Unit 1 Time to relax Section A How do you spend your free time? Grammar Focus课件2025-2026学年人教版初中英语八年级下册

Unit 1 Time to relax Section A How do you spend your free time? Grammar Focus I play the flute to relax. I decided to give it a go. She told me not to give up so easily. to+ do (动词原形) 动词不定式 注：1、动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。 肯定式： not to+ do (动词原形) 否定式： 2、它可作除谓语外的任何成分，如：主语，宾语，宾补，表语，定语，状语等。 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式，基本形式是“to+动词原形”。其中to是动词不定式符号，在有些情况下可以省略。 不定式句法功能 1 作主语 To give is better than to take. To see is to believe. To learn English well is important for us . ①动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用 形式 单数 ②动词不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，构成"It is +adj. +for/of sb. +to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是...", 此时不定式是真正的主语。 It is important for us to learn English well . It is +adj. +for/of sb. +to do sth. for or of ? eg：It's foolish of her to do such a thing . It's kind of you to help me . for：描述不定式的行为特征 (如：important/easy/ interesting/difficult) of：描述人的品质特征(如：kind/nice/friendly/foolish) e.g. It is difficult for her to learn a new language. It is easy for Emma to learn to swim. practice 用of 或 for 填空 1. It's clever you to say so. 2.It's impossible him to finish it. 3.It's wrong you to tell a lie. 4.It's careless her to make so many mistakes in the exam 5.It's necessary you to learn a foreign language. of of for for of 不定式句法功能 2 作宾语 不定式作宾语位于及物动词之后 I decided to give it a go. I started to do calligraphy . Chen Jie likes to play the flute. 一些常见动词后接动词不定式作宾语： decide, learn, want/would like, hope/ expect/ wish manage,refuse, like/love/prefer, pretend offer, promise, choose, plan agree, ask, help 口诀： 决定学会想希望 设法拒绝爱假装 主动答应选计划 同意请求帮一帮 eg：我认为再和他谈一次是很有必要的。 I think it necessary to talk to him again. eg：我发现很难入睡。 I found it difficult to fall asleep. think/find it+adj.+to do觉得发现做...是怎样的。 这里的it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式。 practice 1.He plans (go) to Beijing for a holiday. 2.The boy hopes (pass) the English exam. 3.My parents decide (give) me more money. 4. I found it hard (give) up (smoke). 5.Don't forget (turn)off the light. to go to pass to give to give smoking to turn 3 作宾补 不定式句法功能 宾语补足语是紧跟在宾语之后，对宾语的身份、状态或动作进行补充说明的成分，使宾语的意义更加完整。可以是带to的不定式，也可以是不带to的不定式，这主要取决于谓语动词。 Can you help me (to) open the door? She told me not to give up so easily. I saw her get on the bus. ①接带to的动词不定式作宾补的动词(短语)有：tell, ask, order, allow, advise, encourage,want, wish, expect, invite等。 ②接省略to的动词不定式作宾补的动词有感官动词 (feel, hear, listen to, see, notice, watch, look at等)和使役动词(make, let, have等)。 一感二听三让四看半帮助 ③动词help后可以接带to的动词不定式作宾补，也可以接不带to的动词不定式作宾补。 Practice 1. Let him (finish) the work at once. 2.We often saw Lily (draw) in her room. 3.Please tell her (come) here on time. 4.I don't want you (help) me. 5.I wish you (have) a good time. 6. My best friend teaches me (swim). finish draw to come to help to have to swim 不定式句法功能 4 作表语 His job is to look after the patients. My dream is to be a singer. His work is to clean the room. 不定式句法功能 5 作定语 Please give me something to drink. I have two books to read. ① 不定式作定语，应放在被修饰词之后。 ② something, anything, nothing, everything 等复合不定代词常用不定式作后置定语。 Do you have anything to buy? I have nothing to worry about. Practice 翻译 1. 我有很多要做的作业。 2. He is always the first person to get to school. 3. 该睡觉了。 4. She is looking for something to eat. 5. This is the only way to deal with the problem. 6. I have no courage to try again after failure. I have a lot of homework to do. 他总是第一个到达学校的人。 It's time to go to bed. 她正在找一些吃的。 这是唯一处理这个问题的方法。 失败之后我没有再试一次的勇气。 不定式句法功能 6 作状语 I came here to see you. I am very glad to hear the news. This box is too heavy to move. 表目的 表原因 表结果 Practice 翻译 Jim works hard to pass the exam. To catch the train, he got up early. I'm sorry to hear that you lost the game. 我很开心昨天见到了她。 他太小了而不能站立。 表目的 表原因 表结果 He is too young to stand. Jim 努力学习是为了通过考试。 为了赶上火车，他早早地起床了。 听说你们输了比赛，我很抱歉。 I was happy to say her yesterday. 不定式作结果状语常有以下句型： 1.too+adj./adv.+to do sth. 太...而不能... eg：他太小了以至于还不能上学。 He is too young to go to school. 2.(not)+adj./adv.+enough+to dosth. (不)足以... eg：这个问题简单到足以做出来。 This problem is easy enough to work out . He is not old enough to go to school. 他太小了以至于还不能上学。 扩：疑问词+不定式 eg：问题是什么时候出发。 eg：我不知道如何使用电脑。 eg：他会告诉你在哪里可以得到这本书。 eg：做什么是一个重要的问题。 The question is when to start. 作表语 I don't know how to use the computer. 作宾语 He can tell you where to get the book. 作宾补 What to do is an important problem. 作主语 不定式可以和疑问代词who, what, which 及疑问副词 when, where, how 连用构成不定式短语，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等成分。 What do you do in your free time? I play the flute to relax. How did you spend your weekend? I went to the sports centre to ice skate. How did you get into painting? I saw my mother paint. I decided to give it a go. What did your instructor say? She told me not to give up so easily. Read the sentences. Decide if each infinitive in bold functions as an object complement or adverbial. 目的状语 目的状语 宾补 宾语 宾补 4b Complete the conversations with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. 1. A: Thanks for your advice! It made me (decide) to try skiing. B: You're welcome. Try (forget) your fears and have fun! 2. A: My cousin often asks me (fly) kites with her when it's windy. B: That sounds fun! I'd love to watch you (fly) kites sometime. 3. A: I love to watch kung fu movies (relax). B: Really? When I want (relax), I watch animal videos. 4. A: My parents told me (not push) myself too hard. B: Yes, it's important (not forget) to relax once in a while. decide to forget to fly fly to relax to relax not to push not to forget 4c Complete the passage with the infinitive forms of the verbs in the box. What do you usually do outdoors? My twin brother and I look alike, but we are so different. I love sport, and I often meet my friends football and tennis. My brother joined us to play football once or twice, but he decided after that. He doesn't like sport very much! Instead, he likes at home and movies , to music, and with friends online. Our parents were worried about him staying home too much. They also wanted us more time together as a family. So, now they let us our favourite activities on Saturdays, but on Sundays, we go on a family outing together! chat (not) come do listen play spend stay watch to play (not) to come to stay watch listen chat to spend do Summary to+ do not to+ do 注：1、动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。 2、它可作除谓语外的任何成分，如：主语，宾语，宾补，表语，定语，状语等。 Thank you ! $