2024年高考英语长难句及解析 讲义-2026届高三英语二轮复习专项

2024年高考英语长难句及解析 1.(2024·新课标Ⅰ)The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text. [句式分析]　本句是主从复合句。when引导时间状语从句，此从句的谓语为move from...to...；like identifying the main idea in a reading passage和such as drawing inferences from a text分别补充说明simple tasks和ones that require...；that require mental abstraction是定语从句，修饰先行词ones。 [尝试翻译]　当实验人员从提出简单的任务，如找到阅读文章的主旨，转向需要抽象思维的任务，如从文本中推出结论时，纸质阅读的好处尤为明显。 2.(2024·新课标Ⅰ)According to this theory，people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media，which are often not so serious，and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. [句式分析]　本句是主从复合句。形容词短语suited to social media作后置定语修饰mindset；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词social media；and连接主句中并列的谓语approach和devote。 [尝试翻译]　根据这一理论，人们以适合社交媒体(通常不那么严肃)的思维方式处理数字文本，并且投入比阅读纸质印刷品时更少的脑力。 3.(2024·全国甲)He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters，endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally positive outcome. [句式分析]　本句是主从复合句。suggested在此意为“建议”，其后的宾语从句中用“(should＋)动词原形”表示虚拟，think前省略了should；that I wanted for the characters，that were right for the characters和that satisfied the story均是定语从句，修饰各自前面的endings；even if引导让步状语从句。 [尝试翻译]　他建议我思考我想要的角色结局和适合角色的结局之间的区别，后一类结局是满足故事需要的结局，即使它们没有传统意义上的积极结果。 4.(2024·新课标 Ⅰ)This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. [句式分析]　 本句是主从复合句。because引导原因状语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词the people；recording ...nearby为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰citizen scientists。 [尝试翻译]　这是有道理的，因为通过移动设备获取生物多样性观察数据的人通常是公民科学家，他们记录的是在附近区域与物种的相遇。 5.(2024·浙江1月)We’re not tempted by sugary treats，but by our computers，phones，and tablets—all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers. [句式分析]　本句是主从复合句。句中含有“not...but...”结构。that connect...information和that do to us...preschoolers都是定语从句，分别修饰先行词all the devices和various types of information；第二个从句中包含“A do to B what C do to D”这一固定句型，表示“A对B的作用就像C对D的作用一样”。 [尝试翻译]　诱惑我们的不是甜食，而是我们的电脑、手机和平板电脑——所有将我们与各种信息的全球传递系统连接起来的设备，这些信息对我们的作用就像棉花糖对学龄前儿童的作用一样。 6.(2024·新课标Ⅱ)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility，said Edmondson，adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers. [句式分析]　此句是主从复合句。adding...writers是动词-ing形式作伴随状语，that引导的是宾语从句；walking through the Birthplace Garden是动词-ing形式作后置定语，修饰visitors。 [尝试翻译]　埃德蒙森说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度。他还说，走过出生地花园的游客常常会惊讶地发现这两位伟大作家之间的联系。 7.(2024·新课标Ⅰ)These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens，and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change，I wanted to know：Are they usable? [句式分析]　本句是由and连接的并列复合句。在第一个分句中，that...specimens是定语从句，修饰先行词the primary data；在第二个分句中，since引导原因状语从句，how引导宾语从句。 [尝试翻译]　这些观察现在多于来自实体标本的原始数据，由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种对全球变化的反应，我想知道：它们可用吗？ 8.(2024·浙江1月)But as we’ve reshaped the world around us，dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories，we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago，and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat. [句式分析]　此句是由and连接的并列复合句。在第一个分句中，as引导时间状语从句，reducing...calories是现在分词短语作状语，we had thousands of years ago是定语从句，修饰先行词brains；在第二个分句中，why引导的是宾语从句，作介词of的宾语，that we know we shouldn’t eat是定语从句，修饰先行词foods。 [尝试翻译]　但是，随着我们重塑了我们周围的世界，大大减少了获取卡路里的成本和努力，我们的大脑仍然和几千年前一样，这种不匹配是我们中的这么多人难以抵抗我们明知道不应该吃的诱人食物的核心原因。 9.(2024·新课标Ⅰ)After Charlie had a heart attack，Tindale says，she was prepared to put him to sleep，but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. [句式分析]　本句是由but连接的并列复合句。after引导时间状语从句，so...that...引导结果状语从句。 [尝试翻译]　汀达尔说，在查理心脏病发作后，她准备让他长眠，但法伯的治疗大大减轻了她的狗的痛苦，她能够让它多活五个月。 10.(2024·新课标Ⅰ)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design，to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing the steps along the Silk Route which brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. [句式分析]　此句是主从复合句。retracing...Route是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰a path；which引导定语从句。 [尝试翻译]　这座温室是当代设计的一个伟大成就，它将中国西南部的植物安置在一条小径的尽头，这条小径追溯着丝绸之路的步伐，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，明确了英国园艺的丰富性。 11.(2024·浙江1月)As it has been many years since I last used one，I should hardly be surprised that there are no longer any public telephones near my house. [句式分析]　本句是主从复合句。as引导原因状语从句，其中since引导时间状语从句；主句中的that引导宾语从句。 [尝试翻译]　由于距离我上次使用公用电话已经有很多年了，所以我对我家附近不再有公用电话几乎不感到惊讶。 12.(2024·新课标Ⅰ)It should give you a precise definition of each word，thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar，but not identical. [句式分析]　此句是主从复合句。differentiating...是现在分词短语作结果状语，whose...identical是定语从句，修饰先行词other words。 [尝试翻译]　它应该给出每个单词的精确定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。 13.(2024·新课标Ⅰ)Further，the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road，by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. [句式分析]　此句是主从复合句。influenced...Road是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词a journey；by which是“介词＋which”引导的定语从句。 [尝试翻译]　此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园将带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程，丝绸和许多植物物种都是通过古丝绸之路首次来到英国的。 14.(2024·新课标Ⅱ)In the wrong hands，such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code that powers AI but，thankfully，Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. [句式分析]　此句是but连接的并列复合句。that powers AI是定语从句，修饰先行词code，translating...是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词experience。 [尝试翻译]　在错误的人手中，这样一本书可能会被证明处理起来像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但谢天谢地，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，能将深奥难懂的内容转化为可理解的内容。 15.(2024·新课标Ⅱ)She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic，making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which，by the close，will make you feel almost as smart as AI. [句式分析]　此句是主从复合句。making for a guide是现在分词短语作状语，两个which引导定语从句，修饰先行词a guide。 [尝试翻译]　她从一个商业人士(而非学者)的实际角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明。 16.(2024·新课标Ⅱ)This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now—several decades before these developments are expected to take place. [句式分析]　此句是主从复合句。why引导的是表语从句，before引导的是时间状语从句。 [尝试翻译]　这就是为什么坎贝尔现在就开始提高人们对人工智能及其未来的认识——比这些发展预计发生的时间要早几十年。 17.(2024·全国甲)That’s why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats，which they don’t usually like. [句式分析]　此句是主从复合句。why引导的是表语从句；if在此意为“是否”，引导宾语从句；which引导的是定语从句。 [尝试翻译]　这就是为什么大多数宠物猫都能立即分辨出它们的主人是否接触了其他猫，而它们通常不喜欢主人这样做。 18.(2024·全国甲)You have to balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable，but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere，one that fits what’s right for the characters. [句式分析]　此句是主从复合句。that’s unpredictable...nowhere是定语从句，修饰先行词an ending；one是an ending的同位语；that fits...characters是定语从句，修饰先行词one；what引导宾语从句，作fits的宾语。 [尝试翻译]　你必须平衡创造一个不可预测但不像是凭空而来的结局，一个适合角色的结局。 19.(2024·全国甲)That’s why this issue of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing. [句式分析]　此句是主从复合句。why引导表语从句；whatever引导宾语从句，作介词for的宾语。 [尝试翻译]　这就是为什么本期《作家文摘》旨在帮助你弄清楚如何为你正在做的任何一种写作写出最好的结局。 20.(2024·全国甲)If it’s short stories，Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. [句式分析]　此句是主从复合句。if引导条件状语从句；主句中you can try是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词techniques；which引导宾语从句，作see的宾语。 [尝试翻译]　如果你在写短篇小说，彼得·蒙特福德给出了六种技巧，你可以试着看看哪一种能帮助你成功创作出故事的结尾。 21.(2024·全国甲)It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food，so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full. [句式分析]　此句是so连接的并列复合句。it作形式主语，to tell...enough food为真正的主语；that引导宾语从句；before引导时间状语从句。 [尝试翻译]　实际上，你的大脑需要几分钟的时间来告诉你的身体它已经吃饱了，所以慢慢吃，并且在你感觉饱之前就停止进食。 22.(2024·浙江1月)For a few months after the “library” opened，I didn’t bother taking a look，as I had assumed that it would be stuffed full of cheesy love stories. [句式分析]　此句是主从复合句。after引导时间状语从句，as引导原因状语从句，that引导宾语从句。 [尝试翻译]　在“图书馆”开放后的几个月里，我都懒得看一眼，因为我以为里面会塞满俗气的爱情故事。 23.(2024·浙江1月)We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world，and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value—a feeling of reward and satisfaction. [句式分析]　此句是主从复合句。because引导原因状语从句，that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a response mechanism。 [尝试翻译]　我们之所以会受到甜食的诱惑是因为我们的祖先生活在一个热量匮乏的世界，我们的大脑对这些甜食形成了一种反应机制，反映了它们的价值——一种奖励和满足感。 24.(2024·浙江1月)Therefore，just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption，we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption，resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively. [句式分析]　此句是主从复合句。as引导方式状语从句，resisting...是现在分词短语作状语。 [尝试翻译]　因此，就像我们需要更缜密地考虑我们的热量摄入一样，我们也需要更缜密地考虑我们的信息摄入，抵制精神上的“垃圾食品”的诱惑，以便最有效地管理我们的时间。 25.(2024·浙江1月)The tip that comes up most often is simple：build online courses into your weekly schedule，just like what you would do with in person courses. [句式分析]　此句是主从复合句。that comes up most often是定语从句，修饰先行词the tip；what引导宾语从句。 [尝试翻译]　最常被提及的建议很简单：把在线课程纳入你的每周计划，就像你对现场课程所做的那样。 26.(2023·全国乙)It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. [句式分析]　此句是主从复合句。句首it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语，从句中由and连接两个句子。sticking to a traditional diet为现在分词短语作定语，修饰前面的those。 [尝试翻译]　据最近报道，那些坚持传统饮食的人数正在缓慢下降，大约有一半的英国消费者想要在某种程度上改变或改进他们的烹饪。 27.(2023·浙江1月)What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning，and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. [句式分析]　此句是并列复合句。and前的分句中what引导主语从句；and后的分句中what引导宾语从句，作介词to的宾语，且what在从句中作主语。 [尝试翻译]　哈蒙德所指的是意义的问题，而意义是区分最不聪明的人类和最聪明的机器的关键。 28.(2023·新课标Ⅱ) Naming each nature experience creates a usable language，which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. [句式分析]　此句是主从复合句。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a usable language，该从句中又包含一个定语从句that are most satisfying and meaningful to them，修饰先行词activities。 [尝试翻译]　为每种自然体验命名创造出了一种可用的语言，它帮助人们意识到并参与最令人满意和有意义的活动。 29.(2023·全国甲)With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over that coming weeks，new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long，warm summer days to get jobs done. [句式分析]　此句是主从复合句。that引导的从句作shows的宾语，其中to get jobs done为不定式短语作目的状语；With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over that coming weeks为with复合结构作状语。 [尝试翻译]　随着数百万人可能会在将来几周进行DIY项目，新的研究表明，超过一半的人计划充分利用漫长而温暖的夏日来完成工作。 30.(2023·浙江1月)InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development，which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. [句式分析]　本句是主从复合句。to “low-impact” solar development为介词短语作定语，修饰approaches；which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“low-impact” solar development，该从句中的that is kinder to the land是定语从句，修饰先行词a way。 [尝试翻译]　InSPIRE正在研究“低影响”太阳能开发的实用方法，其重点是采用对土地更加友好的方式来建立和运营太阳能农场。 31.(2023·全国甲)“There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins，borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. [句式分析]　 此句是主从复合句。where引导定语从句，修饰先行词a town；borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables为动词-ing形式作状语。 [尝试翻译]　“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着平静的生活。”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些常见的词。 32.(2023·全国甲)So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate，and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone，we get impatient about the circumstances. [句式分析]　此句是并列复合句。and前面的分句中that引导的从句作the belief的同位语，we will tolerate是省略了that的定语从句，先行词state前有the only修饰；and后面的分句中when引导时间状语从句。 [尝试翻译]　我们中的许多人都认为，舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，而当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们会对环境失去耐心。 33.(2022·浙江6月) As he went on to share his concept with others，the idea soon took off in India and other countries before eventually reaching Europe，where it became popular in places like France，Belgium and the Netherlands. [句式分析]　此句是主从复合句。As he went on to share his concept with others为as引导的时间状语从句；where it became popular...为where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词Europe。 [尝试翻译]　 随着他继续与他人分享他的新理念，这个想法很快在印度和其他国家大受欢迎，最终传到欧洲，在法国、比利时和荷兰等地流行起来。 34.(2023·全国乙)The remarkable development of this city，which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world，means there is always something new to discover here，and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. [句式分析]　此句是并列复合句。and前面的分句中which引导定语从句，修饰先行词development；means后面是宾语从句，省略了引导词that。 [尝试翻译]　这座城市的发展令人瞩目，它在迈向现代世界的同时，有意识地保护着过去，这意味着这里总有新的事物等待人们去探索，而我或许会在接下来的50年里持续拍摄北京。 35.(2022·新课标Ⅰ)David had a brain disease which prevented him from walking or running like other children，but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid. [句式分析]　 此句是并列复合句。but前面的分句中which引导定语从句，修饰先行词a brain disease。 [尝试翻译]　大卫患有一种脑部疾病，这种疾病使他不能像其他孩子那样走路或奔跑，但在学校，他的同班同学把他当作一个普通的小孩。 36.(2023·全国乙) Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine，it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists. [句式分析]　 此句是主从复合句。even though引导让步状语从句；who和whose都引导定语从句，修饰先行词chefs。 [尝试翻译]　尽管英国的菜肴素以平庸著称，但它正培养出更多的顶级厨师，这些厨师经常出现在我们的电视屏幕上，他们的烹饪书也经常高居畅销榜之首。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $