第20章 第1节 英语写作基本方法-【高考零起点】2026年新高考英语总复习学用Word（艺考）

第二十章　作文写作辅导 第一节　英语写作基本方法 第一： 适当运用高级词汇 在写作中“高级词汇”主要包括两个方面的词汇： 一是指使用《普通高中英语课程标准》上没有的词语、通过构词法变化来的新词、同(近)义词或反义词等来代替常见词语；二是指与一些较为通俗的词语同义、同用法的词语相比结构较为复杂、使用率相对较少的词汇。如very用来表示程度，一般考生都会用，但若能用extremely，甚至quite，相对于very就好得多。因此相对于very而言，extremely/quite就是高级词汇。在写作时，“高级词汇”如能运用得贴切自然，哪怕整篇文章只用上一两个来替换掉那些过于通俗普通的单词，也会使你的作文显得与众不同。如： 1. 我对英语非常感兴趣。 I’m very interested in English. →I’m quite/extremely interested in English. 2. 我们的校园位于市中心。 Our campus is in the center of the city. →Our campus is located in the center of the city. →Our campus situates in the center of the city.  3. 这几天我有很多事要做。 I have a lot of things to do these days. →I have endless things to do these days. (一)高考常考的4组高级写作词汇 [第一组]名词 1. 机会 chance→opportunity 2. 选择 choice→alternative 3. 问题problem→trouble/difficulty 4. 影响 effect→influence/impact 5. 后果 result→consequence 6. 缺点 shortcoming→drawback 7. 方法 way→approach 8. 优势 advantage→strength 9. 劣势 disadvantage→weekness 10. 益处 good→benefit [第二组]动词及动词短语 1. 看见see→catch sight of 2. 遇见meet→come across 3. 鼓励encourage→inspire 4. 拥有have→possess 5. 提高develop/improve→promote 6. 得到get→gain/acquire 7. 面对face→be faced with 8. 容忍bear→put up with 9. 解决solve→deal with/cope with 10. 决定decide→determine/make up one’s mind 11. 考虑consider→take…into account/consideration 12. 应该should→be supposed to 13. 理解understand→make sense of/figure out 14. 使用use→employ/make use of/take advantage of 15. 道歉apologize→make an apology 16. 记住remember→bear/keep…in mind 17. 发生happen→occur/come about 18. 想起occur→think of/come up with 19. 感谢thank→be grateful for 20. 帮助某人help sb. →do sb. a/the favor 21. 给予give→provide/supply 22. 参观visit→tour/pay a visit to 23. 分发hand out→distribute 24. 习惯于be used to→be accustomed to 25. 一定must→be sure to/be bound to 26. 为……做准备prepare for→make preparations for/be prepared for 27. 反对be against→object to 28. 专心于pay attention to→focus on/concentrate on 29. 忙于be busy in(with)→be occupied in(with)/be buried in/be engaged in 30. 闻名be famous for→have a reputation for 31. 感到舒心feel comfortable→feel at ease 32. 美化学校make one’s school beautiful→beautify one’s school 33. 导致result in→give rise to/lead to 34. 成功做某事succeed in doing sth. →make it 35. 想做某事want to do sth. →seek/intend/desire to do sth. 36. 照看look after→attend to 37. 尽最大努力做某事try one’s best to do sth. →spare no effort to do sth. 38. 向某人寻求帮助ask sb. for help→turn to sb. for help 39. 我认为I think→in my opinion/as far as I’m concerned [第三组]形容词 1. 令人惊奇的surprising→amazing/astonishing/shocking 2. 贫穷的poor→needy/poverty-stricken 3. 优秀的excellent→outstanding 4. 明显的clear→obvious/evident 5. 常见的common→universal 6. 美好的good→remarkable/fantastic 7. 勤奋的hard-working→diligent 8. 有空的free→available 9. 困难的difficult→challenging 10. 坚强的strong→tough 11. 重要的important→vital/significant 12. 不可能的impossible→out of the question 13. 有趣的interesting→absorbing/striking/appealing 14. 小心谨慎的careful→cautious 15. 幸运的lucky→fortunate 16. 漂亮的beautiful→attractive/charming 17. 生气的angry→annoyed 18. 糟糕的bad→terrible/awful 19. 迅速的fast→rapid/speedy 20. 快乐的happy→delighted/joyful 21. 聪明的clever→intelligent/smart 22. 危险的dangerous→harmful/risky [第四组]其他(副词、连词、介词短语、数词) 1. 突然suddenly→all of a sudden 2. 非常very→extremely 3. 有时sometimes→occasionally/once in a while/from time to time 4. 另外；况且besides→in addition/what’s more/moreover 5. 因此so→therefore 6. 第一 first→to begin/start with 7. 第二 second→in addition/what’s more 8. 最终 finally→eventually 9. 但是 but→however 10. 大多数most→the majority 11. 许多 many→a lot of/a large quantity/amount of/endless 12. 种类繁多的 all kinds of→a variety of/varieties of/various 13. 事实上in fact→as a matter of fact/actually 14. 例如for example→for instance 15. 几天前a few days ago→the other day 16. 故意 on purpose→deliberately/by design 17. 因为 because of→on account of/due to/owing to/thanks to 18. 总之 in a word→to sum up/in conclusion/in summary 19. 由……构成be made up of→consist of 20. 越来越多more and more→an increasing number of 21. 因为because→in that 22. 一……就…… as soon as+从句→on/upon+名词 23. 如果if→suppose/supposing/on condition that 24. 即将到来coming soon→around/round the corner (二)高考常考的高级短语 1. be increasingly+adj.，be on the rise，a growing number越来越…… 2. it is generally/widely believed/held/agreed that人们普遍认为 3. attract general/public/world attention to sth. 引起大众/公众/世界注意某事 4. there is a growing awareness/realization of/that逐渐意识到 5. adapt/adjust/accommodate(使适应)oneself to… 适应…… 6. take part in/participate in/compete in 参加(比赛) 7. make progress 取得进步 8. look forward to 期待 9. accept one’s invitation 接受某人的邀请 10. long for one’s coming 渴望某人的到来 11. get on/along well with sb. 与某人友好相处 12. on behalf of one’s school代表某人的学校 13. develop/form/acquire a good habit of…养成……的好习惯 14. express one’s warm welcome to sb. 向某人表示热烈欢迎 15. be good at doing sth. ，be able to do sth. ，have the ability to do sth. ，be capable of doing sth. 擅长于、有能力做某事 16. have some basic knowledge of，have a wide range of knowledge of有基本的/广泛的了解 17. have/show a talent for，be gifted in在……方面有天赋 18. sign up for，enter for报名 19. meet one’s requirements满足某人的要求 20. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 21. in order to do sth. 为了做某事 (三)高级词汇的替换举例 1. occur 替换 have an idea Suddenly I had an idea that someone had broken into my house. →An idea occurred to me that someone had broken into my house. →It occurred to me that someone had broken into my house. 2. devote替换spend He spends all his spare time in reading. →He devotes all his spare time to reading. 3. seek替换want/look for They sought(wanted)to hide themselves behind the trees. 4. average 替换ordinary I’m an average(ordinary)student. 5. but替换very The film we saw last night was very interesting. →The film we saw last night was nothing but interesting. →The film we saw last night was anything but boring. 6. seat 替换sit On his way to school，he found an old lady seated(sitting)by the road，looking worried. 7. suppose 替换should He is supposed to(should)have driven more slowly. 8. appreciate 替换thank Thank you very much for your help. →We appreciate your help very much. /Your help is much appreciated. 9. the case替换 true I don’t think it is the case(true). 10. on替换as soon as As soon as he arrived，he began his research. →On his arrival，he began his research. 11. due to替换because of He arrived late due to(because of)the storm. 12. cover替换walk After covering(walking)10 miles，we all felt tired. 13. contribute to替换be helpful/useful Plenty of memory work is undoubtedly helpful to English study. →Plenty of memory work will undoubtedly contribute to English study. 14. round the corner 替换 coming soon/nearby ①The summer vacation is round the corner(coming soon). Do you have any plans？ ②Li Ming studies in a school round the corner(nearby). 15. come to light替换discover The family were so pleased when they discovered the lost jewels. →The family were so pleased when the lost jewels came to light. 16. come up with替换think of Jack is very clever. He often comes up with(thinks of)new ideas. 17. set aside替换save Some students think that they should set aside(save)some of their pocket money for books. 18. be of + n. 替换adj. The products are of high quality(very good)and are sold everywhere in China. 19. in the course of替换during In the course of(During)the mountain-climbing，please help each other and pay special attention to your safety. 20. refer to替换talk about/of，mention The professor you referred to(talked about)is very famous. 21. cannot but/cannot help but替换have to do I could not but(had to)go home. 22. more often than not替换usually More often than not(Usually)，the meaning of many words can be easily guessed. 23. be worn out替换 be tired/broken ①After five hours’ nonstop work，we were all worn out(tired). ②My shoes are worn out(broken). Please buy me a new pair. 24. long for sth. /long to do sth. 替换want to do sth. /wish for I long(want)to see you very much. 25. be caught up in/be crazy about/be absorbed in/be addicted to替换be interested in He is caught up in(very interested in)collecting stamps. 26. more than/greatly/extremely替换very If there is anything I can do for you，I would be more than(very)glad to help. 27. perfect(ly)替换good/very well He speaks perfect(good)English. He speaks English perfectly(very well). 28. do sb. a favor 替换help Do me a favor(Help)by turning off the radio. 29. the other day替换a few days ago The other day(A few days ago)my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle. 30. the majority of替换most of The majority of(Most of)the interviewees prefer watching TV at home to going to the cinema. 31. consist of替换be made up of 32. attend to替换look after 33. on condition that替换as long as 34. nevertheless替换however 35. occasionally替换sometimes/once in while 36. express one’s satisfaction with替换be satisfied with 37. spare no effort to do sth. 替换try one’s best to do sth. 38. many a 替换many 39. for instance替换for example 40. wealthy替换 rich 41. vital，critical，essential，influential，meaningful，prominent，significant替换important 42. an increasing number of，increasingly+adj.，on a rise替换more and more 43. believe，argue，assume，point out，hold the view that，subscribe to the view that…替换think 44. enjoy，be fond of，be in favor of，prefer替换like 45. personally，as far as I am concerned，as to me，from my angle，from my point of view，from my perspective，from my way of thinking替换in my opinion 总之，我们要提高词汇量，精彩的词汇无疑会为文章增色不少。 第二：恰当运用复杂句式 好的书面表达句子虽然要简明扼要，但更主要的是要生动，句子要有层次，结构值得让人分析。如果一篇作文通篇都只是一些通俗简单的短句或简单句，势必会让文章大大减色而失去应有的得分亮点，因此应使用一些较为复杂的句式，如强调句、感叹句、倒装句等，来增强语句的表现力。使用一些复杂句式，特别是打破汉语句子结构的束缚而重组的句子将会使你的文章充满生机和活力。 1. My brother is a PLA man，and he is ready to help others. 我的哥哥是一名解放军，而且他乐于帮助他人。 →My brother who is a PLA man is ready to help others. (使用限制性定语从句)  →My brother，who is a PLA man，is ready to help others. (使用非限制性定语从句)  →My brother，a PLA man，is ready to help others. (使用同位语)  2. We should try our best to help him. 我们应当尽最大努力帮助他。 →We should spare no effort to help him.  →We should help him as much as we can.  →We should do whatever we can to help him.  第三： 准确运用过渡词(组)、过渡句 有的同学的作文乍一看每个句子的语法和结构都很准确，但就是读起来总显得前后脱节，内容不统一。这个问题其实出在他/她的文中少了一些应有的过渡词(组)和过渡句，这样就使得文中句子都只是一些单个零碎的句子，缺乏整体感。因此在写作时，我们应按时间、空间或其他逻辑顺序来安排各要点的运用，过渡词(组)和过渡句的准确运用加强了句子之间、段落之间的联系，使文章表达连贯，浑然一体。书面表达中常用的可起衔接、连贯作用的过渡词(组)和过渡句有： 1. 表递进： and，then，besides，what’s more，in addition，besides，furthermore，to make matters worse，moreover… 2. 表转折： but，however，though，or else，otherwise，on the contrary，while，after all… 3. 表总结： finally，at last，in brief，in a word，in all，generally speaking… 4. 表描述： for example，for instance，actually，in fact，as a matter of fact，in other words… 5. 表推理： as a result，therefore，thus，on account of… 6. 表强调： indeed，certainly，surely，above all… 7. 表对比： in the same way，similarly，just as，instead… 8. 表目的： for this reason，for the purpose of，so as to，so that… 9. 时间顺序： first，second，then，finally/at last，soon，immediately，suddenly… 10. 空间顺序： here，there，on one side…on the other side，in front of，at the back of，next to… 11. 表对称： for one thing，for another thing；on one hand，on the other hand… 12. 表因果： because，since，as，thanks to，as a result(of)… 13. 表条件： as long as，so long as，on condition that，if，unless… 14. 表让步： though，as，even if/though，whether，who(what，when，where)ever… 15. 过渡性插入语： I think，I’m afraid，you know，as we all know… 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $