专题02 Units 3～4（语篇综合练）英语译林版必修第三册

专题02 Units 3~4（语篇综合练） （建议用时：40分钟） 语法填空 A 脑机接口（BCI）技术的发展、应用、分类及未来应用拓展 语法填空 B 第十五届全运会高科技产品应用及对体育产业的长远影响 语法填空 C 物理学家杨振宁的生平、科学成就与家国情怀 语法填空 D 物理学家爱因斯坦的人生经历、科学贡献与人格特点 阅读理解 A 车载触摸屏的流行起源(特斯拉Model S)，并探讨了其安全性争议，以及物理按键回归和语音控制的新趋势。 阅读理解 B 安卓手机地震预警系统（AEA）的研发、优势、工作方式与未来应用 阅读理解 C 珍・古道尔的黑猩猩开创性研究及动物保护相关理念 阅读理解 D 诺贝尔物理学奖得主杨振宁的生平、学术成就与国籍变更经历 阅读理解 E “杂交水稻之父” 袁隆平的生平、杂交水稻科研贡献与研究方向转变 阅读理解 F 科技在沟通、教育、智能家居、健康等方面对日常生活的影响及使用挑战 完形填空 A 科技对远程亲情沟通的积极作用与合理使用科技的重要性 完形填空 B 阿尔弗雷德・诺贝尔发明炸药的历程、诺贝尔奖设立的缘由与过程 书信写作 A “科技改变生活” 主题海报设计大赛获奖创作过程与个人感悟 书信写作 B “弘扬科学家精神” 英语演讲 —— 介绍袁隆平及从中获得的人生启示 一、语法填空 A （25-26高一上·湖北武汉·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology, a direct communication pathway between the brain and external devices, 1 (make) remarkable progress in the past decade. It works by detecting electrical signals generated by brain cells, 2 (convert) them into commands that computers or machines can understand. What makes BCI truly groundbreaking is 3 it enables people with disabilities to regain control of their lives. For example, patients who are paralyzed can use BCIs 4 (operate) wheelchairs, type on screens or even play musical instruments, simply by thinking about these actions. The key to this process lies in the 5 (precise) of the technology, as even tiny errors in signal interpretation will lead to incorrect movements. Most BCIs today rely on invasive devices 6 (place) directly into the brain tissue, 7 method that ensures high signal quality but carries risks of infection. However, researchers recently developed non-invasive BCIs 8 use wearable sensors positioned on the scalp. These devices are safer and more convenient, though they are less accurate than their invasive counterparts. 9 is predicted that in the near future BCIs will move 10 medical applications. They may allow healthy people to control smart home devices with their minds or enhance cognitive abilities such as memory and focus. B （25-26高一上·河北保定·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 According to the organizers, the 15th National Games features more than 130 high-tech products. At the first-ever cross-boundary Games, 1 (host) by the Guangdong-HongKong-Macao Greater Bay Area, robots are used across multiple 2 (event). The men’s road cycling race made history by routing cyclists through all three regions for the first time, with cutting-edge technology playing 3 important role in ensuring safety and efficiency. Cycling is highly sensitive to weather, and the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge often sees 4 (strong) winds than inland areas. Traditional water patrols (巡逻) were often affected by weather and water conditions. Unmanned patrol boats, 5 are equipped with radar, cameras and life-saving systems, are more efficient. Technology also extends beyond athletes and referees (裁判), 6 (benefit) all participants at the Games. Hearing-impaired spectators (观众) can connect with remote sign-language interpreters with a single click and share the 7 (excite) of the Games. Experts believe high-tech deployments at the Games will have a lasting effect 8 industry. “Our company 9 (work) on major events such as the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics so far, and each large-scale competition is a valuable opportunity 10 (advance) the industry,” said Li Ji, head of a sports technology company in Shenzhen. C （25-26高一上·浙江宁波·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Tsinghua University announced on October 18 that Yang Zhenning, 1 world-renowned physicist and Nobel Prize winner, passed away in Beijing at the age of 103 due to illness. Born in 1922, Yang spent his childhood in Tsinghua Campus, 2 he earned the nickname “Big Head Yang”. He learned 3,000 characters by age 4 and could recite ancient Chinese classics 3 (fluent) as a child. At 12, after reading a book about the universe, he told his parents he would win the Nobel Prize someday-a bold dream that came true. His 4 (science) achievements reshaped physics. In 1957, he and Li Zhengdao won the Nobel Prize in Physics for discovering “parity non-conservation” in weak interactions, 5 (become) China’s first physics Nobel laureates. His 1954 “Yang-Mills Gauge Theory” was even more influential — it laid the foundation for understanding fundamental particles, 6 six later Nobel winners building on his work. Yang loved his country deeply. In 1971, he became the first major Chinese scholar 7 (visit) China after Sino-U.S. relations thawed, bridging academic exchanges. Since 1999, he 8 (teach) at Tsinghua, even lecturing freshmen. It is his 9 (curious) and dedication to research 10 inspire us to love learning lifelong. D （24-25高一下·山东潍坊·期末）阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Albert Einstein, who is the greatest scientist in modern physics, 1 (consider) one of the smartest men. He made numerous contributions to the world. Einstein was not only a genius; he was a courageous and kind figure 2 (love) by many people. At 16, Einstein tried to enter university in Switzerland, 3 failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam. One year later, he managed 4 (pass) the exam, entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900. In 1902, Einstein took a job in the Swiss patent office, where he continued to study, earning 5 doctor’s degree in physics. In 1905, he published four extraordinary physics papers. Following this, he 6 (gradual) became famous throughout the world 7 the new Isaac Newton. In 1922, he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics. When Hitler came to power, Einstein, 8 was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions closed to him. As a consequence, he had to flee Germany. To the public, he was seen as a kind and funny man. Einstein often encountered people on the street who would stop him and ask him to help explain things. After many such 9 (occasion), he finally started saying, “Pardon me! Sorry! Always I am mistaken for Professor Einstein!” On 18 April 1955, Einstein passed away, 10 (leave) the world mourning the loss of a brilliant scientist. 二、阅读理解 A （25-26高一上·江苏宿迁·期中）Tesla’s Model S wasn’t the first car to have a touchscreen, but its simple interior (内饰) — built around a large, high-quality full-color screen — started the obvious trend for in-car touchscreens that has lasted more than ten years. Today, nearly every new car coming off the production line comes equipped with a high-tech touchscreen. It controls almost all functions: adjusting the air conditioner, choosing music playlists, and even operating advanced safety features like automatic lane-keeping assistance. But a critical question remains: are touchscreens safe for drivers behind the wheel? Critics put forward a simple and convincing argument. If playing with a smartphone while driving is widely known to be distracting (令人分心的) and dangerous and can lead to heavy fines in many countries, then adjusting a car’s touchscreen while driving on the road is probably just as risky, if not more so. Physical controls have a big advantage: drivers can learn their position by heart, pressing buttons or turning dials without taking their eyes off the road for even a moment. Touchscreens, however, don’t give any physical feedback. They force users to tap through many sub-menus to find settings, creating a dangerous distraction. Research strongly supports these concerns. A 2022 test compared 11 cars with touchscreens to cars with traditional physical buttons. Common tasks like switching radio stations or adjusting the temperature took about 10 seconds in the old car. But in a touchscreen-equipped car, the same tasks took a surprising 45 seconds. A 2024 study used special cameras to track drivers’ eyes. It found that even the fastest task — adjusting the temperature — distracted drivers for 3.5 seconds on average. Safety organizations are now taking action. New rules from Euro NCAP, Europe’s top car safety rating system, say no car can earn a full five-star safety score unless key functions — like turn signals and air conditioning — are controlled by physical switches. Some car companies have already started putting buttons back in their new models because drivers are turning away from touchscreens. Due to drivers’ growing aversion to touchscreens, carmakers are turning their attention to voice control, a technology that brings its own set of unanswered questions about safety and usability. 1．What do we know about Tesla’s Model S from the first paragraph? A．It was the first car to be equipped with a touchscreen B．It focused on safety features by using physical buttons. C．It acted as a pioneer in popularizing touchscreens in cars. D．It had a high-quality touchscreen controlling all car functions. 2．Why are physical controls safer than touchscreens according to critics? A．They can lead to heavy fines for drivers. B．They operate faster with simpler sub-menus. C．They offer more functions than touchscreen systems. D．They can be used without looking away from the road. 3．Why does the author include the 2022 test and 2024 study in paragraph 3? A．To supply evidence supporting the critics’ concerns. B．To compare the efficiency of car control research methods. C．To prove adjusting temperature is the most distracting task. D．To show differences in touchscreen and physical car controls. 4．What does the underlined word “aversion” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Great curiosity. B．Deep dislike. C．Good habit. D．Strong interest. B （25-26高一下·云南昭通·开学考试）Based on a three-year-long study on millions of phones in ninety-eight countries, researchers found the global network of Android smartphones makes a useful earthquake early warning system, which can detect (探测) earthquakes and give users valuable seconds to act before the shaking starts. Many countries have used traditional earthquake early warning systems with networks of earthquake sensors (感应器) to detect quakes and issue warnings across the affected area. Building such networks is expensive, and many areas where earthquakes are common do not have them. What they do have, however, are smartphones, which have built-in movement sensors. Using Android smartphones — which account for 70% of the global smartphone market — researchers developed the Android Earthquake Alert (AEA) system. “Although AEA is not always as timely as the traditional network detection, it can still detect small shaking during strong earthquakes,” says Allen, the leader of the study. Working in the same way as traditional earthquake detection systems, the AEA system will transmit two types of alerts (警报) to the phone after detecting an earthquake. For earthquakes of magnitude 4.5 or higher, the system sends “Take Action” alerts to users. These alerts are designed to draw users’ attention immediately and remind them to take protective actions. It also delivers “Be aware” alerts to areas expected to experience a shaking of magnitude 3 or 4. To test how effective these alerts were, the researchers used search engines to collect voluntary answers. Results from around 15.5 million people showed that 87% of them did indeed experience shaking, with 36% receiving the alert before the ground began to move, 28% during and 23% after. Now, the researchers are focused on improving the AEA system. “We think that we can continue to improve the quality of earthquake detection, and also improve on our strategies to deliver effective alerts.” says Allen. In the future, Allen and his teammates hope to use the same information to produce other disaster-reducing tools. Maps of ground shaking, for example, could help the emergency rescue after an earthquake. 1．What is AEA’s advantage over the traditional earthquake early warning system? A．It uses more advanced sensors. B．It is cheaper and more widely accessible. C．It can prevent earthquakes from happening. D．It is more exact in detecting every small quake. 2．Which word can replace the underlined word “transmit” in paragraph 3? A．Send. B．Control. C．Train. D．Trust. 3．What is the current focus of the researchers? A．Stop AEA research and switch to new projects. B．Sell the AEA system to smartphone companies. C．Raise detection quality and improve alert delivery. D．Replace all traditional detection systems with AEA． 4．Which could be a suitable title for the text? A．Worldwide Research on Smartphones B．How to Protect Yourself in Earthquakes C．The Disadvantages of Traditional Sensors D．Android Phones: New Earthquake Early Warning System C （25-26高一上·福建漳州·期末）Jane Goodall’s research on chimpanzees (黑猩猩) redefined what it meant to be human. She offers a perfect example of how to change the world for the better without becoming negative, or narrow-minded. Her life journey is truly inspiring. As a little girl in the 1930s England, she was amazed at the animals in her backyard. Later, her pioneering research on chimpanzees in Tanzania challenged the way people defined (下定义) what it meant to be human. Goodall’s observations in the forests of Gombe, Tanzania, showed that the most successful chimp leaders were gentle and caring. She also made a pioneering discovery: chimpanzees use tools. Until then, scientists believed only humans could use tools. This discovery caused anthropologist (人类学家) Louis Leakey to declare, “Now we must redefine tool, redefine Man, or accept chimpanzees as human.” Goodall wasn’t formally trained in science when she began her work, but Leakey chose her for that very reason. He believed an open mind was extremely important and necessary for breakthrough discoveries and held the view that the formal training sometimes limited creativity. He also thought women might be more patient and observant than men — a belief Goodall proved right. She treated animals as individuals with emotions, gave them names rather than numbers, and described their communities as being almost tribal (部落). Goodall was also a storyteller. She believed in the power of stories to help people understand animals and nature. Through the Jane Goodall Institute, she started Roots & Shoots, which teaches children how to help animals and the environment. One of her most powerful lessons is this: “The greatest danger to our future is our apathy. That’s to say, each one of us must take responsibility for our own lives, and above all, show respect and love for living things around us, especially each other.” Goodall’s warmth, and love for animals always made her a role model for the world. 1．What challenged people’s understanding of human? A．Goodall’s story. B．Chimps’ using tools. C．Chimps’ leading ability. D．Goodall’s observations. 2．What mainly caused Leakey to choose Goodall? A．Her open mind. B．Her high degree. C．Her good patience. D．Her rich training. 3．What does the underlined word “apathy” probably mean in paragraph 4? A．A strong desire. B．An absence of concern. C．A failure to make decisions. D．A feeling of self-confidence. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．A Proof of Redefining Human B．A Storyteller of Animal Protection C．A Pioneer in Chimpanzee Research D．A Project for Chimpanzee Research D （25-26高一上·安徽六安·期中）Chinese Nobel Prize-winning physicist Chen Ning Yang, one of the most influential scientists in modern physics, died in Beijing on Saturday. “He was 103. He is one of the greatest physicists of the 20th century, having made revolutionary contributions to the development of modern physics,” the statement from the Tsinghua University said, praising his contribution to China’s scientific and educational developments. Yang won the Nobel Prize in 1957 with Tsung-Dao Lee for their investigation of the so-called parity laws that led to “important discoveries regarding the elementary particles,” according to the Nobel Prize website. They were the first Chinese-born Nobel Prize winners in physics. In his speech at the Nobel Banquet at the time, he said he was as proud of his Chinese heritage as he was devoted to modern science, a part of human civilization of Western origin. “I am filled with an awareness of the fact that I am in more than one sense a product of both the Chinese and Western cultures, in harmony and in conflict,” according to his speech, shared on the Nobel Prize website. Yang, also known as Frank or Franklin, was also famous for his Yang-Mills theory developed with American physicist Robert Mills. Born in 1922, Yang was brought up surrounded by the Tsinghua campus, where his father was a math professor, the website said. After finishing his undergraduate degree, he obtained his master’s degree from Tsinghua. He entered the University of Chicago in the United States to pursue a doctorate in 1946 and was strongly influenced by Italian-American physicist Enrico Fermi, who had won the same Nobel Prize in 1938, the website said. He later became a professor at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. In 1986, he became a distinguished Professor-at-large at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, to which he generously donated many of his awards and articles, including the Nobel Prize. Starting from 1999, he served as a professor at Tsinghua. According to a 2017 report by China’s official news agency Xinhua, Yang had obtained American citizenship in 1964. He said it was a painful decision, one that his father had not forgiven him for. Later, he renounced his U.S. citizenship in 2015, but he still thought U.S. was a beautiful country that gave him good opportunities in studying science, the report said. 1．What can we learn about Chen Ning Yang from the passage? A．He was the most outstanding physicist in the 20th century. B．He made great contributions to science and education. C．He donated the Nobel Prize to the Tsinghua University. D．He became the only Chinese to win the Nobel Prize. 2．What can be inferred about Yang’s academic and cultural background? A．Fermi directly helped Yang develop Yang-Mills theory. B．His achievements were mainly influenced by his father. C．His study experiences shaped his different cultural identities. D．He considered the U.S. a better research place than China. 3．What does the underlined word “renounced” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．applied for B．gave up C．held onto D．showed respect for 4．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To show Yang’s contributions to science. B．To explain the reasons for Yang’s success. C．To compare Yang’s life in China and the United States. D．To introduce Yang’s life experiences and achievements. E （23-24高一上·陕西西安·期末）“Father of hybrid rice” Yuan Longping passed away at 13: 07 pm in Changsha of Hunan province, 1 . 2 . The globally renown agronomist (农学家) known for developing the first hybrid rice strains, was born on the ninth day of the seventh month in 1930, according to the lunar calendar. 3 --feeding nearly one-fifth of the world’s population with less than 9 percent of the world’s total land. In 1949, Yuan applied for Southwest Agricultural College and began his special connection with rice--a staple food of the Chinese people that would become the focus of his lifelong research career. A discovery of a peculiar wild rice species by Yuan in the southern island of Hainan in 1970 became the prelude (序曲) of China’s decades of hybrid rice research. Three years later, he cultivated the world’s first high- yielding hybrid rice train with three lines, namely, the male sterile, maintainer and restorer. 4 Hybrid rice recorded an annual yield about 20 percent higher than that of conventional rice strains--meaning it could feed an extra 70 million people a year. 5 In September 2017, a strain of low-cadmium indica (籼稻；籼型) rice developed by Yuan’s team and the Hunan provincial academy of agricultural sciences was able to reduce the average amount of cadmium (镉) in rice by more than 90 percent in areas suffering from heavy metal pollution. A．Yuan was undergoing treatment at a hospital, Yuan’s son Yuan Ding’an, and Yuan’s secretary Yang Yaosong confirmed. B．it is said byYuan’s son Yuan Ding’an. C．He has helped China work a great wonder. D．Now the focus of Yuan’s hybrid rice project has changed from increasing output to green and sustainable development. E．Yuan’s hybrid rice project aimed to create the best of it. F．Hybrid rice has since been grown across the Country and farmers reaped incredible output after switching to Yuan’s hybrid varieties. G．Xinhua reported on Saturday. F （24-25高一下·四川遂宁·期末）How Technology Shapes Our Daily Life Technology has become an inseparable part of our lives. From waking up to alarm clocks to sleeping with smartwatches tracking our sleep patterns, it influences almost everything we do. But how exactly does it affect our daily life? 1 . ·Communication revolution Gone are the days of waiting for letters. With smartphones and social media, we can instantly connect with anyone globally. 2 . However, experts suggest balancing online interactions with face-to-face conversations to maintain healthy relationships.   ·Education evolution Online learning platforms and digital tools like language apps make education accessible anytime. 3 . For example, virtual reality (VR) can transport students to historical sites, making lessons attractive. Yet, self-discipline remains crucial for effective e-learning. · 4 Smart home devices, such as voice-controlled assistants and automatic lights, simplify household tasks. Meanwhile, wearable tech like fitness bands encourages healthier lifestyles by monitoring steps and heart rates.   ·Challenges to consider   Despite its benefits, overreliance on technology may lead to reduced physical activity or privacy concerns. 5 . Setting screen time limits and regularly unplugging can help achieve a healthier tech-life balance. A．Smart homes and health. B．Housework simplification. C．Let’s explore some key aspects. D．Technology also changes how students learn. E．Traditional classrooms are still irreplaceable. F．Therefore, managing technology use is essential. G．This instant connection has transformed how we stay in touch. 三、完形填空 A （24-25高一上·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·期末）Some people say they are unhappy about technology (科技) because it takes up too much of their time. This isn’t 1 for me. Let me tell you why. I’m the youngest in the family. Because my brothers are away at 2 , I often feel lonely. Thanks to technology, I’m able to see and talk to them 3 using video calls. Sometimes, I even chat with their friends if they 4 to be around. My brothers and I are also friends on the Internet. I can see how their colleges 5 and what they are doing in their free time. I learn much more about my brothers 6 with the time when they were at home. One of them is good at taking photos, while the other 7 loves to be taken. With technology, I can communicate with my brothers anytime I want. They 8 a chat group just for the three of us. I often send messages to them, and they’ll answer whenever they are 9 . I often share my problems with them 10 they often give me some advice. They also tell me that I should always write in good English, or they won’t reply to my 11 . I have been writing so much that even my teachers notice that my 12 has improved. In a word, I don’t think that technology has 13 wrong. For my brothers and I, technology has brought us 14 . Now we communicate much more every day. We can also 15 what is happening in our lives better. Can technology bring us good or bad? It is up to how we use it. 1．A．true B．important C．fresh D．special 2．A．sea B．college C．work D．home 3．A．by B．for C．of D．from 4．A．ask B．want C．offer D．happen 5．A．look at B．look out C．look like D．look up 6．A．competed B．compared C．agreed D．provided 7．A．just B．luckily C．carefully D．suddenly 8．A．served B．bought C．made D．found 9．A．available B．upset C．necessary D．comfortable 10．A．after B．if C．and D．unless 11．A．letters B．messages C．emails D．opinions 12．A．writing B．speaking C．reading D．listening 13．A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing 14．A．louder B．angrier C．closer D．luckier 15．A．keep B．remember C．choose D．share B （24-25高一下·江苏苏州·期中）The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible, 1 people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields. Alfred Nobel was born in 1833 to a family of engineers in Sweden. In 1850, he met Ascanio Sobrero, the inventor of nitroglycerin (硝酸甘油) in Paris. Interested in its irregular 2 of exploding under pressure or heat, Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a 3 explosive. After years of 4 in 1867, at the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin. During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives. He 5 his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important. When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888, a French newspaper 6 published Alfred’s obituary (讣告). Reading his own obituary, Nobel was 7 to find out his public image. The newspaper strongly 8 Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became 9 by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.” To Alfred, this obituary was a(n) 10 . He spent his lifetime alone 11 things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered. This unfortunate event inspired him to make changes in his will, so as to 12 his public image, and to be remembered for a good cause. In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last 13 saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great 14 to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. To widespread astonishment, Dr. Alfred Nobel 15 94% of his total wealth to found the five Nobel Prizes. 1．A．remembering B．funding C．crediting D．honouring 2．A．pattern B．conduct C．nature D．affair 3．A．deadly B．usable C．massive D．disastrous 4．A．reference B．hesitation C．efforts D．wisdom 5．A．built up B．put up C．broke up D．brought up 6．A．purposefully B．mistakenly C．unintentionally D．instantly 7．A．scared B．relieved C．impressed D．disappointed 8．A．blamed B．praised C．appreciated D．favoured 9．A．commercial B．profitable C．sufficient D．rich 10．A．error B．threat C．warning D．consequence 11．A．inventing B．destroying C．combining D．revealing 12．A．establish B．improve C．impact D．confirm 13．A．request B．illustration C．application D．will 14．A．contributions B．trial C．comments D．damage 15．A．called for B．gave away C．took off D．cut back 四、书信写作 A （25-26高一上·浙江杭州·期末）假定你是李华，在新西兰一所高中做交换生。你们小组在学校举行的以“科技改变生活”为主题的海报设计大赛中获奖。请代表你们小组做经验分享，内容包括： 1.创作过程； 2.你的感想。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear fellow students, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ B （24-25高一下·湖南·期末）假如你是李华，学校将开展“弘扬科学家精神”的英语演讲比赛。请你用英文介绍一位你最尊敬和爱戴的科学家。内容包括： 1. 对该人物的简单介绍； 2. 尊敬和爱戴的原因； 3. 从其身上得到的启示。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡上的相应位置作答。 Ladies and gentlemen, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you all for listening! 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 Units 3~4（语篇综合练） （建议用时：40分钟） 语法填空 A 脑机接口（BCI）技术的发展、应用、分类及未来应用拓展 语法填空 B 第十五届全运会高科技产品应用及对体育产业的长远影响 语法填空 C 物理学家杨振宁的生平、科学成就与家国情怀 语法填空 D 物理学家爱因斯坦的人生经历、科学贡献与人格特点 阅读理解 A 车载触摸屏的流行起源(特斯拉Model S)，并探讨了其安全性争议，以及物理按键回归和语音控制的新趋势。 阅读理解 B 安卓手机地震预警系统（AEA）的研发、优势、工作方式与未来应用 阅读理解 C 珍・古道尔的黑猩猩开创性研究及动物保护相关理念 阅读理解 D 诺贝尔物理学奖得主杨振宁的生平、学术成就与国籍变更经历 阅读理解 E “杂交水稻之父” 袁隆平的生平、杂交水稻科研贡献与研究方向转变 阅读理解 F 科技在沟通、教育、智能家居、健康等方面对日常生活的影响及使用挑战 完形填空 A 科技对远程亲情沟通的积极作用与合理使用科技的重要性 完形填空 B 阿尔弗雷德・诺贝尔发明炸药的历程、诺贝尔奖设立的缘由与过程 书信写作 A “科技改变生活” 主题海报设计大赛获奖创作过程与个人感悟 书信写作 B “弘扬科学家精神” 英语演讲 —— 介绍袁隆平及从中获得的人生启示 一、语法填空 A （25-26高一上·湖北武汉·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology, a direct communication pathway between the brain and external devices, 1 (make) remarkable progress in the past decade. It works by detecting electrical signals generated by brain cells, 2 (convert) them into commands that computers or machines can understand. What makes BCI truly groundbreaking is 3 it enables people with disabilities to regain control of their lives. For example, patients who are paralyzed can use BCIs 4 (operate) wheelchairs, type on screens or even play musical instruments, simply by thinking about these actions. The key to this process lies in the 5 (precise) of the technology, as even tiny errors in signal interpretation will lead to incorrect movements. Most BCIs today rely on invasive devices 6 (place) directly into the brain tissue, 7 method that ensures high signal quality but carries risks of infection. However, researchers recently developed non-invasive BCIs 8 use wearable sensors positioned on the scalp. These devices are safer and more convenient, though they are less accurate than their invasive counterparts. 9 is predicted that in the near future BCIs will move 10 medical applications. They may allow healthy people to control smart home devices with their minds or enhance cognitive abilities such as memory and focus. 【答案】 1．has made 2．converting 3．that 4．to operate 5．precision 6．placed 7．a 8．that/which 9．It 10．beyond 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了脑机接口（BCI）技术过去十年发展显著，可将脑信号转为指令，帮助残障人士重获生活能力。它分侵入式与非侵入式，未来有望超越医疗，应用于智能家居与提升认知。 1．考查时态。句意：脑机接口（BCI）技术是一种连接大脑与外部设备的直接通信途径，过去十年间其发展取得了显著成就。根据后文in the past decade可知为现在完成时，主语为technology，助动词用has。故填has made。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：它的工作原理是：首先检测大脑细胞产生的电信号，然后将这些信号转化为计算机或机器能够理解的指令。此处convert与上文句子构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填converting。 3．考查表语从句。句意：BCI的真正突破性之处在于，它能让身患残疾的人重新掌控自己的生活。引导表语从句，从句不缺少成分和句意，故填that。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，瘫痪患者可以通过脑机接口技术来操作轮椅、在屏幕上打字，甚至演奏乐器，他们只需通过思考这些动作即可完成操作。短语use sth. to do sth.表示“用……做某事”，不定式作目的状语。故填to operate。 5．考查名词。句意：这一过程的关键在于技术的精确性，因为哪怕在信号解读上出现微小的偏差，也会导致动作出现错误。作介词的宾语，用名词precision。故填precision。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：目前大多数脑机接口系统都依赖于直接植入大脑组织的侵入式设备，这种方法能确保信号质量高，但存在感染的风险。此处place与devices构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填placed。 7．考查冠词。句意：目前大多数脑机接口系统都依赖于直接植入大脑组织的侵入式设备，这种方法能确保信号质量高，但存在感染的风险。此处method为泛指，且是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 8．考查定语从句。句意：然而，研究人员最近开发出了一种无需侵入性的脑机接口技术，该技术利用放置在头皮上的可穿戴传感器来实现。限制性定语从句修饰先行词non-invasive BCIs，在从句作主语，指物，故填that/which。 9．考查it用法。句意：据预测，在不久的将来，脑机接口技术将不再仅限于医疗领域的应用，而是会拓展到更多其他领域。表示“据预测……”句型为It is predicted that…，it作形式主语。故填It。 10．考查介词。句意：据预测，在不久的将来，脑机接口技术将不再仅限于医疗领域的应用，而是会拓展到更多其他领域。move beyond表示“超出”，符合句意。故填beyond。 B （25-26高一上·河北保定·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 According to the organizers, the 15th National Games features more than 130 high-tech products. At the first-ever cross-boundary Games, 1 (host) by the Guangdong-HongKong-Macao Greater Bay Area, robots are used across multiple 2 (event). The men’s road cycling race made history by routing cyclists through all three regions for the first time, with cutting-edge technology playing 3 important role in ensuring safety and efficiency. Cycling is highly sensitive to weather, and the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge often sees 4 (strong) winds than inland areas. Traditional water patrols (巡逻) were often affected by weather and water conditions. Unmanned patrol boats, 5 are equipped with radar, cameras and life-saving systems, are more efficient. Technology also extends beyond athletes and referees (裁判), 6 (benefit) all participants at the Games. Hearing-impaired spectators (观众) can connect with remote sign-language interpreters with a single click and share the 7 (excite) of the Games. Experts believe high-tech deployments at the Games will have a lasting effect 8 industry. “Our company 9 (work) on major events such as the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics so far, and each large-scale competition is a valuable opportunity 10 (advance) the industry,” said Li Ji, head of a sports technology company in Shenzhen. 【答案】 1．hosted 2．events 3．an 4．stronger 5．which 6．benefiting 7．excitement 8．on 9．has worked/ has been working 10．to advance 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了第十五届全运会中高科技产品的应用，涵盖赛事管理、安全保障和观众体验等多个方面，并展望了科技对体育产业的持续影响。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：这场首次由粤港澳大湾区承办的跨境运动会，在多个赛事项目中都投入了机器人的使用。句子已有谓语动词are used，空处作非谓语，逻辑主语the first-ever cross-boundary Games与动词host之间是被动关系，应用其过去分词hosted作后置定语。故填hosted。 2．考查名词。句意：这场首次由粤港澳大湾区承办的跨境运动会，在多个赛事项目中都投入了机器人的使用。multiple意为“多个的”，后接可数名词复数形式，应用event的复数events。故填events。 3．考查冠词。句意：男子公路自行车赛首次让车手们穿越三地完成赛程，创造了历史，尖端技术在保障赛事安全与高效运转方面发挥了重要作用。play an important role in为固定搭配，表示“在……中发挥重要作用”。important以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。故填an。 4．考查形容词比较级。句意：自行车运动对天气变化高度敏感，而港珠澳大桥区域的风力往往比内陆地区更强。由句中的than可知，此处存在比较关系，需用形容词strong的比较级stronger，表示“比内陆地区更强的风”。故填stronger。 5．考查定语从句。句意：配备了雷达、摄像头和救生系统的无人巡逻艇，工作效率要更高。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Unmanned patrol boats，指物，且从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词which来引导。故填which。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：技术的应用范围还不止于运动员和裁判，它让本届运动会的所有参与者都从中受益。句子已有谓语动词extends，空处作非谓语，逻辑主语Technology与动词benefit之间是主动关系，应用其现在分词benefiting，作结果状语。故填benefiting。 7．考查名词。句意：听障观众只需轻轻一点，就能连线远程手语翻译，共享这场运动会的激动时刻。定冠词the后需接名词，excite的名词形式是excitement，为不可数名词，share the excitement of the Games表示“分享赛事的激动人心之处”。故填excitement。 8．考查介词。句意：专家认为，本届运动会上的高科技应用将会对相关产业产生深远影响。have an effect on为固定搭配，表示 “对……产生影响”。故填on。 9．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“到目前为止，我们公司已经参与了包括2022年北京冬奥会在内的多项重大赛事相关工作，而每一场大型赛事都是推动行业发展的宝贵契机。” 深圳一家体育科技公司的负责人李吉如是说道。空处作谓语，由时间状语so far“到目前为止”可知，句子需用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，主语Our company是单数，动词work应变为has worked或has been working。故填has worked/has been working。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：“到目前为止，我们公司已经参与了包括1022年北京冬奥会在内的多项重大赛事相关工作，而每一场大型赛事都是推动行业发展的宝贵契机。” 深圳一家体育科技公司的负责人李吉如是说道。an opportunity to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“做某事的机会”，空处应用动词不定式，作后置定语修饰opportunity。故填to advance。 C （25-26高一上·浙江宁波·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Tsinghua University announced on October 18 that Yang Zhenning, 1 world-renowned physicist and Nobel Prize winner, passed away in Beijing at the age of 103 due to illness. Born in 1922, Yang spent his childhood in Tsinghua Campus, 2 he earned the nickname “Big Head Yang”. He learned 3,000 characters by age 4 and could recite ancient Chinese classics 3 (fluent) as a child. At 12, after reading a book about the universe, he told his parents he would win the Nobel Prize someday-a bold dream that came true. His 4 (science) achievements reshaped physics. In 1957, he and Li Zhengdao won the Nobel Prize in Physics for discovering “parity non-conservation” in weak interactions, 5 (become) China’s first physics Nobel laureates. His 1954 “Yang-Mills Gauge Theory” was even more influential — it laid the foundation for understanding fundamental particles, 6 six later Nobel winners building on his work. Yang loved his country deeply. In 1971, he became the first major Chinese scholar 7 (visit) China after Sino-U.S. relations thawed, bridging academic exchanges. Since 1999, he 8 (teach) at Tsinghua, even lecturing freshmen. It is his 9 (curious) and dedication to research 10 inspire us to love learning lifelong. 【答案】 1．a 2．where 3．fluently 4．scientific 5．becoming 6．with 7．to visit 8．has been teaching 9．curiosity 10．that 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了世界著名物理学家、诺贝尔奖获得者杨振宁于10月18日在北京因病去世，享年103岁，并回顾了他的生平事迹、科学成就以及对祖国的热爱。 1．考查冠词。句意：清华大学10月18日宣布，世界著名物理学家、诺贝尔奖获得者杨振宁在北京因病去世，享年103岁。根据空后“world-renowned physicist and Nobel Prize winner”可知，此处表示泛指，且world-renowned是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以空处需用不定冠词a。故填a。 2．考查定语从句。句意：杨振宁192年出生，在清华校园度过了童年，在那里获得了“大头杨”的绰号。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tsinghua Campus，在从句中作地点状语，因此用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 3．考查副词。句意：他4岁时就学会了3000个汉字，小时候就能流利地背诵中国古代经典。空处需用副词fluently“流利地”作状语，修饰动词recite。故填fluently。 4．考查形容词。句意：他的科学成就重塑了物理学。空处需用形容词scientific“科学的”作定语，修饰名词achievements。故填scientific。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：1957年，他和李政道因发现弱相互作用中的“宇称不守恒”而获得诺贝尔物理学奖，成为中国首批物理学诺贝尔奖得主。句子已有谓语动词won，此处应用非谓语动词形式，表示自然而然的结果，用现在分词作结果状语。故填becoming。 6．考查with复合结构。句意：他1954年的“杨-米尔斯规范理论”影响更大——它为理解基本粒子奠定了基础，后来有六位诺贝尔奖获得者在他的研究基础上进行工作。此处是with的复合结构，其构成为：with+宾语+宾语补足语，此处six later Nobel winners作宾语，building on his work作宾语补足语。故填with。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：1971年，中美关系解冻后，他成为第一位访问中国的中国主要学者，促进了学术交流。空处需用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词scholar，表示第一个做某事的人，scholar被序数词first修饰，用动词不定式形式。故填to visit。 8．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自1999年以来，他一直在清华大学任教，甚至给新生讲课。根据时间状语“Since 1999”可知，空处谓语动词需用现在完成进行时态：has/have been doing，表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者刚刚终止，或者可能仍然要继续下去，主语是第三人称单数he，所以空处助动词需用has。故填has been teaching。 9．考查名词。句意：正是他对研究的好奇心和奉献精神激励着我们终身热爱学习。根据空前his可知，空处需用名词curiosity与后文的dedication并列作主语，表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。 10．考查强调句型。句意同上。本句是强调句型：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分，此处被强调部分是主语“his 9 (curious) and dedication to research”，指物，所以空处需用that。故填that。 D （24-25高一下·山东潍坊·期末）阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Albert Einstein, who is the greatest scientist in modern physics, 1 (consider) one of the smartest men. He made numerous contributions to the world. Einstein was not only a genius; he was a courageous and kind figure 2 (love) by many people. At 16, Einstein tried to enter university in Switzerland, 3 failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam. One year later, he managed 4 (pass) the exam, entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900. In 1902, Einstein took a job in the Swiss patent office, where he continued to study, earning 5 doctor’s degree in physics. In 1905, he published four extraordinary physics papers. Following this, he 6 (gradual) became famous throughout the world 7 the new Isaac Newton. In 1922, he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics. When Hitler came to power, Einstein, 8 was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions closed to him. As a consequence, he had to flee Germany. To the public, he was seen as a kind and funny man. Einstein often encountered people on the street who would stop him and ask him to help explain things. After many such 9 (occasion), he finally started saying, “Pardon me! Sorry! Always I am mistaken for Professor Einstein!” On 18 April 1955, Einstein passed away, 10 (leave) the world mourning the loss of a brilliant scientist. 【答案】 1．is considered 2．loved 3．but 4．to pass 5．a 6．gradually 7．as 8．who 9．occasions 10．leaving 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了爱因斯坦的生平成就与人格魅力，并强调了他从考试失败到科学巨匠的奋斗历程，以及纳粹时期作为犹太人的遭遇。 1．考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦是现代物理学中最伟大的科学家，他被认为是最聪明的人之一。空处作句子的谓语，此处在描述一般性的事实，时态应用一般现在时，consider“认为”和主语Albert Einstein之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是单数，be动词应用is。故填is considered。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：爱因斯坦不仅是天才，还是一个勇敢而善良、深受爱戴的人物。句子已有谓语，空处是非谓语，作figure的后置定语，love“喜爱”和figure逻辑上是被动关系，因此用love的过去分词形式。故填loved。 3．考查连词。句意：16岁时，爱因斯坦试图进入瑞士的大学，但因入学考试综合部分的分数太低而失败。根据“tried to enter”和“failed”可知，前后存在转折关系，需用并列连词but“但是”连接谓语。故填but。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：一年后，他成功通过考试，于1896年入学，1900年毕业。 manage to do为固定短语，意为“成功做到某事”，因此用pass“通过”的不定式形式。故填to pass。 5．考查冠词。句意：1902年，爱因斯坦在瑞士专利局工作，期间继续学习，并获得了一个物理学博士学位。空处表示泛指，意为“一个物理学博士学位”，应用不定冠词，且doctor的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。 6．考查副词。句意：此后，他逐渐闻名世界，被誉为新一代的艾萨克·牛顿。空处修饰动词became，副词gradually符合题意，意为“逐渐地”。故填gradually。 7．考查介词。句意：此后，他逐渐闻名世界，被誉为新一代的艾萨克·牛顿。结合“the new Isaac Newton”可知，固定搭配become famous as“作为……而出名”符合题意。故填as。 8．考查定语从句。句意：希特勒上台后，爱因斯坦作为犹太人发现学术机构对他关闭了大门。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词Einstein作补充说明，先行词指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who作引导词。故填who。 9．考查名词的数。句意：经历多次这样的场合后，他终于开始说：“抱歉！对不起！大家总是把我误认为爱因斯坦教授！”空处作After的宾语，many后可数名词occasion“场合”应用复数形式。故填occasions。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：1955年4月18日，爱因斯坦逝世，让世界为失去这位卓越的科学家而哀悼。空处句子主干成分完整，空处表示随着谓语行为自然发生的结果，作结果状语，应用leave的现在分词形式。故填leaving。 二、阅读理解 A （25-26高一上·江苏宿迁·期中）Tesla’s Model S wasn’t the first car to have a touchscreen, but its simple interior (内饰) — built around a large, high-quality full-color screen — started the obvious trend for in-car touchscreens that has lasted more than ten years. Today, nearly every new car coming off the production line comes equipped with a high-tech touchscreen. It controls almost all functions: adjusting the air conditioner, choosing music playlists, and even operating advanced safety features like automatic lane-keeping assistance. But a critical question remains: are touchscreens safe for drivers behind the wheel? Critics put forward a simple and convincing argument. If playing with a smartphone while driving is widely known to be distracting (令人分心的) and dangerous and can lead to heavy fines in many countries, then adjusting a car’s touchscreen while driving on the road is probably just as risky, if not more so. Physical controls have a big advantage: drivers can learn their position by heart, pressing buttons or turning dials without taking their eyes off the road for even a moment. Touchscreens, however, don’t give any physical feedback. They force users to tap through many sub-menus to find settings, creating a dangerous distraction. Research strongly supports these concerns. A 2022 test compared 11 cars with touchscreens to cars with traditional physical buttons. Common tasks like switching radio stations or adjusting the temperature took about 10 seconds in the old car. But in a touchscreen-equipped car, the same tasks took a surprising 45 seconds. A 2024 study used special cameras to track drivers’ eyes. It found that even the fastest task — adjusting the temperature — distracted drivers for 3.5 seconds on average. Safety organizations are now taking action. New rules from Euro NCAP, Europe’s top car safety rating system, say no car can earn a full five-star safety score unless key functions — like turn signals and air conditioning — are controlled by physical switches. Some car companies have already started putting buttons back in their new models because drivers are turning away from touchscreens. Due to drivers’ growing aversion to touchscreens, carmakers are turning their attention to voice control, a technology that brings its own set of unanswered questions about safety and usability. 1．What do we know about Tesla’s Model S from the first paragraph? A．It was the first car to be equipped with a touchscreen B．It focused on safety features by using physical buttons. C．It acted as a pioneer in popularizing touchscreens in cars. D．It had a high-quality touchscreen controlling all car functions. 2．Why are physical controls safer than touchscreens according to critics? A．They can lead to heavy fines for drivers. B．They operate faster with simpler sub-menus. C．They offer more functions than touchscreen systems. D．They can be used without looking away from the road. 3．Why does the author include the 2022 test and 2024 study in paragraph 3? A．To supply evidence supporting the critics’ concerns. B．To compare the efficiency of car control research methods. C．To prove adjusting temperature is the most distracting task. D．To show differences in touchscreen and physical car controls. 4．What does the underlined word “aversion” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Great curiosity. B．Deep dislike. C．Good habit. D．Strong interest. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了车载触摸屏的流行起源(特斯拉Model S)，并探讨了其安全性争议，以及物理按键回归和语音控制的新趋势。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Tesla’s Model S wasn’t the first car to have a touchscreen (特斯拉Model S并非首款配备触摸屏的汽车)”及“started the obvious trend for in-car touchscreens that has lasted more than ten years. (开启了车载触摸屏的主流趋势，这一趋势已持续十余年)”可知，特斯拉Model S虽不是首款配备触摸屏的汽车，却是普及车载触摸屏的引领者。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Physical controls have a big advantage: drivers can learn their position by heart, pressing buttons or turning dials without taking their eyes off the road (物理按键具备一大优势：司机能熟记其位置，无需移开视线即可按按键或转动旋钮)”可知，批评者认为物理按键更安全是因为司机无需移开视线即可操作。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Research strongly supports these concerns. A 2022 test compared 11 cars with touchscreens to cars with traditional physical buttons. (研究有力地支持了这些担忧。2022年的一项测试将11辆配备触摸屏的汽车与配备传统物理按钮的汽车进行了比较)”及“A 2024 study used special cameras to track drivers’ eyes. (2024年的一项研究使用特殊摄像机跟踪司机的眼睛)”可知，作者引用测试和研究是为了提供证据支持批评者对触摸屏安全性的担忧。故选A。 4．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Some car companies have already started putting buttons back in their new models because drivers are turning away from touchscreens. Due to drivers’ growing aversion to touchscreens, carmakers are turning their attention to voice control, a technology that brings its own set of unanswered questions about safety and usability. (一些汽车公司已经开始在他们的新车型上重新安装按钮，因为司机们不再使用触摸屏。由于驾驶员对触摸屏的____日益加深，汽车制造商正将注意力转向语音控制，这项技术本身也带来了一系列关于安全性和可用性的悬而未决的问题)”可知，车企回归物理按键是因为司机不使用触摸屏，可推知不使用触摸屏是因为司机对其反感，aversion与Deep dislike意思相近。故选B。 B （25-26高一下·云南昭通·开学考试）Based on a three-year-long study on millions of phones in ninety-eight countries, researchers found the global network of Android smartphones makes a useful earthquake early warning system, which can detect (探测) earthquakes and give users valuable seconds to act before the shaking starts. Many countries have used traditional earthquake early warning systems with networks of earthquake sensors (感应器) to detect quakes and issue warnings across the affected area. Building such networks is expensive, and many areas where earthquakes are common do not have them. What they do have, however, are smartphones, which have built-in movement sensors. Using Android smartphones — which account for 70% of the global smartphone market — researchers developed the Android Earthquake Alert (AEA) system. “Although AEA is not always as timely as the traditional network detection, it can still detect small shaking during strong earthquakes,” says Allen, the leader of the study. Working in the same way as traditional earthquake detection systems, the AEA system will transmit two types of alerts (警报) to the phone after detecting an earthquake. For earthquakes of magnitude 4.5 or higher, the system sends “Take Action” alerts to users. These alerts are designed to draw users’ attention immediately and remind them to take protective actions. It also delivers “Be aware” alerts to areas expected to experience a shaking of magnitude 3 or 4. To test how effective these alerts were, the researchers used search engines to collect voluntary answers. Results from around 15.5 million people showed that 87% of them did indeed experience shaking, with 36% receiving the alert before the ground began to move, 28% during and 23% after. Now, the researchers are focused on improving the AEA system. “We think that we can continue to improve the quality of earthquake detection, and also improve on our strategies to deliver effective alerts.” says Allen. In the future, Allen and his teammates hope to use the same information to produce other disaster-reducing tools. Maps of ground shaking, for example, could help the emergency rescue after an earthquake. 1．What is AEA’s advantage over the traditional earthquake early warning system? A．It uses more advanced sensors. B．It is cheaper and more widely accessible. C．It can prevent earthquakes from happening. D．It is more exact in detecting every small quake. 2．Which word can replace the underlined word “transmit” in paragraph 3? A．Send. B．Control. C．Train. D．Trust. 3．What is the current focus of the researchers? A．Stop AEA research and switch to new projects. B．Sell the AEA system to smartphone companies. C．Raise detection quality and improve alert delivery. D．Replace all traditional detection systems with AEA． 4．Which could be a suitable title for the text? A．Worldwide Research on Smartphones B．How to Protect Yourself in Earthquakes C．The Disadvantages of Traditional Sensors D．Android Phones: New Earthquake Early Warning System 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍研究人员利用安卓手机研发地震预警系统，该系统成本低、覆盖广，并介绍其工作原理、测试效果及未来改进方向。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Building such networks is expensive, and many areas where earthquakes are common do not have them. What they do have, however, are smartphones, which have built-in movement sensors.(建立这样的网络成本很高，而且许多地震多发地区没有这样的网络。然而，他们所拥有的是智能手机，智能手机内置了运动传感器。)”可知，AEA系统相比传统地震预警系统的优势是更便宜、更容易普及。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Working in the same way as traditional earthquake detection systems, the AEA system will transmit two types of alerts to the phone after detecting an earthquake. For earthquakes of magnitude 4.5 or higher, the system sends “Take Action” alerts to users.(AEA系统的工作方式与传统地震探测系统相同，在探测到地震后会向手机transmit两种警报。对于4.5级或更高的地震，系统会向用户发送“采取行动”警报。)”可知，后文出现同义表达sends（发送），由此可猜测“transmit”意为“发送”。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Now, the researchers are focused on improving the AEA system. “We think that we can continue to improve the quality of earthquake detection, and also improve on our strategies to deliver effective alerts.” says Allen.(现在，研究人员正致力于改进AEA系统。艾伦说：“我们认为我们可以继续提高地震探测的质量，同时改进发送有效警报的策略。”)”可知，研究人员目前的重点是提高探测质量和改进警报发送方式。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“Based on a three-year-long study on millions of phones in ninety-eight countries, researchers found the global network of Android smartphones makes a useful earthquake early warning system, which can detect (探测) earthquakes and give users valuable seconds to act before the shaking starts. (基于一项在98个国家对数百万部手机进行的为期三年的研究，研究人员发现，全球安卓智能手机网络构成了一个实用的地震预警系统，它可以探测地震，并在震动开始前为用户提供宝贵的行动时间。)”可知，文章开篇点明安卓智能手机网络构成了实用的地震预警系统；后文依次介绍该系统相比传统系统的优势、工作方式、测试结果以及研究团队的改进计划和未来展望，由此可知，全文始终围绕“安卓手机作为新型地震预警系统”展开，因此“Android Phones: New Earthquake Early Warning System”最适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 C （25-26高一上·福建漳州·期末）Jane Goodall’s research on chimpanzees (黑猩猩) redefined what it meant to be human. She offers a perfect example of how to change the world for the better without becoming negative, or narrow-minded. Her life journey is truly inspiring. As a little girl in the 1930s England, she was amazed at the animals in her backyard. Later, her pioneering research on chimpanzees in Tanzania challenged the way people defined (下定义) what it meant to be human. Goodall’s observations in the forests of Gombe, Tanzania, showed that the most successful chimp leaders were gentle and caring. She also made a pioneering discovery: chimpanzees use tools. Until then, scientists believed only humans could use tools. This discovery caused anthropologist (人类学家) Louis Leakey to declare, “Now we must redefine tool, redefine Man, or accept chimpanzees as human.” Goodall wasn’t formally trained in science when she began her work, but Leakey chose her for that very reason. He believed an open mind was extremely important and necessary for breakthrough discoveries and held the view that the formal training sometimes limited creativity. He also thought women might be more patient and observant than men — a belief Goodall proved right. She treated animals as individuals with emotions, gave them names rather than numbers, and described their communities as being almost tribal (部落). Goodall was also a storyteller. She believed in the power of stories to help people understand animals and nature. Through the Jane Goodall Institute, she started Roots & Shoots, which teaches children how to help animals and the environment. One of her most powerful lessons is this: “The greatest danger to our future is our apathy. That’s to say, each one of us must take responsibility for our own lives, and above all, show respect and love for living things around us, especially each other.” Goodall’s warmth, and love for animals always made her a role model for the world. 1．What challenged people’s understanding of human? A．Goodall’s story. B．Chimps’ using tools. C．Chimps’ leading ability. D．Goodall’s observations. 2．What mainly caused Leakey to choose Goodall? A．Her open mind. B．Her high degree. C．Her good patience. D．Her rich training. 3．What does the underlined word “apathy” probably mean in paragraph 4? A．A strong desire. B．An absence of concern. C．A failure to make decisions. D．A feeling of self-confidence. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．A Proof of Redefining Human B．A Storyteller of Animal Protection C．A Pioneer in Chimpanzee Research D．A Project for Chimpanzee Research 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍珍·古道尔在黑猩猩研究方面的开创性贡献、研究特点，以及她为动物保护和环境所做的努力，展现其榜样力量。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“She also made a pioneering discovery: chimpanzees use tools. Until then, scientists believed only humans could use tools. This discovery caused anthropologist Louis Leakey to declare, “Now we must redefine tool, redefine Man, or accept chimpanzees as human.” (她还做出了一项开创性的发现：黑猩猩会使用工具。在此之前，科学家们认为只有人类会使用工具。这一发现让人类学家路易斯·利基宣称：“现在我们必须重新定义工具，重新定义人类，或者接受黑猩猩也是人类。”)”可知，黑猩猩会使用工具这一发现，挑战了人们对人类的理解。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Goodall wasn’t formally trained in science when she began her work, but Leakey chose her for that very reason. He believed an open mind was extremely important and necessary for breakthrough discoveries and held the view that the formal training sometimes limited creativity. (古道尔开始工作时并没有接受过正规的科学训练，但利基正是因为这个原因选择了她。他认为，开放的心态对于突破性发现至关重要且必不可少，并认为正规训练有时会限制创造力。)”可知，利基选择古道尔的主要原因是她拥有开放的心态。故选A项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“That’s to say, each one of us must take responsibility for our own lives, and above all, show respect and love for living things around us, especially each other. (也就是说，我们每个人都必须对自己的生活负责，最重要的是，要尊重和热爱我们周围的生物，尤其是彼此。)”可知，古道尔认为我们需要有责任感、懂得尊重和热爱，由此可推断，前文提到的“对未来最大的危险”应是与“负责、关爱”相反的态度，即“冷漠、不关心”。因此猜测apathy意为“冷漠、缺乏关心”。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其第二段中的“She also made a pioneering discovery: chimpanzees use tools. Until then, scientists believed only humans could use tools. This discovery caused anthropologist Louis Leakey to declare, “Now we must redefine tool, redefine Man, or accept chimpanzees as human.” (她还做出了一项开创性的发现：黑猩猩会使用工具。在此之前，科学家们认为只有人类会使用工具。这一发现让人类学家路易斯·利基宣称：“现在我们必须重新定义工具，重新定义人类，或者接受黑猩猩也是人类。”)”可知，文章主要围绕珍·古道尔展开，重点介绍了她在坦桑尼亚贡贝森林对黑猩猩进行的开创性研究——发现黑猩猩会使用工具、研究黑猩猩的领导特质，以及她未接受正规训练却凭借开放心态取得突破性成果，展现了她在黑猩猩研究领域的先驱地位。因此C项“大猩猩研究领域的先驱”可作为本文的最佳标题。故选C项。 D （25-26高一上·安徽六安·期中）Chinese Nobel Prize-winning physicist Chen Ning Yang, one of the most influential scientists in modern physics, died in Beijing on Saturday. “He was 103. He is one of the greatest physicists of the 20th century, having made revolutionary contributions to the development of modern physics,” the statement from the Tsinghua University said, praising his contribution to China’s scientific and educational developments. Yang won the Nobel Prize in 1957 with Tsung-Dao Lee for their investigation of the so-called parity laws that led to “important discoveries regarding the elementary particles,” according to the Nobel Prize website. They were the first Chinese-born Nobel Prize winners in physics. In his speech at the Nobel Banquet at the time, he said he was as proud of his Chinese heritage as he was devoted to modern science, a part of human civilization of Western origin. “I am filled with an awareness of the fact that I am in more than one sense a product of both the Chinese and Western cultures, in harmony and in conflict,” according to his speech, shared on the Nobel Prize website. Yang, also known as Frank or Franklin, was also famous for his Yang-Mills theory developed with American physicist Robert Mills. Born in 1922, Yang was brought up surrounded by the Tsinghua campus, where his father was a math professor, the website said. After finishing his undergraduate degree, he obtained his master’s degree from Tsinghua. He entered the University of Chicago in the United States to pursue a doctorate in 1946 and was strongly influenced by Italian-American physicist Enrico Fermi, who had won the same Nobel Prize in 1938, the website said. He later became a professor at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. In 1986, he became a distinguished Professor-at-large at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, to which he generously donated many of his awards and articles, including the Nobel Prize. Starting from 1999, he served as a professor at Tsinghua. According to a 2017 report by China’s official news agency Xinhua, Yang had obtained American citizenship in 1964. He said it was a painful decision, one that his father had not forgiven him for. Later, he renounced his U.S. citizenship in 2015, but he still thought U.S. was a beautiful country that gave him good opportunities in studying science, the report said. 1．What can we learn about Chen Ning Yang from the passage? A．He was the most outstanding physicist in the 20th century. B．He made great contributions to science and education. C．He donated the Nobel Prize to the Tsinghua University. D．He became the only Chinese to win the Nobel Prize. 2．What can be inferred about Yang’s academic and cultural background? A．Fermi directly helped Yang develop Yang-Mills theory. B．His achievements were mainly influenced by his father. C．His study experiences shaped his different cultural identities. D．He considered the U.S. a better research place than China. 3．What does the underlined word “renounced” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．applied for B．gave up C．held onto D．showed respect for 4．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To show Yang’s contributions to science. B．To explain the reasons for Yang’s success. C．To compare Yang’s life in China and the United States. D．To introduce Yang’s life experiences and achievements. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了诺贝尔物理学奖得主杨振宁的生平经历、学术成就及对科学教育事业的贡献。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“He is one of the greatest physicists of the 20th century, having made revolutionary contributions to the development of modern physics,” the statement from the Tsinghua University said, praising his contribution to China’s scientific and educational developments.(清华大学在声明中称：“他是20世纪最伟大的物理学家之一，为现代物理学的发展作出了革命性贡献”，并赞扬了他对中国科教事业发展的贡献) ”可知，杨振宁不仅在科学领域贡献卓越，还为中国的教育事业发展助力。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中的““I am filled with an awareness of the fact that I am in more than one sense a product of both the Chinese and Western cultures, in harmony and in conflict,” according to his speech, shared on the Nobel Prize website.(诺贝尔奖官网公布的其演讲内容显示，“我深切意识到，在多重意义上，我都是中西方文化共同作用的产物，这种文化影响既有和谐之处，亦存在冲突。”)”以及后文他在国内完成本科和硕士学业、赴美攻读博士并留校任教的经历可知，他的求学经历塑造了他兼具中西方的双重文化身份。故选C项。 3．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中的“According to a 2017 report by China’s official news agency Xinhua, Yang had obtained American citizenship in 1964.(据中国官方通讯社新华社2017年的一篇报道，杨振宁于1964年加入了美国国籍)”以及“but he still thought U.S. was a beautiful country that gave him good opportunities in studying science (但他仍然认为美国是一个美丽的国家，为他提供了良好的科学研究机会)”的转折关系可知，前后内容形成对比，前文讲获得美国国籍，后文应是放弃美国国籍，因此猜测renounced意为“放弃”，与gave up同义。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。文章第一段介绍了杨振宁的逝世及总体贡献，第二段讲述他获得诺贝尔奖的成就，第三至六段依次介绍他的学术理论、成长背景、求学经历、执教生涯及国籍变更情况，整体围绕杨振宁的生平经历和学术成就展开。因此本文的目的是介绍杨振宁的生平经历和成就。故选D项。 E （23-24高一上·陕西西安·期末）“Father of hybrid rice” Yuan Longping passed away at 13: 07 pm in Changsha of Hunan province, 1 . 2 . The globally renown agronomist (农学家) known for developing the first hybrid rice strains, was born on the ninth day of the seventh month in 1930, according to the lunar calendar. 3 --feeding nearly one-fifth of the world’s population with less than 9 percent of the world’s total land. In 1949, Yuan applied for Southwest Agricultural College and began his special connection with rice--a staple food of the Chinese people that would become the focus of his lifelong research career. A discovery of a peculiar wild rice species by Yuan in the southern island of Hainan in 1970 became the prelude (序曲) of China’s decades of hybrid rice research. Three years later, he cultivated the world’s first high- yielding hybrid rice train with three lines, namely, the male sterile, maintainer and restorer. 4 Hybrid rice recorded an annual yield about 20 percent higher than that of conventional rice strains--meaning it could feed an extra 70 million people a year. 5 In September 2017, a strain of low-cadmium indica (籼稻；籼型) rice developed by Yuan’s team and the Hunan provincial academy of agricultural sciences was able to reduce the average amount of cadmium (镉) in rice by more than 90 percent in areas suffering from heavy metal pollution. A．Yuan was undergoing treatment at a hospital, Yuan’s son Yuan Ding’an, and Yuan’s secretary Yang Yaosong confirmed. B．it is said byYuan’s son Yuan Ding’an. C．He has helped China work a great wonder. D．Now the focus of Yuan’s hybrid rice project has changed from increasing output to green and sustainable development. E．Yuan’s hybrid rice project aimed to create the best of it. F．Hybrid rice has since been grown across the Country and farmers reaped incredible output after switching to Yuan’s hybrid varieties. G．Xinhua reported on Saturday. 【答案】1．G 2．A 3．C 4．F 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平的生平和贡献。 1．根据空前““Father of hybrid rice” Yuan Longping passed away at 13: 07 pm in Changsha of Hunan province,(“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平于下午13点07分在湖南省长沙市逝世，)”可知，这是一则报道的导语。选项G“Xinhua reported on Saturday.(新华社周六报道。)”符合语境。故选G。 2．根据上文内容““Father of hybrid rice” Yuan Longping passed away at 13: 07 pm in Changsha of Hunan province(“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平于下午13点07分在湖南省长沙市逝世，)”可知，新华社报道了袁隆平的去世。选项A“Yuan was undergoing treatment at a hospital, Yuan’s son Yuan Ding’an,and Yuan’s secretary Yang Yaosong confirmed.(袁的儿子袁定安和袁的秘书杨耀松之前证实，袁正在医院接受治疗。)”与上文内容一致，袁隆平之前一直在医院接受治疗。故选A。 3．根据下文内容“--feeding nearly one-fifth of the world’s population with less than 9 percent of the world's total land. ( 用不到世界总土地的9%养活世界近五分之一的人口。)”可知，袁隆平创造了一个奇迹。选项C“He has helped China work a great wonder(他帮助中国创造了一个伟大的奇迹)”与下文内容一致，指的是袁隆平用不到世界总土地的9%养活世界近五分之一的人口，帮助中国创造了一个奇迹。故选C。 4．根据空后内容“Hybrid rice recorded an annual yield about 20 percent higher than that of conventional rice strains--meaning it could feed an extra 70 million people a year.(杂交水稻的年产量比传统水稻高出20%，这意味着它每年可以多养活7000万人。)”可知，杂交水稻的年产量比传统水稻高很多。选项F“Hybrid rice has since been grown across the Country and farmers reaped incredible output after switching to Yuan's hybrid varieties.(自那以后，杂交水稻在全国各地种植，农民们改用袁的杂交品种后收获了令人难以置信的产量。)”与下文内容一致，指的是袁新培育后的杂交水稻收获了高产量。故选F。 5．根据下文内容“In September 2017, a strain of low-cadmium indica (籼稻；籼型)rice developed by Yuan’s team and the Hunan provincial academy of agricultural sciences was able to reduce the average amount of cadmium (镉)in rice by more than 90 percent in areas suffering from heavy metal pollution. (2017年9月，袁隆平团队和湖南省农业科学院开发的一种低镉籼稻，能够在遭受重金属污染的地区将大米中的镉平均含量降低90%以上。)”可知，袁隆平团队开发了一种更健康的低镉籼稻。选项D“Now the focus of Yuan’s hybrid rice project has changed from increasing output to green and sustainable development.(现在袁的杂交水稻项目的重点已经从增产转向绿色和可持续发展。)”与下文内容保持一致，指的都是袁的杂交水稻项目转向绿色和可持续发展。故选D。 F （24-25高一下·四川遂宁·期末）How Technology Shapes Our Daily Life Technology has become an inseparable part of our lives. From waking up to alarm clocks to sleeping with smartwatches tracking our sleep patterns, it influences almost everything we do. But how exactly does it affect our daily life? 1 . ·Communication revolution Gone are the days of waiting for letters. With smartphones and social media, we can instantly connect with anyone globally. 2 . However, experts suggest balancing online interactions with face-to-face conversations to maintain healthy relationships.   ·Education evolution Online learning platforms and digital tools like language apps make education accessible anytime. 3 . For example, virtual reality (VR) can transport students to historical sites, making lessons attractive. Yet, self-discipline remains crucial for effective e-learning. · 4 Smart home devices, such as voice-controlled assistants and automatic lights, simplify household tasks. Meanwhile, wearable tech like fitness bands encourages healthier lifestyles by monitoring steps and heart rates.   ·Challenges to consider   Despite its benefits, overreliance on technology may lead to reduced physical activity or privacy concerns. 5 . Setting screen time limits and regularly unplugging can help achieve a healthier tech-life balance. A．Smart homes and health. B．Housework simplification. C．Let’s explore some key aspects. D．Technology also changes how students learn. E．Traditional classrooms are still irreplaceable. F．Therefore, managing technology use is essential. G．This instant connection has transformed how we stay in touch. 【答案】1．C 2．G 3．D 4．A 5．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了技术如何影响日常生活，涵盖了交流、教育、智能家居、健康以及相关挑战等方面。 1．根据文章首句“Technology has become an inseparable part of our lives.(科技已经成为我们生活中不可分割的一部分。)”及全文可知，第一段是文章的引言部分，提出了技术对生活的影响这一主题。选项C“Let’s explore some key aspects(让我们来探讨一些关键方面)”是一个合适的过渡句，引出了下文对技术影响具体方面的探讨，使文章能够自然地进入后续的详细阐述。故选C。 2．根据本段小标题“·Communication revolution(·沟通革命)”可知，本段介绍的是技术如何改变人们的沟通方式。选项G“This instant connection has transformed how we stay in touch (这种即时联系改变了我们保持联系的方式)”中的“This instant connection”与前文呼应，进一步说明即时联系带来的影响。故选 G。 3．根据本段小标题“·Education evolution (·教育演变)”可知，本段主要介绍了技术对教育的影响。选项D“Technology also changes how students learn(科技也改变了学生的学习方式)”直接指出了技术改变了学生的学习方式，与段落主题紧密相关，并且与后文提到的在线学习平台和数字工具等具体内容相契合。故选D。 4．空处为段落小标题。该段落“Smart home devices, such as voice-controlled assistants and automatic lights, simplify household tasks. Meanwhile, wearable tech like fitness bands encourages healthier lifestyles by monitoring steps and heart rates.(语音控制助手和自动照明灯等智能家居设备简化了家务。与此同时，像健身手环这样的可穿戴技术通过监测步数和心率来鼓励更健康的生活方式。)”主要介绍了智能设备如何简化家务以及可穿戴技术如何促进健康生活。选项A“Smart homes and health(智能家居和健康)”恰好能够概括这两方面的内容，使读者能够迅速了解该段落的主旨。故选A。 5．前文“Despite its benefits, overreliance on technology may lead to reduced physical activity or privacy concerns.(尽管它有好处，但过度依赖技术可能会导致身体活动减少或隐私问题。)” 指出过度依赖技术可能导致活动减少和隐私问题。选项F“Therefore, managing technology use is essential(因此，管理技术的使用是必要的)”强调了管理技术使用的重要性，这是对前文问题的自然回应，并且与文章最后提出的建议（如设定屏幕时间限制等）相呼应，为全文提供了一个合理的总结和建议。故选F。 三、完形填空 A （24-25高一上·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·期末）Some people say they are unhappy about technology (科技) because it takes up too much of their time. This isn’t 1 for me. Let me tell you why. I’m the youngest in the family. Because my brothers are away at 2 , I often feel lonely. Thanks to technology, I’m able to see and talk to them 3 using video calls. Sometimes, I even chat with their friends if they 4 to be around. My brothers and I are also friends on the Internet. I can see how their colleges 5 and what they are doing in their free time. I learn much more about my brothers 6 with the time when they were at home. One of them is good at taking photos, while the other 7 loves to be taken. With technology, I can communicate with my brothers anytime I want. They 8 a chat group just for the three of us. I often send messages to them, and they’ll answer whenever they are 9 . I often share my problems with them 10 they often give me some advice. They also tell me that I should always write in good English, or they won’t reply to my 11 . I have been writing so much that even my teachers notice that my 12 has improved. In a word, I don’t think that technology has 13 wrong. For my brothers and I, technology has brought us 14 . Now we communicate much more every day. We can also 15 what is happening in our lives better. Can technology bring us good or bad? It is up to how we use it. 1．A．true B．important C．fresh D．special 2．A．sea B．college C．work D．home 3．A．by B．for C．of D．from 4．A．ask B．want C．offer D．happen 5．A．look at B．look out C．look like D．look up 6．A．competed B．compared C．agreed D．provided 7．A．just B．luckily C．carefully D．suddenly 8．A．served B．bought C．made D．found 9．A．available B．upset C．necessary D．comfortable 10．A．after B．if C．and D．unless 11．A．letters B．messages C．emails D．opinions 12．A．writing B．speaking C．reading D．listening 13．A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing 14．A．louder B．angrier C．closer D．luckier 15．A．keep B．remember C．choose D．share 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．A 10．C 11．B 12．A 13．B 14．C 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述自己使用视频电话与远方的兄弟保持联系并从中受益的成长故事，说明科技对人际关系的积极影响，强调合理使用科技的重要性。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对我来说并非如此。A. true真的，如实的；B. important重要的；C. fresh新鲜的；D. special特别的。根据上文“Some people say they are unhappy about technology (科技) because it takes up too much of their time.”以及下文作者讲述科技给自己带来的好处可知，别人认为科技不好，占用了他们太多的时间，但这对作者来说这种说法不符合事实，即作者不这样认为。故选A项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为我的哥哥们在上大学，我经常感到孤独。A. sea海洋；B. college大学；C. work工作；D. home家。根据下文“I can see how their colleges ___5___ and what they are doing in their free time.”可知，作者感到孤独，应该是哥哥们在上大学。故选B项。 3．考查介词词义辨析。句意：多亏了科技，我能够通过视频通话看到他们并和他们交谈。A. by通过；B. for为了；C. of关于，属于；D. from从。根据下文的“using video calls”可知，通过视频通话作者能够看到哥哥们并和他们交谈。故选A项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时，如果他们碰巧在旁边，我甚至和他们的朋友聊天。A. ask问；B. want想要；C. offer提供；D. happen发生。根据上文的“Sometimes, I even chat with their friends”可知，此处指哥哥们的朋友碰巧在旁边时，作者会和他们聊天，happen to do sth. 意为 “碰巧做某事”。故选D项。 5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我能看到他们的大学是什么样子以及他们在空闲时间做什么。A. look at看；B. look out小心；C. look like看起来像；D. look up查阅。根据上文的“My brothers and I are also friends on the Internet.”可知，作者和哥哥们都有网上的朋友，结合“how their colleges”以及下文的“and what they are doing in their free time.”可知，此处指通过网路可以了解他们大学看起来是什么样子以及他们在空闲时做什么。故选C项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：和他们在家的时候相比，我对我的哥哥们了解得更多。A. competed竞争；B. compared比较；C. agreed同意；D. provided提供。根据语境和上文的“I learn much more about my brothers”可知，此处指的是通过网络，对哥哥们了解的更多，由此可知，此处指的是和哥哥们在家的时候作比较，compared with 意为“和……相比”。故选B项。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：其中一个擅长拍照，而另一个只是喜欢被拍。A. just只是；B. luckily幸运地；C. carefully仔细地；D. suddenly突然地。根据上文的“One of them is good at taking photos”以及while可知，while前后为对比关系，所以此处指的是一个擅长拍照，另一个“只是”喜欢被拍。故选A项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们为我们三个人建了一个聊天群。A. served服务；B. bought买；C. made制作，建造；D. found发现。根据空后“a chat group just for the three of us”以及下文“I often send messages to them, and they’ll answer whenever they are ___9___ .”可知，作者经常给他们发信息，他们可以给他回复，由此可知，此处指的是建了一个聊天群。故选C项。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我经常给他们发信息，只要他们有空就会回复我。A. available有空的；B. upset沮丧的；C. necessary必要的；D. comfortable舒服的。根据上文的“they’ll answer”可知，此处指的是只要哥哥们有空就会回复信息。故选A项。 10．考查连词词义辨析。句意：我经常和他们分享我的问题，并且他们经常给我一些建议。A. after在……之后；B. if如果；C. and并且；D. unless除非。根据上文的“I often share my problems with them”以及下文的“they often give me some advice”句意可知，前后是并列关系，用and连接。故选C项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们还告诉我，我应该一直用流利的英语写作，否则他们不会回复我的信息。A. letters信件；B. messages信息；C. emails电子邮件；D. opinions意见，观点。根据上文“I often send messages to them, and they’ll answer whenever they are ___9___ .”可知，作者经常哥哥们发信息，而他们有空就给作者恢复，结合“They also tell me that I should always write in good English, or they won’t reply”可知，此处指的是哥哥们对作者提出要求：如果不用流利的英语写作，就不会回复作者信息。故选B项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我写了很多，甚至我的老师都注意到我的写作能力提高了。A. writing写作；B. speaking说话；C. reading阅读；D. listening听。根据上文“They also tell me that I should always write in good English”可知，此处指的是写作能力提高了。故选A项。 13．考查代词词义辨析。句意：总之，我认为科技没有什么错。A. something某事；B. anything任何事；C. everything每件事；D. nothing没有什么。根据语境和上文“With technology, I can communicate with my brothers anytime I want.”可知，作者讲述科技给自己带来的好处，由此可知，作者认为科技没有什么错，I don’t think that为否定迁移，表示“没有什么错”，否定句中用anything，not...anything wrong = nothing wrong。故选B项。 14．考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：对我和我的哥哥们来说，科技让我们更亲近。A. louder更大声的；B. angrier更生气的；C. closer更近的；D. luckier更幸运的。根据上文“With technology, I can communicate with my brothers anytime I want. They ___8___ a chat group just for the three of us. I often send messages to them, and they’ll answer whenever they are ___9___ .”以及“I learn much more about my brothers”可知，作者通过科技和哥哥们保持联系，分享问题和生活，彼此了解更多，科技让他们更亲近。故选C项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们也能更好地分享我们生活中发生的事情。A. keep保持；B. remember记得；C. choose选择；D. share分享。根据上文“I can see how their colleges ___5___ and what they are doing in their free time. I learn much more about my brothers ___6___ with the time when they were at home. One of them is good at taking photos, while the other ___7___ loves to be taken.”作者和哥哥们通过聊天群交流，分享问题等可知，是更好地分享生活中发生的事情。故选D项。 B （24-25高一下·江苏苏州·期中）The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible, 1 people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields. Alfred Nobel was born in 1833 to a family of engineers in Sweden. In 1850, he met Ascanio Sobrero, the inventor of nitroglycerin (硝酸甘油) in Paris. Interested in its irregular 2 of exploding under pressure or heat, Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a 3 explosive. After years of 4 in 1867, at the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin. During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives. He 5 his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important. When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888, a French newspaper 6 published Alfred’s obituary (讣告). Reading his own obituary, Nobel was 7 to find out his public image. The newspaper strongly 8 Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became 9 by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.” To Alfred, this obituary was a(n) 10 . He spent his lifetime alone 11 things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered. This unfortunate event inspired him to make changes in his will, so as to 12 his public image, and to be remembered for a good cause. In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last 13 saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great 14 to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. To widespread astonishment, Dr. Alfred Nobel 15 94% of his total wealth to found the five Nobel Prizes. 1．A．remembering B．funding C．crediting D．honouring 2．A．pattern B．conduct C．nature D．affair 3．A．deadly B．usable C．massive D．disastrous 4．A．reference B．hesitation C．efforts D．wisdom 5．A．built up B．put up C．broke up D．brought up 6．A．purposefully B．mistakenly C．unintentionally D．instantly 7．A．scared B．relieved C．impressed D．disappointed 8．A．blamed B．praised C．appreciated D．favoured 9．A．commercial B．profitable C．sufficient D．rich 10．A．error B．threat C．warning D．consequence 11．A．inventing B．destroying C．combining D．revealing 12．A．establish B．improve C．impact D．confirm 13．A．request B．illustration C．application D．will 14．A．contributions B．trial C．comments D．damage 15．A．called for B．gave away C．took off D．cut back 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．A 9．D 10．C 11．A 12．B 13．D 14．A 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了诺贝尔奖创始人阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔因发明炸药致富，但被误登讣告称为“死亡商人”后，他用自己的财富设立诺贝尔奖，以改变世人对他的负面印象。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔奖被认为是最知名和最令人钦佩的奖项之一，表彰世界各地在不同领域取得杰出成就的人。A. remembering记住；B. funding资助；C. crediting归功于；D. honouring表彰。根据上文“The Nobel Prize”和下文“people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields”可知，诺贝尔奖是用于表彰世界各地在不同领域取得杰出成就的人。故选D。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对它在压力或高温下爆炸的不稳定性很感兴趣，他开始寻找控制它的方法，并制造出可用的爆炸物。A. pattern模式；B. conduct行为；C. nature性质；D. affair事务。根据下文“exploding under pressure or heat”可知，在压力或高温下爆炸是硝酸甘油不稳定性的体现。故选C。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对它在压力或高温下爆炸的不稳定性很感兴趣，他开始寻找控制它的方法，并制造出可用的爆炸物。A. deadly致命的；B. usable可用的；C. massive巨大的；D. disastrous灾难性的。根据下文“Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin”可知，诺贝尔发明了炸药，炸药比硝酸甘油更容易控制，也更安全，可推知他想制造可用的爆炸物。故选B。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的努力，1867年，34岁的诺贝尔发明了炸药，它比硝酸甘油更容易控制，也更安全。A. reference参考；B. hesitation犹豫；C. efforts努力；D. wisdom智慧。根据上文“Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a ____3____ explosive”以及空前“After years of”可知，发明炸药需要付出很多努力。故选C。 5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他通过355项发明积累了财富，其中炸药是最重要的发明。A. built up积累，使逐渐变大；B. put up张贴；C. broke up分手；D. brought up抚养。根据下文“his wealth from his 355 inventions”可知，诺贝尔是通过355项发明积累财富。故选A。 6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当阿尔弗雷德的兄弟路德维希于1888年去世时，一家法国报纸错误地刊登了阿尔弗雷德的讣告。A. purposefully有目的地；B. mistakenly错误地；C. unintentionally无意地；D. instantly立即地。根据上文“When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888”和下文“published Alfred’s obituary (讣告)”可知，阿尔弗雷德的兄弟路德维希去世了，但报纸刊登的讣告却是阿尔弗雷德的，因此是讣告刊登错误。故选B。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：读着自己的讣告，诺贝尔对自己的公众形象感到失望。A. scared害怕的；B. relieved宽慰的；C. impressed钦佩的，印象深刻的；D. disappointed失望的。根据下文“giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became ____9____ by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.””可知，讣告中对诺贝尔的评价是负面的，因此他对自己的公众形象感到失望。故选D。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该报强烈指责诺贝尔发明了炸药，给他起了“死亡商人”的绰号，并说：“阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士通过找到比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法而致富，他昨天去世了。”A. blamed指责；B. praised赞扬；C. appreciated欣赏；D. favoured偏爱。根据下文“giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death””可知，该报给诺贝尔起了“死亡商人”的绰号，因此是强烈指责他发明了炸药。故选A。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该报强烈指责诺贝尔发明了炸药，给他起了“死亡商人”的绰号，并说：“阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士通过找到比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法而致富，他昨天去世了。”A. commercial商业的；B. profitable赢利的，有利可图的；C. sufficient足够的；D. rich富有的。根据上文“He ____5____ his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important.”以及“giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death””可知，诺贝尔是通过发明炸药致富的。故选D。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对阿尔弗雷德来说，这则讣告是个警告。A. error错误；B. threat威胁；C. warning警告；D. consequence后果。根据下文“He spent his lifetime alone ____11____ things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered.”可知，诺贝尔非常关心人们如何记住他，但讣告表明他的公众形象很糟糕，因此这则讣告是个警告。故选C。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他一生都在独自发明，他非常关心人们如何记住他。A. inventing发明；B. destroying破坏；C. combining结合；D. revealing揭示。根据上文“his 355 inventions”可知，诺贝尔一生都在发明东西。故选A。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一不幸的事件促使他修改遗嘱，以改善他的公众形象，并为一项美好的事业而被人们记住。A. establish建立；B. improve改善；C. impact影响；D. confirm确认。根据上文“The newspaper strongly ____8____ Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became ____9____ by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.””以及下文“and to be remembered for a good cause”可知，诺贝尔的公众形象很糟糕，因此他修改遗嘱是想改善自己的公众形象。故选B。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世前一年，他在遗嘱中明确表示，他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学、生理或医学、文学和和平领域对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. request请求；B. illustration插图；C. application应用；D. will遗嘱。根据上文“This unfortunate event inspired him to make changes in his will”可知，诺贝尔是在遗嘱中分配自己的财富。故选D。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1814年，也就是诺贝尔去世前一年，他在遗嘱中明确表示，他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学、生理或医学、文学和和平领域对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. contributions贡献；B. trial试验；C. comments评论；D. damage损害。根据上文“people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields”可知，诺贝尔奖是用于奖励那些在特定领域对人类做出重大贡献的人。故选A。 15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：令世人惊讶的是，阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士捐出了他总财富的94%，创立了五项诺贝尔奖。A. called for需要，（公开）要求；B. gave away赠送，捐赠；C. took off起飞；D. cut back削减。根据下文“94% of his total wealth to found the five Nobel Prizes”可知，诺贝尔是把总财富的94%捐赠出去，创立五项诺贝尔奖。故选B。 四、书信写作 A （25-26高一上·浙江杭州·期末）假定你是李华，在新西兰一所高中做交换生。你们小组在学校举行的以“科技改变生活”为主题的海报设计大赛中获奖。请代表你们小组做经验分享，内容包括： 1.创作过程； 2.你的感想。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear fellow students, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Dear fellow students, I’m Li Hua. Our group won in the poster design contest with the theme “Technology Changes Life”. During the creation, we first discussed ideas together. Then we divided the work according to our strengths. Those good at drawing did the pictures, while others wrote the text. What we did, which was based on teamwork, made the process smooth. I feel that technology really makes our life easier and more interesting. And I’ve learned that teamwork is the key to success. I hope we can create more wonderful works in the future. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生代表获奖小组，在学校以“科技改变生活”为主题的海报设计大赛中，介绍创作过程并分享感想。 【详解】1.词汇积累 竞赛：contest → competition 优势：strength → advantage 有趣的：interesting → amusing 精彩的：wonderful → fantastic 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Our group won in the poster design contest with the theme “Technology Changes Life”. 拓展句：Our group won in the poster design contest whose theme is “Technology Changes Life”. 【点睛】【高分句型1】What we did, which was based on teamwork, made the process smooth.（运用了What引导的主语从句、which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】I feel that technology really makes our life easier and more interesting.（运用了that引导的宾语从句） B （24-25高一下·湖南·期末）假如你是李华，学校将开展“弘扬科学家精神”的英语演讲比赛。请你用英文介绍一位你最尊敬和爱戴的科学家。内容包括： 1. 对该人物的简单介绍； 2. 尊敬和爱戴的原因； 3. 从其身上得到的启示。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡上的相应位置作答。 Ladies and gentlemen, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you all for listening! 【答案】例文 Ladies and gentlemen, Today I feel honored to have this chance to deliver a speech about the most respected scientist in my heart. The scientist I admire most is Yuan Longping, who is known as “Father of Hybrid Rice”. For over half a century, Professor Yuan dedicated his life to agricultural research. Through countless experiments in rice fields under scorching sun, he successfully developed high-yield hybrid rice varieties which benefited mankind. His life teaches us that true success comes from persistent dedication. He showed us how one person’s determination can nourish an entire nation. Thank you for listening. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生对于学校将开展“弘扬科学家精神”的英语演讲比赛这一情况，用英文介绍一位自己最尊敬和爱戴的科学家。 【详解】1.词汇积累 机会：chance→ opportunity 被认为是：be known as → be regarded as 展示：show→ demonstrate 荣幸的：honored→ privileged 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Today I feel honored to have this chance to deliver a speech about the most respected scientist in my heart. 拓展句：Today I feel honored to have this chance that allows me to deliver a speech about the most respected scientist in my heart. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The scientist I admire most is Yuan Longping, who is known as “Father of Hybrid Rice”.（运用了who引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】His life teaches us that true success comes from persistent dedication.（运用了that引导的宾语从句） 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $