第18章 阅读理解-【高考零起点】2026年新高考英语总复习学用Word（艺考）

该高中英语高考复习学案系统覆盖阅读理解（主旨大意、细节理解等四大题型）和语法填空核心考点，按题型特征与难度分层（一星至三星文章）构建知识网络，通过问题导向（如“根据题目揣摩文意”）和任务驱动（题型分类专项练习）引导学生自主梳理解题策略，形成系统化备考框架。 亮点在于诊断性自测与个性化复习设计，如阅读理解开篇设置题型分类诊断题，学生可根据错题匹配基础巩固或综合提升路径，培养语言能力与思维品质。每个模块配有真题演练（2023-2025年高考题）和技巧总结表，帮助学生自主诊断薄弱环节，教师可依托分层练习实现因材施教，有效提升学生自主复习效率。

第十八章　阅读理解 可以说，阅读理解是最重要的英语应用，新高考中，它占分37.5分，共4道大题，15个小题，每小题2.5分。由于分数占比非常高，它的得分情况很大程度上决定了整体的得分水平。 阅读理解的得分率究竟如何来提高呢？ 有些同学通常先通读文章，再去做题。这种做法有很大的局限性，因为有很多文章的出题人是不会让考生全部都读得懂的，所以，沿着这条路走下去，很容易中出题人的圈套，结果自然就是导致成绩不理想。 其实，做阅读理解，最重要的方法是根据题目去揣摩文意。题目中的选项虽然不属于正文，却包含着理解文意所需的丰富信息，把这些信息与考生一知半解的文意相结合，文章真正要表达的意思就会在考生头脑中清晰化起来，为做题打下一个良好的基础。 在阅读理解的4道大题中，第1道大题通常是广告应用文，是最简单的，只有3个小题，只需将这3个小题的选项拿到文章中去比照，答案就很容易选出来。这种应用文生僻的人名、地名很多，即使考生词汇量再大也会译不出来，但若掌握技巧，则可知它们对做题没有什么影响。 当然，巧妇难为无米之炊，词汇量仍然是考生在阅读理解中拿高分的先决条件，若词汇量太少，却想在阅读理解中拿高分，无异于汉字不识几个，却想在语文阅读中拿高分，结果可想而知了。 阅读理解的文章包罗万象，对于题目的设置，却不外乎以下几种类型。考生在做题的时候，要养成给这些题分类的习惯，并配以一定数量的练习，掌握每种题型的应对技巧。 1. 主旨大意题 阅读理解首先要做到的就是掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，它是全文的概括与总结。能否抓住这个中心，取决于考生的总结能力。常见题型如下。 (1)主题型： What’s the main idea of this passage？ What does this passage mainly discuss？ What’s the topic of this passage？ (2)标题型： What’s the best title？ The best title for this text is　　　　.  (3)目的型： The main purpose of this text is　　　　.  The author’s purpose of writing this text is to　　　　.  What’s the main purpose of the passage？ 【应对技巧】 (1)抓住主题句。它们一般位于文章的开头或结尾。同时，也可以对贯穿各段的中心句进行总结。 (2)务必忠于原文，切忌将自己的观点强加于作者。 2. 细节理解题 顾名思义，细节题即指针对文章的某个细节而设置的题，这是在阅读理解中极易出错的一种题型。在细节题中，出题人很少把文章中的原句照搬到选项中，而是对原句进行细小的加工，在加工的过程中采取“以偏概全”“夸大事实”“偷换概念”等手段来迷惑考生。 【应对技巧】 常用的方法就是定位法。根据题干或选项中的线索词，从原文中找到相关的句子，与选项进行比对。比对的时候要非常小心，要特别留意出题人在对原句加工时有没有“以偏概全”，有没有“夸大事实”，有没有“偷换概念”。一旦出现，就要把该选项排除掉。 3. 词义猜测题 一个考生，无论词汇量多大，都会在阅读理解中遇到生词。所以，对生词词义的猜测成为阅读理解的常见题型。 【应对技巧】 紧扣生词所在的上下文，根据上下文的意思对词义做出正确的猜测。 4. 推理判断题 要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的隐含意义和深层意义。题干中往往含有一些标志性词语，如learn，infer，suggest，conclude等。它属于主观性极强的高层次阅读理解题。 【应对技巧】 严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实及作者的措辞、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，然后利用自己获得的相关知识进行推理判断。在判断时，要忠于原文、有理有据，不凭空臆断，不要把自己的想法强加于作者，这样才能得出符合逻辑的结论。 一星文章 第一篇(2025全国Ⅰ卷) A The greening of planes，trains and automobiles Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions (排放). As the world races to decarbonize everything，it faces particular problems with transportation—which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Here’s the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport. The fuels for transport need to be not just green，cheap and powerful，but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around. Each mode of transport has its specific fuel needs. Much is still to be settled，but here are some of the solutions to get us going green. 　　This energy transition (变革) is global，and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “a little bit mind-blowing，” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. It’s estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. Fortunately，analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task. “We need to speed up the development of green energy，and it will all get used，” says Wipke. 21. What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018？ A. 11.6%.　　　　　 B. 45.1%. C. 74.5%. D. 86.1%. 22. Which mode of transport can go green comparatively easily？ A. Planes. B. Trucks. C. Trains. D. Ships. 23. What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition？ A. Limiting fuel consumption. B. Putting more effort into renewables. C. Improving energy efficiency. D. Making electricity more affordable. 第二篇(2025全国Ⅱ卷) A English Market Towns to Visit in the UK English market towns come in many shapes and sizes. Each has a personality shaped by the goods and services produced and traded for centuries. But each town has more to do than shop. Hereford，Herefordshire Hereford has remained a lively market town since 1189. Skirting the town square，you’ll find lovely shops，eateries，and the Black and White House Museum. The Hereford Cathedral is the most impressive building in town. It’s also home to an ancient library. One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there. Ludlow，Shropshire Ludlow is known as the Foodie Center of England. Butcher shops，greengrocers，bakeries，and cheese shops line the town square. Bordering the square，the Ludlow Castle is a “must explore” medieval stronghold. The three-day Ludlow Food Festival is held each September. Shrewsbury，Shropshire Getting to Shrewsbury Town Center from London is challenging but worth the anxiety. The River Severn has a significant turn through town，almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center. The shape creates a perfect market where goods could be shipped and received using the river as a highway. Flowers are everywhere—hanging baskets，window boxes，and planters—just what you imagine in an attractive English market town. Mevagissey，Cornwall Even if you haven’t been to the small fishing village Mevagissey，you’ve probably seen it in a movie or British TV show. The working harbor (港口) took shape in 1774. Fishermen go out to sea daily and sell their fish in harbor-side markets. Don’t leave the harbor without a traditional Cornish pie. It’s delicious. 21. Where can you find an original copy of the Magna Carta？ A. In the Ludlow Castle. B. In the Foodie Center of England. C. In the Hereford Cathedral. D. In the Black and White House Museum. 22. What is a feature of Shrewsbury Town Center？ A. It’s situated near a big island. B. It’s almost surrounded by water. C. It’s known for its flower festival. D. It’s easily accessible from London. 23. What does the author suggest visitors do in Mevagissey？ A. Try the Cornish pie. B. Watch a British TV show. C. Go fishing in the sea. D. Take pictures of the harbor. 第三篇 (2024新高考Ⅰ卷) A HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM Help restore and protect Marin’s natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal，winter planting，and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. GROUPS Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form. AGE，SKILLS，WHAT TO BRING Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15. Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed. We’ll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary. Bring a personal water bottle，sunscreen，and lunch. No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements. UPCOMING EVENTS Time Meeting Location Sunday，Jan. 15 10：00 am—1：00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead Sunday，Jan. 22 10：00 am—2：30 pm Stinson Parking Lot Beach Sunday，Jan. 29 9：30 am—2：30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead 21. What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team？ A. To discover mineral resources. B. To develop new wildlife parks. C. To protect the local ecosystem. D. To conduct biological research. 22. What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team？ A. 5. B. 10. C. 15. D. 18. 23. What are the volunteers expected to do？ A. Bring their own tools. B. Work even in bad weather. C. Wear a team uniform. D. Do at least three projects. 第四篇 (2024新高考Ⅱ卷) A Choice of Walks for Beginner and Experienced Walkers The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner，experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow’s mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks. Walk 1—The Natural World With environmentalist Éanna Lamhna as the guide，this walk promises to be an informative tour. Walkers are sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs. Date and Time： Saturday，1st October，at 09：00 Start Point： Scratoes Bridge Walk Duration： 6 hours Walk 2—Introduction to Hillwalking Emmanuel Chappard，an experienced guide，has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all. This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ensure you get the most from future walking trips. Date and Time： Sunday，2nd October，at 09：00 Start Point： Deerpark Car Park Walk Duration： 5 hours Walk 3—Moonlight Under the Stars Walking at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone. Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. A torch (手电筒) along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate. Date and Time： Saturday，1st October，at 18：30 Start Point： The Town Hall Walk Duration： 3 hours Walk 4—Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild. Bring along your camera and enjoy the wonderful views along this well-surfaced forest path. Date and Time： Sunday，2nd October，at 11：45 Start Point： Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area Walk Duration： 1.5 hours 21. Which walk takes the shortest time？ A. The Natural World. B. Introduction to Hillwalking. C. Moonlight Under the Stars. D. Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest. 22. What are participants in Walk 3 required to do？ A. Wear proper clothes. B. Join a walking club. C. Get special permits. D. Bring a survival guide. 23. What do the four walks have in common？ A. They involve difficult climbing. B. They are for experienced walkers. C. They share the same start point. D. They are scheduled for the weekend. 