第10章 第1节 关系代词和“介词+关系代词”-【高考零起点】2026年新高考英语总复习学用Word（艺考）

该高中英语高考复习学案系统梳理了定语从句核心考点，涵盖关系代词（that、which等）、“介词+关系代词”结构、that的特殊用法及限制性与非限制性定语从句区别，通过表格对比、例句解析构建知识网络，以填空练习、情境任务引导学生自主推导用法规律，体现考点梳理的系统性与层次性。 亮点在于自主诊断与方法指导结合，开篇设置关系代词填空等自测题，“介词+关系代词”部分通过动词搭配、先行词特征等原则指导，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。巩固练习分基础与综合层次，学生可自我评估薄弱点，教师能依据练习反馈精准教学，助力个性化复习与因材施教。

第十章　定语从句 第一节　关系代词和“介词+关系代词” 当我们用一个形容词来修饰名词或代词的时候，我们把这个形容词称为那个名词或代词的定语。然而，在实际运用中，用一个形容词来修饰名词或代词往往不能完整地表达句意。要完整地表达句意，用一个句子来修饰那个名词或代词更佳，于是便产生了定语从句。 在英语中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句，称为定语从句。 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句在先行词之后(名词/代词+定语从句)。 连接先行词和定语从句的词称为关系代词或者关系副词。 I can lend you a book which tells lots of things about Spain. (先行词是a book，关系代词是which)  我能借给你一本讲了许多关于西班牙的事情的书。 The man who lives next to us is a policeman. (先行词是The man，关系代词是who)  住在我们隔壁的人是一位警察。 The room whose window faces south is for my grandparents. (先行词是The room，关系代词是whose)  窗户朝南的房间是给我祖父母住的。 I still remember those years when I lived in the country. (先行词是those years，关系副词是when)  我仍然记得我住在乡下的那些岁月。 Is this the reason why he refused our offer？(先行词是the reason，关系副词是why)  这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 一、关系代词 引导定语从句的关系代词包括 that，which，who，whom，whose，as。 关系代词有三个作用： 1. 连接主句和从句； 2. 指代被修饰的先行词(这就是“关系代词”的由来)； 3. 在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，且与先行词保持数的一致。如： 关系代词 代替功能 在从句中充当的成分 例句 who 代替人 主语 This is the boy who won first prize yesterday. 宾语 This is the boy who I met yesterday. whom 代替人 宾语 This is the man whom I met yesterday. that 代替人 主语 The man that is playing the piano now is a music teacher. 宾语 Is this the man that you met yesterday？ 表语 She is no longer the girl that she used to be. 代替物 主语 The work that has been finished is very important. 宾语 The train that he took was late for an hour. which 代替物 主语 The book which is about London costs 20 yuan. 宾语 The book which I bought yesterday cost 20 yuan. whose 代替人 定语 The girl whose name is Mary is the top student in our class. 代替物 定语 The book whose cover is red is about London. as 代替人 主语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us. 代替物 宾语 This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 　　当先行词被such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as。 关系代词在从句中充当宾语时通常可以省略(但whom作介词宾语时不可省略)。如： This is the boy (whom) I met yesterday.  ◆用适当的关系代词填空。 1. The man 　　　　you met just now is my old friend.  2. This is the factory 　　　　I visited last year.  3. Let me show you the novel 　　　　I borrowed from the library.  4. Have you seen the film Titanic，　　　　leading actor is world-famous？  5. He is not such a fool 　　　　he looks.  6. Look out! Don’t get too close to the house 　　　　roof is under repair.  【答案】 1. who/whom/that/不填 2. which/that/不填　3. which/that/不填　4. whose　5. as　6. whose 二、介词+关系代词(which/whom) 当关系代词用作介词的宾语时，我们可以把介词移到关系代词前面，构成“介词+which/whom”的结构来引导定语从句。如： (1)The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. = The school in which he once studied is very famous.  (2)We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about. = We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.  1. 介词的选用原则 A. 依据定语从句中动词的某种习惯搭配确定 Mr. Smith bought a new house 　　　　which he spent all his money.  (on，spend some money on sth. ) This is the book 　　　　which he paid 8 dollars.  (for，pay some money for sth. ) B. 依据先行词的某种习惯搭配确定 I still remember the day 　　　　which I joined the army.  (on，强调具体某一天用on，I joined the army on the day) I still remember the days 　　　　which I lived there.  (during，强调某几天内用during，I lived there during the days) C. 根据所表达的意思确定 The gas 　　　　which we cannot live is called oxygen.  (without，without the gas，we cannot…) ◆用适当的介词填空。 1. Who is the man 　　　　whom you shook hands？  2. He works in a factory，　　　　which there is a river.  3. Give me the book，the cover 　　　which is red.  4. This is the neighbor 　　　　whom I borrowed the bicycle.  5. The chair 　　　　which he is sitting is made of wood.  6. The car 　　　　which he paid 210，000 yuan is made in Shanghai.  7. Wang Hong，　　　　whom I went to the party yesterday，enjoyed herself very much.  8. Tom，　　　　whom the window was broken，has been criticized by his teacher.  【答案】 1. with　2. near/beside　3. of 4. from　5. on　6. for　7. with　8. by 2. 注意事项 “介词+关系代词”前可有some，any，none，both，all，neither，most，each，few等代词、数词或名词。 (1)He loved his parents deeply，both of whom are very kind to him.  (2)There are forty students in our class in all，most of whom are from big cities.  (3)The boat，the name of which is Topsail，is famous.  (4)I bought many books yesterday，three of which are written by Lu Xun.  三、关系代词that使用的特殊情况 先行词指人或物时，需用关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语时，只能用that的情况： ① 不定代词+that： 如果先行词是all，much，anything，something，nothing，everything，little，none，few等不定代词或被 all，little，none，any，only，few，much，no，some，very等词修饰时，只能用that。如： Everything that we saw was interesting. All the people that are present burst into tears. 【填空】 I refuse to accept the blame for something 　　　　was someone else’s fault.  【答案】 that　先行词为不定代词something，关系代词that在定语从句中作主语。 ② the+序数词/形容词最高级： 如果先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或者先行词是最高级时，只能用that。如： This is the first factory that I visited.  This is the best film that I have ever seen.  ③ the+only/very/last： 如果先行词被the only，the very，the last修饰时，只能用that。如： He was the only person in the office that was invited to the ball.  ④ 先行词指人又指物时，只能用that。 The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.  He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.  ⑤ 关系代词作表语时，关系代词只能用that。 He is not the man that he used to be. China isn’t the country that it used to be. 四、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 1. 限制性定语从句中间无逗号隔开，非限制性定语从句中间有逗号隔开。 2. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的翻译不同。 限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切，翻译时放在先行词之前，而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系没那么密切，通常翻译成一个分句，对先行词进行补充说明。 如： The boy who is standing in front of the building is my brother. 正站在楼前面的那个男孩是我弟弟/哥哥。 The boy，who is standing in front of the building，is my brother. 那个男孩是我弟弟/哥哥，他正站在楼前。 The old man has a son who is in the army. 这个老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。 The old man has a son，who is in the army. 这个老人有一个儿子，他儿子在部队工作。 3. 非限制性定语从句中不能用that引导。 例1　Students mustn’t smoke in the school，　　　　is a rule of a school.  【答案】 which 【解析】 which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，从句中明显缺主语，而非限制性定语从句中不能用that。 4. 引导非限制性定语从句的which 与 as。 二者作关系代词引导定语从句时，其先行词既可是整个句子，也可是部分成分，二者在从句中常充当主语或宾语。二者的主要区别如下： (1)as引导的从句可位于句首、句中或句末，并有逗号和主句隔开； 而which引导的从句只能置于主句之后。如： Have you ever visited the Great Wall，which attracts thousands of tourists each year？  As everybody knows，Shakespeare is a famous writer.  I am very interested in，as you know，classical music.  He is late for the meeting，as is often the case.  (2)as 有“正如……”“正像……”之意，而which没有。如： As we know/As is known to all/As we all can see众所周知 As is often the case情况常常是这样 As might be imagined可以想象得到 As might be expected正如所预料的那样 As has been pointed out正如所指出的那样 As has been said before/above正如前文所述 As (it) often happens 像往常一样 例2　　　　　 is known to us all，it is important to get along with people around us.  【答案】 As 【解析】 句意：众所周知，与我们周围的人相处是很重要的。as引导非限制性定语从句，位于句首。 一、用适当的关系词或“介词+关系代词”填空。 1. Do you know the man 　　　　is talking with your mother？  2. The book 　　　　I gave you was worth $10.   3. The boy 　　　　she loved died in the war.   4. A plane is a machine 　　　　can fly.   5. A child 　　　　parents are dead is called an orphan.   6. I like those books 　　　　topics are about history.   7. The poor man has no house 　　　　he can live.   8. The beggar has no money 　　　　he can buy food.   9. Whenever I met her，　　　　was fairly often，she greeted me with a sweet smile.   10. 　　　　is known to us，the earth goes around the sun.   11. The film 　　　　we saw last night is very interesting.   12. Some people 　　　　are successful language learners often fail in other fields.   13. Children 　　　　diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.   14. The first place 　　　　they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.   15. They lived in a house 　　　　was built in 1800.   16. That is the new machine 　　　　parts are too small to be seen.   17. He is such a clever child 　　　　everyone likes.   18. He was educated at the local high school，　　　　he went on to Beijing University.  19. 　　　　is known to all，China has the largest population in the world.   20. He was late for school，　　　　was usual for him.   21. This is the last train 　　　　will go to Suzhou.  22. I like the second novel 　　　　I read in the summer holidays.   23. All the presents 　　　　your friends gave you on your birthday should be put away.  二、根据句意在空白处填入相应的“介词+关系代词”。 1. The clever boy made a hole in the wall，　　　　　he could see what was happening inside the house. 2. The age 　　　　children can go to school is six.   3. The woman，　　　　I learned the news，is a nurse.   4. The wolf 　　　　the sheep was killed was shot.   5. This is the reason 　　　　he was late.   6. The song，　　　　we are interested，will be broadcast tonight.   7. He is the hero 　　　　we are proud.   8. The stories about Lei Feng，　　　　this is one example，are well written.   9. The two things 　　　　Marx was not too sure were grammar and some idoms.   10. The table 　　　　my cat often lies while we are having meals is made of wood.  第十章　定语从句 第一节　关系代词和“介词+关系代词” 巩固练习 一、1. who/that　2. which/that　3. whom/who/that 4. that/which　5. whose　6. whose　7. in which/where 8. with which　9. which　10. As　11. that/which 12. who/that　13. whose　14. that　15. that/which 16. whose　17. as　18. after which　19. As　20. which/as 21. that　22. that　23. that 二、1. through which　2. at which　3. from whom 4. by which　5. for which　6. in which 7. of whom　8. of which　9. about/of which 10. near/under/beside/on which 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $