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初中英语语法
条件状语从句
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如果明天天气好,我们会去公园。
如果你努力学习,你才能通过考试。
“如果”
条件
条件状语
从句
中考考情分析
考查频率 必考点,每年必考。
考查形式 单项选择、完形填空、词汇运用、句型转换等
核心考查点(90%的题目) 1. "主将从现"原则
2. if/unless的用法与转换
易错点与难点 1. if 的两种用法
2. 时态误用
备考策略 1. 夯实基础:”主将从现”+大量例句
2. 精练真题:真题+模拟题,专项突破
定义
条件状语从句
表示主句发生的前提或条件的分句叫条件状语从句,即在某种条件下,一件事情可能发生。经常由if(如果)/unless(除非)/as long as(只要)引导。
If it’s sunny tomorrow, we will go to the zoo.
如果明天是晴天,我们就去动物园。
As long as we cook dinner, we will do the dishes.
只要我们做饭,我们就会洗碗。
句式结构
1. 条件状语从句+“,”+主句。
2. 主句+ 条件状语从句(不用加逗号)。
If it rains, I will stay at home.
如果明天下雨,我就待在家。
= I will stay at home if it rains.
He will catch the early bus if he gets up early.
如果他早点起床,他就会赶上早班车。
= If he gets up early, he will catch the early bus.
牛刀小试: We will have a picnic if it is sunny.
=__________________________________
If it is sunny, we will have a picnic.
1
用法
用“if”引导
if 意为“如果”,引导条件状语从句。
当主句是将来时(或含有将来意味,如祈使句、情态动词can/may/must等)时,if引导的条件从句必须用一般现在时来表示将来,即“主将从现”。
公式:
If + 主 + 动词, 主 + will/can/may/must + 动词
If he has time, he will call me .
如果他有时间,他就会给我打电话。
1
用“if”引导
① 主将从现:主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。
If you practice more, you will make progress.
(一般现在时) (一般将来时)
You will make progress if you practice more.
(一般将来时) (一般现在时)
1
用“if”引导
② 主情从现:主句含有情态动词,从句用一般现在时。
You can pass the exam if you work hard.
(情态动词) (一般现在时)
③ 主祈从现:主句用祈使句,从句用一般现在时。
If you feel tired, have a rest.
(一般现在时) (祈使句)
牛刀小试
1) We’ll stay at home if it _____ this Sunday.
A. rains B. will rain
C. raining D. rained
2) 如果他来了,请让他给我回电话。
If he ________, please ask him to call me back.
3) 如果他没有时间,他不会来的。
If he ____________ (have) time, he won’t come.
4) Work hard, and you will succeed. (用if改写)
______________________________________________
If you work hard, you will succeed.
A
comes
doesn’t have
含有if 的条件状语从句可以转换为:
“祈使句+and/or+ 一般将来时的陈述句”
If you..., you will...(表示肯定的条件关系)
=祈使句 + and + 一般将来时的陈述句
If you work hard, you will succeed.
如果你努力工作,你就会成功。
转换为:Work hard, and you will succeed.
拓展
If you don't..., you will... /
Unless you..., you will...
(表示否定的条件关系,即“否则”)
=祈使句 + or + 一般将来时的陈述句
If you don’t get up early, you will be late.
如果不早起,你就会迟到。
转换为:Get up early, or you will be late.
拓展
2
用“unless”引导
unless 意为“除非,如果不”,当其引导条件状语从句时,也适用于“主将(情、祈)从现” 。
You will be late unless you go at once.
除非你马上去,不然就会迟到。
用法
可以转换为“if...not...”引导的条件状语从句。
It won’t go unless you give it a bone.
它不会走的,除非你给它根骨头。
= It won’t go if you don't give it a bone.
Don’t come unless I call you.
除非我给你打电话,否则就别来。
= Don’t come if I don’t call you.
牛刀小试
1) Come on, Lisa! You will miss the train ____ you hurry up.
A. unless B. if C. after D. because
2) —Your grandma often dances in the square.
—Yes, ____the bad weather stops her.
A. so B. unless C. if D. but
3) I can’t see clearly if I doesn’t wear glasses.
(用unless改写)
______________________________________________
I can’t see clearly unless I wear glasses.
A
B
3
用“as long as”引导
as long as,意为“只要”,当其引导条件状语从句时,也适用于“主将(情、祈)从现” 。
You may borrow this book as long as you keep it clean.
只要你能保持这本书干净,你就能借走它。
As long as you don‘t lose heart, you will find a way out.
只要你不失去信心,你就会找到出路。
用法
“as long as”可以转换为“if/unless”引导的条件状语从句。
As long as you practice more, you will speak English fluently.
只要你多加练习,你就会讲流利的英语。
= If you practice more, you will speak English fluently.
You will succeed as long as you keep trying.
只要你坚持尝试,你会成功的。
= You won't succeed unless you keep trying.
(unless = if not)
牛刀小试
1) You will achieve your dream _______ you have a strong will.
as if B. as long as
C. as well as D. as far as
2) The environment will become much better _______ we all work together.
even if B. as long as
C. unless D. so that
3) 只要你说真话,我就会信任你。(用as long as翻译)
______________________________________________
I will trust you as long as you tell the truth.
B
B
4
用“once”引导
once,意为“一旦…(就…)”,当引导条件状语从句时,也适用于“主将(情、祈)从现” 。
强调某个条件一旦实现或满足,主句的动作或状态就会随之发生或出现。
eg:Andy has a strong mind. Once she made a decision, nothing can stop her.
安迪有强大的内心,一旦做出决定,没什么能阻止她。
once引导条件状语从句,表示“一旦做出决定”这个条 件实现,“没有什么能阻止她”这个结果就会随之出现。
5
用“in case”引导
该考点属于较高难度,会在一些拔高题或完形填空中出现。
In case,意为“以防,万一”,引导条件状语从句时,也适用于“主将(情、祈)从现” 。
表示为了预防某种可能发生的情况而做另一件事。
eg:You'd better take an umbrella in case it rains.
你最好带把伞,万一下雨。
带伞的目的是为了预防“下雨”这个可能发生的情况。
易错点辨析
if 的两种用法:
if除了表示“如果”,还可以表示“是否”,需要if判断引导的是宾语从句(表“是否”)还是条件状语从句(表“如果”)。
宾语从句:I don‘t know if he will come.
我不知道他是否会来。
句中if引导的从句,作know(知道)的宾语。
(if="是否",从句时态按规则)
条件状语从句:If he comes, I will know.
如果他来了,我会知道。
(if="如果",遵守"主将从现")
易错点辨析
时态误用:
在条件状语从句中,不可在if从句中使用will表示将来。
If it will rain, we will stay.(错误)
如果下雨,我们就留下来。
改为: If it rains, we will stay.
易错点辨析
主从句判断:
使用“主将从现”原则的关键是分清主句和从句,由于if是引导词,它引导的一定是从句,其余为主句,然后再使用“主将从现”原则。
If Jack ______(win) the game, we ________(give) him a surprise.
如果杰克赢了游戏,我们会给他一个惊喜。
从
主
wins
will give
练习
1. My uncle practices tai chi in the park _____ the weather is fine.
A. as well as B. as long as C. as soon as
2. — Mom, may I surf the Internet now?
— No, _____ you have finished your homework.
A. unless B. if C. because
3. _____ you read it, you can’t imagine how moving the story is.
A. Unless B. Because C. Although D. When
B
A
A
4. —What are you doing now? Would you like to join us in the game?
—Sorry, I’m so busy now. If I _____ time, I _____ join you.
had; would B. have; would C. have; will D. had; will
5. You may easily lose your way in the rain forest ______ you don’t have a map or a guide.
A. if B. unless C. though D. until
6. We’ll be at the risk of the virus ______ we get a vaccine.
A. unless B. if C. when D. whether
C
A
A
7. We can go to foreign countries ______ the COVID-19 virus is ______ control.
unless; under B. if; out of
C. unless; out of D. if; under
8. In many cities of China, you’ll see groups of people dance in the square together if it ________ after dinner.
A. rains B. will rain C. doesn’t rain
D
C
完成句子:
1. If something ________ _________, it means it doesn’t happen as planned.
如果某件事失败了,这意味着它没有按计划发生。
2.只要你不放弃,你的梦想就会实现。
Your dream will come true ______ ________ ______ you don’t give up.
goes
wrong
as
long
as
3. If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking. (保持句意基本不变)
We will go hiking ________ it ________ tomorrow.
4. Run fast, or you’ll be late for school. (改为同义句)
________ you________ ________ fast, you’ll be late for school.
unless
rains
If
don’t
run
正确形式填空:
1. A little kindness can go a long way. If a classmate seems sad, ________ (smile) to make him/her feel better.
2. If you ________ (not be) suitable for a designer, who could be?
3. If Maria________ (live) alone, she ________ (keep) a pet parrot.
smile
aren’t
lives
will keep
4. I believe we ________ (make) our China Dream come true earlier once we all pull together.
5. Unless you practise more, you won’t ________ in winning the game. (successful)
6. He ________ (not pass) the final exams unless he tries his best.
will make
succeed
won’t pass
$