第五篇 (2024全国甲卷) A Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebration of the Harvard community’s artistic creativity. We invite you to join us for the coming ARTS FIRST. We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances，art exhibitions and art-making activities. The festival is a public event for Harvard and community members of all ages. Light Awash in Watercolor Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors，1880—1990： Into the Light. Spineless Artists： Invertebrate Creativity From webs to cocoons，invertebrates (无脊椎动物) create some of nature’s most delicate and beautiful designs. Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance，inspire fashion and create art，while making your own spineless artists out of craft (手工艺) materials. Wheel Throwing Join instructors from the Ceramics Program and great potters from Quincy，Cabot and Mather Houses for demonstrations using the potter’s wheel. Then create your own masterpiece! Knitting and Pom-Pom Making Join the Harvard Undergraduate Knitting Circle to make pom-poms and tassels out of thread，or pick up a pair of needles and learn to knit (编织). 21. What do we know about ARTS FIRST？ A. It is an exhibition of oil paintings. B. It offers art courses for all ages. C. It presents recreational activities. D. It is a major tourist attraction. 22. Which program will you join if you’re interested in drawing pictures？ A. Light Awash in Watercolor. B. Spineless Artists： Invertebrate Creativity. C. Wheel Throwing. D. Knitting and Pom-Pom Making. 23. What can you do together with Javier Marin？ A. Practice a traditional dance. B. Make handcrafts. C. Visit a local museum. D. Feed invertebrates. 第六篇(2023新高考Ⅰ卷) A Bike Rental & Guided Tours Welcome to Amsterdam，welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical，sustainable and fun way to explore the city，with its beautiful canals，parks，squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam. Why MacBike MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2，500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations，we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety，including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车)，bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡)，bikes with child seats，and children’s bikes. Prices Hand Brake， Three Gears Foot Brake， No Gears 1 hour ￡7.50 ￡5.00 3 hours ￡11.00 ￡7.50 1 day (24 hours) ￡14.75 ￡9.75 Each additional day ￡8.00 ￡6.00 Guided City Tours The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill，the Skinny Bridge，the Rijksmuseum，Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour，starting at 1：00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online. 21. What is an advantage of MacBike？ A. It gives children a discount. B. It offers many types of bikes. C. It organizes free cycle tours. D. It has over 2，500 rental shops. 22. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days？ A. ￡15.75. B. ￡19.50. C. ￡22.75. D. ￡29.50. 23. Where does the guided city tour start？ A. The Gooyer，Windmill. B. The Skinny Bridge. C. Heineken Brewery. D. Dam Square. 第七篇(2023新高考Ⅱ卷) A Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park，and throughout the year. The following are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone(May 26 to September 2) Whether you’re hiking a backcountry trail (小径)，camping，or just enjoying the park’s amazing wildlife from the road，this quick workshop is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store. Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics(June 5 to August 21) Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long as your plans allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center. Canyon Talks at Artist Point(June 9 to September 2) From a classic viewpoint，enjoy Lower Falls，the Yellowstone River，and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峡谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk. Photography Workshops(June 19 & July 10) Enhance your photography skills—join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone. 6/19—Waterfalls & Wide Angles： meet at Artist Point. 7/10—Wildflowers & White Balance： meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area. 21. Which of the four programs begins the earliest？ A. Photography Workshops. B. Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics. C. Canyon Talks at Artist Point. D. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone. 22. What is the short talk at Artist Point about？ A. Works of famous artists. B. Protection of wild animals. C. Basic photography skills. D. History of the canyon area. 23. Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop？ A. Artist Point. B. Washburn Trailhead. C. Canyon Village Store. D. Visitor Education Center. 第八篇(2023全国甲卷) A Where to Eat in Bangkok Bangkok is a highly desirable destination for food lovers. It has a seemingly bottomless well of dining options. Here are some suggestions on where to start your Bangkok eating adventure. Nahm Offering Thai fine dining. Nahm provides the best of Bangkok culinary (烹饪的) experiences. It’s the only Thai restaurant that ranks among the top 10 of the world’s 50 best restaurants list. Head Chef David Thompson，who received a Michelin star for his Londonbased Thai restaurant of the same name，opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010. Issaya Siamese Club Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant. The menu in this beautiful colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine combined with modern cooking methods. Bo.lan Bo.lan has been making waves in Bangkok’s culinary scene since it opened in 2009. Serving hard-to-find Thai dishes in an elegant atmosphere，the restaurant is true to Thai cuisine’s roots，yet still manages to add a special twist. This place is good for a candle-lit dinner or a work meeting with colleagues who appreciate fine food. For those extremely hungry，there’s a large set menu. Gaggan Earning first place on the latest “Asia’s 50 best restaurants” list，progressive Indian restaurant Gaggan is one of the most exciting venues (场所) to arrive in Bangkok in recent years. The best table in this two-story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen，where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. Culinary theater at its best. 21. What do Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in common？ A. They adopt modern cooking methods. B. They have branches in London. C. They have top-class chefs. D. They are based in hotels. 22. Which restaurant offers a large set menu？ A. Gaggan. B. Bo.lan. C. Issaya Siamese Club. D. Nahm. 23. What is special about Gaggan？ A. It hires staff from India. B. It puts on a play every day. C. It serves hardtofind local dishes. D. It shows the cooking process to guests. 第九篇(2023全国乙卷) A PRACTITIONERS Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c. 1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence，she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor，she was banned from medicine. James Barry(c. 1789—1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but，dressed as a man，she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813，then joined the British Army，serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859，having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man. Tan Yunxian(1461—1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However，Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511，Tan wrote a book，Sayings of a Female Doctor，describing her life as a physician. Rebecca Lee Crumpler(1831—1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later，she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865，where she provided medical care to freed slaves. 　　　　　　　　　　 21. What did Jacqueline and James have in common？ A. Doing teaching jobs. B. Being hired as physicians. C. Performing surgery. D. Being banned from medicine. 22. How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners？ A. She wrote a book. B. She went through trials. C. She worked as a dentist. D. She had formal education. 23. Who was the first African American with a medical degree？ A. Jacqueline Felice de Almania. B. Tan Yunxian. C. James Barry. D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler. 二星文章 第一篇(2025全国Ⅰ卷) B In my ninth-grade writing class last year，I met a cowboy who saved his town，a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s，and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once，I found myself wondering just how my students，who’d created these people，knew their subjects so well. But things were different for their first essay，which was about the question： “Why is writing important？” Most of the essays filled less than one page，and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers，but writing，in and of itself，simply didn’t strike them as important. This would have to change. As a new unit started，I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments，a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop，I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories，10 to 20 pages each，with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However，my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June，I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance — the ability to connect people，to put us in another’s skin，to teach us what it means to be human. 24. Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1？ A. Ninth graders. B. Students’ parents. C. Modern writers. D. Fictional characters. 25. Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay？ A. They were not given enough time. B. They had a very limited vocabulary. C. They misunderstood the question. D. They had little interest in the topic. 26. What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean？ A. Mixed. B. Amazing. C. Similar. D. Disturbing. 27. What does the author’s experience show？ A. Teaching is learning. B. Still waters run deep. C. Knowledge is power. D. Practice makes perfect. 第二篇(2025全国Ⅱ卷) B Kathy Ho teaches high school inside Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford (LPCH). “Sometimes I don’t like saying that I’m a teacher，” says Ho. “People get in their minds an idea of what teachers do，but that’s not really what it is here.” “Here” is room 386，where each year，about 500 LPCH patients also become students. The hospital school is free of parents，doctors，and medical procedures. It’s a place of learning. About half of Ho’s students stay for a week or less； others are there for more than a year. Most of Ho’s students will recover，which means that preparing them to return to school is an increasingly important component of care. Still，in room 386，academics don’t come first. Physical health and mental health are the priority. “If you’re scared about something and thinking only about that，there’s no way you’re going to be able to learn，” Ho says. “I’m a coach，an adviser，and a comforter，and that’s what it means to be a hospital teacher.” There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho’s class. She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools. Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments； they express sympathy instead. “I feel like it is a disservice to the kids，” Ho says. “They think their teachers don’t care about their schoolwork.” Ho recognizes the psychological benefit of helping kids keep up with their peers (同龄人) outside the hospital. “I actually think the medicine is only a small piece for some problems，” says Julie Good，director of pain management services at LPCH. “It’s about problem-solving around what it means to have a full life. Those kids have dreams. School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way to learn and grow.” 24. Who does Ho teach at LPCH？ A. Sick children. B. Young nurses. C. Medical students. D. Patients’ parents. 25. What is a characteristic of Ho’s job？ A. Prioritizing academics. B. Encouraging innovation. C. Treating various diseases. D. Playing multiple roles. 26. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4？ A. Offering regular lessons. B. Paying extra attention. C. Assigning no schoolwork. D. Showing no sympathy. 27. How does the hospital school benefit the students according to Good？ A. It eases peer pressure. B. It helps them live in hope. C. It frees them from aches. D. It entertains them with stories. 第三篇 (2024新高考Ⅰ卷) B “I am not crazy，” says Dr. William Farber，shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive，it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine—combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture，chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. Farber，a graduate of Colorado State University，started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture，an ancient Chinese practice，and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So，after studying the techniques for a couple of years，he began offering them to pets. Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack，Tindale says，she was prepared to put him to sleep，but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse，Nappy，“moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time，and if the past is any indication，he may be right： Since 1982，membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well，” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.” 24. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him？ A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude. 25. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets？ A. He was trained in it at university. B. He was inspired by another veterinarian. C. He benefited from it as a patient. D. He wanted to save money for pet owners. 26. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about？ A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work. C. Examples of rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 27. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association？ A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance. C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection. 第四篇 (2024新高考Ⅱ卷) B Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read？ Yes，we all have our phones，but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed. Well，there’s a kiosk (小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area，at least. “You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute，a three-minute，or a five-minute story，” says Alicia Trost，the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit—known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.” It’s that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20，000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. Some are classic short stories，and some are new original works. Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders. “We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest，” Trost says. “And as of right now，we’ve received about 120 submissions. The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.” Ridership on transit (交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century，so could short stories save transit？ Trost thinks so. “At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories，” she says. And you’ll never be without something to read. 24. Why did BART start the kiosk program？ A. To promote the local culture. B. To discourage phone use. C. To meet passengers’ needs. D. To reduce its running costs. 25. How are the stories categorized in the kiosk？ A. By popularity. B. By length. C. By theme. D. By language. 26. What has Trost been doing recently？ A. Organizing a story contest. B. Doing a survey of customers. C. Choosing a print publisher. D. Conducting interviews with artists. 27. What is Trost’s opinion about BART’s future？ A. It will close down. B. Its profits will decline. C. It will expand nationwide. D. Its ridership will increase. 第五篇 (2024全国甲卷) B Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance，almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help，scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you’re able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry，it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However，when a cat is looking for affection，they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother’s attention and be fed. Cats have many heightened senses，but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However，another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That’s why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats，which they don’t usually like. Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit，but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that’s been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it’s been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it!  24. What can be learned about cats’ meowing from the first paragraph？ A. It’s a survival skill. B. It’s taught by mother cats. C. It’s hard to interpret. D. It’s getting louder with age. 25. How does a pet cat assess different situations？ A. By listening for sounds. B. By touching familiar objects. C. By checking on smells. D. By communicating with other cats. 26. Which best explains the phrase “take…up a notch” in paragraph 3？ A. Perform appropriately. B. Move faster. C. Act strangely. D. Do better. 27. What is a suitable title for the text？ A. Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B. Understanding Your Cat’s Behavior C. Have Fun with Your Cat D. How to Keep Your Cat Healthy 第六篇(2023新高考Ⅰ卷) B When John Todd was a child，he loved to explore the woods around his house，observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream，for example，often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older，John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. After studying agriculture，medicine，and fisheries in college，John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)？ Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals？ With the right combination of animals and plants，he figured，maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an ecomachine. The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First，he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little，these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks，John added the sludge. He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks，it had all been digested，and all that was left was pure water. Over the years，John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1，600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou，a city in southeast China. “Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor，” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.” 24. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs？ A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone. C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor. 25. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks？ A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem. C. To protect the plants. D. To test the eco-machine. 26. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou？ A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea. C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention. 27. What is the basis for John’s work？ A. Nature can repair itself. B. Organisms need water to survive. C. Life on Earth is diverse. D. Most tiny creatures live in groups. 第七篇(2023新高考Ⅱ卷) B Turning soil，pulling weeds，and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is，says Abby Jaramillo，who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts，a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills，environmental awareness，and healthy lifestyles. Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks，” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful，dirt is awful，insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt，most are eager to try something new. Urban Sprouts’ classes，at two middle schools and two high schools，include hands-on experiments such as soil testing，flower-and-seed dissection，tastings of fresh or dried produce，and work in the garden. Several times a year，students cook the vegetables they grow，and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently，” Jaramillo says. She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides，working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students，many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside，” she says，“and they feel successful.” 24. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo？ A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family. C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts. 25. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program？ A. The kids’ parents distrusted her. B. Students had little time for her classes. C. Some kids disliked garden work. D. There was no space for school gardens. 26. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program？ A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable. C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable. 27. What can be a suitable title for the text？ A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country Life C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape 第八篇(2023全国甲卷) B Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture，she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.  She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six，Terri，now 26，accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with ￡5 in pocket money. She says： “I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with，painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house. It took weeks and it was backbreaking work，but I know he was proud of my skills.” Terri，who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth，South West London，says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy (租期) comes to an end. She adds： “I’ve moved house many times and I always like to personalize my room and put up pictures. So，it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.” With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over that coming weeks，new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long，warm summer days to get jobs done. The average spend per project will be around ￡823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. Two fifths wish to increase the value of their house. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby，the research shows it is women now leading the charge. 24. Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1？ A. An artist. B. A winner. C. A specialist. D. A pioneer. 25. Why did Terri’s grandfather give her ￡5 a day？ A. For a birthday gift. B. As a treat for her work. C. To support her DIY projects. D. To encourage her to take up a hobby. 26. How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented？ A. By making it look like before. B. By furnishing it herself. C. By splitting the rent with a roommate. D. By cancelling the rental agreement. 27. What trend in DIY does the research show？ A. It is becoming more costly. B. It is getting more time-consuming. C. It is turning into a seasonal industry. D. It is gaining popularity among females. 三星文章 第一篇(2025全国Ⅰ卷) C While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years，transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility，especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school，so they pack them into the car instead. Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement： How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives，they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously，a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway，Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live，and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. Although these campaigns were widespread，the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people，among the highest rate of car ownership in the world. We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through，but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities？ The authors of Movement have it right： it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door. 28. What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1？ A. Cars often get stuck on the road. B. Traffic accidents occur frequently. C. People walk less and drive more. D. Pedestrians fail to follow the rules. 29. What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do？ A. Keep their cities livable. B. Promote cultural diversity. C. Help the needy families. D. Make expressways accessible. 30. What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s？ A. They boosted the sales of cars. B. They turned out largely ineffective. C. They won government support. D. They advocated building new parks. 31. What can be a suitable title for the text？ A. Why the Rush？ B. What’s Next？ C. Where to Stay？ D. Who to Blame？ 第二篇(2025全国Ⅰ卷) D Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas，stuck inside volcanic rocks，filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now，new research suggests that a simple，cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头)： boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters，researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially，this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study，boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate，boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally，the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene，polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still，the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water，scientists found earlier this year，contains 10 to 1，000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice，” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay，an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research，tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 32. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph？ A. By quoting an expert. B. By defining a concept. C. By giving examples. D. By providing statistics. 33. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water？ A. The hardness of water. B. The length of cooling time. C. The frequency of filtering. D. The type of plastic in water. 34. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4？ A. The importance of plastic recycling. B. The severity of the microplastic problem. C. The danger in overusing pure water. D. The difficulty in treating polluted water. 35. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about？ A. Choice of new research methods. B. Possible direction for further study. C. Need to involve more researchers. D. Potential application of the findings. 第三篇(2025全国Ⅱ卷) C When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants，she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened： She was flooded，shipping out 1，200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year，Detrinidad sent out more than 70，000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry. “Plants are in fashion right now，” says Dr. Melinda Knuth，a researcher from the University of Florida. “People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating，” she says. “Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol，the stress hormone (激素) in our body. “Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants，” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.” If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants，don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it. “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it，but if it dies，go get another one，” Detrinidad says. 28. How was Detrinidad’s business when it started？ A. It faced tough competition. B. It suffered a great loss. C. It got lots of financial support. D. It went surprisingly well. 29. What is one of Knuth’s findings about plants？ A. They appeal more to students. B. They purify the environment. C. They raise the cortisol level. D. They enhance productivity. 30. What does Detrinidad try to explain by mentioning doctors and lawyers？ A. The necessity of social skills. B. The meaning of sustainability. C. The importance of repeated efforts. D. The value of professional opinions. 31. What can be a suitable title for the text？ A. Time to Replace Houseplants B. Plants Boost Your Mood C. Tips on Choosing Houseplants D. Plants Brighten Your Home 第四篇(2025全国Ⅱ卷) D Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food？ Mine does. Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa，where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time. Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant，supermarket，and supply chain industries. From technological solutions to educational campaigns，food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we’re already growing. But last month，one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way： It changed its menu to exclusively (专门) offer food that would otherwise be thrown away. For two weeks in March，Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED，and served items like fried skate cartilage，a juice pulp burger，and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every$1，000 in revenue (收入)，and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. Up to 84.3% is simply thrown out. Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems，but wastED took the concept to its logical conclusion. It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead，all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs，fish collars，rejected sweet potatoes，and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and，with the help of a number of good chefs，turned into excellent cuisine. Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews，it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment； Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu. Nevertheless，it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability，and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything. 32. What can be inferred about the author’s early life？ A. He witnessed food shortage. B. He enjoyed the local cuisine. C. He donated food to Africans. D. He helped to cook at home. 33. Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment？ A. To customize dishes for guests. B. To make the public aware of food waste. C. To test a food processing method. D. To improve the UK’s zero-waste systems. 34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about？ A. Why the ingredients were used. B. Which dishes were best liked. C. What the dishes were made of. D. Where the ingredients were bought. 35. What can we learn about wastED？ A. It has ended as planned. B. It is creating new jobs. C. It has regained popularity. D. It is criticized by top chefs. 第五篇 (2024新高考Ⅰ卷) C Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper？ And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material？ The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors，including reduced concentration，an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more，learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text.  The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper，there is a literal laying on of hands，along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory，people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media，which are often not so serious，and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say，assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However，psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories，they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts，audio and video all have educational roles，especially when providing resources not available in print. However，for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for，educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same，even when they contain identical words. 28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean？ A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain. C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice. 29. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume？ A. Readers treat digital texts lightly. B. Digital texts are simpler to understand. C. People select digital texts randomly. D. Digital texts are suitable for social media. 30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers？ A. They can hold students’ attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare. C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text. 31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph？ A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. 第六篇(2024新高考Ⅰ卷) D In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct，researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today，most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos，videos，and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area，a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application，” said Barnabas Daru，who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本)，and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change，I wanted to know： Are they usable？” Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants，insects，birds，and animals，Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data，like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it，” said Daru. Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover，these data are biased and favor certain regions，time periods，and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity？ “Quite a lot，” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data，biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” 32. What do we know about the records of species collected now？ A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form. C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition. 33. What does Daru’s study focus on？ A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens. C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications. 34. What has led to the biases according to the study？ A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures. C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices. 35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps？ A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records. C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists. 第七篇 (2024新高考Ⅱ卷) C We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However，most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey，Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally，it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital，restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically，it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud，BMF is remotely monitored. Also，there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated，it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil，the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest，users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover，having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition，there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office，they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste，carbon and chemicals in our environment，” said a BMF employee. 28. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1？ A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care. C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer’s markets. 29. What information does the convenient app offer？ A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants. C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods. 30. What can be concluded about BMF employees？ A. They have a great passion for sports. B. They are devoted to community service. C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D. They have a strong environmental awareness. 31. What does the text mainly talk about？ A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management. C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards. 第八篇 (2024新高考Ⅱ卷) D Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives，we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future，and this is where AI by Design： A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). In the wrong hands，such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but，thankfully，Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic，making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which，by the close，will make you feel almost as smart as AI.  As we soon come to learn from AI by Design，AI is already super-smart and will become more capable，moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there，Campbell says，will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now—several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence，or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking，followed by global regulation，will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. AI will affect us all，and if you only read one book on the subject，this is it. 32. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean？ A. If read by someone poorly educated. B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. C. If written by someone less competent. D. If translated by someone unacademic. 33. What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text？ A. It is packed with complex codes. B. It adopts a down-to-earth writing style. C. It provides step-by-step instructions. D. It is intended for AI professionals. 34. What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development？ A. Observe existing regulations on it. B. Reconsider expert opinions about it. C. Make joint efforts to keep it under control. D. Learn from prior experience to slow it down. 35. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text？ A. To recommend a book on AI. B. To give a brief account of AI history. C. To clarify the definition of AI. D. To honor an outstanding AI expert. 第九篇 (2024全国甲卷) C The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers—it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days，and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural (乡村) populations with basic medical care，X-ray scans and prescriptions. “People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning，” says Emile Ducke，a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions (区域) of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia. Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem，particularly in the poorer，rural areas east of the Volga River，including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year，the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks，before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits. Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned，” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ” 28. How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains？ A. It runs across countries. B. It reserves seats for the seniors. C. It functions as a hospital. D. It travels along a river. 29. What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk？ A. It is heavily populated. B. It offers training for doctors. C. It is a modern city. D. It needs medical aid. 30. How long can the Saint Lukas work with one supply？ A. About a year. B. About ten months. C. About two months. D. About two weeks. 31. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services？ A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful. C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious. 第十篇 (2024全国甲卷) D “I didn’t like the ending，” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate，and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot，and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie，with all his patience，asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not. He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters，endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally positive outcome. Of course，I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver，but the ending they got did make the most sense for them. This was an aha moment for me，and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on，if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy，I’d pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn’t guess，I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen，historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier. But writing the end—that’s hard. It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable，but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere，one that fits what’s right for the characters. That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories，Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work. This issue won’t tell you what your ending should be—that’s up to you and the story you’re telling—but it might provide what you need to get there. 32. Why did the author go to Prof. Gracie？ A. To discuss a novel. B. To submit a book report. C. To argue for a writer. D. To ask for a reading list. 33. What did the author realize after seeing Gracie？ A. Writing is a matter of personal preferences. B. Readers are often carried away by character. C. Each type of literature has its unique ending. D. A story which begins well will end well. 34. What is expected of a good ending？ A. It satisfies readers’ taste. B. It fits with the story development. C. It is usually positive. D. It is open for imagination. 35. Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims？ A. To give examples of great novelists. B. To stress the theme of this issue. C. To encourage writing for the magazine. D. To recommend their new books. 第十六章　语法填空 第一篇(2025全国Ⅰ卷) 56. which　57. the　58. to present　59. guidance 60. are revealed　61. tries　62. by　63. strategic/strategical　64. and　65. digitally 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了上海久事美术馆举办的一场以围棋主题的艺术展览。 56. 考查定语从句。句意：上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览，展出的艺术品灵感来自围棋(英文称为“Go”)，它起源于4 000多年前的中国。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词为Go，指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 57. 考查冠词。句意：围棋是最早的基于二元的棋类游戏之一。形容词最高级前用定冠词the。故填the。 58. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们希望在一个视觉环境中呈现相当抽象的围棋游戏和人工智能，并与极简主义艺术、观念艺术和表现主义展开对话。本句谓语为hope，此处为非谓语动词，hope to do sth.“希望做某事”，所以此处需用动词present“呈现”的不定式，作宾语。故填to present。 59. 考查名词。句意：你试图引导对手进入你的陷阱，迫使他们跟随你的“引导”直到他们落败。此处作follow的宾语，用名词guidance“引导”，不可数名词。故填guidance。 60. 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：她补充说：“棋手的个性在对弈过程中显露出来，一个人的弱点会暴露给对手。”本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The players’ personalities与动词reveal“揭示，显示”为被动关系，所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are revealed。 61. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：一个有风度的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两目的优势击败对手，以表示对对手的尊重。根据always可知，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语a decent winner为第三人称单数，所以谓语需用try“尽力”的第三人称单数tries。故填tries。 62. 考查介词。句意同上。“by+具体数值”表示“以(某一差值)”，此处指“以一两目的优势”，符合语境。故填by。 63. 考查形容词。句意：屠宁宁说，黑白棋子之间的平衡，棋子在策略布局上的美感，以及每一步棋所蕴含的能量流动，都激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成的图片和丝网印刷品。此处修饰名词placement，需用形容词strategic或者strategical“战略性的，策略的”，作定语。故填strategic/strategical。 64. 考查连词。句意同上。the balance between the black and white pieces， the beauty in the…placement of the pieces和the energy flow following each move三者为并列关系，作并列主语，所以空处需用连词and。故填and。 65. 考查副词。句意同上。此处修饰形容词generated，需用副词digitally“数字地”，作状语。故填digitally。 第二篇(2025全国Ⅱ卷) 56. where　57. central　58. for　59. and　60. myself　61. is 62. to discover　63. absence　64. afternoons　65. left 　　【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从美国到中国浙江农村生活的经历与感受。 56. 考查定语从句。句意：然而现在，我和我的中国丈夫以及他的家人住在中国浙江的农村，在那里山上野生竹子和茶树丛生，鸡总是自由放养的，而且没有集中供暖。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the countryside of Zhejiang，China，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 57. 考查形容词。句意同上。本空修饰名词heating，应用形容词central“中央的，中心的”，作定语。故填central。 58. 考查介词。句意：我以前的生活经历没有为我准备好迎接好这一步——可以肯定的是，我第一次来到这里时，从未想过我会在这个地方感到舒适。prepare sb. for…“使某人为……做好准备”，固定搭配。故填for。 59. 考查连词。句意：但令人惊讶的是，你有适应并在新环境中学习的方式。adapt和learn是并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。 60. 考查反身代词。句意：随着时间的推移，我发现自己在这里很有宾至如归的感觉。本空指代主语I，表示“我自己”，应用反身代词myself。故填myself。 61. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：晒过的衣服散发出的“阳光香味道”就是其中之一。本句描述的是一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is。 62. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在我的成长过程中，我的家人和邻居从不使用晾衣绳晾晒衣物，这让我没有机会发现阳光的一个奇妙之处——将衣服晒了一整天后散发出的甜美的“阳光香味”。本句已有谓语used，此处应用非谓语动词， the chance to do sth.“做某事的机会”，本空用discover的不定式，作定语。故填to discover。 63. 查名词。句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，和很多空气新鲜的晴朗下午。本空作thanks to的宾语，应用名词absence“缺乏，没有”，不可数名词。故填absence。 64. 考查名词的数。句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾、天气湛蓝、带有新鲜空气的晴朗下午。afternoon“下午”是可数名词，此处指不止一个下午，应用复数形式afternoons。故填afternoons。 65. 考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你从未体验过在阳光下晾晒了一整天的床单或衬衫散发出的“阳光香味”，那么你就错过了生活中的一大奇迹。本从句已有谓语have experienced，此处应用非谓语动词，a sheet or shirt和leave“留下”之间是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填left。 第三篇(2024新高考Ⅰ卷) 56. engineering　57. functional　58. to give　59. closed 60. walks　61. the　62. favourites　63. as　64. which/that　65. richness 　　【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Heatherwick工作室最近公布的一个新项目——一个位于国家信托基金会伍尔贝丁花园边缘的动态温室，并详细描述了该温室的设计、功能以及它如何与丝绸之路的历史和丝绸之路花园相结合。 56.考查名词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。根据句意可知，空处考查短语engineering techniques，意为“工程技术”，符合句意。故填engineering。 57.考查形容词。句意同上题。空处修饰名词structure，应用形容词作定语，functional符合题意。故填functional。 58.考查非谓语动词。句意：温室在温暖的日子里开放，利用液压系统为内部植物提供阳光和通风。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to give。 59.考查形容词。句意：在寒冷的天气里，这个结构保持关闭，以保护亚热带植物。空处用于stays之后作表语，应用形容词closed，表示“紧闭的”。故填closed。 60.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程，该旅程第一次为英国带来了丝绸和许多植物。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。 61.考查冠词。句意同上题。固定搭配：for the first time，意为“第一次”，符合句意。故填the。 62.考查名词的数。句意：这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favourite是可数名词，意为“特别受喜爱的东西”，根据空后such as rosemary， lavender and fennel可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favourites。 63.考查介词。句意：这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头，将中国西南的植物容纳其中，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。根据句意可知，空处指的是“作为”，应用介词as。故填as。 64.考查定语从句。句意同上题。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 65.考查名词。句意同第63题。冠词修饰名词，应用名词形式richness，作介词of的宾语。故填richness。 第四篇(2024新高考Ⅱ卷) 56. who　57. themes　58. were　59. to　60. inspired 61. was built　62. visibility　63. to find　64. Recalling 65. and 　　【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国明代戏曲家汤显祖与英国戏剧家莎士比亚之间的联系和共同点，并展示了这种联系如何被纪念和展示在莎士比亚的故乡斯特拉特福德，且说明了这种联系对于提高斯特拉特福德国际知名度的重要性。 56. 考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。 57.考查名词的数。句意：莎士比亚故居信托基金会的研究主管Paul Edmondson说，尽管他们从未见过面，但他们的作品中都有共同的主题。本句为there be句型，为倒装句，根据谓语动词are可判断，本句主语为名词的复数形式。故填themes。 58.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为Some of the things，复数。故填were。 59.考查固定短语。句意同上题。固定短语：be similar to，意为“和……相似”，符合句意。故填to。 60.考查非谓语动词。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词a six-meter-tall pavilion和动词inspire之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填inspired。 61.考查时态和语态。句意同上题。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语Two years later可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为a six-meter-tall pavilion，单数，和动词build之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。 62.考查名词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。形容词international后接名词形式，visibility“知名度”为不可数名词作宾语。故填visibility。 63.考查非谓语动词。句意同上题。非谓语动词担当形容词amazed后的原因状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to find。 64.考查非谓语动词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”非谓语动词担当状语，主语Edmondson和动词recall之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式担当状语；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Recalling。 65.考查连词。句意同上题。空前hear the Chinese language和空后see how Tang’s play was being performed为并列结构，用and连接。故填and。 第五篇(2024全国甲卷) 61. to catch　62. treasures　63. what　64. were　65. be done　66. its　67. for　68. completion　69. largest　70. which 　　【解析】本文是说明文。文章讲述了美国国家公园的由来，即四个男人发现了一处非常美的自然风景区，决定好好保护它以供后人欣赏，并为此做出了许多努力。 61.考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管各级都有各种规模和类型的公园，但国家公园尤其吸引我们的注意，因为它们体积大，种类繁多。固定搭配：tend to do sth.，表示“倾向于做某事”，不定式作宾语，故填to catch。 62.考查名词。句意：它们是美国传统的瑰宝。treasure表示“宝藏”，为可数名词，结合前文they are，应用复数形式，故填treasures。 63.考查宾语从句。句意：1870年9月中旬，在一个凉爽、繁星点点的夜晚，四个男人在火洞河边的营火前放松，这里现在是怀俄明州的西北部。后文为介词in的宾语，is前缺主语，指物，主语用what引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语，故填what。 64.考查时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。 65.考查被动语态。句意：对于这样一个美丽的地方，我们应该做些什么呢？主语what指物，与谓语动词do是被动关系，情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态，故填be done。 66.考查代词。句意：这个地区拥有独特的、令人惊叹的自然美景，必须作为国家公园保护好，为了让所有国人都能享受。修饰名词beauty用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。 67.考查介词。句意同上题。介词for表目的，表示“为了让所有国人都能享受”。 故填for。 68. 考查名词。句意：他们都同意了，并发誓要在旅行结束后推广这个想法。冠词修饰名词，本空应填名词作宾语，complete名词形式为completion，不可数，故填completion。 69. 考查形容词最高级。句意：黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园，占地220万英亩，直到1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积作为国家公园获得这项荣誉。本空前有the，为形容词最高级标志词，结合下文“1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积获得国家公园的荣誉”可知，用large的最高级largest作定语，故填largest。 70.考查定语从句。句意同上题。本空所在分句为定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，从句中作主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句，故填which。 第六篇(2023新高考Ⅰ卷) 56. tasty　57. to bite　58. or　59. recognized　60. by 61. to be lifted　62. their　63. a　64. rarely　65. wanting 　　【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国美食——小笼包，讲述了小笼包的美味、发源地以及制作方法等等。 56. 考查形容词。句意：小笼包(汤包)，那些精致的饺子皮，包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉，是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤)，故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语，故填tasty。 57. 考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth. “决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语，空处与后面to put并列作宾语，故填to bite。 58. 考查连词。句意同上题。whether…or…“是……还是……”，固定搭配，故填or。 59. 考查非谓语动词。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home前面作定语，recognize与home是逻辑上的动宾关系，需填过去分词recognized作定语，recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语，故填recognized。 60. 考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多汤包，更少的汤，包子皮是用手压的，而不是擀出来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配，故填by。 61. 考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth. “允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift out与宾语them(指代小笼包)是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式，故填to be lifted。 62. 考查代词。句意同上题。修饰后面的名词contents“东西”需用形容词性物主代词，故填their。 63. 考查冠词。句意：肉应该是新鲜的，有一点甜味，汤应该是热的，清澈的，美味的。a touch of “一点点；稍许”，为常用搭配，touch“轻微；稍许”常用作单数，故填a。 64. 考查副词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。修饰形容词用副词作状语，rarely“少有”，故填rarely。 65. 考查非谓语动词。句意同上题。分析句子可知，此处考查“leave sb. +宾语补足语”，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，根据句意，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词形式，故填wanting。 第七篇(2023新高考Ⅱ卷) 56. arrival　57. confident　58. with　59. the　60. visiting　61. interviews　62. why　63. Basically　64. and　65. wished 　　【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在柏林动物园教英语，大家都很疑惑，作者对此做出了解答。 56. 考查名词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，空后是介词，所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语，arrive的名词形式是arrival，不可数名词。故填arrival。 57. 考查形容词。句意同上题。分析句子结构可知，空处和前文的comfortable并列，作并列表语，应用形容词形式，confidence的形容词形式是confident。故填confident。 58. 考查介词。句意：他们和谁说英语？分析句子结构可知，这道题的语序可以看成they speak English…who，句子中有主语they，speak后有宾语，而who缺少一个介词，who作介词的宾语，又根据句意可推知，此处强调双向交流，应用固定搭配：speak with sb. 意为“与某人交谈”。故填with。 59. 考查冠词。句意：不是熊猫，尽管医学训练指导使用的语言实际上是英语。分析句子结构可知，此处特指用于医学训练指导使用的语言，表特指，应用定冠词修饰。故填the。 60. 考查形容词。句意：他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈，这些管理员经常来检查从中国租借来的大熊猫。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语；visit对应的形容词为visiting“来访的”。故填visiting。 61. 考查名词的数。句意：他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。分析句子结构可知，空前是动词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，interview意为“采访”，为可数名词，不止一段采访，应用复数形式。故填interviews。 62. 考查表语从句。句意：这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用连接副词连接，前文提到需要培训师的原因，此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意，应用why引导表语从句。故填why。 63. 考查副词。句意：基本上，是如何描述熊猫的生活。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后整个句子，应该用副词修饰，basic的副词形式是basically位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Basically。 64. 考查连词。句意：我很荣幸能看到熊猫项目的发展，看到熊猫们在新家安顿下来。分析句子结构可知，to watch the panda programme develop和to see the pandas settle into their new home两者是并列关系，应该用and连接。故填and。 65. 考查动词时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，wish和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。 第八篇(2023全国甲卷) 61. to teach　62. sixth　63. as　64. where　65. borrowing　66. intended　67. Different　68. for　69. warning　70. be employed 　　【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。 61. 考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。 62. 考查数词。句意：寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分，而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。 63. 考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限制性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。 64. 考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活。”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为a town，在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 65. 考查非谓语动词。句意同上题。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。 66. 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的重要信息。be intended for“打算为……所用”，空处在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。 67. 考查形容词。句意：与传统寓言不同，卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。be different from“与……不同”，所以用形容词作状语。故填Different。 68. 考查介词。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。take responsibility for“对……负责”。故填for。 69. 考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。 70. 考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的文字形式已经流传了几个世纪，今天仍然可以用来引起人们对重要真理的注意。从句主语a simple literal form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。 第九篇(2023全国乙卷) 61. to　62. built　63. which/that　64. wonders 65. yet/but　66. Having visited　67. was amazed 68. recording　69. remarkable　70. means 　　【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京这座城市的古老建筑和现代化发展之间的独特结合，同时探讨了城市如何在不断发展的同时保护其丰富的遗产。作者作为一名摄影师，记录了这座城市的变化，并表示将来还会继续拍摄北京的风貌。 61. 考查介词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿，它拥有3 000多年的辉煌历史，甚至从它的布局来看，这座城市一直保持着精心建造的环城道路系统。根据上文的“From Buddhist temples to museums”可知，空处和上文保持一致，表示“从……到……”，用介词to。故填to。 62. 考查非谓语动词。句意同上题。这里为非谓语动词担当定语，表示“精心建造的……”，和被修饰词system of ring roads之间为被动关系，用过去分词。故填built。 63. 考查定语从句。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为a place，在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。 64. 考查名词。句意同上题。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式；根据下文的historical buildings of the past可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填wonders。 65. 考查连词。句意：但不知何故，这两个截然不同的世界却很好地结合在了一起。空前It is a distinct visual contrast that shouldn’t work和空后somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination之间存在转折关系，用but或yet。故填yet/but。 66. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语I之间为主动关系；根据时间状语over the last 10 years可知，用完成时态，由此推断，空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Having visited。 67. 考查时态和语态。句意同上题。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage while constantly growing可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。 68. 考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名摄影师，我花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。spend time (in) doing sth.意为“花费时间做某事”。这里为非谓语动词担当宾语，用动名词形式。故填recording。 69. 考查形容词。句意：这个城市的显著发展，是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界，这意味着这里总是有新的东西可以发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词修饰名词性短语development of this city。故填remarkable。 70. 考查时态。句意同上题。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为development，单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填means。 第十篇(2022新高考Ⅰ卷) 56. Covering　57. the　58. were　59. to increase 60. is designed　61. and　62. populations 63. eventually　64. as　65. that 　　【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国政府决定建立大熊猫国家公园(GPNP)的计划。 56. 考查非谓语动词。句意：大熊猫国家公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。设空处在句中作非谓语，cover和句子的逻辑主语GPNP为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词的形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Covering。 57. 考查冠词。句意同上题。本句的结构为：倍数+ the size of +比较对象。故填the。 58. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语。根据previously(之前地)可知，从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语为复数，从句谓语也应为复数形式。故填were。 59. 考查非谓语动词。句意同上题。设空处在句中作非谓语，是目的状语，应用动词的不定式形式。故填to increase。 60. 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语也应为单数形式。故填is designed。 61. 考查连词。句意同上题。设空处前后为并列关系，应用and。故填and。 62. 考查名词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population“种群”的复数的形式。故填populations。 63. 考查副词。句意同上题。设空处后为动词achieve，设空处应用副词eventually作状语，修饰动词achieve。故填eventually。 64. 考查介词。句意：大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色，为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。固定短语：serve as(充当)。故填as。 65. 考查定语从句关系词。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词为all the species，指物，且被all修饰只能用关系代词that。故填that。 第十一篇(2022新高考Ⅱ卷) 56. falling　57. The　58. asleep　59. to see 60. accidentally　61. and　62. was fixing　63. threw 64. son’s　65. how 　　【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述的是正在修车的Henry拯救了挂在六楼公寓的阳台上即将要掉下来的小孩Eric的故事。 56. 考查非谓语动词。句意：当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时，他跑了100米，跳过了1.2米高的栅栏，伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的held out为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意，fall为动词，意为“掉落”，child和fall之间是主动关系，同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。 57. 考查冠词。句意：Brown一家住在多伦多郊外的一栋公寓楼里。根据句子结构，设空处要填写冠词与Brown family 构成名词短语作主语。the+姓氏，意为“某某一家人”，the符合句意。同时该单词置于句首，首字母应该大写。故填The。 58. 考查形容词。句意：他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写形容词作表语。sleep为动词，意为“睡觉”，其形容词为asleep。fall asleep为固定搭配，意为“熟睡的”，asleep符合句意。故填asleep。 59. 考查非谓语动词。句意：他把一把椅子推到阳台上，爬上去看他们。句中的climbed up为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意，他要爬到阳台去看他们(外面玩闹的孩子们)，故应该使用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to see。 60. 考查副词。句意：当他往下看时，不小心滑了一跤，从阳台边上掉了下去。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词，意为“意外的，失误的”，其副词为accidentally，意为“意外地，失误地”，符合句意。故填accidentally。 61. 考查连词。句意：他坚持了几分钟，尖叫喊着他的父亲，但他的父亲没有听见。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写连词，连接hung和screamed两个动作。根据句意，此处表示并列关系。故填and。 62. 考查动词。句意：听到尖叫声时，Henry正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams，可知，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。 63. 考查动词时态。句意：他迅速把工具扔到一边，伸出胳膊跑了起来。根据句子结构，设空处与空后的and started构成并列结构，故应该使用一般过去时。throw为动词，意为“扔”，过去式为threw。故填threw。 64. 考查名词所有格。句意：“他拯救了我儿子的生命。”布朗夫人说。根据句意，life与提示词son之间是所属关系，故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。 65. 考查特殊疑问词。句意：我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构，设空处填写的是特殊疑问词，其与to do不定式结构结合构成宾语。根据句意，how意为“如何”，符合句意。故填how。 第十二篇(2022全国甲卷) 61. to journey　62. who　63. held　64. A 65. protection　66. meaningful　67. has walked 68. highest　69. from　70. planning 　　【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是一个失明的北京男子Cao Shengkang徒步旅行“一带一路”的事情。 61. 考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句意可知，journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to journey。 62. 考查定语从句。句意：在1 100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子Cao Shengkang穿过了3个省的40个城市和县。分析句意可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 63. 考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，Cao决定徒步穿越这条路线，以向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句子可知，本句已有谓语动词decided，所以hold应用非谓语动词形式，hold与cooperation之间为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，表被动。故填held。 64. 考查冠词。句意：他的一位朋友Wu Fan自愿成为他旅行中的同伴。根据句意可知，此处泛指“他的一个朋友”，应用不定冠词，friend以辅音音素开头，应用a，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填A。 65. 考查名词。句意：Cao和Wu还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知，此处应用名词protection，作宾语，protection表示“保护”时，是不可数名词。故填protection。 66. 考查形容词。句意：Cao认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构，应用形容词meaningful，作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。 67. 考查动词时态。句意：在过去的5年中，Cao穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语In the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。 68. 考查形容词最高级。句意同上题。根据空前Africa’s可知，此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉，应用形容词最高级。故填highest。 69. 考查介词。句意：9月20日，他从4 700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意和Xi’an to Kashgar 可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”，应用介词from，固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。 70. 考查非谓语动词。句意同上题。分析句子可知，已有谓语动词flew，所以动词plan(计划)应用非谓语动词形式，plan与主语He之间为逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动。故填planning。 第十三篇(2022全国乙卷) 61. by　62. the　63. addressed　64. largest 65. responsibility　66. shared　67. and 68. To strengthen　69. inviting　70. its 　　【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为了庆祝第一个国际茶日，中国商会博物馆所举办的一系列活动。 61. 考查介词。句意：2019年11月27日，联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知，此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动，使用固定结构“be+过去分词+by”。故填by。 62. 考查冠词。句意：为了庆祝这一节日，周四在北京的中国商会博物馆举行了一系列活动。特指International Tea Day这一节日，所以用定冠词the。故填the。 63. 考查动词时态。句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时。故填addressed。 64. 考查形容词最高级。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大的产茶国，所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。 65. 考查名词。句意同上题。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。 66. 考查非谓语动词。句意：“它有助于构建人类命运共同体。”他说。此处为非谓语动词作定语来修饰名词future。非谓语动词share和名词future之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填shared。 67. 考查连词。句意：仪式上发布的“首个国际茶日万里茶道合作倡议”呼吁茶业人士团结起来，促进国际合作和文化交流。名词international cooperation和cultural exchanges为并列成分，作动词promote的宾语。故填and。 68. 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。 69. 考查非谓语动词。句意同上题。此处为非谓语动词，逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填inviting。 70. 考查代词。句意：在开幕式上，中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌，开启了它的第一个展览：大道遗真——普洱茶专题展。名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词。故填its。 第十四篇(2021新高考Ⅰ卷) 56. What　57. humans　58. undoubtedly　59. hotter 60. astonished　61. was　62. and　63. aching 64. mine　65. a 　　【解析】本文是一篇说明文。去游览黄山让作者想起了披头士乐队的流行歌曲《蜿蜓长路》。如果到中国，黄山是必游之地。 56. 考查名词性从句。主语从句中缺主语，用what，what相当于the thing that。位于句首，应大写。故填What。 57. 考查名词。与主语we是同位语，所以用复数。 58. 考查副词。修饰动词help，用副词形式。故填undoubtedly。 59. 考查形容词。此处相当于“the more…，the more…”结构，意为“越……，越……”。前面用的是the colder，所以此处用the hotter。 60. 考查非谓语动词。此处修饰人，作宾补，表示“感到震惊的”，用过去分词 astonished。 61. 考查主谓一致和动词时态。主语是第三人称单数it，时间状语是then，所以用was。 62. 考查连词。空格后的动词offers与前面的动词highlights 构成并列关系，所以用and。误解分析： 易误填写that/which，认为是定语从句。 63. 考查非谓语动词。修饰legs用现在分词aching，表示主动和进行的动作。 64. 考查代词。此处填名词性物主代词，用mine代替my memory。 65. 考查冠词。must有“必须去的地方”之意，为可数名词，a must意为“一处必须去的地方”。故填a。 第十五篇(2021新高考Ⅱ卷) 56. seventh　57. thinking　58. to educate 59. which/that　60. and　61. harmful 62. excited　63. was　64. representative　65. from 　　【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章作者讲述了自己为保护海洋，减少塑料垃圾所做出的努力。 56. 考查序数词。句意：七年级的时候，我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。表示“七年级” 用序数词，所以填seventh。 57. 考查非谓语动词。句意：当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾，以为那是食物时，我很难过。分析句子结构，　　　　(think)it is food用作状语，think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系，用现在分词，所以填thinking。  58. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构，　　　　(educate)people about this problem用作目的状语，用不定式，所以填to educate。  59. 考查定语从句。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构，　　　　 used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a company，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which/that引导该从句，所以填which/that。  60. 考查连词。句意：我找到了这家公司的联系方式，并给公司总裁发了电子邮件。found和emailed之间是并列关系，用and连接两个并列的谓语动词，所以填and。 61. 考查形容词。句意：我告诉他塑料对环境的危害，并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为how引导的感叹句，how之后接形容词，所以填harmful。 62. 考查形容词。句意：当他给我回信时，我很兴奋。该空作was之后的表语，用形容词，修饰人，用v.+ed形式的形容词，所以填excited。 63. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。根据定语从句的谓语动词wrote 可知，这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；“one of+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。 64. 考查名词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1 200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语，用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数，所以填representative。 65. 考查介词。句意同上。from sth. to sth.从……到……，所以填from。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $