachache Don’t eat anything for a few hours ___________________________(不超过15词) 4. 文中提到的缓解身体不适的共同建议是：__________________________ (不超过 5 词) 5. 设计一句英文标语，鼓励大家重视健康问题： “______________________________________________________!” (不超过 10 词) 【答案】 【小题 1】We can drink warm water and rest to deal with a cold.【小题 2】Way1: Lie down and rest.Way2: Put a cool towel on the head.【小题 3】Drink some warm ginger tea and avoid spicy or cold food.【小题 4】Have a good rest【小题 5】Take care of your health! 【导语】 本文主要介绍了应对感冒、头痛和胃痛等常见健康问题的一些简单小贴士，同时提醒读者若问题严重或持续时间长需就医。 【解析】 【小题 1】文章明确提到 “If you have a cold: Drink plenty of warm water and have a good rest.”，即应对感冒可以多喝温水并好好休息，按照要求用完整句子且不超过 20 词回答即可。 【小题 2】文中针对头痛提到 “Lie down and rest in a quiet room.” 和 “You can put a cool towel on your head.”，分别说明了可以躺下休息以及在头上放一条凉毛巾这两种缓解头痛的方式，按照要求不超过 10 词提取关键信息作答。 【小题 3】文章针对胃痛给出建议 “Don’t eat anything for a few hours. Drink some warm ginger tea. Avoid spicy or cold food.”，表格已给出 “Don’t eat anything for a few hours”，按照要求不超过 15 词，将另外两条建议 “Drink some warm ginger tea and avoid spicy or cold food.” 填入即可。 【小题 4】文中在分别介绍应对感冒、头痛和胃痛的方法时，都提到了休息相关内容，综合来看共同建议就是好好休息，即 “Have a good rest”，不超过 5 词。【小题 5】设计标语要简洁且能鼓励大家重视健康问题，“Take care of your health!”（照顾好你的健康！）符合要求且不超过 10 词。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第三课时　Section A(4a～4d) 基础知识累积 词汇夯基 一、请根据所给的首字母或汉语提示写出单词，使句子意思完整正确。 1. Our teacher often asks us to protect the e________ (环境). 2. Children may have difficulty in making their feelings c________ (清楚易懂的). 3. We should be careful when we ________ /krɔːs/ the road. 4. Just as the saying goes, “No________/peɪn/, no gain.”. 5. She used a sharp k________ to cut out the vegetables. 6.The sudden b________ of the sunlight made her close her eyes immediately. 二、根据语境，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空。 clear, pain, environment, bright, knife 1. The sunlight brings warmth and ________ to my room. 2. The ________ in my back stopped me from sleeping well. 3. All people should protect the ________ to make the air fresher. 4. She gave us a ________ direction and we were able to find the zoo easily. 5. Children mustn't play with dangerous objects like ________ or scissors. 句型及短语聚焦 三、根据汉语意思完成句子。 1.她选择走路而不是坐公交车。 She chose to walk ________ ________ taking the bus. 2.如果你不抓紧，你可能会从自行车上摔下来。 If you don’t hold on tight, you might ________ ________ the bike. 3.她照顾年迈住院的父母。 She ________ ________ ________ her elderly parents who are in hospital. 4.更为重要的是，学英语时不要害怕犯错误。 ________ ________ ________, don’t be afraid of making mistakes when learning English. 5.学生们在安全培训中学到了有用的逃生技能。 Students learnt useful escape skills during the ________ ________. 6. 如果我们不小心，可能会伤到自己。 If we are not careful, we may ________ ________. 应用素养提升 能力提升 四、阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确的形式填空（每词限用一次）。 should   could ourselves   strong   difficult way   do   little     change   them Do you want to stay healthy? There are many     1     to keep fit. Most people know that exercise is important, but they don’t always have time     2     it. For busy people, they     3     take a walk after dinner. It is simple and good for their health. If they have more time, they     4     try to do sports like swimming or running. These activities help them relax     5    . My friend Li Hua is a good example. He used to feel tired all the time. One day, he decided     6     his lifestyle. He started to run every morning. At first, he found it very     7    . But he didn’t give up. Now he runs five kilometers every day and he feels much     8     than before. Li Hua also pays attention to his diet. He eats more vegetables and     9     meat. He says, “We should take good care of     10    . Health is the most important thing.” 拓展培优 五、阅读理解。 How much time do you spend looking at your smartphone or computer every day? These electronic devices (电子设备) help us in many ways, but they may also cause health problems. Too much screen time can cause your eyes to feel dry and sore and is not good for your eyesight. To help your eyes stay healthy, follow the “20-20-20” rule: After 20 minutes’ use of eyes, look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds. Your eyes aren’t the only parts of your body that could become worse from using electronic devices. People who write a lot of text messages can develop “texting thumb”, which will lead to the loss of grip strength (抓力). Scientific research shows that smartphones can also hurt your mind. One of the biggest problems is that using smartphones can affect your sleep patterns. Doctors say the screen light stops you from feeling sleepy. So they advise people not to use smartphones for at least one hour before trying to sleep. Another serious danger is Internet addiction (沉迷). Many people turn to the Internet to make light of feelings of stress, sadness, and loneliness. Over time, they might start to depend (依赖) on the Internet and feel worried if they’re not online. To stop yourself from falling into this kind of trouble, control the time you spend on electronic devices. To use your smartphone or computer safely, just make sure you follow the advice. Also, remember that there is more to life than looking at an electronic screen. 1. The first “20” of the “20-20-20” rule in the passage means ________. A．how long you use your eyes B．how often you take a break C．how far you look at things from you D．how many things you need to do at the break 2. According to the passage, we can know that ________. A．too much screen time won’t cause eye problems B．“texting thumbs” will make your eyes dry and sore C．it’s hard for people to sleep because of the screen light D．people will feel sad when they surf the Internet 3. The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 5 refers to (指代) ________. A．computer games or Internet B．people who have Internet addiction C．several serious mind problems D．feelings of stress, sadness and loneliness 4. According to the passage, how many kinds of problems do electronic devices bring us? A．2. B．3. C．4. D．5. 5. What’s the best title for the passage? A．The electronic devices B．The more important things in life C．The health problems D．The advice about using the electronic devices 六、阅读还原。阅读短文，从所列选项中，选出最佳选项填入对应空白处，使短文通顺、连贯。（选项中有一项多余） Getting up early is a good way to start the day.     2     Benjamin Franklin probably agrees. He once said, “Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.” ◆    3     After brushing your teeth, drink a glass of water with lemon juice. Why? Health experts say that this drink can jump-start your body cells, and keep them moving during the day. ◆Don’t jump into social media after you wake up at once.     4     You want to check your social media apps. Well, don’t. Why? Because it may bring unhealthy feelings. You see some interesting videos and you begin to laugh happily. In the end, an hour has passed, and you’re angry because you may be late. ◆Exercise! The best way to start a great day is through exercise. Many people like to exercise in the morning. A great doctor is one of them. He said, “    5     The result is amazing. I believe I must keep exercising every morning.” A．You wake up in the morning. B．All of us want to keep healthy. C．You should keep phones on every day. D．Drink a glass of water with lemon juice. E．That’s because early morning is the best part of a day. F．I try to exercise in the early morning before working every day. G．However, a study shows that successful people have similar habits. 思维创新 七、任务型阅读。 How to Deal with Common Health Problems Everyone may have small health problems like colds, headaches or stomachaches. Here are some simple tips to deal with them. If you have a cold: Drink plenty of warm water and have a good rest. You can also drink honey lemon tea—it helps with your sore throat. Don’t go out in cold weather. If you have a headache: Lie down and rest in a quiet room. Avoid looking at screens for a long time. You can put a cool towel on your head. If you have a stomachache: Don’t eat anything for a few hours. Drink some warm ginger tea. Avoid spicy or cold food. Remember, these tips are for small health problems. If you feel very bad or the problem lasts for a long time, you must go to see a doctor. 根据文章内容回答下列问题 1. How can we deal with a cold? (根据文章内容用完整句子回答) ______________________________________________________ (不超过 20 词) 2. 找出文中提到的两种缓解头痛的方式： Way1: ______________________________________________________ (不超过 10 词) Way2: ______________________________________________________ (不超过 10 词) 3. 根据文章内容完成表格 (填缓解胃痛的建议) Health problem Advice Stomachache Don’t eat anything for a few hours ___________________________(不超过15词) 4. 文中提到的缓解身体不适的共同建议是：__________________________ (不超过 5 词) 5. 设计一句英文标语，鼓励大家重视健康问题： “______________________________________________________!” (不超过 10 词) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $