精品解析：2026年湖南常德市高三年级模拟考试英语试题

2026年常德市高三年级模拟考试 英语 注意事项： 1．答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号写在答题卡和本试题卷的封面上，并认真核对答题卡条形码上的姓名、准考证号和科目。 2．所有试题均须在答题卡上作答，在试题卷和草稿纸上作答无效。考生在答题卡上按答题卡中注意事项的要求答题。 3．本试题卷共12页。如缺页，考生须及时报告监考老师，否则后果自负。 4．考试结束后，将本试题卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。 1．What does the man probably want to get? A．Some bread. B．A book. C．A coffee. 2．What did the woman do yesterday evening? A．She did her homework. B．She put on a show. C．She watched TV. 3．When will the speakers go to the museum? A．On Friday. B．On Saturday. C．On Sunday. 4．What does the woman think of the measures? A．Quite necessary. B．Too strict. C．Impractical. 5．What are the speakers mainly talking about? A．A light. B．A shop. C．A robot. 第二节 (共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6．Where does this conversation take place? A．At a gym. B．At home. C．At a clinic. 7．What does the woman advise the man to do? A．Quit his job. B．Move around more. C．Eat more. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8．What has caused the traffic jam? A．A musical event. B．Roadworks. C．An accident. 9．Where are the speakers probably heading now? A．To a stadium. B．To a restaurant. C．To a cinema. 10．How does the man sound? A．Calm. B．Surprised. C．Anxious. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11．Where did Ryan learn about the “Artificial Sun”? A．From his father. B．From the news. C．From a story. 12．How will the speakers learn more about the device? A．By reading Mr. Cook’s articles. B．By taking a science class. C．By watching videos online 13．What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A．Family members. B．Classmates. C．Teacher and student. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 14．What is the woman doing? A．Having a debate. B．Asking for advice. C．Conducting an interview. 15．What inspired Daniel to start playing chess? A．A book he read. B．A documentary he watched. C．A game he played as a child. 16．What can Daniel do through his work? A．Enjoy freedom. B．Work with others. C．Travel frequently. 17．What does Daniel think of his work? A．He has mixed feelings. B．He finds it challenging. C．He thinks it is boring. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18．What is the purpose of the meeting? A．Planning a vacation to Bangkok. B．Organizing cultural events abroad. C．Preparing for environmental projects. 19．What can we learn about the group? A．Their hometown is Thailand. B．They will work in different places. C．Their projects will take a month. 20．When will the volunteers leave Thailand? A．On March 20th. B．On March 28th. C．On April 28th. 第二部分 阅读 (共两节，满分50分) 第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A A great workshop can create innovation, connection and transformation for both companies and individuals. If you’re interested, you’re in the right place! What a workshop is A workshop is a structured and interactive session designed to engage participants and foster their active involvement in the process. They are not training sessions where one person teaches everyone else. Nor are they meetings where people give one another updates but rarely cooperate on a task with a structured approach. Workshop examples Workshops come in all shapes and sizes but you might be wondering what they look like in practice and how they are put together.  Ideation Decision Making Retrospective When to Use You have a complex problem without an obvious solution. Your team needs to make an important decision together. You finish a week-long event or a longer project. How It Works Team generates many ideas around a topic, then analyses and selects the best ones by sharing them with each other. Team explores many options discusses thoughts, and decides on a final decision. Team reflects together, discusses what went well and what could be improved, and then chooses actions for future skill development. Key Outcomes Carrying out innovative ideas quickly . A team consensus (共识) including all voices. Team growth and better preparation for next projects. Workshop best practices  Plan carefully and create a specific agenda to meet the goals of the session, coming up with innovative solutions, building team culture or developing skills.  Bring a facilitator, who will not only design an effective agenda, but help guide the group through the process and release collective intelligence.  Get the right people in the room. Workshops tend to work best with small groups of people (8-15) who are invested in the topic of the session and have insights that can help with the cooperative work.  Design for interactivity. Selecting input from the group and using directly interactive games is a hallmark of an effective workshop. 1. What are participants expected to do in a workshop? A. Listen carefully and take notes. B. Report their individual work to others. C. Evaluate the effectiveness of the session. D. Get involved in cooperative tasks actively. 2. If you have just finished a project and want to learn from the experience, which one will you choose? A. Ideation. B. Decision Making. C. Retrospective. D. Training session. 3. Which of the following is considered a workshop best practice? A. Planning a flexible agenda. B. Playing games independently. C. Inviting more facilitators. D. Limiting participants to a small group. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍研讨会的定义、三种常见类型及其适用场景、流程，以及举办研讨会的最佳实践要点。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据What a workshop is部分中的“A workshop is a structured and interactive session designed to engage participants and foster their active involvement in the process.(研讨会是一种有组织、互动性的会议，旨在吸引参与者并促进他们积极参与过程。)”可知，参与者需要积极参与合作任务。故选D项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Workshop examples表格中Retrospective一栏的“When to Use”部分“You finish a week-long event or a longer project.(当你结束了为期一周的活动或更长的项目时。)”以及Key Outcomes部分“Team growth and better preparation for next projects.(团队成长并为下一个项目做好更充分的准备。)”可知，完成项目后想要总结经验应选择Retrospective。故选C项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据Workshop best practices部分中的“Workshops tend to work best with small groups of people (8-15) who are invested in the topic of the session and have insights that can help with the cooperative work.(研讨会在人数较少的小组（8-15人）中效果最好，这些人关注会议主题并有有助于合作工作的见解。)”可知，将参与者限制在小组范围内是最佳实践之一。故选D项。 B Heidy Martinez never dreamt of studying sharks. That changed during a study abroad trip in South Africa in college. She went cage diving with classmates — viewing sharks underwater while inside a protective cage. Martinez was mostly there for the excitement. The boat ride was proving to be uncomfortable. Martinez’s wetsuit didn’t fit. Everyone was feeling seasick. When she entered the ocean, a woman beside her said she felt ill. “All of a sudden, she brings up,” Martinez recalls. “Then a wave comes, so all she pukes (呕吐) just lands on me.” At that moment, a white shark approached the cage. To see the shark, Martinez immediately dived, puke and all. But the sight was worth it. Movies usually show these sharks as bloody hunters. But this white shark looked entirely different. “I was shocked at how beautiful the shark was,” she says. “That was a critical moment in my career.” Today, Martinez is a freelance shark researcher. When she decided to switch careers in her mid-20s, she felt scared. Her family had left Colombia when she was 6 so she could have a better future. She worried her parents would think everything she’d done was a waste. But her dad actually got teary-eyed when she told them. He explained that he had wanted to study marine biology, too. “It felt like this full-circle moment,” she says. “My dad left everything behind so I could do what I love.” Martinez’s degrees are in anthropology and psychology, not marine biology. But these backgrounds have shaped her as a scientist. Anthropology allows her to consider cultural differences. Psychology helps her understand how people receive information. For example, clam (蛤蜊) divers in the Gulf of Mexico have lost their lives to shark encounters. Their reaction is to hate sharks. Many scientists try to lecture the fishermen about how sharks don’t regularly attack divers. But studying psychology taught Martinez that if you want people to listen to you, you have to listen to them first. 4. What happened to Martinez during her study trip in South Africa ? A. Someone threw up on her. B. She was attacked by a shark. C. She felt too sick to enjoy the trip. D. Her wetsuit was torn by a wave. 5. What can we infer from Martinez’s father’s reaction ? A. He regretted not leaving Colombia. B. He was worried about her wasting time. C. He was deeply touched by her decision. D. He felt sorry for his own unrealized dream. 6. Why does the author mention clam divers in Paragraph 5? A. To stress the importance of degrees. B. To explain why fishermen fear sharks. C. To prove that sharks regularly attack divers. D. To show the effect of interdisciplinary knowledge. 7. What can be concluded from Martinez’s experience? A. Listening is a scientific research method. B. Efforts should be made to protect sharks. C. Finding what interests us drives career path. D. Success is closely related to family support. 【答案】4. A 5. C 6. D 7. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。马丁内斯的学位是人类学和心理学，但是在一次南非游学经历中她对海洋生物学产生了深深的兴趣，这引导了她的职业道路，她的跨学科背景也非常有利于她的学术研究。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句““All of a sudden, she brings up,” Martinez recalls. “ Then a wave comes, so all she pukes (呕吐) just lands on me.”(“突然之间，她就吐了。”马丁内斯回忆道。“这时涌来一阵海浪，把她吐出的东西全都拍到了我身上。”)”可知，马丁内斯在南非游学的时候，有人吐在了她身上。故选A。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段最后四句“But her dad actually got teary-eyed when she told them. He explained that he had wanted to study marine biology, too. “It felt like this full-circle moment,” she says. “My dad left everything behind so I could do what I love.”(但当她把这件事告诉父亲时，父亲竟落泪了。他解释说，自己也曾想学习海洋生物学。“那一刻感觉真是圆满了，”她说，“父亲放弃了一切，只为让我能做自己热爱的事情。”)”可知，马丁内斯的父亲的反应表明他被她的这一决定深深打动了。故选C。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段前四句“Martinez’s degrees are in anthropology and psychology, not marine biology. But these backgrounds have shaped her as a scientist. Anthropology allows her to consider cultural differences. Psychology helps her understand how people receive information.(马丁内斯的学位是人类学和心理学，而非海洋生物学。但这些背景经历塑造了她作为科学家的特质。人类学使她能够考虑文化差异。心理学则帮助她理解人们获取信息的方式。)”可知，作者在第五段中提到捕蛤者这一群体是为了表明跨学科知识的成效。故选D。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Heidy Martinez never dreamt of studying sharks. That changed during a study abroad trip in South Africa in college. She went cage diving with classmates — viewing sharks underwater while inside a protective cage. Martinez was mostly there for the excitement.(海蒂·马丁内斯从未想过要研究鲨鱼。但在大学期间的一次南非留学之旅中，这一切都发生了改变。她和同学们一起进行了潜水活动——在有防护罩的笼子里观察水下的鲨鱼。马丁内斯去那里主要是为了寻求刺激。)”和最后一段最后两句“Many scientists try to lecture the fishermen about how sharks don’t regularly attack divers. But studying psychology taught Martinez that if you want people to listen to you, you have to listen to them first.(许多科学家试图向渔民们宣讲鲨鱼并不会经常袭击潜水者这一事实。但通过心理学的学习，马丁内斯明白，要想让别人听你说话，你首先得先倾听他们的想法。)”可知，马丁内斯因为一次经历对海洋生物学产生了深深的兴趣，她的跨学科知识也让她的职业道路非常顺利，这说明找到我们感兴趣的事物会引导我们的职业道路。故选C。 C Fungi (真菌) and bacteria could one day be part of a living building material that is able to grow and repair itself. One of the great challenges facing the world as we attempt to reduce waste and greenhouse gas emissions is finding more sustainable building materials. The manufacture of concrete alone accounts for more than 5 percent of total human-caused greenhouse gas emissions. Some researchers hope to develop engineered living materials from cells that have desirable qualities such as being able to self-organize, repair and photosynthesise. Many strong, mineralised structures exist in living organisms — such as bone and coral. Driven by this, Chelsea Heveran at Montana State University and her colleagues tested whether a similar mineralised structure could be created around a scaffold (支架) of fungal mycelium, which is a network of microscopic, branching substances like thin threads that make up part of most fungi. Heveran and her team grew a mycelium scaffold using a species of fungus, then applied the bacterium Sporosarcina pasteurii to the scaffold. As the fungus and bacteria transformed urea (尿素) in their growth medium, they formed a hardened structure composed of calcium carbonate, the same compound found in eggshells and seashells. Heveran says bone is incredibly strong and tough given how lightweight it is. Other living materials created in the lab have only stayed alive for a few days, but the structure developed by Heveran and her colleagues for at least a month. “We are excited about our results and look forward to engineering more complex and larger structures,” says Heveran. “When the rate of survival is sufficiently high, we could start really applying lasting biological characteristics to the material that we care about, such as self-healing, sensing or environmental repair.” “Proposing mycelium as a scaffolding medium for living materials is a simple but powerful strategy,” says Aysu Kuru at the University of Sydney. 8. What inspired Heveran and her team to carry out the test? A. The waste caused by concrete manufacture. B. The need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. C. The growth of bacteria in building materials. D. The existence of mineralised structures in living things. 9 Which aspect of the test does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. Its significance. B. Its process. C. Its condition. D. Its purpose. 10. What advantage does the material developed by Heveran’s team have? A. It is much lighter in weight. B. It can repair itself within days. C. It remains alive for a longer time. D. It requires less substances to form. 11. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. A Living Building Material from Fungi B. How Living Materials Reduce Waste C. Bone, Coral, and the Future of Fungi D. A Self-Repairing Test for Bacteria 【答案】8. D 9. B 10. C 11. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员利用真菌和细菌研发出一种可自我生长、自我修复的新型活体建筑材料的相关研究过程、优势及应用前景。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Many strong, mineralised structures exist in living organisms — such as bone and coral. Driven by this, Chelsea Heveran at Montana State University and her colleagues tested whether a similar mineralised structure could be created around a scaffold of fungal mycelium, which is a network of microscopic, branching substances like thin threads that make up part of most fungi.(生物体内存在许多坚固的矿化结构，如骨骼和珊瑚，受此启发，蒙大拿州立大学的Chelsea Heveran及其同事开展了相关测试，探究是否可以在真菌菌丝体支架周围构建出类似的矿化结构，真菌菌丝体是一种由微观分支物质构成的网络，这些物质如同细线，是大多数真菌的组成部分。)”可知，是生物体内矿化结构的存在启发了Heveran团队开展这项实验。故选D。 【9题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段“Heveran and her team grew a mycelium scaffold using a species of fungus, then applied the bacterium Sporosarcina pasteurii to the scaffold. As the fungus and bacteria transformed urea in their growth medium, they formed a hardened structure composed of calcium carbonate, the same compound found in eggshells and seashells.(Heveran和她的团队用一种真菌培育出菌丝体支架，然后将Sporosarcina pasteurii细菌施加到支架上。随着真菌和细菌转化生长培养基中的尿素，它们形成了由碳酸钙构成的硬化结构，这种化合物同样存在于蛋壳和贝壳中。)”可知，本段主要介绍了实验的操作过程。故选B。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“Other living materials created in the lab have only stayed alive for a few days, but the structure developed by Heveran and her colleagues for at least a month.(实验室中制造的其他活体材料仅能存活数天，但Heveran和她的同事研发的结构至少能存活一个月。)”可知，该材料的优势是存活时间更长。故选C。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Fungi and bacteria could one day be part of a living building material that is able to grow and repair itself.(真菌和细菌未来有一天可能成为一种能够生长和自我修复的活体建筑材料的组成部分。)”以及全文围绕利用真菌研发新型活体建筑材料的研究展开可知，核心主题为“由真菌制成的活体建筑材料”，A选项“A Living Building Material from Fungi(真菌基活体建筑材料)”最能概括文章主旨，适合作标题。故选A。 D In 1779, Englishman Charles Blair built the first primitive shelter for hikers to view France’s Mer de Glace glacier(冰川). As alpine(阿尔卑斯山的) clubs sprung up in Europe and climbers claimed first victories of major peaks in the Alps in the 1850s and 1860s, the Golden Age of Alpinism gave rise to a network of huts to support a new type of adventure tourism. Some 3,000 hiking huts, around 1,300 of which are staffed by Europe’s alpine clubs to provide food and safety above the treeline, are still standing in the Alps — for now. The Mer de Glace is reducing at a rate of 15 feet per year. By 2100, 90 percent of the glacier will be gone, while glaciers worldwide are expected to lose another 366 billion tons in the next decade. Therefore, the ground under the huts and the trails that support them is becoming more unstable. And in the face of aging structures, the foundations of huts are crumbling. Melting permafrost (永久冻土) causes steeper, faster rockfalls across the Alps. In Italy’s Dolomites, search-and-rescue operations rose 20% last summer due to unstable ground. “The mountains have always been dangerous,” says glaciologist Daniel Farinotti, “but melting is speeding up strikingly in recent years.” Advanced monitoring systems provide some warning, but hikers face more trail closures and must remain alarmed. Maintenance costs are rocketing. The Swiss Alpine Club (SAC) spends $8.8 million annually on repairs, but admits “the funds will not be enough.” The local government struggles with limited budgets. The Austrian Alpine Association sought $100 million in government aid in 2024 — they received only $3 million. So the SAC is calling for urgent action and a new financial model for hut construction. “Climate change is forcing us to rethink our concepts,” the SAC Huts 2050 report reads. “Our huts need to be adapted so that they remain safe and attractive in the future. This is not just about structural safety, but also about continuing to make mountain sports possible under changing conditions.” 12. Why were huts massively built in the Alps? A. To accommodate local staff. B. To mark the first major peaks. C. To satisfy adventurers’ needs. D. To serve as shelters for alpine clubs. 13. What does the underlined word “crumbling” mean in paragraph 2? A. Drying. B. Breaking. C. Freezing. D. Stabilizing. 14. What does the author try to illustrate by listing data in paragraph 4? A. The trouble in maintaining huts. B. The struggle for government aid. C. The urgency of building new huts. D. The necessity of financial budgets. 15 What does the SAC Huts 2050 report suggest? A. A careful plan to make huts attractive. B. Possible direction for hut adaptation. C. A practical solution to ensure hut safety. D. Constant reflection on climate change. 【答案】12. C 13. B 14. A 15. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了气候变化引发冰川消融、地基不稳等问题，导致阿尔卑斯山区登山小屋面临安全隐患、维护成本飙升与资金短缺的困境，相关机构呼吁改造小屋并建立新资金模式以应对危机。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。 根据第一段中“As alpine clubs sprung up in Europe and climbers claimed first victories of major peaks in the Alps in the 1850s and 1860s, the Golden Age of Alpinism gave rise to a network of huts to support a new type of adventure tourism.(19 世纪五六十年代，欧洲阿尔卑斯山俱乐部兴起，登山者首次登顶阿尔卑斯山脉各大高峰，阿尔卑斯攀登黄金时代催生了一批小屋，为新型探险旅游提供支持)”可知，大规模修建小屋是为了满足探险者的需求。故选C。 【13题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Therefore, the ground under the huts and the trails that support them is becoming more unstable. And in the face of aging structures, the foundations of huts are crumbling.(因此，小屋下方的地面以及支撑小屋的步道正变得愈发不稳定。加之建筑老化，小屋地基正在crumbling)”可知，冰川融化让小屋地基所在的地面变得不稳定，加上建筑本身老化，小屋的地基正在“碎裂、坍塌”，划线词crumbling意为“崩塌、破损”，与Breaking意思一致。故选B。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Maintenance costs are rocketing. The Swiss Alpine Club (SAC) spends $8.8 million annually on repairs, but admits “the funds will not be enough”. The local government struggles with limited budgets. The Austrian Alpine Association sought $100 million in government aid in 2024 — they received only $3 million.(维护成本正在飙升。瑞士阿尔卑斯山俱乐部每年花费880万美元修缮小屋，却坦言资金不足；地方政府预算紧张；奥地利登山协会2024年申请1亿美元政府援助，仅获批300万美元)” 可知，第四段中首句点明主旨：维护小屋成本飞涨，随后列举了瑞士阿尔卑斯俱乐部每年维修费用高达880万美元且资金不足、奥地利阿尔卑斯协会申请1亿美元政府援助仅获300万美元等数据，旨在说明小屋维护面临资金短缺、困难重重的现状。故选A。 【15题详解】 细节理解题。 根据最后一段中““Climate change is forcing us to rethink our concepts,” the SAC Huts 2050 report reads.Our huts need to be adapted so that they remain safe and attractive in the future. This is not just about structural safety, but also about continuing to make mountain sports possible under changing conditions.(‘气候变化迫使我们重新思考我们的观念，’SAC Huts 2050报告写道：‘我们的小屋需要进行改造，以便在未来保持安全和吸引力。这不仅关系到建筑结构安全，还关系到在不断变化的条件下继续使山地运动成为可能。’)”可知，气候变化迫使人们重新思考小屋的运营，小屋需要调整适配新环境，才能保证未来安全可用，这份报告给出了小屋改造调整的发展方向。故选B。 第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 We’ve engineered our lives to be frictionless or effortless, from one-tap grocery delivery to AI assistants that draft our emails. ___16___ Actually, struggles, frustrations and things like these in our life can be good things. They’re building something important. Here’s why we need friction in our life. Struggle builds resilience (韧性). No amount of AI or convenience can eliminate failure, heartbreak or disappointment from life. What protects us in life isn’t avoiding pain or failure, but knowing, from experience, that we can survive it. Resilience isn’t something you download or automate. ___17___ Skip those experiences, and you never develop the resilience for the really hard stuff. Inconvenience strengthens memory. ___18___ We tend to forget facts more easily when they are not stored along with an emotional memory. This explains why you recall every detail of that epic road trip where everything went wrong, but barely remember last year’s perfectly organized vacation. ___19___ It is essential for connection. Some friction in a relationship — like a disagreement we need to negotiate — is what develops the connection. And remember being bored as a kid? Actually, boredom is the nursery of originality. If we constantly fill each momentary gap with scrolling (滚屏), we never allow our minds to enter the quiet time where new ideas occur. So, choose to stay engaged with our own life, even when there’s an easier way out. Let’s take this message to heart: ___20___ A. Friction is where the living happens. B. AI doesn’t just assist us to save time. C. Problem-solving trains your reasoning ability. D. Pain deepens relationships and stimulates creativity. E. It’s something the brain earns through lived experiences. F. Without emotional processing, we can’t remember things well. G. But experts say all that convenience might be making us worse off. 【答案】16. G 17. E 18. F 19. D 20. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要阐述生活中存在的“摩擦”（如困境、不便）并非坏事，它们能帮助我们培养韧性、强化记忆、增进关系并激发创造力。 【16题详解】 根据前文“We’ve engineered our lives to be frictionless or effortless, from one-tap grocery delivery to AI assistants that draft our emails.(我们将生活设计得毫无摩擦或毫不费力，从一键送达杂货到起草邮件的AI助手。)”以及后文“Actually, struggles, frustrations and things like these in our life can be good things.(事实上，生活中的挣扎、挫折等这些事情可能是好事。)”可知，前文描述了生活的便利，此空应转折指出这种便利可能带来的负面影响，G选项“But experts say all that convenience might be making us worse off.(但专家表示，所有这些便利可能正让我们变得更糟。)”承上启下，符合语境。故选G项。 【17题详解】 根据前文“Resilience isn’t something you download or automate.(韧性不是你能下载或自动化的东西。)”可知，前文强调韧性的非程序化，此空应进一步说明韧性的来源，E选项“It’s something the brain earns through lived experiences.(它是大脑通过生活经历获得的东西。)”承接前文，解释韧性的本质，符合语境。故选E项。 【18题详解】 根据前文“Inconvenience strengthens memory.(不便能强化记忆。)”以及后文“We tend to forget facts more easily when they are not stored along with an emotional memory.(当事实没有与情感记忆一起存储时，我们更容易忘记它们。)”可知，此空应解释不便与记忆强化之间的关系，F选项“Without emotional processing, we can’t remember things well.(没有情感的参与，我们就记不住事情。)”衔接前后文，说明情感对记忆的作用，符合语境。故选F项。 【19题详解】 分析语篇可知，此处应为本段的小标题，与其他段落结构一致，根据空后“It is essential for connection. Some friction in a relationship — like a disagreement we need to negotiate — is what develops the connection. And remember being bored as a kid? Actually, boredom is the nursery of originality.(它对于联结至关重要。关系中的一些摩擦——比如我们需要协商的分歧——是培养联结的关键。还记得小时候的无聊吗？事实上，无聊是创造力的温床。)”可知，本段讲述摩擦（不便）对关系和创造力的作用，D选项“Pain deepens relationships and stimulates creativity.(痛苦能加深关系并激发创造力。)”为祈使句，能概括本段主题，适合作小标题。故选D项。 【20题详解】 根据前文“So, choose to stay engaged with our own life, even when there’s an easier way out. Let’s take this message to heart:(所以，即使有更简单的出路，也要选择全身心投入自己的生活。让我们把这个信息记在心里：)”可知，此空应是总结性的观点句，点明生活中摩擦的价值，A选项“Friction is where the living happens.(摩擦是生活发生的地方。)”总结全文，升华主题，符合语境。故选A项。 第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分30分) 第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Michelle was a master at making friends. I met her at a summer programme, where she warmly invited me to her home for lunch. I barely knew her, but her ____21____ won me over. At her home, we chatted merrily and ____22____ immediately. I got to know her husband was in the Navy, and his job brought many ____23____. So moving was her way of life, but she ____24____ the challenge. The next day, she ____25____ we head out for groceries together with her other friends. I agreed. That evening was ____26____. It was fun to meet someone new and different. The more I knew Michelle, the more new people I met. Then one day Michelle told me she was ____27____. I went to her home and found it ____28____ with cardboard boxes. I helped her pack, feeling as if I were packing my own heart. On the moving day, I watched her truck disappear, ____29____ washing over me. Days later, while outside with my boys I saw a young mother with two boys walking by. Thinking of Michelle’s warmth, I called my sons to ____30____ them. My sons raced forward, filled with the ____31____ of new friends. I moved forward, too, ____32____ that desire in my own heart. That young mother became a close friend. Now I even begin to ____33____, striking up conversations with people of all kinds. I still miss Michelle. Although away, she has left me the best parting ____34____ — the ability to see the beauty in ____35____ people. 21. A. patience B. wisdom C. courage D. sincerity 22. A. clicked B. argued C. parted D. acted 23. A. adventures B. troubles C. methods D. transfers 24. A. feared B. tackled C. rejected D. launched 25. A. decided B. ordered C. suggested D. required 26. A. ordinary B. boring C. delightful D. peaceful 27. A. staying B. retiring C. returning D. moving 28. A. decorated B. surrounded C. stuffed D. matched 29. A. sadness B. embarrassment C. excitement D. confusion 30. A. greet B. disturb C. warn D. persuade 31. A. doubt B. refusal C. hesitation D. anticipation 32. A. hiding B. recognizing C. explaining D. controlling 33. A. give in B. settle down C. open up D. look back 34. A. luck B. gift C. hug D. choice 35. A. different B. quiet C. special D. familiar 【答案】21. D 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. C 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. A 31. D 32. B 33. C 34. B 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是作者受朋友米歇尔影响，学会主动交友、发现不同之人美好的故事。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我几乎不认识她，但她的真诚征服了我。A. patience耐心；B. wisdom智慧；C. courage勇气；D. sincerity真诚。根据前文“she warmly invited me to her home for lunch”可知，米歇尔热情邀请作者，这份真诚打动了作者。故选D项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在她家里，我们愉快地聊天，一见如故。A. clicked一见如故，一拍即合；B. argued争论；C. parted分开；D. acted行动。根据前文“we chatted merrily”可知，两人相谈甚欢，很快就投缘了。故选A项。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我了解到她的丈夫在海军服役，他的工作带来了多次调动。A. adventures冒险；B. troubles麻烦；C. methods方法；D. transfers调动。根据后文“moving was her way of life”可知，丈夫工作需要频繁调动，所以搬家成了她的生活常态。故选D项。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以搬家是她的生活方式，但她勇敢应对了这个挑战。A. feared害怕；B. tackled处理，应对；C. rejected拒绝；D. launched发起。根据前文“moving was her way of life”以及转折语气可知，她没有逃避，而是积极应对频繁搬家的挑战。故选B项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天，她建议我们和她的其他朋友一起去买日用品。A. decided决定；B. ordered命令；C. suggested建议；D. required要求。根据后文“I agreed”可知，米歇尔向作者提出了一起外出的提议。故选C项。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上过得很愉快。A. ordinary普通的；B. boring无聊的；C. delightful愉快的；D. peaceful平静的。根据后文“It was fun to meet someone new and different”可知，那个夜晚十分有趣且让人开心。故选C项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来有一天，米歇尔告诉我她要搬家了。A. staying停留；B. retiring退休；C. returning返回；D. moving搬家。根据后文“On the moving day, I watched her truck disappear”可知，米歇尔即将搬家离开。故选D项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我去了她家，发现家里堆满了纸板箱。A. decorated装饰；B. surrounded包围；C. stuffed塞满，填满；D. matched匹配。根据后文“I helped her pack”可知，家里堆满了打包用的箱子，正在准备搬家。故选C项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：搬家那天，我看着她的卡车消失，悲伤涌上心头。A. sadness悲伤；B. embarrassment尴尬；C. excitement兴奋；D. confusion困惑。根据前文“feeling as if I were packing my own heart”可知，作者对朋友的离开十分不舍，内心充满难过。故选A项。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：想到米歇尔的温暖，我叫儿子们去和他们打招呼。A. greet打招呼；B. disturb打扰；C. warn警告；D. persuade劝说。根据前文“Thinking of Michelle’s warmth”以及后文“My sons raced forward”可知，作者让孩子们主动上前问候新朋友。故选A项。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：儿子们冲了过去，满是对新朋友的期待。A. doubt怀疑；B. refusal拒绝；C. hesitation犹豫；D. anticipation期待。根据前文“My sons raced forward”可知，孩子们满怀期待地去认识新朋友。故选D项。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我也走上前，意识到自己内心也有同样的渴望。A. hiding隐藏；B. recognizing意识到，认出；C. explaining解释；D. controlling控制。根据前文“I moved forward, too”可知，作者也感受到了自己内心主动交友的渴望。故选B项。 【33题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：现在我甚至开始敞开心扉，主动和各种各样的人攀谈。A. give in屈服；B. settle down定居；C. open up敞开心扉；D. look back回顾。根据后文“striking up conversations with people of all kinds”可知，作者变得开朗，愿意主动与人交流。故选C项。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然她离开了，但她给我留下了最好的离别礼物。A. luck运气；B. gift礼物；D. choice选择。根据后文“the ability to see the beauty”可知，这份交友的能力是米歇尔留给作者的珍贵礼物。故选B项。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那就是发现不同之人身上美好的能力。A. different不同的；B. quiet安静的；C. special特别的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据前文“It was fun to meet someone new and different”可知，作者学会了欣赏不同的人。故选A项。 第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 “Besiege Wei to Rescue Zhao” is one of the ancient Chinese military strategies known as the Thirty-Six Strategies. The name comes from a historical incident during the Warring States period of ancient China, ____36____ (involve) the states of Wei and Zhao. When Zhao ____37____ (face) an attack by Wei, the state of Qi employed this strategy by launching an attack on Wei, thus forcing them to withdraw from Zhao to defend their own territory. The core of this strategy means creating a situation ____38____ the opponent is forced to make a difficult decision, often abandoning their offensive position ____39____ (address) a more pressing threat. It draws on the element of surprise ____40____ the psychological impact of attacking an unexpected target. By shifting the battleground ____41____ a weaker area, the strategy not only interrupts the enemy’s plans but also gains a tactical (战略的) advantage without engaging in direct combat. In contemporary settings, the principles of “Besiege Wei to Rescue Zhao” ____42____ (adapt) for use in various non-military fields. In business, companies apply this strategy by launching attacks on a rival’s weaker markets or products to force a strategic ____43____ (withdraw). Similarly, in sports, teams make full use of an opponent’s defensive mistakes to gain a ____44____ (compete) advantage. This strategy provides _____45_____ valuable framework for addressing challenges in diverse contexts. 【答案】36. involving 37. faced 38. where 39. to address 40. and 41. to 42. are adapted 43. withdrawal 44. competitive 45. a 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国古代兵法策略“围魏救赵”的起源、核心含义以及在现代非军事领域的应用。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这个名字来源于中国古代战国时期涉及魏国和赵国的一个历史事件。“(involve) the states of Wei and Zhao”作后置定语修饰名词incident，involve (涉及)用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语incident之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填involving。 【37题详解】 考查时态。句意：当赵国面临魏国的攻击时，齐国采用这一策略，对魏国发动攻击，迫使他们从赵国撤军，以保卫自己的领土。face(面临)是从句谓语动词，根据句意和上下文可知，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。故填faced。 【38题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这一策略的核心是创造一种局面，使对手被迫做出艰难的决定，常常是放弃进攻位置以应对更紧迫的威胁。“_____ the opponent is forced to make a difficult decision”是定语从句，修饰先行词situation，关系词在定语从句中作抽象地点状语，应用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这一策略的核心是创造一种局面，使对手被迫做出艰难的决定，常常是放弃进攻位置以应对更紧迫的威胁。“(address) a more pressing threat”是“abandoning their offensive position”的目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to address。 【40题详解】 考查连词。句意：它利用了出其不意的因素以及攻击意外目标带来的心理影响。“the element of surprise”和“the psychological impact”是并列关系，用并列连词and连接。故填and。 【41题详解】 考查介词。句意：通过将战场转移到一个较弱的地区，这一策略不仅打乱了敌人的计划，而且在不进行直接战斗的情况下获得了战术优势。shift...to...是固定搭配，意为“把……转移到……”。故填to。 【42题详解】 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在当代环境中，“围魏救赵”的原则已被应用于各种非军事领域。adapt(使适应)是谓语动词，与主语principles之间是被动关系，结合语境可知，描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。故填are adapted。 【43题详解】 考查名词。句意：在商业领域，公司通过攻击竞争对手的薄弱市场或产品来应用这一策略，迫使其进行战略撤退。提示词作宾语，用名词withdrawal，意为“撤退”，是不可数名词。故填withdrawal。 【44题详解】 考查形容词。句意：同样，在体育比赛中，球队充分利用对手的防守失误来获得竞争优势。提示词作定语修饰名词advantage，用形容词competitive，意为“竞争的”。故填competitive。 【45题详解】 考查冠词。句意：这一策略为在不同背景下应对挑战提供了一个有价值的框架。framework(框架)是可数名词单数形式，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词限定，且valuable发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分40分) 第一节 (满分15分) 46. 假定你是李华，你的家乡正在举办农产品展销会以助力乡村发展。请你给外教 Smith 先生写一封邮件，邀请他前来参观体验。内容包括： 1．发出邀请； 2．介绍展销会； 3．表达期待。 注意： 1．写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Mr. Smith, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】参考范文 Dear Mr. Smith, I’m Li Hua. I’m writing to sincerely invite you to visit the agricultural products exhibition being held in my hometown, which is aimed at promoting local products and boosting rural development in China. The exhibition gathers a variety of high-quality local agricultural products, such as fresh fruits, organic vegetables, handmade food and traditional Chinese medicinal materials. Besides displaying products, there are also on-site tasting activities, where you can taste authentic local flavors for free. You can also talk with local farmers to learn about how these products are planted and made. I believe this exhibition will let you know more about my hometown’s culture and rural development. I’m looking forward to your arrival and I will be your guide then. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给外教 Smith 先生写一封邮件，邀请他前来参观体验家乡正在举办的农产品展销会。 【详解】1.词汇积累 目的，旨在：be aimed at → be intended for 真诚地：sincerely → genuinely 举行：be held → take place 免费：for free → free of charge 2.句式拓展 同义句 原句：I believe this exhibition will let you know more about my hometown’s culture and rural development. 拓展句：I hold the belief that this exhibition will let you know more about my hometown’s culture and rural development. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m writing to sincerely invite you to visit the agricultural products exhibition being held in my hometown, which is aimed at promoting local products and boosting rural development in China.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】You can also talk with local farmers to learn about how these products are planted and made.（运用了how引导的宾语从句） 第二节 (满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Pad was a farmer. Her husband Rame was a retired government officer and part-time farmer. They lived in a small town in India. Neither Pad nor Rame was large. But each one’s average size and build gave a false impression of a farmer’s strength, which came from working the fields. On a misty February morning in 2025, they made their way across their plot of land, where they were harvesting black pepper. Soon, Rame was climbing at the top of a Mexican lilac tree, which was close to the family well. He picked peppers from the vines that wound around its trunk, while Pad worked nearby. Then a sharp cracking sound pierced (划破) the quiet morning. The branch beneath Rame broke, and he lost his balance. He fell into the 40-foot well below, striking his head and back against the wall on the way down. Pad heard the crash, then the terrifying splash (落水声). She rushed to the well and looked down into the darkness. She called her husband’s name. His faint voice echoed back — he was all right. She immediately found a rope and lowered it into the well for him to climb back up. For a few seconds, she waited for a response. Then he cried out, “I can’t. I’m too weak, and my leg is hurt.” Pad went into rescue mode. She grabbed the thick rope attached to the well’s pulley system (滑轮系统). As she tied one end of the rope to a nearby tree, she called the fire department. After tying the other end of the rope around her waist, Pad walked onto the lip of the well and climbed down. The moss-covered wall was slippery, and her feet kept sliding off. Meanwhile, the rope was cutting into her hands, leaving her palms bloody. Midway down, Pad had to land on a rock stretching out from the well. She looked down into the darkness, hoping to catch sight of Rame. But she couldn’t see or hear anything. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 With no time to think, Pad jumped into the dark, cold water. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The couple were finally rescued from the well with the firefighters’ help. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文 With no time to think, Pad jumped into the dark, cold water. The icy water made her shiver violently, but she pushed forward, feeling around desperately for Rame. After a few anxious seconds, her hands touched his body — he was floating weakly, his leg twisted awkwardly. She wrapped one arm around his waist and held the rope tightly with the other, trying to pull him up. The rope burned her already bloody palms, and her arms ached terribly, but she refused to let go. She kept calling his name to keep him awake, her voice hoarse but firm. Just as her strength was fading, she heard the sound of fire engines approaching, giving her a burst of energy to hold on a little longer. The couple were finally rescued from the well with the firefighters’ help. Rame was rushed to the nearby hospital immediately for treatment of his head, back and leg injuries, while Pad was given first aid for her bloody palms and exhausted body. When the doctor told them that Rame would recover soon with proper rest, Pad let out a long sigh of relief. “You risked your life for me,” Rame whispered, holding her bandaged hands. Pad simply smiled, her eyes glistening. “We farmers don’t give up on our crops, and we never give up on each other,” she said quietly. Outside, the February mist had lifted, and the sun was beginning to shine warmly over their pepper fields. 【解析】 【导语】本文以救援经历为线索展开，讲述了印度小镇的农民帕德和丈夫拉梅在采摘黑胡椒时，拉梅从树上失足坠入40英尺深的水井并受伤。帕德不顾危险，借助绳索下井救援，在寒冷的水中奋力支撑，最终在消防员的帮助下，夫妻二人成功获救的感人故事。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“帕德没有时间多想，跳进了黑暗冰冷的水中。”可知，第一段可描写帕德在水中找到受伤的拉梅，奋力拉住他并坚持支撑，直到听到消防车声音的经过。 ②由第二段首句内容“在消防员的帮助下，这对夫妇终于从井中获救。”可知，第二段可描写两人被救后送往医院救治，拉梅感激帕德，帕德表达夫妻相守的信念，最终迎来温暖希望的场景。 2.续写线索：跳入水中——寻找拉梅——奋力支撑——听到救援声——成功获救——送往医院——相互依偎——感悟相守 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①颤抖：shiver /shake/tremble ②支撑：hold on/carry on/hang on ③握着：hold/grasp/grab 情绪类 ①焦急：anxious/worried ②欣慰：relief/comfort 【点睛】[高分句型1] She wrapped one arm around his waist and held the rope tightly with the other, trying to pull him up.（运用了现在分词短语作状语） [高分句型2] Just as her strength was fading, she heard the sound of fire engines approaching, giving her a burst of energy to hold on a little longer.（运用了as引导的时间状语从句以及现在分词短语作状语） [高分句型3] When the doctor told them that Rame would recover soon with proper rest, Pad let out a long sigh of relief.（运用了when引导的时间状语从句和that引导的宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026年常德市高三年级模拟考试 英语 注意事项： 1．答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号写在答题卡和本试题卷的封面上，并认真核对答题卡条形码上的姓名、准考证号和科目。 2．所有试题均须在答题卡上作答，在试题卷和草稿纸上作答无效。考生在答题卡上按答题卡中注意事项的要求答题。 3．本试题卷共12页。如缺页，考生须及时报告监考老师，否则后果自负。 4．考试结束后，将本试题卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。 1．What does the man probably want to get? A．Some bread. B．A book. C．A coffee. 2．What did the woman do yesterday evening? A．She did her homework. B．She put on a show. C．She watched TV. 3．When will the speakers go to the museum? A．On Friday. B．On Saturday. C．On Sunday. 4．What does the woman think of the measures? A．Quite necessary. B．Too strict. C．Impractical. 5．What are the speakers mainly talking about? A．A light. B．A shop. C．A robot. 第二节 (共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6．Where does this conversation take place? A．At a gym. B．At home. C．At a clinic. 7．What does the woman advise the man to do? A．Quit his job. B．Move around more. C．Eat more. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8．What has caused the traffic jam? A．A musical event. B．Roadworks. C．An accident. 9．Where are the speakers probably heading now? A．To a stadium. B．To a restaurant. C．To a cinema. 10．How does the man sound? A．Calm. B．Surprised. C．Anxious. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11．Where did Ryan learn about the “Artificial Sun”? A．From his father. B．From the news. C．From a story. 12．How will the speakers learn more about the device? A．By reading Mr. Cook’s articles. B．By taking a science class. C．By watching videos online. 13．What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A．Family members. B．Classmates. C．Teacher and student. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 14．What is the woman doing? A．Having a debate. B．Asking for advice. C．Conducting an interview. 15．What inspired Daniel to start playing chess? A．A book he read. B．A documentary he watched. C．A game he played as a child. 16．What can Daniel do through his work? A．Enjoy freedom. B．Work with others. C．Travel frequently. 17．What does Daniel think of his work? A．He has mixed feelings. B．He finds it challenging. C．He thinks it is boring. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18．What is the purpose of the meeting? A．Planning a vacation to Bangkok. B．Organizing cultural events abroad. C．Preparing for environmental projects. 19．What can we learn about the group? A．Their hometown is Thailand. B．They will work in different places. C．Their projects will take a month. 20．When will the volunteers leave Thailand? A．On March 20th. B．On March 28th. C．On April 28th. 第二部分 阅读 (共两节，满分50分) 第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A A great workshop can create innovation, connection and transformation for both companies and individuals. If you’re interested, you’re in the right place! What a workshop is A workshop is a structured and interactive session designed to engage participants and foster their active involvement in the process. They are not training sessions where one person teaches everyone else. Nor are they meetings where people give one another updates but rarely cooperate on a task with a structured approach. Workshop examples Workshops come in all shapes and sizes, but you might be wondering what they look like in practice and how they are put together.  Ideation Decision Making Retrospective When to Use You have a complex problem without an obvious solution. Your team needs to make an important decision together. You finish a week-long event or a longer project. How It Works Team generates many ideas around a topic, then analyses and selects the best ones by sharing them with each other. Team explores many options, discusses thoughts, and decides on a final decision. Team reflects together, discusses what went well and what could be improved, and then chooses actions for future skill development. Key Outcomes Carrying out innovative ideas quickly . A team consensus (共识) including all voices. Team growth and better preparation for next projects. Workshop best practices  Plan carefully and create a specific agenda to meet the goals of the session, coming up with innovative solutions, building team culture or developing skills.  Bring a facilitator, who will not only design an effective agenda, but help guide the group through the process and release collective intelligence.  Get the right people in the room Workshops tend to work best with small groups of people (8-15) who are invested in the topic of the session and have insights that can help with the cooperative work.  Design for interactivity. Selecting input from the group and using directly interactive games is a hallmark of an effective workshop. 1. What are participants expected to do in a workshop? A. Listen carefully and take notes. B. Report their individual work to others. C. Evaluate the effectiveness of the session. D. Get involved in cooperative tasks actively. 2. If you have just finished a project and want to learn from the experience, which one will you choose? A. Ideation. B. Decision Making. C. Retrospective. D. Training session. 3. Which of the following is considered a workshop best practice? A. Planning a flexible agenda. B. Playing games independently. C. Inviting more facilitators. D. Limiting participants to a small group. B Heidy Martinez never dreamt of studying sharks. That changed during a study abroad trip in South Africa in college. She went cage diving with classmates — viewing sharks underwater while inside a protective cage. Martinez was mostly there for the excitement. The boat ride was proving to be uncomfortable. Martinez’s wetsuit didn’t fit. Everyone was feeling seasick. When she entered the ocean, a woman beside her said she felt ill. “All of a sudden, she brings up,” Martinez recalls. “Then a wave comes, so all she pukes (呕吐) just lands on me.” At that moment, a white shark approached the cage. To see the shark, Martinez immediately dived, puke and all. But the sight was worth it. Movies usually show these sharks as bloody hunters. But this white shark looked entirely different. “I was shocked at how beautiful the shark was,” she says. “That was a critical moment in my career.” Today, Martinez is a freelance shark researcher. When she decided to switch careers in her mid-20s, she felt scared. Her family had left Colombia when she was 6 so she could have a better future. She worried her parents would think everything she’d done was a waste. But her dad actually got teary-eyed when she told them. He explained that he had wanted to study marine biology, too. “It felt like this full-circle moment,” she says. “My dad left everything behind so I could do what I love.” Martinez’s degrees are in anthropology and psychology, not marine biology. But these backgrounds have shaped her as a scientist. Anthropology allows her to consider cultural differences. Psychology helps her understand how people receive information. For example, clam (蛤蜊) divers in the Gulf of Mexico have lost their lives to shark encounters. Their reaction is to hate sharks. Many scientists try to lecture the fishermen about how sharks don’t regularly attack divers. But studying psychology taught Martinez that if you want people to listen to you, you have to listen to them first. 4. What happened to Martinez during her study trip in South Africa ? A. Someone threw up on her. B. She was attacked by a shark. C. She felt too sick to enjoy the trip. D. Her wetsuit was torn by a wave. 5. What can we infer from Martinez’s father’s reaction ? A. He regretted not leaving Colombia. B. He was worried about her wasting time. C. He was deeply touched by her decision. D. He felt sorry for his own unrealized dream. 6. Why does the author mention clam divers in Paragraph 5? A. To stress the importance of degrees. B To explain why fishermen fear sharks. C. To prove that sharks regularly attack divers. D. To show the effect of interdisciplinary knowledge. 7. What can be concluded from Martinez’s experience? A. Listening is a scientific research method. B. Efforts should be made to protect sharks. C Finding what interests us drives career path. D. Success is closely related to family support. C Fungi (真菌) and bacteria could one day be part of a living building material that is able to grow and repair itself. One of the great challenges facing the world as we attempt to reduce waste and greenhouse gas emissions is finding more sustainable building materials. The manufacture of concrete alone accounts for more than 5 percent of total human-caused greenhouse gas emissions. Some researchers hope to develop engineered living materials from cells that have desirable qualities such as being able to self-organize, repair and photosynthesise. Many strong, mineralised structures exist in living organisms — such as bone and coral. Driven by this, Chelsea Heveran at Montana State University and her colleagues tested whether a similar mineralised structure could be created around a scaffold (支架) of fungal mycelium, which is a network of microscopic, branching substances like thin threads that make up part of most fungi. Heveran and her team grew a mycelium scaffold using a species of fungus, then applied the bacterium Sporosarcina pasteurii to the scaffold. As the fungus and bacteria transformed urea (尿素) in their growth medium, they formed a hardened structure composed of calcium carbonate, the same compound found in eggshells and seashells. Heveran says bone is incredibly strong and tough given how lightweight it is. Other living materials created in the lab have only stayed alive for a few days, but the structure developed by Heveran and her colleagues for at least a month. “We are excited about our results and look forward to engineering more complex and larger structures,” says Heveran. “When the rate of survival is sufficiently high, we could start really applying lasting biological characteristics to the material that we care about, such as self-healing, sensing or environmental repair.” “Proposing mycelium as a scaffolding medium for living materials is a simple but powerful strategy,” says Aysu Kuru at the University of Sydney. 8. What inspired Heveran and her team to carry out the test? A. The waste caused by concrete manufacture. B. The need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. C. The growth of bacteria in building materials. D. The existence of mineralised structures in living things. 9. Which aspect of the test does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. Its significance. B. Its process. C. Its condition. D. Its purpose. 10. What advantage does the material developed by Heveran’s team have? A. It is much lighter in weight. B. It can repair itself within days. C. It remains alive for a longer time. D. It requires less substances to form. 11. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. A Living Building Material from Fungi B. How Living Materials Reduce Waste C. Bone, Coral, and the Future of Fungi D A Self-Repairing Test for Bacteria D In 1779, Englishman Charles Blair built the first primitive shelter for hikers to view France’s Mer de Glace glacier(冰川). As alpine(阿尔卑斯山的) clubs sprung up in Europe and climbers claimed first victories of major peaks in the Alps in the 1850s and 1860s, the Golden Age of Alpinism gave rise to a network of huts to support a new type of adventure tourism. Some 3,000 hiking huts, around 1,300 of which are staffed by Europe’s alpine clubs to provide food and safety above the treeline, are still standing in the Alps — for now. The Mer de Glace is reducing at a rate of 15 feet per year. By 2100, 90 percent of the glacier will be gone, while glaciers worldwide are expected to lose another 366 billion tons in the next decade. Therefore, the ground under the huts and the trails that support them is becoming more unstable. And in the face of aging structures, the foundations of huts are crumbling. Melting permafrost (永久冻土) causes steeper, faster rockfalls across the Alps. In Italy’s Dolomites, search-and-rescue operations rose 20% last summer due to unstable ground. “The mountains have always been dangerous,” says glaciologist Daniel Farinotti, “but melting is speeding up strikingly in recent years.” Advanced monitoring systems provide some warning, but hikers face more trail closures and must remain alarmed. Maintenance costs are rocketing. The Swiss Alpine Club (SAC) spends $8.8 million annually on repairs, but admits “the funds will not be enough.” The local government struggles with limited budgets. The Austrian Alpine Association sought $100 million in government aid in 2024 — they received only $3 million. So the SAC is calling for urgent action and a new financial model for hut construction. “Climate change is forcing us to rethink our concepts,” the SAC Huts 2050 report reads. “Our huts need to be adapted so that they remain safe and attractive in the future. This is not just about structural safety, but also about continuing to make mountain sports possible under changing conditions.” 12. Why were huts massively built in the Alps? A. To accommodate local staff. B. To mark the first major peaks. C. To satisfy adventurers’ needs. D. To serve as shelters for alpine clubs. 13. What does the underlined word “crumbling” mean in paragraph 2? A. Drying. B. Breaking. C. Freezing. D. Stabilizing. 14. What does the author try to illustrate by listing data in paragraph 4? A. The trouble in maintaining huts. B. The struggle for government aid. C. The urgency of building new huts. D. The necessity of financial budgets. 15. What does the SAC Huts 2050 report suggest? A. A careful plan to make huts attractive. B. Possible direction for hut adaptation. C. A practical solution to ensure hut safety. D. Constant reflection on climate change. 第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 We’ve engineered our lives to be frictionless or effortless, from one-tap grocery delivery to AI assistants that draft our emails. ___16___ Actually, struggles, frustrations and things like these in our life can be good things. They’re building something important. Here’s why we need friction in our life. Struggle builds resilience (韧性). No amount of AI or convenience can eliminate failure, heartbreak or disappointment from life. What protects us in life isn’t avoiding pain or failure, but knowing, from experience, that we can survive it. Resilience isn’t something you download or automate. ___17___ Skip those experiences, and you never develop the resilience for the really hard stuff. Inconvenience strengthens memory. ___18___ We tend to forget facts more easily when they are not stored along with an emotional memory. This explains why you recall every detail of that epic road trip where everything went wrong, but barely remember last year’s perfectly organized vacation. ___19___ It is essential for connection. Some friction in a relationship — like a disagreement we need to negotiate — is what develops the connection. And remember being bored as a kid? Actually, boredom is the nursery of originality. If we constantly fill each momentary gap with scrolling (滚屏), we never allow our minds to enter the quiet time where new ideas occur. So, choose to stay engaged with our own life, even when there’s an easier way out. Let’s take this message to heart: ___20___ A. Friction is where the living happens. B. AI doesn’t just assist us to save time. C. Problem-solving trains your reasoning ability. D. Pain deepens relationships and stimulates creativity. E. It’s something the brain earns through lived experiences. F. Without emotional processing, we can’t remember things well. G. But experts say all that convenience might be making us worse off. 第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分30分) 第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Michelle was a master at making friends. I met her at a summer programme, where she warmly invited me to her home for lunch. I barely knew her, but her ____21____ won me over. At her home, we chatted merrily and ____22____ immediately. I got to know her husband was in the Navy, and his job brought many ____23____. So moving was her way of life, but she ____24____ the challenge. The next day, she ____25____ we head out for groceries together with her other friends. I agreed. That evening was ____26____. It was fun to meet someone new and different. The more I knew Michelle, the more new people I met. Then one day Michelle told me she was ____27____. I went to her home and found it ____28____ with cardboard boxes. I helped her pack, feeling as if I were packing my own heart. On the moving day, I watched her truck disappear, ____29____ washing over me. Days later, while outside with my boys I saw a young mother with two boys walking by. Thinking of Michelle’s warmth, I called my sons to ____30____ them. My sons raced forward, filled with the ____31____ of new friends. I moved forward, too, ____32____ that desire in my own heart. That young mother became a close friend. Now I even begin to ____33____, striking up conversations with people of all kinds. I still miss Michelle. Although away, she has left me the best parting ____34____ — the ability to see the beauty in ____35____ people. 21 A. patience B. wisdom C. courage D. sincerity 22. A. clicked B. argued C. parted D. acted 23. A. adventures B. troubles C. methods D. transfers 24. A. feared B. tackled C. rejected D. launched 25. A. decided B. ordered C. suggested D. required 26. A. ordinary B. boring C. delightful D. peaceful 27. A. staying B. retiring C. returning D. moving 28. A. decorated B. surrounded C. stuffed D. matched 29. A. sadness B. embarrassment C. excitement D. confusion 30. A. greet B. disturb C. warn D. persuade 31. A. doubt B. refusal C. hesitation D. anticipation 32. A. hiding B. recognizing C. explaining D. controlling 33. A. give in B. settle down C. open up D. look back 34. A. luck B. gift C. hug D. choice 35. A. different B. quiet C. special D. familiar 第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 “Besiege Wei to Rescue Zhao” is one of the ancient Chinese military strategies known as the Thirty-Six Strategies. The name comes from a historical incident during the Warring States period of ancient China, ____36____ (involve) the states of Wei and Zhao. When Zhao ____37____ (face) an attack by Wei, the state of Qi employed this strategy by launching an attack on Wei, thus forcing them to withdraw from Zhao to defend their own territory. The core of this strategy means creating a situation ____38____ the opponent is forced to make a difficult decision, often abandoning their offensive position ____39____ (address) a more pressing threat. It draws on the element of surprise ____40____ the psychological impact of attacking an unexpected target. By shifting the battleground ____41____ a weaker area, the strategy not only interrupts the enemy’s plans but also gains a tactical (战略的) advantage without engaging in direct combat. In contemporary settings, the principles of “Besiege Wei to Rescue Zhao” ____42____ (adapt) for use in various non-military fields. In business, companies apply this strategy by launching attacks on a rival’s weaker markets or products to force a strategic ____43____ (withdraw). Similarly, in sports, teams make full use of an opponent’s defensive mistakes to gain a ____44____ (compete) advantage. This strategy provides _____45_____ valuable framework for addressing challenges in diverse contexts. 第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分40分) 第一节 (满分15分) 46. 假定你是李华，你的家乡正在举办农产品展销会以助力乡村发展。请你给外教 Smith 先生写一封邮件，邀请他前来参观体验。内容包括： 1．发出邀请； 2．介绍展销会； 3．表达期待。 注意： 1．写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Mr. Smith, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 第二节 (满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Pad was a farmer. Her husband Rame was a retired government officer and part-time farmer. They lived in a small town in India. Neither Pad nor Rame was large. But each one’s average size and build gave a false impression of a farmer’s strength, which came from working the fields. On a misty February morning in 2025, they made their way across their plot of land, where they were harvesting black pepper. Soon, Rame was climbing at the top of a Mexican lilac tree, which was close to the family well. He picked peppers from the vines that wound around its trunk, while Pad worked nearby. Then a sharp cracking sound pierced (划破) the quiet morning. The branch beneath Rame broke, and he lost his balance. He fell into the 40-foot well below, striking his head and back against the wall on the way down. Pad heard the crash, then the terrifying splash (落水声). She rushed to the well and looked down into the darkness. She called her husband’s name. His faint voice echoed back — he was all right. She immediately found a rope and lowered it into the well for him to climb back up. For a few seconds, she waited for a response. Then he cried out, “I can’t. I’m too weak, and my leg is hurt.” Pad went into rescue mode. She grabbed the thick rope attached to the well’s pulley system (滑轮系统). As she tied one end of the rope to a nearby tree, she called the fire department. After tying the other end of the rope around her waist, Pad walked onto the lip of the well and climbed down. The moss-covered wall was slippery, and her feet kept sliding off. Meanwhile, the rope was cutting into her hands, leaving her palms bloody. Midway down, Pad had to land on a rock stretching out from the well. She looked down into the darkness, hoping to catch sight of Rame. But she couldn’t see or hear anything. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 With no time to think, Pad jumped into the dark, cold water. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The couple were finally rescued from the well with the firefighters’ help. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $