内容正文:
专题03 动词-ing形式(期中复习讲义)
内 容 导 航
考情透视·目标导航 透析期中考向,锚定备考重心
知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络,扫除知识盲区
知识点01 知识点02 知识点03 知识点04 知识点05
典例引领·即时检测 精析典型例题,强化解题能力
考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练,验收复习成效
考情透视·目标导航
核心考点
复习目标
考情规律
动词-ing形式的基本形式与句法功能(作主语、宾语、表语)
掌握动词- ing形式的基本构成,能准确判断其作主语、宾语、表语的用法,识别形式主语 it 的替代结构(少数情况)。
基础必考点,常结合语法填空考查,侧重基本形式和基础功能应用,动名词作主语为高频考向。
动词-ing形式的句法功能(作定语、状语、宾语补足语)
熟练掌握动词- ing形式作定语、状语、宾补的规则,能根据语境判断其逻辑关系和动作状态。
高频重难点,易因忽略逻辑主谓或动宾关系、动作进行状态导致错误,现在分词作状语为命题热点。
动词- ing形式的时态与语态(一般式、完成式)
理解动词- ing形式不同时态和语态的含义,能根据动作发生的时间和逻辑主被动关系选择正确形式。
命题趋势点,常融合在长难句理解和语法填空中,完成式的被动形式是易错点。
动词- ing形式的固定搭配
熟记接动名词作宾语的动词、动词短语,能在写作和答题中准确运用,区分接不定式和动名词的动词。
基础必考点,贯穿各类题型,侧重固定搭配的积累和语境辨析,是书面表达的提分点。
动词- ing形式的独立主格结构
掌握独立主格结构的构成和用法,能判断逻辑主语与动词- ing形式的关系,区分其与状语从句的差异。
高频拓展点,语法填空、短文改错中偶考,侧重结构识别和应用,难度中等。
知识梳理·方法技巧
知识点01 动词- ing形式的基本形式
动词- ing形式分为动名词和现在分词,二者形式一致,均由动词原形 + ing构成,其时态和语态变化如下(无进行式的语态变化):
形式
主动
被动
一般式
doing
being done
完成式
having done
having been done
核心规则
逻辑主语与动作是主动关系用主动形式,被动关系用被动形式;
动作先于谓语动词发生用完成式(having done/having been done),与谓语动词同时发生用一般式(doing/being done)。
一般式主动(表同时):
She is sitting by the window reading a book. 她正坐在窗边看书。
一般式被动(表同时被动):
The house being built now is a hospital. 正在建造的房子是一家医院。
完成式主动(表先于):
Having finished his homework, he went out to play. 完成作业后,他出去玩了。
完成式被动(表先于被动):
Having been told many times, he still made the same mistake. 被告诉了很多次,他还是犯了同样的错误。
否定形式:
Not knowing the way, she asked a policeman for help. 不认识路,她向警察求助。
知识点02动词- ing形式的句法功能(一):作主语、宾语、表语
作主语
动名词作主语,表抽象、习惯性的动作,谓语动词用单数;可用 it 作形式主语,将真正主语后置,常用结构:It is no use/good doing sth(做某事没用 / 没好处)。
Reading is a good habit. 阅读是一个好习惯。
It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。
作宾语
1. 接动名词作宾语的常见动词:enjoy, finish, practice, mind, miss, avoid, escape, risk, suggest, advise, keep, consider, stand, allow等。
He practices speaking English every morning. 他每天早上练习说英语。
2. 接动名词作宾语的常见短语:be used to, look forward to, pay attention to, devote oneself to, stick to, give up, feel like, can't help, put off 等。
I am looking forward to seeing you soon. 我期待着尽快见到你。
3. 介词后接动名词
介词 in/on/at/of/for/without 等后接动词,一律用 - ing 形式。
She left without saying goodbye. 她不辞而别。
作表语
动名词作表语,表主语的内容、抽象动作;现在分词作表语,表主语的性质、特征,常译作 “令人…… 的”。
His hobby is collecting stamps. 他的爱好是集邮。
The movie is very interesting. 这部电影非常有趣。
知识点03动词- ing形式的句法功能(二):作定语、状语、宾补
作定语
动名词作定语,表被修饰词的用途、功能,置于名词前;
现在分词作定语,表被修饰词的动作、状态(主动、进行),可置于名词前或后(短语后置)。
a reading room 阅览室
a running boy 正在跑步的男孩
the girl singing in the room 在房间里唱歌的女孩
作状语
现在分词作状语,其逻辑主语为句子的主语,可表时间、原因、方式、伴随、结果等,可与相应的状语从句转换;表结果时为自然的、顺理成章的结果(区别于不定式 only to do 表出乎意料的结果)。
Walking in the street, I met an old friend. 走在街上,我遇到了一位老朋友。
Being ill, he didn't go to school today. 因为生病了,他今天没去上学。
He sat there, reading a newspaper. 他坐在那里,看着报纸。
The fire spread quickly, burning the whole building. 火势迅速蔓延,烧毁了整栋大楼。
作宾补
感官动词(see, hear, watch, notice, feel)和使役动词(keep, leave, have)后接宾补,用 - ing 形式表示动作正在进行,逻辑宾语为动作的发出者(主动关系)。
I saw him playing basketball on the playground. 我看见他正在操场上打篮球。
Keep the fire burning. 让火一直烧着。
知识点04动词- ing形式的时态与语态
一般式(doing/being done)
动作与谓语动词同时发生或几乎同时发生,是最常用的形式。
She saw a boy playing football when she passed by. 她路过时看到一个男孩在踢足球。(doing,同时主动)
We attended a meeting being held in the hall. 我们参加了在大厅里正在举行的会议。(being done,同时被动)
完成式(having done/having been done)
动作先于谓语动词发生,常用作状语,表时间、原因。
Having lived in China for 10 years, he speaks Chinese very well. 在中国住了 10 年,他汉语说得很好。Having been praised by the teacher, he worked harder. 被老师表扬后,他学习更努力了。核心注意
动词- ing形式的完成式不能作定语,表 “先于谓语的被动动作” 作定语时,用过去分词。
错误:the bridge having been built last year
正确:the bridge built last year
知识点05动词- ing形式的固定搭配与独立主格结构
易混动词辨析(接不定式 / 动名词意义不同)
stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 /stop doing 停止做某事
forget to do 忘记要去做某事 /forget doing 忘记做过某事
remember to do 记得要去做某事 /remember doing 记得做过某事
try to do 努力去做某事 /try doing 尝试做某事
mean to do 打算做某事 /mean doing 意味着做某事
独立主格结构
当 - ing 形式的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时,需在 - ing 形式前加独立的逻辑主语,构成名词 / 代词 + doing的独立主格结构,作状语,表时间、原因、伴随等。
The weather being fine, we went for a picnic. 天气很好,我们去野餐了。
His homework having been finished, he watched TV. 他的作业完成后,他看了电视。
典例引领·即时检测
典例01
(2025·高一下学期·南京期中)______ (walk) after dinner is a good way to keep healthy.
即时检测
1. ______ (swim) in the river is dangerous in summer.
2. It is no good ______ (complain) about the problem; we need to solve it.
易|错|点|拨
1. 动名词作主语时,不可用动词原形或不定式(表抽象动作时),切勿混淆动名词和不定式的动作性质。
2. It is no use/good 后必须接动名词,切勿接不定式 to do。
3. 动名词作主语,谓语动词一律用单数形式,切勿根据后面的名词判断谓语单复数。
解|题|技|巧
1. 若句首需要填动词作主语,表抽象、习惯性动作用动名词 doing,表具体、一次性动作用不定式 to do。
2. 看到It is no use/good/fun的结构,直接填动名词 doing。
3. 验证:将动名词移至句末,用 it 作形式主语,句子语法完整、语义通顺,即为正确形式。
典例02
(2025·高一下学期·苏州期中)The teacher kept us ______ (read) English for half an hour this morning.
即时检测
1. The teacher kept us ______ (read) English for half an hour this morning.
2. I found a little boy ______ (cry) at the school gate on my way home.
易|错|点|拨
1. 感官动词、使役动词后,现在分词作宾补表动作正在进行,省略to的不定式作宾补表动作全过程,切勿混淆二者用法。
2. 现在分词作宾补时,逻辑宾语与动作是主动关系,切勿用被动形式 being done(除非表 “正在被做”)。
3. keep/leave/have 后接宾补,表“让动作持续进行”必须用 doing,切勿接不定式。
解|题|技|巧
1. 先判断动词类型:是否为感官动词(see/hear/watch 等)或使役动词(keep/leave/have 等)。
2. 再判断动作状态:表正在进行 / 持续进行用现在分词 doing,表全过程 / 完成用省略 to 的不定式。
3. 最后判断逻辑关系:逻辑宾语为动作发出者用主动 doing,为动作承受者且表正在被做用 being done。
典例03
(2025·高一下学期·无锡期中)______ (finish) his work, he went home happily.
即时检测
1. ______ (tell) many times, he still couldn't understand the rule.
2.______ (not receive) his letter, I wrote to him again last week.
易|错|点|拨
1. 现在分词的一般式 doing表动作与谓语同时发生,切勿在动作先于谓语时用一般式。
2. 完成式 Having done/Having been done 的关键词:already, yet, for + 时间段,many times等,看到此类标志词需用完成式。
3. 否定形式的完成式,not必须置于having前,切勿写成having not done。
4. 完成式不能作定语和宾补,仅能作状语,切勿误用。
解|题|技|巧
1. 先判断 - ing 形式作状语时,其动作与谓语动词的时间先后:先于谓语用完成式,同时发生用一般式。
2. 再判断逻辑主语与 - ing 形式的主被动关系:主动用 Having done,被动用 Having been done。
3. 否定形式直接在having/doing 前加 not,无需改变内部结构。
典例04
(2025·高一下学期·常州期中)I am looking forward to ______ (see) my grandparents this weekend.
即时检测
1. He is used to ______ (get) up early in the morning.
2.We put off ______ (hold) the sports meeting because of the bad weather.
易|错|点|拨
1. 熟记to 为介词的短语,后接动名词,切勿当作不定式符号接to do,如 look forward to, be used to, pay attention to等。
2. 接动名词作宾语的动词(finish/practice/mind 等),永远不能接不定式,切勿混淆接不定式和动名词的动词。
3. 介词后接动词,无论何时都必须用动词 - ing形式,切勿接动词原形。
解|题|技|巧
1. 看到动词 / 短语后接空格,先判断该动词 / 短语是接不定式还是接动名词,结合固定搭配记忆。
2. 看到介词(in/on/at/of/for/to 等)后接动词,直接填动名词 doing。
3. 区分易混短语:be used to doing(习惯于做)/be used to do(被用来做);look forward to doing(期待做)/hope to do(希望做)。
考场练兵·分层实战
基础通关练(测试时间:10分钟)
1. (2025高一下学期·宿迁期中)中The book (belong) to me turned out to be left in the computer room.
2.(2025高一下学期·无锡期中) (confirm) his flight details, he packed his bags and headed to the airport.
3.(2025高一下学期·苏州期中)The guest (interview) by a reporter for the moment will give a lecture for us.
4.(2025高一下学期·无锡期中)A new hundred-story building stood in the city center, (tower) over the neighboring buildings.
5.(2025高一下学期·江苏期中) (compare) your phone with mine, I know my phone is out of date.
6.(2025高一下学期·镇江期中)The book (belong) to Tom was left on the table, so I returned it to him.
7.(2025高一下学期·南通期中)After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound, they relaxed, laughing, crying and (hug) each other.
8.(2025高一下学期·常州期中)With more rural residents (spend) time on leisure activities, the tourism market will embrace new growth.
9.(2025高一下学期·扬州期中)The latest model ____________ (feature) a large screen and electronic alarm is popular among young consumers.
10.(2025高一下学期·无锡期中)The bridge (build) will shorten the driving distance between the two villages.
重难突破练(测试时间:20分钟)
1. 从他的话来看,他一定和他的父母度过了愉快的时光。
____________ his words, he must have enjoyed the time with his parents.
2. 也许新一代的科学家汲取中医的智慧,确实能发现更多有益于全世界医疗的药物。
Perhaps the next generation of scientists, ________________ the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine, will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care.
3. 讲述互联网如何使我们的生活变得更加方便的文章数不胜数。
There are countless articles ________________________.
4. 作为一名英语语言专业的毕业生,我很高兴写信申请这个职位。(major)
As a graduate ________________, I feel excited to write this letter for the position.
5. 在一个新国家定居的难民们面临许多问题。
Refugees _____________________ suffer from a number of problems.
6. 在泰山顶上,人们兴奋地看着太阳从海面升起。
On the top of Mount Tai, people excitedly ________________ from the sea.
7. 那一刻,他们感到脚下的大地正在颤抖;他们听到远处有屋顶坍塌的巨响。
At that moment, they felt the earth ________ beneath their feet; beyond in the distance, they heard the crash of falling roofs.
8. 她立刻意识到这是海啸来临的前兆。
It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an _________ tsunami.
9. 我不能容忍他说谎而免受惩罚。
I couldn’t ______________________ telling lies.
10. 他安静地坐在沙发上看书。
He sat quietly on the sofa, __________.
综合拓展练(测试时间:10分钟)
1.(2025·八省联考卷)Chinese plays an increasingly important role in (improve) communication and cooperation between China and the rest of the world.
2. (2025浙江1月卷)“I really want to make this work for people’s lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.
3.(2025·北京卷)When (travel), we engage with cultures and experiences.
4.(2024·新课标II卷)___________ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
5.(2023·全国二卷)As a photographer, I have spent the last two years (record) everything I discovered.
6.(2023·全国一卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
7.(2023·全国二卷) (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产)while constantly growing.
8.(2023·天津3月卷)________ (date) back to the 18th century, Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history.
6 / 7
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$
专题03 动词-ing形式(期中复习讲义)
内 容 导 航
考情透视·目标导航 透析期中考向,锚定备考重心
知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络,扫除知识盲区
知识点01 知识点02 知识点03 知识点04 知识点05
典例引领·即时检测 精析典型例题,强化解题能力
考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练,验收复习成效
考情透视·目标导航
核心考点
复习目标
考情规律
动词-ing形式的基本形式与句法功能(作主语、宾语、表语)
掌握动词- ing形式的基本构成,能准确判断其作主语、宾语、表语的用法,识别形式主语 it 的替代结构(少数情况)。
基础必考点,常结合语法填空考查,侧重基本形式和基础功能应用,动名词作主语为高频考向。
动词-ing形式的句法功能(作定语、状语、宾语补足语)
熟练掌握动词- ing形式作定语、状语、宾补的规则,能根据语境判断其逻辑关系和动作状态。
高频重难点,易因忽略逻辑主谓或动宾关系、动作进行状态导致错误,现在分词作状语为命题热点。
动词- ing形式的时态与语态(一般式、完成式)
理解动词- ing形式不同时态和语态的含义,能根据动作发生的时间和逻辑主被动关系选择正确形式。
命题趋势点,常融合在长难句理解和语法填空中,完成式的被动形式是易错点。
动词- ing形式的固定搭配
熟记接动名词作宾语的动词、动词短语,能在写作和答题中准确运用,区分接不定式和动名词的动词。
基础必考点,贯穿各类题型,侧重固定搭配的积累和语境辨析,是书面表达的提分点。
动词- ing形式的独立主格结构
掌握独立主格结构的构成和用法,能判断逻辑主语与动词- ing形式的关系,区分其与状语从句的差异。
高频拓展点,语法填空、短文改错中偶考,侧重结构识别和应用,难度中等。
知识梳理·方法技巧
知识点01 动词- ing形式的基本形式
动词- ing形式分为动名词和现在分词,二者形式一致,均由动词原形 + ing构成,其时态和语态变化如下(无进行式的语态变化):
形式
主动
被动
一般式
doing
being done
完成式
having done
having been done
核心规则
逻辑主语与动作是主动关系用主动形式,被动关系用被动形式;
动作先于谓语动词发生用完成式(having done/having been done),与谓语动词同时发生用一般式(doing/being done)。
一般式主动(表同时):
She is sitting by the window reading a book. 她正坐在窗边看书。
一般式被动(表同时被动):
The house being built now is a hospital. 正在建造的房子是一家医院。
完成式主动(表先于):
Having finished his homework, he went out to play. 完成作业后,他出去玩了。
完成式被动(表先于被动):
Having been told many times, he still made the same mistake. 被告诉了很多次,他还是犯了同样的错误。
否定形式:
Not knowing the way, she asked a policeman for help. 不认识路,她向警察求助。
知识点02动词- ing形式的句法功能(一):作主语、宾语、表语
作主语
动名词作主语,表抽象、习惯性的动作,谓语动词用单数;可用 it 作形式主语,将真正主语后置,常用结构:It is no use/good doing sth(做某事没用 / 没好处)。
Reading is a good habit. 阅读是一个好习惯。
It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。
作宾语
1. 接动名词作宾语的常见动词:enjoy, finish, practice, mind, miss, avoid, escape, risk, suggest, advise, keep, consider, stand, allow等。
He practices speaking English every morning. 他每天早上练习说英语。
2. 接动名词作宾语的常见短语:be used to, look forward to, pay attention to, devote oneself to, stick to, give up, feel like, can't help, put off 等。
I am looking forward to seeing you soon. 我期待着尽快见到你。
3. 介词后接动名词
介词 in/on/at/of/for/without 等后接动词,一律用 - ing 形式。
She left without saying goodbye. 她不辞而别。
作表语
动名词作表语,表主语的内容、抽象动作;现在分词作表语,表主语的性质、特征,常译作 “令人…… 的”。
His hobby is collecting stamps. 他的爱好是集邮。
The movie is very interesting. 这部电影非常有趣。
知识点03动词- ing形式的句法功能(二):作定语、状语、宾补
作定语
动名词作定语,表被修饰词的用途、功能,置于名词前;
现在分词作定语,表被修饰词的动作、状态(主动、进行),可置于名词前或后(短语后置)。
a reading room 阅览室
a running boy 正在跑步的男孩
the girl singing in the room 在房间里唱歌的女孩
作状语
现在分词作状语,其逻辑主语为句子的主语,可表时间、原因、方式、伴随、结果等,可与相应的状语从句转换;表结果时为自然的、顺理成章的结果(区别于不定式 only to do 表出乎意料的结果)。
Walking in the street, I met an old friend. 走在街上,我遇到了一位老朋友。
Being ill, he didn't go to school today. 因为生病了,他今天没去上学。
He sat there, reading a newspaper. 他坐在那里,看着报纸。
The fire spread quickly, burning the whole building. 火势迅速蔓延,烧毁了整栋大楼。
作宾补
感官动词(see, hear, watch, notice, feel)和使役动词(keep, leave, have)后接宾补,用 - ing 形式表示动作正在进行,逻辑宾语为动作的发出者(主动关系)。
I saw him playing basketball on the playground. 我看见他正在操场上打篮球。
Keep the fire burning. 让火一直烧着。
知识点04动词- ing形式的时态与语态
一般式(doing/being done)
动作与谓语动词同时发生或几乎同时发生,是最常用的形式。
She saw a boy playing football when she passed by. 她路过时看到一个男孩在踢足球。(doing,同时主动)
We attended a meeting being held in the hall. 我们参加了在大厅里正在举行的会议。(being done,同时被动)
完成式(having done/having been done)
动作先于谓语动词发生,常用作状语,表时间、原因。
Having lived in China for 10 years, he speaks Chinese very well. 在中国住了 10 年,他汉语说得很好。Having been praised by the teacher, he worked harder. 被老师表扬后,他学习更努力了。核心注意
动词- ing形式的完成式不能作定语,表 “先于谓语的被动动作” 作定语时,用过去分词。
错误:the bridge having been built last year
正确:the bridge built last year
知识点05动词- ing形式的固定搭配与独立主格结构
易混动词辨析(接不定式 / 动名词意义不同)
stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 /stop doing 停止做某事
forget to do 忘记要去做某事 /forget doing 忘记做过某事
remember to do 记得要去做某事 /remember doing 记得做过某事
try to do 努力去做某事 /try doing 尝试做某事
mean to do 打算做某事 /mean doing 意味着做某事
独立主格结构
当 - ing 形式的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时,需在 - ing 形式前加独立的逻辑主语,构成名词 / 代词 + doing的独立主格结构,作状语,表时间、原因、伴随等。
The weather being fine, we went for a picnic. 天气很好,我们去野餐了。
His homework having been finished, he watched TV. 他的作业完成后,他看了电视。
典例引领·即时检测
典例01
(2025·高一下学期·南京期中)______ (walk) after dinner is a good way to keep healthy.
【答案】Walking
【解析】考查动名词作主语。句意:饭后散步是保持健康的好方法。动名词作主语表抽象、习惯性的动作,谓语动词用单数,注意首字母大写。本句也可转换为形式主语结构:It is a good way to keep healthy walking after dinner.
即时检测
1. ______ (swim) in the river is dangerous in summer.
【答案】Swimming
【解析】考查动名词作主语。句意:夏天在河里游泳是危险的。动名词作句首主语表抽象动作,用 doing 形式,首字母大写。
2. It is no good ______ (complain) about the problem; we need to solve it.
【答案】complaining
【解析】考查形式主语 it 的固定结构。句意:抱怨这个问题没用,我们需要解决它。固定结构 It is no good doing sth,后接动名词作真正主语。
易|错|点|拨
1. 动名词作主语时,不可用动词原形或不定式(表抽象动作时),切勿混淆动名词和不定式的动作性质。
2. It is no use/good 后必须接动名词,切勿接不定式 to do。
3. 动名词作主语,谓语动词一律用单数形式,切勿根据后面的名词判断谓语单复数。
解|题|技|巧
1. 若句首需要填动词作主语,表抽象、习惯性动作用动名词 doing,表具体、一次性动作用不定式 to do。
2. 看到It is no use/good/fun的结构,直接填动名词 doing。
3. 验证:将动名词移至句末,用 it 作形式主语,句子语法完整、语义通顺,即为正确形式。
典例02
(2025·高一下学期·苏州期中)The teacher kept us ______ (read) English for half an hour this morning.
【答案】reading
【解析】考查现在分词作宾补。句意:今天早上老师让我们读了半个小时英语。使役动词 keep 后接宾补,用 doing 形式表 “让某人一直做某事”,表动作的持续进行。
即时检测
1. The teacher kept us ______ (read) English for half an hour this morning.
【答案】reading
【解析】考查现在分词作宾补。句意:今天早上老师让我们读了半个小时英语。使役动词 keep 后接宾补,用 doing 形式表 “让某人一直做某事”,表动作的持续进行。
2. I found a little boy ______ (cry) at the school gate on my way home.
【答案】crying
【解析】考查现在分词作宾补。句意:在我回家的路上,我发现一个小男孩在学校门口哭。感官动词 find 后接宾补,用 doing 形式表示动作正在进行,符合语境。
易|错|点|拨
1. 感官动词、使役动词后,现在分词作宾补表动作正在进行,省略to的不定式作宾补表动作全过程,切勿混淆二者用法。
2. 现在分词作宾补时,逻辑宾语与动作是主动关系,切勿用被动形式 being done(除非表 “正在被做”)。
3. keep/leave/have 后接宾补,表“让动作持续进行”必须用 doing,切勿接不定式。
解|题|技|巧
1. 先判断动词类型:是否为感官动词(see/hear/watch 等)或使役动词(keep/leave/have 等)。
2. 再判断动作状态:表正在进行 / 持续进行用现在分词 doing,表全过程 / 完成用省略 to 的不定式。
3. 最后判断逻辑关系:逻辑宾语为动作发出者用主动 doing,为动作承受者且表正在被做用 being done。
典例03
(2025·高一下学期·无锡期中)______ (finish) his work, he went home happily.
【答案】Having finished
【解析】考查现在分词的完成式作状语。句意:完成工作后,他高兴地回家了。finish 的动作先于谓语动词 went 发生,且逻辑主语 he 与 finish 是主动关系,故用完成式 Having finished。
即时检测
1. ______ (tell) many times, he still couldn't understand the rule.
【答案】Having been told
【解析】考查现在分词的完成被动式作状语。句意:被告诉了很多次,他还是不能理解这个规则。tell 的动作先于谓语动词 couldn't understand 发生,且逻辑主语 he 与 tell 是被动关系,故用 Having been told。
2.______ (not receive) his letter, I wrote to him again last week.
【答案】Not having received
【解析】考查现在分词的否定完成式作状语。句意:没有收到他的信,我上周又给他写了一封。receive 的动作先于谓语动词 wrote 发生,否定词 not 置于完成式前,故填 Not having received。
易|错|点|拨
1. 现在分词的一般式 doing表动作与谓语同时发生,切勿在动作先于谓语时用一般式。
2. 完成式 Having done/Having been done 的关键词:already, yet, for + 时间段,many times等,看到此类标志词需用完成式。
3. 否定形式的完成式,not必须置于having前,切勿写成having not done。
4. 完成式不能作定语和宾补,仅能作状语,切勿误用。
解|题|技|巧
1. 先判断 - ing 形式作状语时,其动作与谓语动词的时间先后:先于谓语用完成式,同时发生用一般式。
2. 再判断逻辑主语与 - ing 形式的主被动关系:主动用 Having done,被动用 Having been done。
3. 否定形式直接在having/doing 前加 not,无需改变内部结构。
典例04
(2025·高一下学期·常州期中)I am looking forward to ______ (see) my grandparents this weekend.
【答案】seeing【解析】考查动名词作宾语。句意:我期待着这个周末见到我的祖父母。固定短语 look forward to 中 to 为介词,后接动名词作宾语,切勿接不定式。
即时检测
1. He is used to ______ (get) up early in the morning.
【答案】getting
【解析】考查动名词作宾语。句意:他习惯了早上早起。固定短语 be used to中to为介词,后接动名词,表“习惯于做某事”;be used to do 表“被用来做某事”,注意区分。
2.We put off ______ (hold) the sports meeting because of the bad weather.
【答案】holding
【解析】考查动名词作宾语。句意:因为天气不好,我们推迟了举行运动会。固定动词 put off 后接动名词作宾语,切勿接不定式。
易|错|点|拨
1. 熟记to 为介词的短语,后接动名词,切勿当作不定式符号接to do,如 look forward to, be used to, pay attention to等。
2. 接动名词作宾语的动词(finish/practice/mind 等),永远不能接不定式,切勿混淆接不定式和动名词的动词。
3. 介词后接动词,无论何时都必须用动词 - ing形式,切勿接动词原形。
解|题|技|巧
1. 看到动词 / 短语后接空格,先判断该动词 / 短语是接不定式还是接动名词,结合固定搭配记忆。
2. 看到介词(in/on/at/of/for/to 等)后接动词,直接填动名词 doing。
3. 区分易混短语:be used to doing(习惯于做)/be used to do(被用来做);look forward to doing(期待做)/hope to do(希望做)。
考场练兵·分层实战
基础通关练(测试时间:10分钟)
1. (2025高一下学期·宿迁期中)中The book (belong) to me turned out to be left in the computer room.
【答案】belonging
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:这本属于我的书结果被落在了电脑室。句中已有谓语动词turned out,设空处应填非谓语动词,belong to“属于”没有被动语态,所以用现在分词作定语。
2.(2025高一下学期·无锡期中) (confirm) his flight details, he packed his bags and headed to the airport.
【答案】Having confirmed
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在确认了航班详情后,他收拾好行李前往机场。表示“确认”应用动词confirm;句中已有谓语动词 packed 和 headed,设空处应填非谓语动词,且“确认航班详情”这一动作发生在“打包行李和前往机场”之前,与逻辑主语he之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,所以用现在分词的完成式Having confirmed作状语,句首首字母大写。
3.(2025高一下学期·苏州期中)The guest (interview) by a reporter for the moment will give a lecture for us.
【答案】being interviewed
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:此刻正在被记者采访的那位客人将为我们做一场讲座。句中已有谓语动词 will give,所以 interview 要用非谓语形式。根据 “for the moment(此刻)” 可知,“采访” 这个动作正在进行,且 “guest(客人)” 与 “interview(采访)” 之间是被动关系,即客人被采访,所以用现在分词的被动形式 being interviewed 作后置定语,修饰 The guest,表示正在被采访的客人。
4.(2025高一下学期·无锡期中)A new hundred-story building stood in the city center, (tower) over the neighboring buildings.
【答案】towering
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:一座新的百层大楼矗立在市中心,高耸于周边建筑之上。分析句子结构可知,空格处需填入非谓语动词作伴随状语,修饰主句动作stood,逻辑主语building与动词tower构成主动关系,且“towering over...”描述大楼矗立时的伴随状态,应用tower现在分词形式。
5.(2025高一下学期·江苏期中) (compare) your phone with mine, I know my phone is out of date.
【答案】Comparing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:将你的手机和我的手机比较一下,我就知道我的手机已经过时了。空格处应该用非谓语动词作状语,动词compare与句子的主语I之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词comparing作状语。
6.(2025高一下学期·镇江期中)The book (belong) to Tom was left on the table, so I returned it to him.
【答案】belonging
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:那本属于汤姆的书被留在了桌子上,所以我把它还给了他。空处作后置定语修饰名词The book,且The book与belong之间是主动关系,应用现在分词形式belonging。
7.(2025高一下学期·南通期中)After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound, they relaxed, laughing, crying and (hug) each other.
【答案】hugging
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在点名确认所有人都安然无恙后,他们放松下来,又笑又哭,互相拥抱。句中已有谓语动词relaxed,故空处需填非谓语动词,且they与hug“拥抱”为主动关系,应用现在分词,作状语,与crying和laughing并列。
8.(2025高一下学期·常州期中)With more rural residents (spend) time on leisure activities, the tourism market will embrace new growth.
【答案】spending
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:随着越来越多的农村居民将时间花在休闲活动上,旅游市场将迎来新的增长。“with+宾语+宾语补足语”是with的复合结构,在该结构中,rural residents与spend之间是主动关系,且表示动作正在进行,所以用现在分词spending作宾语补足语。
9.(2025高一下学期·扬州期中)The latest model ____________ (feature) a large screen and electronic alarm is popular among young consumers.
【答案】featuring
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:具有大屏幕和电子报警功能的最新型号深受年轻消费者的欢迎。谓语是is,feature是非谓语动词,表示“具有……特征”,和model是主动关系,用现在分词作后置定语。
10.(2025高一下学期·无锡期中)The bridge (build) will shorten the driving distance between the two villages.
【答案】being built
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:正在修建的桥将缩短这两个村庄之间的行车距离。句中will shorten为谓语动词,设空处使用非谓语动词,此处表示“正在被建的桥”,build与bridge之间是被动关系,同时该动作正在进行,故使用现在分词的被动结构作后置定语。
重难突破练(测试时间:20分钟)
1. 从他的话来看,他一定和他的父母度过了愉快的时光。
____________ his words, he must have enjoyed the time with his parents.
【答案】 Judging from
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句意,此处表示“从……来看”为非谓语动词的固定用法judging from,属于独立结构作状语,位于句首单词首字母需大写。
2. 也许新一代的科学家汲取中医的智慧,确实能发现更多有益于全世界医疗的药物。
Perhaps the next generation of scientists, ________________ the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine, will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care.
【答案】 drawing on
【解析】考查非谓语动词。前两空表示“汲取”,使用动词短语draw on,句中有谓语will discover,故此处使用非谓语动词形式,draw on的逻辑主语是the next generation of scientists,两者之间是主谓关系,故使用现在分词作状语。
3. 讲述互联网如何使我们的生活变得更加方便的文章数不胜数。
There are countless articles ________________________.
【答案】telling us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient
【解析】考查非谓语动词。表示“讲述”应用动词tell,与articles之间为主动关系,应用现在分词作后置定语;表示“互联网”应用the Internet,作宾语从句的主语;表示“使;让”应用动词make,作宾语从句的谓语动词,由句意知此处应用现在完成时;表示“更方便的”应用形容词比较级 more convenient,作宾语补足语。
4. 作为一名英语语言专业的毕业生,我很高兴写信申请这个职位。(major)
As a graduate ________________, I feel excited to write this letter for the position.
【答案】majoring in the English language
【解析】考查固定短语、非谓语动词。由所给句意可知,空格处应表达“英语语言专业”。表示“主修”用major in,本句谓语为feel,此处为非谓语动词,且graduate与major in为主动关系,应用现在分词,作定语。表示“英语语言”用English language,此处表示特指,English language前加the,作majoring in的宾语。
5. 在一个新国家定居的难民们面临许多问题。
Refugees _____________________ suffer from a number of problems.
【答案】settling in a new country
【解析】考查非谓语动词。表示 “在……定居”应用动词短语settle in,由空后的suffer from a number of problems知此处应填非谓语动词的形式,settle in与主语Refugees之间为主动关系,应用现在分词表示主动,作后置定语,表示“一个新的国家”应用 a new country,作宾语。
6. 在泰山顶上,人们兴奋地看着太阳从海面升起。
On the top of Mount Tai, people excitedly ________________ from the sea.
【答案】observed the sun rising
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据“observed that the sun was rising from the sea”可知,此处应用一般过去时。that从句的部分可以用observe...doing意为“看到……正在做某事”改写,此处用现在分词表示正在进行的动作,作宾语补足语。动词rise意为“升起”。
7. 那一刻,他们感到脚下的大地正在颤抖;他们听到远处有屋顶坍塌的巨响。
At that moment, they felt the earth ________ beneath their feet; beyond in the distance, they heard the crash of falling roofs.
【答案】shaking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句意,空1应为动词shake,词义为“颤抖”,且照应固定搭配feel sb/sth doing sth“感觉到……正在做……”,应用shaking。
8. 她立刻意识到这是海啸来临的前兆。
It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an _________ tsunami.
【答案】approaching
【解析】考查非谓语动词。“来临”可用动词approach表示,作定语修饰名词tsunami,用现在分词approaching作定语,表示主动和正在发生的动作。
9. 我不能容忍他说谎而免受惩罚。
I couldn’t ______________________ telling lies.
【答案】have him getting away with
【解析】考查固定搭配与非谓语动词。表示“容忍某人做某事”用have sb. doing sth.结构,情态动词接动词原形;“说谎而免受惩罚”用get away with telling lies表达,用动名词getting作have的宾语补足语。
10. 他安静地坐在沙发上看书。
He sat quietly on the sofa, __________.
【答案】reading
【解析】考查非谓语动词。“看书”为read,read与he是主动关系,故用现在分词形式作伴随状语。
综合拓展练(测试时间:10分钟)
1.(2025·八省联考卷)Chinese plays an increasingly important role in (improve) communication and cooperation between China and the rest of the world.
【答案】improving
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:中文在促进中国与世界其他地区的交流与合作方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。此处作介词in的宾语,应用improve“提高”的动名词形式,作宾语。
2. (2025浙江1月卷)“I really want to make this work for people’s lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.
【答案】returning
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:……这并不总是意味着要在某个特别的周末过后的周一就归还衣服。根据句意可知,mean 此处意为“意味着”,mean doing sth是固定搭配,意为“意味着做某事”。
3.(2025·北京卷)When (travel), we engage with cultures and experiences.
【答案】travelling
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:旅行时,我们接触不同文化和体验不同经历。句子主语“we”与“travel”之间是主动关系,用现在分词,构成“when+现在分词”的状语从句省略结构。
4.(2024·新课标II卷)___________ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
【答案】Recalling
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版,并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时,Edmondson说:“听到中文,看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的,非常激动人心。”非谓语动词担当状语,主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系,用现在分词形式担当状语;出现在句首,首字母大写。
5.(2023·全国二卷)As a photographer, I have spent the last two years (record) everything I discovered.
【答案】recording
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:作为一名摄影师,我花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。这里为非谓语动词担当宾语,用动名词形式。
6.(2023·全国一卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
【答案】 borrowing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:“从前,在美国的中心地带有一个小镇,那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活,”她的寓言是这样开头的,借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词,所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。
7.(2023·全国二卷) (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产)while constantly growing.
【答案】Having visited
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在过去的10年里,我多次访问北京,我惊讶于这里的新旧共存,惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语,和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系;根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知,用完成时态,由此推断,空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首,首字母大写。
8.(2023·天津3月卷)________ (date) back to the 18th century, Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history.
【答案】Dating
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:京剧的起源可以追溯到18世纪,距今已有200多年的历史。date back to“追溯到,始于”,其后接表示具体时间的名词,没有被动语态;根据句中已有谓语动词has,且无连词,可知此处要用非调语动词,此处是现在分词形式作状语。
6 / 7
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$