Unit 3 The way we are（单元自测·提升卷）英语沪教版必修第三册

Unit 3 The way we are单元自测·提升卷 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：115分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Hua Luogeng: Genius Comes from Accumulation Despite only having a high school qualification, the former Professor and Mathematician Hua Luogeng published more than 200 papers, monographs and dozens of popular works in the field of mathematical research. People often say that he is a mathematical genius, 1 Hua believes that “Genius comes from accumulation, and intelligence comes from diligence.” After graduating from junior high school, Hua, who came from a poor family, began a life of part-time work and study. He spent five years 2 (complete) all high school and university coursework in mathematics. In 1931, his publication caught the attention and gained much praise from Tsinghua Professor Xiong Qinglai. He was subsequently, transferred to the Department of Mathematics to work as an assistant. Surrounded by talents, Hua made a promise to himself. “I 3 (make) extraordinary efforts to achieve my own goals!” “They have received 4 (great) education than me so I must double my efforts in order to make up for the losses. So it people only work for 8 hours every day, I need to work 12 hours every day!” Not only was Hua hardworking in his research and development, he also held great love for his country. After the founding of New China, Hua gave up his work overseas 5 (teach) at Tsinghua. In Hong Kong, he wrote “An open letter to all the Chinese students who studied abroad in America” from which he advocated the need to return home. “We 6 return for our ideals and return home for our country and people.” Hua Luogeng has made outstanding contributions to the training of new Chinese mathematicians. He was very strict with young researchers. Every day at dawn, Hua Luogeng would go to the researchers’ dormitory and knock on their doors to start his discussion on the questions and findings 7 (raise) during the lectures. It is under such strictness 8 many of his students grew and created a new talent pool of Chinese mathematicians, some of 9 are Wan Zhexian, Lu Qikeng, Wang Yuan, Chen Jingrun and much more. In 1985, Hua Luogeng went to give lectures in Japan and he fainted on the teaching podium due to exhaustion. He worked until the last minute of his life. 10 said in a poem for him, “A general dies on the battlefield and a scholar dies in his study room. You have dedicated your entire life to academics and research and you have given your life to science.” 【答案】 1．but 2．completing 3．will make 4．greater 5．to teach 6．must 7．raised 8．that 9．whom 10．As 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了数学家华罗庚的生平事迹。 1．考查连词。句意：人们常说他是数学天才，但华罗庚认为“天才在于积累，聪明在于勤奋”。前后句子存在转折关系，用连词but连接两个分句。故填but。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：他花了五年时间完成了所有高中和大学的数学课程。spend time (in) doing sth.是固定用法，意为“花费时间做某事”，用动名词completing作宾语。故填completing。 3．考查情态动词。句意：我要付出非凡的努力来实现自己的目标！make(做，作出)是直接引语中谓语动词，根据语境，这里表达强烈的个人意愿，应用情态动词will。故填will make。 4．考查形容词比较级。句意：他们比我接受了更好的教育，所以我必须加倍努力来弥补不足。根据句意和后面的“than me”可知，要用形容词比较级greater作定语，意为“更好的”。故填greater。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：新中国成立后，华罗庚放弃了海外的工作，回到清华大学任教。“(teach) at Tsinghua”是放弃海外工作的目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。 6．考查情态动词。句意：为了我们的理想，我们必须回去，为了国家和人民，我们必须回去。结合句意及上一句中“the need to return home”可知，此处指“我们必须回国”，用情态动词must。故填must。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：每天黎明时分，华罗庚都会去研究人员的宿舍，敲门开始讨论讲座中提出的问题和发现。“(raise) during the lectures”作后置定语，raise(提出)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语“questions and findings”之间是被动关系，用过去分词raised表被动。故填raised。 8．考查强调句。句意：正是在这样的严格要求下，他的许多学生成长起来，造就了一批中国数学家的新人才库，其中有万哲先、陆启铿、王元、陈景润等等。这是一个强调句，结构是“it is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分”，这里强调的是原句中条件状语“under such strictness”，句子其它部分用that引出。故填that。 9．考查定语从句。句意：正是在这样的严格要求下，他的许多学生成长起来，造就了一批中国数学家的新人才库，其中有万哲先、陆启铿、王元、陈景润等等。“some of ____9____ are Wan Zhexian, Lu Qikeng, Wang Yuan, Chen Jingrun and much more”是一个非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词“ Chinese mathematicians”，指人，关系将其代入从句中作宾语，用关系代词whom引导从句。故填whom。 10．考查状语从句。句意：正如一首为他写的诗中所说：“将军死在战场上，学者死在书房里。你把一生都献给了学术和研究，你把生命献给了科学。”as it is said...是固定句型，意为“正如……所说”，是状语从句，可省略从句中it is；句首单词首字母大写。故填As。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．staring   B．influence   C． likely   D．shapes   E. connected   F. produce G. reviewed   H. right   I. highlights   J. reorganize   K. proving Ever since I was a little kid, I have felt guilty about daydreaming. I related to the character Bastian from the movie The Never-ending Story, especially when his father demanded, “Get your head down out of the clouds, and keep both feet on the ground!” This line, repeated throughout the film, 11 Bastian’s struggle with the fantastic nature of his daydreams. While I was never directly discouraged from dreaming as a kid, as I grew older, the 12 of my culture made me feel like I was wasting my time whenever my head was in the clouds. And yet, it never felt 13 to shut down that daydreaming. For one, it was too fun. How amazing is it that we, as humans, can go anywhere, do anything, and be a different version of ourselves — all safely within our minds? But it’s not just fun. In a 2012 issue of Perspectives on Psychological Science, researcher Mary Helen Immordino-Yang and her team 14 studies about brain activity during rest. Their research, summarized in Science Daily, found that “brain activity during rest is 15 to self-awareness, moral judgment, learning, and memory. Just like sleep helps the brain 16 to work more efficiently, daydreaming may also improve mental health and thinking.” And brain “time-outs” may also help kids learn better, possibly 17 wrong those adults who blame kids for daydreaming. “We focus on the outside world in education and don’t look much at inside—focused skills and attentions. But inner focus 18 the way we build memories, make meaning and transfer that learning into new contexts,” says Immordino-Yang. Studies Immordino-Yang looked at indicated that kids who practice inner focus are less 19 to suffer from high levels of anxiety, perform better on tests, and plan better for the future. Next time you see a kid or even an adult 20 off into space, remember that they might actually be doing important work for their mind. 【答案】 11．I 12．B 13．H 14．G 15．E 16．J 17．K 18．D 19．C 20．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者从小对白日梦感到内疚，后经研究发现白日梦有益心理健康、思维和学习，呼吁理解做白日梦的人。 11．考查动词。句意：这一情节在整部影片中反复出现，凸显了巴蒂安与自己那些奇异梦境之间所存在的冲突。根据“Bastian’s struggle with the fantastic nature of his daydreams”以及句意“凸显”可知应用动词highlight，作谓语，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为line，谓语用三单形式。故选I。 12．考查名词。句意：小时候我从未被直接劝阻不要有梦想，但随着年龄增长，文化的影响让我每当异想天开时，都觉得自己在浪费时间。根据“of my culture made me feel like I was wasting my time whenever my head was in the clouds”以及句意“影响”可知应用名词influence，作主语。故选B。 13．考查形容词。句意：然而，停止那种白日做梦的感觉从未让人觉得是对的。根据“For one, it was too fun. How amazing is it that we, as humans, can go anywhere, do anything, and be a different version of ourselves — all safely within our minds? But it’s not just fun. (首先，这太有趣了。作为人类，我们能够在脑海中安全地去往任何地方、做任何事情，成为不同版本的自己，这是多么令人惊叹啊？但这不仅仅是有趣。)”以及句意“对的”可知应用形容词right，作表语。故选H。 14．考查动词。句意：在 2012 年《心理科学展望》杂志的一期中，研究人员玛丽·海伦·伊莫迪诺-杨及其团队回顾了有关大脑在休息状态下的活动情况的相关研究。根据“studies about brain activity during rest”以及句意“回顾”可知应用动词review，发生在过去用一般过去时。故选G。 15．考查形容词。句意：据《科学日报》报道，他们的研究发现：“在休息状态下的大脑活动与自我意识、道德判断、学习以及记忆有关。”根据“to self-awareness, moral judgment, learning, and memory”以及句意“与……有关”可知应用形容词connected，作表语。故选E。 16．考查动词。句意：就像睡眠有助于大脑重新调整以提高工作效率一样，做白日梦也可能有助于改善心理健康和思维能力。根据“to work more efficiently”以及句意“重新调整”可知应用动词reorganize，上文为短语help…do sth.。故选J。 17．考查动词。句意：而且大脑的“休息时间”或许还能帮助孩子更好地学习，这或许能证明那些指责孩子爱做白日梦的成年人的看法是错误的。根据“wrong those adults who blame kids for daydreaming”以及句意“证明”可知应用现在分词proving，作状语。故选K。 18．考查动词。句意：Immordino - Yang说：“但内心的专注会影响我们构建记忆、赋予意义以及将所学知识迁移到新情境中的方式。”根据“the way we build memories, make meaning and transfer that learning into new contexts”以及句意“影响”可知应用动词shape，故选D。 19．考查形容词。句意：伊莫迪诺-杨的研究表明，那些能够保持内心专注的孩子更不容易出现严重的焦虑症状，考试成绩也更优异，对未来也有更好的规划。根据“to suffer from high levels of anxiety, perform better on tests, and plan better for the future”以及句意“不容易，不可能”可知应用形容词likely，作表语。故选C。 20．考查动词。句意：下次当你看到一个孩子，甚至是一个成年人目光呆滞地凝视着远方时，请记住，他们可能实际上正在为自己的大脑进行着重要的“工作”。根据“off into space”以及句意“凝视”可知应用动词stare，且上文为短语see sb. doing sth.。故选A。 II. Reading Comprehension (21 – 35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. How to Give Money to Good Causes It is the season for giving. Nearly two-fifths of Americans tell pollsters that they sign over more of their savings to charity in the holiday season than at any other time of year; more than two-thirds of Britons say they plan to donate money at Christmas. But the labyrinth of charities, good causes and people in need can be as 21 to navigate as the seasonal family get-together. How to give well? 22 , the idea that you should treat charitable donations methodically has been tarnished by effective altruism, a movement associated with Sam Bankman-Fried (SBF), a convicted crypto con man who insinuated that his fraudulent enterprise was ultimately all about doing good. Happily, the notion that there is a 23 way to give has a long and noble history. Aristotle suggested that 24 stemmed from correct giving to the right people, in the right amounts, for the right reasons and at the right times. For the modern giver, three considerations could usefully serve as a guide. First should be to observe your own moral 25 . Giving to rescue dying languages and to save dying children both have an intrinsic value. Religion and philosophy may help you 26 their competing claims. But ultimately, how important you find one good cause compared with another is a matter of personal 27 . Another consideration is how much 28 you should allow worthy recipients to choose between different good things for themselves. You might be fired up with the mission to lift up the neediest out of 29 . But they may prefer to spend your precious money on a funeral for a close friend than to invest in a cow as a source of future 30 . You need to decide how much to defer to their wishes. This way of thinking helps explain why schemes offering cash transfers have become more popular in recent years. GiveDirectly, which offers such handouts in poor countries, has alone raised over half a billion dollars in the past three years. The third consideration is 31 . Be it preventing river blindness, improving literacy or doling out cash, some organisations are better than others at getting the job done. However, it is not always possible to know how efficient charities are. Sometimes the dollar gains for each dollar spent are hard to 32 , if not impossible. How do you quantify whether a programme to support democracy has been successful? If an autocrat ends up in power, you may conclude the effort was futile; then again, you may think it was worth staving off democratic collapse at least for a while. Smaller charities can struggle to collect the data they need to evaluate their work. That does not mean charities that try to solve complex problems or lack data are worse; just that how well they do good is anyone’s 33 . When you can get evidence about charities’ efficiency, it should 34 your calculations. A defined goal, such as digging wells for clean water, should be measurable. So, too, should programmes that promise quick 35 . Because some charities really do get more done per dollar, whom you give to can matter as much as how much you give. 21．A．easy B．hard C．professional D．efficient 22．A．Unfortunately B．Undoubtedly C．Unexpectedly D．Unusually 23．A．random B．cautious C．wise D．creative 24．A．conflict B．innovation C．equality D．virtue 25．A．supports B．priorities C．standards D．obligations 26．A．demonstrate B．assess C．balance D．interpret 27．A．choice B．relationship C．safety D．space 28．A．time B．money C．risk D．freedom 29．A．control B．poverty C．order D．reach 30．A．income B．inspiration C．challenge D．leadership 31．A．accuracy B．consistency C．efficiency D．tendency 32．A．accept B．understand C．remember D．measure 33．A．chance B．guess C．game D．dream 34．A．check B．preserve C．enter D．perform 35．A．results B．expectations C．deliveries D．recoveries 【答案】 21．B 22．A 23．C 24．D 25．B 26．C 27．A 28．D 29．B 30．A 31．C 32．D 33．B 34．C 35．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章就如何捐钱给慈善事业最有效展开讨论。 21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，慈善机构、公益事业和需要帮助的人构成的复杂系统，与节日里家人团聚一样，让人难以应对。A. easy容易的；B. hard困难的；C. professional专业的；D. efficient高效的。根据上文“But the labyrinth of charities, good causes and people in need”可知，复杂系统让人难以应对。故选B项。 22．考查副词词义辨析。句意：遗憾的是，一种认为慈善捐赠应讲究方法的理念，因有效利他主义运动而蒙上了阴影，这个运动跟那个被判罪的加密货币骗子萨姆·班克曼-弗里德有关系，他居然说他的诈骗行为是为了做好事。A. Unfortunately不幸地；B. Undoubtedly无疑地；C. Unexpectedly出乎意料地；D. Unusually不寻常地。根据下文“the idea that you should treat charitable donations methodically has been tarnished by effective altruism”可知，这种认为慈善捐赠应讲究方法的理念被效利他主义影响，所以是不幸地。故选A项。 23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：令人欣慰的是，关于怎么捐赠才明智这件事情，其实有着悠久而崇高的传统。A. random随机的；B. cautious谨慎的；C. wise明智的；D. creative有创造力的。根据下文“Aristotle suggested that ____ stemmed from correct giving to the right people, in the right amounts, for the right reasons and at the right times”可知，这种捐赠方式是有一定道理的，所以是明智的。故选C项。 24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：亚里士多德认为，美德源自正确的捐赠：向正确的人、以正确的数量、出于正确的原因、在正确的时间进行捐赠。A. conflict冲突；B. innovation创新；C. equality平等；D. virtue美德。根据下文“stemmed from correct giving to the right people, in the right amounts, for the right reasons and at the right times”以及语境可知，这种正确的给予方式体现的是一种美德。故选D项。 25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：首先，应该关注自身的道德优先事项。A. supports支持；B. priorities优先事项；C. standards标准；D. obligations义务。根据下文“Giving to rescue dying languages and to save dying children both have an intrinsic value. Religion and philosophy may help you ____ their competing claims. But ultimately, how important you find one good cause compared with another is a matter of personal ____ .”可知，这里讨论的是在不同公益事业中确定哪个更重要，也就是要确定自己的道德优先事项。故选B项。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：宗教和哲学或许能帮助你在这些相互冲突的观念之间找到平衡。A. demonstrate证明；展示；B. assess评估；C. balance平衡；D. interpret解释；口译。根据上文“Giving to rescue dying languages and to save dying children both have an intrinsic value.”可知，这两种公益事业都有价值，存在竞争关系，所以宗教和哲学可以帮助平衡它们的主张。故选C项。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但归根结底，你如何权衡某一善行相较于其他善行的重要性，属于个人选择的范畴。A. choice选择；B. relationship关系；C. safety安全；D. space空间。根据上文“Religion and philosophy may help you ____ their competing claims.”可知，在平衡之后，最终还是要个人来决定哪个公益事业更重要，这是个人的选择。故选A项。 28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一个需要考虑的因素是，你应给予受助者多大的选择好东西的自由。 A. time时间；B. money钱；C. risk风险；D. freedom自由。根据下文“You might be fired up with the mission to lift up the neediest out of ____ . But they may prefer to spend your precious money on a funeral for a close friend than to invest in a cow as a source of future ____ . You need to decide how much to defer to their wishes.”可知，这里讨论的是给予接受者在使用捐赠资金方面有多大的自由。故选D项。 29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你可能满怀使命，致力于帮助最贫困的人摆脱贫困。A. control控制；B. poverty贫困；C. order秩序；D. reach范围。根据上文“lift up the neediest”可知，目的是把他们从贫困中解救出来。故选B项。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但他们可能宁愿把你宝贵的钱花在好友的葬礼上，也不愿投资一头奶牛作为未来的收入来源。A. income收入；B. inspiration灵感；C. challenge挑战；D. leadership领导能力。根据上文“invest in a cow as a source of future”以及语境可知，这里指投资牛是为了获得未来的收入。故选A项。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：第三个考虑因素是效率。A. accuracy准确性；B. consistency一致性；C. efficiency效率；D. tendency趋势。根据下文“Be it preventing river blindness, improving literacy or doling out cash, some organisations are better than others at getting the job done”以及“However, it is not always possible to know how efficient charities are.”可知，这里讨论的第三个因素是效率。故选C项。 32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时，每花费一美元所获得的收益很难衡量，甚至无法衡量。A. accept接受；B. understand理解；C. remember记住；D. measure衡量。根据下文“How do you quantify whether a programme to support democracy has been successful?”可知，这里说的是很难衡量每一美元花费带来的收益。故选D项。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这并不是说，致力于解决复杂问题或缺乏数据的慈善机构就更差；只能说它们做慈善的成效如何，无人知晓。 A. chance机会；B. guess猜测；C. game游戏；D. dream梦想。根据上文“Sometimes the dollar gains for each dollar spent are hard to ____ , if not impossible. How do you quantify whether a programme to support democracy has been successful? If an autocrat ends up in power, you may conclude the effort was futile; then again, you may think it was worth staving off democratic collapse at least for a while. Smaller charities can struggle to collect the data they need to evaluate their work.”可知，在这种情况下，慈善机构行善的效果难以确定，所以只能是猜测。故选B项。 34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你能够获得慈善机构效率的证据时，它应该被纳入你的考量之中。A. check检查；B. preserve保护；C. enter进入；纳入；D. perform执行；表演。根据下文“A defined goal, such as digging wells for clean water, should be measurable. So, too, should programmes that promise quick ____ . Because some charities really do get more done per dollar, whom you give to can matter as much as how much you give.”可知，当有慈善机构效率的证据时，应该把它纳入考虑，enter符合语境，enter your calculations，表示“纳入你的考虑范围”。故选C项。 35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同样，那些承诺快速见效的项目也应该是可衡量的。A. results结果；成果；B. expectations期望；C. deliveries交付；递送；D. recoveries恢复。根据上文“A defined goal, such as digging wells for clean water, should be measurable.”可知，这里说的是项目应该有可衡量的东西，对于承诺快速的项目来说，应该是快速取得成果。故选A项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A My husband, Aaron Simone, is the secretary of defense — not of our country, but of our household. I promoted him to SecDef after a shameful incident in which I called him late one night while he was away on a fishing trip. I was convinced there was an intruder lurking in our apartment because I kept hearing strange noises outside our bedroom door. The real culprit was the ice maker in our refrigerator, something Aaron guessed a minute into our phone call. But he stayed on the line with me for hours, calming me down and advising me on how to barricade the bedroom door. Needless to say, the ice maker didn’t come for me that night, and all we lost was some sleep. Aaron didn’t get upset with me (bless him), but he did get a security bar for our front door to ensure no one could force their way in at night. And in recognition of his heroism, I appointed him SecDef. “Now, where should we put this thing when we’re not using it?” I asked about the new device. “That’s up to you,” he said. “You’re in charge of the Department of the Interior.” With one position apiece, we felt we should continue to name our Cabinet. Some decisions were easy. He, by far the more confident and competent driver, was a shoo-in for transportation secretary. And since I have more enthusiasm for shopping, I was the natural choice to lead the Department of Commerce. Others aren’t as obvious. My husband does the cooking, but I buy the groceries. So which one of us should oversee the Department of Agriculture? Aaron is more diplomatic than I am, but I host more of our parties. So who’d be the better secretary of state? One appointment came as a surprise to both of us. We were chopping ingredients for a salad(again, who’s in charge of Agriculture? ) when I got — essentially — an onion splinter. Yes, an ultrathin sliver of red onion slipped inside the pad of my finger. As I stared incredulously at my injury, Aaron got the tweezers and plucked out the offending onion. And just like that, he became surgeon general. That said, our Cabinet is far from complete. I’m on deck to run the Department of Education, but my duties won’t start until we have kids. Neither of us has entrepreneurial aspirations, so I doubt we’ll ever have our own Small Business Administration. And our families get along, so we could even get away without a U. N. ambassador. But there’s one Cabinet position neither of us wants and we hope we never need: attorney general. 36．Why did the author promote her husband to SecDef of their household? A．He demonstrated marvellous skill during his fishing trip. B．He physically shielded her from a real intruder in the house. C．He comforted her when she was frightened and added security measures. D．He successfully repaired the malfunctioning ice-maker in the refrigerator. 37．Which of the following most accurately describes Aaron Simone? A．aggressive, restless, and organized B．bold, forgetful, and reliable C．protective, patient, and resourceful D．handy, fearless, and careless 38．What does the fact that they could get away without a “U. N. ambassador” suggest? A．They hold a strong disinterest in international affairs and interactions. B．The relationship among their families is so harmonious that such a role is unnecessary. C．There is no necessity for diplomatic representation in their family setup. D．They are under financial limitations that prevent them from assuming such a position. 39．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A．Filling the Cabinet. B．Unconventional Household Roles. C．A Perfect Match. D．Unexpected SecDef Appointment. 【答案】36．C 37．C 38．B 39．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要通过叙述作者和丈夫之间的一些生活趣事，如作者因冰箱制冰机的声音误以为有入侵者，丈夫耐心安慰并采取措施，以及他们如何以幽默的方式互相任命为家庭“内阁”成员等，来展现他们之间的亲密关系和日常生活。 36．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“I was convinced there was an intruder lurking in our apartment because I kept hearing strange noises outside our bedroom door. The real culprit was the ice maker in our refrigerator, something Aaron guessed a minute into our phone call. But he stayed on the line with me for hours, calming me down and advising me on how to barricade the bedroom door.(我坚信我们的公寓里有个闯入者，因为我一直听到卧室门外有奇怪的声响。真正的“罪魁祸首”是我们冰箱里的制冰机，在我们通话一分钟后，Aaron就猜到了。但他还是在电话里陪了我好几个小时，让我平静下来，还教我如何用东西堵住卧室的门。)”以及第二段“Aaron didn’t get upset with me (bless him), but he did get a security bar for our front door to ensure no one could force their way in at night. And in recognition of his heroism, I appointed him SecDef.(Aaron并没有生我的气（谢天谢地），但他确实在前门装了一根安全门闩，以确保晚上没人能强行闯入。为了表彰他的英勇行为，我任命他为我们家的“国防部长”。)”可知，作者以为有入侵者，其实是冰箱制冰机的声音，丈夫在电话里陪了她几个小时，让她平静下来并教她如何堵住卧室门。后来丈夫还在前门装了安全门闩来确保安全，作者为了表彰他的英勇行为，任命他为家里的“国防部长”。由此可知，作者提升丈夫为家里的“国防部长”是因为当她害怕时丈夫安慰了她，并增加了安全措施。故选C。 37．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“But he stayed on the line with me for hours, calming me down and advising me on how to barricade the bedroom door.(但他还是在电话里陪了我好几个小时，让我平静下来，还教我如何用东西堵住卧室的门。)”可知，当作者感到害怕时，亚伦在电话里陪了她好几个小时，让她平静下来，这显示出他很有耐心；再根据第二段“Aaron didn’t get upset with me (bless him), but he did get a security bar for our front door to ensure no one could force their way in at night. (Aaron并没有生我的气（谢天谢地），但他确实在前门装了一根安全门闩，以确保晚上没人能强行闯入。)”可知，Aaron在前门安装安全门闩确保安全，体现了他具有保护欲，想要保护家人的安全。再根据倒数第二段“As I stared incredulously at my injury, Aaron got the tweezers and plucked out the offending onion. And just like that, he became surgeon general.(我难以置信地盯着自己的伤口时，Aaron拿来了镊子，把那块讨厌的洋葱取了出来。就这样，他成了我们家的“卫生部长”。)”可知，当作者手指扎进洋葱碎片时，Aaron能及时拿来镊子取出洋葱，这表明他足智多谋，能够想办法解决问题。故选C。 38．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“And our families get along, so we could even get away without a U. N. ambassador.(而且我们双方的家庭相处得很好，所以就算没有“联合国大使”这个职位，我们也能应付得过来。)”可知，作者提到他们就算没有“联合国大使”这个职位也能应付得过来，原因是他们双方的家庭相处得很好。因此，他们就算没有“联合国大使”也能应付得过来这一事实表明他们家庭之间的关系非常和谐，以至于这样的一个角色是不必要的。故选B。 39．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章开篇讲述了作者封丈夫为家里的“国防部长”的原因，之后围绕着给家里的“内阁”成员命名展开，详细讨论了各个“内阁”职位的归属，如“交通部长”“商业部长”“卫生部长”等，还提到了一些尚未确定或不需要的职位，整体内容主要围绕着组建家庭“内阁”展开。选项A“Filling the Cabinet(组建内阁)”准确地概括了文章主要内容，即作者和丈夫为家里设置不同的“内阁”职位。故选A。 B Grand Canyon National Park is a super popular park in the United States. Every year, around 5.5 million people go to see the Grand Canyon. It is often regarded as one of the Wonders of the World. The “South Rim” Most visitors see the Grand Canyon from the “South Rim”. The “South Rim” is open all year long. It includes: ◆Grand Canyon Village. It can be reached by driving and is served by the Grand Canyon Railway. ◆Scenic Hermit Road west of the village. ◆Desert View Drive east of the village. A free bus system operates on the “South Rim”. Make your visit easier by parking your car at the Visitor Centre and using the free buses to travel around the “South Rim”. The “North Rim” A much smaller number of people see the canyon from the “North Rim” of the park. The “North Rim” has a short season. It has more limited access due to the snow in winter. During winter months, almost all roads are closed to visitors. Even in good weather, the “North Rim” is harder to get to. Fees and passes Admission to Grand Canyon National Park is for seven days and includes both the “North Rim” and the “South Rim”. ■Vehicle Pass: $35 For one single vehicle and all its passengers. ■Motorcycle Pass: $30 For one single motorcycle and its passenger(s). ■Individual Pass: $20 For one individual when entering by bicycle, bus, the Grand Canyon Railway or on foot. Admission is free for individuals 15 years old and younger. ■2024 Annual Pass: $70 Valid for 12 months from the date of purchase, for unlimited visits to the park. 40．Which of the following is true about the “South Rim”? A．The Grand Canyon Village is reachable by both driving and the Grand Canyon Railway. B．The Scenic Hermit Road, located west of Grand Canyon Village, is accessible only by hiking. C．The free bus on the South Rim can directly take visitors to the viewpoints on the North Rim. D．The restaurants near the Visitor Centre on the South Rim are open all night to serve tourists. 41．Why does the “North Rim” have a short season? A．Because the park management wants to save money on maintenance. B．Because the snow in winter poses difficulties for people to access it. C．Because the local government restricts the opening time to protect the environment. D．Because the South Rim attracts most of the visitors, leaving the North Rim with less business. 42．If a family of four drives to the Grand Canyon National Park, how much should they pay for the admission? A．$20. B．$30. C．$35. D．$80. 【答案】40．A 41．B 42．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了美国大峡谷国家公园的基本情况。 40．细节理解题。根据The “South Rim”部分中“◆Grand Canyon Village. It can be reached by driving and is served by the Grand Canyon Railway.(◆南缘部分：大峡谷村。可以开车到达，也有大峡谷铁路提供服务)”可知，大峡谷村既可以通过驾车，也能借助大峡谷铁路到达，所以“The Grand Canyon Village is reachable by both driving and the Grand Canyon Railway.(大峡谷村可通过驾车或大峡谷铁路到达)”是正确描述。故选A项。 41．细节理解题。根据The “North Rim”部分中“The ‘North Rim’ has a short season. It has more limited access due to the snow in winter. During winter months, almost all roads are closed to visitors.(北缘的开放季节较短。由于冬季下雪，进入北缘的通道更加受限。在冬季的几个月里，几乎所有道路都对游客关闭)”可知，冬季积雪使得人们前往北缘困难，导致其开放季节短。故选B项。 42．细节理解题。根据Fees and passes部分中“■Vehicle Pass: $35. For one single vehicle and all its passengers.(■费用和通行证部分：车辆通行证：35美元。适用于一辆车及其所有乘客)”可知，一家四口开车去公园，买一张车辆通行证即可，费用为35美元。故选C项。 C A new study from Duke University shows that children who have attention problems in early childhood were 40% less likely to graduate from high school. The study included 386 kindergarteners from schools in the Fast Track Project, a multi-site clinical trial in the U.S. that in 1991 began tracking how children developed across their lives. With this study, researchers examined early academic attention and socio-emotional skills and how each contributed to academic success into young adulthood. They found that early attention skills were the most consistent predictor of academic success, and that likability by peers also had a modest effect on academic performance. By fifth grade, children with early attention difficulties had lower grades and reading achievement scores than their peers. As fifth-graders, children with early attention problems obtained average reading scores at least 3% lower than their contemporaries’ and grades at least 8% lower than those of their peers. This was after controlling for IQ, socio-economic status and academic skills at school entry. Although these may not seem like large effects, the impact of early attention problems continued throughout the children’s academic careers. Lower reading achievement scores and grades in fifth grade contributed to reduced grades in middle school and thereby contributed to a 40% lower high school graduation rate. “The children we identified as having attention difficulties were not diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, 注意力缺乏多动症), although some may have had the disorder. Our findings suggest that even more modest attention difficulties can increase the risk of negative academic outcomes,” said David Rabiner, an associate dean of Duke’s Trinity College of Arts & Sciences, whose research has focused on ADHD and interventions to improve academic performance in children with attention difficulties. Social acceptance by peers in early childhood also predicted grades in fifth grade. Children not as liked by their first-grade peers had slightly lower grades in fifth grade, while those with higher social acceptance had higher grades. “This study shows the importance of so-called ‘non-cognitive’ or soft skills in contributing to children’s positive peer relationships, which, in turn, contribute to their academic success,” said Kenneth Dodge, director of the Duke Center for Child and Family Policy. The results highlight the need to develop effective early interventions to help those with attention problems stay on track academically and for educators to encourage positive peer relationships, the researchers said. “We are learning that student success requires a more comprehensive approach, one that includes not only academic skills but also social, self-regulatory and attention skills,” Dodge said. "If we neglect any of these areas, the child’s development lags. If we pay attention to these areas, a child’s success may reinforce itself with positive feedback loops.” 43．What is the focus of the new study from Duke University? A．The contributors to children’s early attention. B．The predictors of children’s academic success. C．The factors that affect children’s emotional well-being. D．The determinants of children’s development of social skills. 44．What do we learn from the findings of the Duke study? A．Modest students are generally more attentive than their peers. B．There are more children with attention difficulties than previously thought. C．Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder accounts for most academic failures. D．Children’s academic performance may suffer from even slight inattention. 45．What does the Duke study find about children better accepted by peers? A．They do better academically. B．They are teachers’ favorites. C．They are easy to get on with. D．They care less about grades. 46．What can we conclude from the Duke study? A．Children’s success is related to their learning environment. B．School curricula should cover a greater variety of subjects. C．Social skills play a key role in children’s development. D．An all-round approach should be adopted in school education. 【答案】43．B 44．D 45．A 46．D 【导语】本文是说明文。一项新研究表明，儿童早期有注意力问题的孩子，高中毕业时成绩可能比同龄人要低40%，学生的成功需要一种全面的方法，这种方法不仅包括学术技能，还包括社交、自我调节和注意力技能，学校教育应采取全方位的方法。 43．细节理解题。根据第三段“With this study, researchers examined early academic attention and socio-emotional skills and how each contributed to academic success into young adulthood.(通过这项研究，研究人员考察了早期的学业注意力以及社会情感技能，以及这两者如何共同促进青少年时期直至成年早期的学业成就)”可知，杜克大学这项新研究的重点是孩子们学业成功的预测因素。故选B。 44．细节理解题。根据第七段中“Our findings suggest that even more modest attention difficulties can increase the risk of negative academic outcomes(我们的研究结果表明，哪怕只是轻微的注意力障碍也可能会增加不良学业表现的风险)”可知，即使是轻微的注意力不集中也会影响孩子的学习成绩。故选D。 45．细节理解题。根据倒数第四段“Social acceptance by peers in early childhood also predicted grades in fifth grade. Children not as liked by their first-grade peers had slightly lower grades in fifth grade, while those with higher social acceptance had higher grades.(在幼儿时期获得同伴的认可程度也预示着五年级时的成绩。那些在一年级时不被同龄人所喜欢的孩子，在五年级时的成绩会稍低一些，而那些在社交方面更受认可的孩子则成绩会更高)”可知，这位教授的研究结果表明，更受同伴欢迎的孩子在学业上表现更好。故选A。 46．推理判断题。根据最后一段““We are learning that student success requires a more comprehensive approach, one that includes not only academic skills but also social, self-regulatory and attention skills,” Dodge said. "If we neglect any of these areas, the child’s development lags. If we pay attention to these areas, a child’s success may reinforce itself with positive feedback loops.”(道奇说：“我们正在认识到，学生的成功需要一种更全面的方法，这种方法不仅包括学术技能，还包括社交、自我调节和注意力方面的技能。如果我们忽视了其中任何一个方面，孩子的成长就会滞后。而如果我们关注这些方面，孩子的成功可能会通过积极的反馈循环得以巩固。”)”可推知，从杜克大学的这项研究中，我们可以得出的结论是教育应当采取全面的教育方式。故选D。 Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. How to Live a Happy Life Happiness is what we need most with the increase of pressure in modern life. However, sometimes it seems far away from us. Fortunately, this is not the case. Everyone has the ability. to hang on to happiness with his own efforts. The following methods may lead you to long- lasting happiness. ·Take exercise. Other than health benefits that are too numerous to mention, exercise makes you smarter, happier, improves sleep, and makes you feel better about your body. 47 Keeping in touch with nature can help you reduce stress, make you more creative, improve your memory and may even make you a better person. · 48 Relationships are worth more than you think. Not feeling socially connected can make you stupider and kill you. Loneliness can lead to heart attack, stroke (中风) and diabetes (肥胖症) . On the other hand, studies have shown that the longest lived people on the planet all place a strong cmphas is on social engagement. ·Challenge yourself. 49 Music lessons increase intelligence. Challenging your beliefs strengthens your mind. Increasing willpower just takes a little effort each day and it's more responsible for your success than IQ. Not getting an education or taking advantage of opportunities are two of the things people look back on their lives and regret the most. ·Laugh. Laughter has similar effects to physical exercise. It increases blood pressure, the heart rate and the rate of breathing; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and the feet. It can even reduce the effect of pain on the body. Humor is a good way to cause laughter. 50 A．Life is always full of hope. B．Do something kind for the people you care about. C．Learning another language can keep your mind sharp. D．It would be better if you take exercise in nature. E．Spend time with friends and family. F．Just thinking about funny moments or things can help a lot. 【答案】47．D 48．E 49．C 50．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者就如何快乐的生活，提供了一些实用的方法。 47．根据下文“Keeping in touch with nature can help you reduce stress, make you more creative, improve your memory and may even make you a better person. (与大自然接触可以帮助你减轻压力，使你更有创造力，提高你的记忆力，甚至可能使你成为一个更健康的人。)”可知，设空处要说明人应该在大自然中锻炼会更好， 然后紧接着说在大自然中锻炼对人产生的积极影响。故D选项It would be better if you take exercise in nature.(如果你在大自然中锻炼会更好)，符合句意，其中exercise与上文对应。故选D项。 48．此处是本段小标题，根据本段“Relationships are worth more than you think. Not feeling socially connected can make you stupider and kill you. Loneliness can lead to heart attack, stroke (中风) and diabetes (肥胖症) . On the other hand, studies have shown that the longest lived people on the planet all place a strong cmphas is on social engagement.(关系比你想象的更有价值。没有社交联系会让你变得更愚蠢，甚至致命。孤独会导致心脏病发作、中风和糖尿病。另一方面，研究表明，地球上寿命最长的人都非常重视社会参与。)”可知，本段主要在讨论和朋友、家人在一起的重要性，也就是设空处所要说的内容。故E选项Spend time with friends and family.(花时间与朋友和家人在一起)符合句意。故选E项。 49．根据本文标题Challenge Yourself.(挑战自己)，再根据下文“Music lessons increase intelligence. Challenging your beliefs strengthens your mind. (音乐课程增加智慧。挑战你的信念会增强你的心智。)”可知，此处以上音乐课为例说明要挑战自己，挑战自己能给自己带来好处，C项Learning another language can keep your mind sharp.(学习另一种语言能让你思维敏捷。)符合语境，因为这也是挑战自己的一种方式。故选C项。 50．根据上文“Humor is a good way to cause laughter.(幽默是引起笑声的一种好方式。)”可知，设空处与上一句为并列关系，所以F选项Just thinking about funny moments or things can help a lot.(想想有趣的时刻或事情也会引起笑声)，符合句意，其中funny moments和上文 laughter对应。故选F项。 III. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Endangered Species An endangered species is a group of animals that could soon become extinct. Extinction happens when the last of the species has died out and there will be no more. Many species are nearly extinct and could disappear off the face of the earth very soon if we don’t do anything to save them. There are many reasons why-species become endangered but most of them are due to humans. Habitat destruction is the main reason why animals become endangered and this happens in two ways. When humans move into a new area, the animals’ habitat is destroyed and there is nothing to eat because humans chop down trees and build houses and farms. Animal habitats are also destroyed because of pollution. Chemicals in rivers and poisons on farms cause the destruction of habitats and animals can no longer live there. Endangered species are also the result of hunting and fishing. Animals are killed for their fur, bones or skin, or just for sport (消遣). Some seal species are now on the verge of extinction because they are killed for their fur to make coats. Tigers are shot to make medicine and tea from their bones, and crocodiles are caught to make bags and shoes. Overfishing means that large sea creatures like whales, tuna and sharks have all become endangered species, because too many are caught to make things like shark’s fin soup. So what can individuals and governments do to protect animal and plant species from becoming endangered? We should take care not to pollute natural areas, and farmers or companies who destroy animal habitats should face a financial penalty (处罚). Governments can help, too, by making it against the law to hunt, fish or trade in endangered species. If we all cooperate by taking these steps, we will protect our planet so that our children and their children can enjoy it too. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Animals soon to be extinct are called endangered species which are mainly caused by humans. The main reason is habitat destruction caused by humans moving into new areas and pollution. Another reason is hunting and fishing for animals’ fur, bones or skin, and sometimes sport. Individuals and governments should cooperate to protect habitat and ban hunting and fishing. (58 words) 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了濒危物种的概念，阐述了物种濒危主要是由人类活动导致，如栖息地破坏、捕猎和过度捕捞，最后提出个人和政府应合作保护濒危物种。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①An endangered species is a group of animals that could soon become extinct. ②There are many reasons why species become endangered but most of them are due to humans. ③Habitat destruction is the main reason why animals become endangered and this happens in two ways. ④Endangered species are also the result of hunting and fishing. ⑤So what can individuals and governments do to protect animal and plant species from becoming endangered? ⑥If we all cooperate by taking these steps, we will protect our planet so that our children and their children can enjoy it too. 2. 缜密构思 将第1个要点提炼出濒危物种的定义；将第2、3、4三个要点整合说明物种濒危的原因；将第5、6两个要点整合提出个人和政府应合作保护濒危物种。 3. 遣词造句 Animals soon to be extinct are called endangered species. The endangerment of species is mainly caused by humans, including habitat destruction and hunting and fishing. Individuals and governments should cooperate to protect endangered species. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Animals soon to be extinct are called endangered species which are mainly caused by humans. (运用了关系代词which引导限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] Another reason is hunting and fishing for animals’ fur, bones or skin, and sometimes sport. (运用了动名词短语作表语) IV. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．请记住，一个汉字的意思可能会随着语境的不同而发生很大变化。（bear）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Bear in mind that the meaning of a Chinese character may change greatly depending on the context. 【详解】考查祈使句、固定短语、时态、非谓语动词和宾语从句。根据汉语语境可知，句子为提醒类表述，应用祈使句，描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。“请记住”用所给提示词“bear”的固定短语“bear in mind”直接开头，首字母需大写；“一个汉字的意思可能会随着语境的不同而发生很大变化”作宾语从句，“一个汉字的意思”译为“the meaning of a Chinese character”，“可能”使用情态动词“may”，“会发生很大变化”译为“change greatly”，情态动词后接动词原形形式，“随着语境的不同”译为“depend on the context”，从句中已有谓语动词，所以depend使用现在分词形式作状语，从句语义通顺且成分完整，故从句用“that”引导，即整体从句译为“that the meaning of a Chinese character may change greatly depending on the context”。故整句话可译为：Bear in mind that the meaning of a Chinese character may change greatly depending on the context. 53．如今，传统的民族服装与首饰在得到不停的完善后，已经走出国门、享誉海外。(perfect) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Nowadays, traditional ethnic clothing and jewelry have gone abroad and gained fame overseas after being constantly perfected. 【详解】考查动词、形容词、时态和介词短语。时间状语“如今”译为nowadays；主语“传统的民族服装与首饰”译为traditional ethnic clothing and jewelry；“走出国门、享誉海外”分别用动词短语go abroad和gain fame overseas表示，作并列谓语，根据“已经”可知，描述过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时态have gone abroad and gained fame overseas，主语是复数概念，助动词用have；“在得到不停的完善后”可处理为时间状语，用介词短语after being constantly perfected表示，置于句末。综上，全句译为：Nowadays, traditional ethnic clothing and jewelry have gone abroad and gained fame overseas after being constantly perfected. 54．令老师感到宽慰的是，军训期间她不遗余力地帮助遇到困难的同学，展现了良好的责任感。（relief）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】To the teacher’s relief, she spared no effort to help her classmates in trouble during the military training, showing a good sense of responsibility. 【详解】考查固定短语、时态和非谓语。表示“令某人感到宽慰的是”用固定短语to one’s relief，此处指“令老师感到宽慰的是”，所以用to the teacher’s relief，位于句首，首字母大写；表示“她”用she，作主语；表示“不遗余力地做某事”用固定短语spare no effort to do sth.，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，所以谓语用过去式spared；表示“帮助”用help，位于不定式符号to后，动词用原形；表示“遇到困难的同学”用her classmates in trouble，作help的宾语；表示“在军训期间”用during the military training，作时间状语；表示“展现了良好的责任感”用show a good sense of responsibility，此处表示自然而然的结果，所以用现在分词作结果状语，show的现在分词是showing。故翻译为To the teacher’s relief, she spared no effort to help her classmates in trouble during the military training, showing a good sense of responsibility. 55．作为总经理的儿子，他从小就可以自由进入公司的各个部门， 这使得他能够早早地了解并掌握公司的运营模式和业务细节。(access) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】As the son of the general manager, he has had unrestricted access to various departments of the company since childhood, enabling him to gain an early understanding and mastery of the company’s operating procedures and business details. 【详解】考查句子翻译。“作为总经理的儿子”为“as the son of the general manager”，“从小”为“since childhood”，它与现在完成时连用，“自由进入”为“have unrestricted access to”，“公司的各个部门”为“various departments of the company”，则“作为总经理的儿子，他从小就可以自由进入公司的各个部门”翻译为“As the son of the general manager, he has had unrestricted access to various departments of the company since childhood.”；翻译“使他能够”使用现在分词作结果状语，即“enabling him to”，“早早地了解并掌握”为“gain an early understanding and mastery of”，“公司的”为“the company’s”，“运营模式”为“operating procedures”，“业务细节”为“business details”，则“这使得他能够早早地了解并掌握公司的运营模式和业务细节”翻译为“enabling him to gain an early understanding and mastery of the company’s operating procedures and business details”，故翻译为As the son of the general manager, he has had unrestricted access to various departments of the company since childhood, enabling him to gain an early understanding and mastery of the company’s operating procedures and business details. V.Guided Writing (共25分) 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 你是明启中学的王磊，你班本学期剩余一笔总额三千元的班费class fee结余，目前有两个方案：1．为教室添加一台空气净化器；2．为每位同学订阅一份英语周报Shanghai Students’ Post。请你给班委会class committee写一封信，谈谈你的看法，必须包括： 1．你赞同的方案； 2．你赞同该方案的理由； 3．你对于执行此方案的建议。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear class committee, As we all know, there is a class fee balance of 3,000 yuan remaining for this semester. At present, there are two ways to spend it: one is to add an air purifier to the classroom; the other is to subscribe to the Shanghai Students’ Post for each student. I am in favor of subscribing to the Shanghai Students’ Post. For one thing, the Shanghai Students’ Post is a good journal for our English studies. For another, it contains a lot of useful information and some interesting stories for us to read, which broaden our horizons. We should set aside two classes every week for our students to read it, and find an opportunity to let the students report on what they have read. Yours, Wang Lei 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给班委会写一封信，谈谈对如何使用本学期剩余班费方案的看法。 【详解】1.词汇积累 学期：semester → term 目前：at present → now 支持：be in favor of → support 机会：opportunity → chance 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：For one thing, the Shanghai Students’ Post is a good journal for our English studies. For another, it contains a lot of useful information and some interesting stories for us to read, which broaden our horizons. 拓展句：Not only is the Shanghai Students’ Post a good journal for our English studies, but also it contains a lot of useful information and some interesting stories for us to read, which broaden our horizons. 【点睛】[高分句型1] For another, it contains a lot of useful information and some interesting stories for us to read, which broaden our horizons.(运用了关系代词which 引导的非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] We should set aside two classes every week for our students to read it, and find an opportunity to let the students report on what they have read.(运用了连接代词what引导宾语从句) 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 The way we are单元自测·提升卷 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：115分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Hua Luogeng: Genius Comes from Accumulation Despite only having a high school qualification, the former Professor and Mathematician Hua Luogeng published more than 200 papers, monographs and dozens of popular works in the field of mathematical research. People often say that he is a mathematical genius, 1 Hua believes that “Genius comes from accumulation, and intelligence comes from diligence.” After graduating from junior high school, Hua, who came from a poor family, began a life of part-time work and study. He spent five years 2 (complete) all high school and university coursework in mathematics. In 1931, his publication caught the attention and gained much praise from Tsinghua Professor Xiong Qinglai. He was subsequently, transferred to the Department of Mathematics to work as an assistant. Surrounded by talents, Hua made a promise to himself. “I 3 (make) extraordinary efforts to achieve my own goals!” “They have received 4 (great) education than me so I must double my efforts in order to make up for the losses. So it people only work for 8 hours every day, I need to work 12 hours every day!” Not only was Hua hardworking in his research and development, he also held great love for his country. After the founding of New China, Hua gave up his work overseas 5 (teach) at Tsinghua. In Hong Kong, he wrote “An open letter to all the Chinese students who studied abroad in America” from which he advocated the need to return home. “We 6 return for our ideals and return home for our country and people.” Hua Luogeng has made outstanding contributions to the training of new Chinese mathematicians. He was very strict with young researchers. Every day at dawn, Hua Luogeng would go to the researchers’ dormitory and knock on their doors to start his discussion on the questions and findings 7 (raise) during the lectures. It is under such strictness 8 many of his students grew and created a new talent pool of Chinese mathematicians, some of 9 are Wan Zhexian, Lu Qikeng, Wang Yuan, Chen Jingrun and much more. In 1985, Hua Luogeng went to give lectures in Japan and he fainted on the teaching podium due to exhaustion. He worked until the last minute of his life. 10 said in a poem for him, “A general dies on the battlefield and a scholar dies in his study room. You have dedicated your entire life to academics and research and you have given your life to science.” Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．staring   B．influence   C． likely   D．shapes   E. connected   F. produce G. reviewed   H. right   I. highlights   J. reorganize   K. proving Ever since I was a little kid, I have felt guilty about daydreaming. I related to the character Bastian from the movie The Never-ending Story, especially when his father demanded, “Get your head down out of the clouds, and keep both feet on the ground!” This line, repeated throughout the film, 11 Bastian’s struggle with the fantastic nature of his daydreams. While I was never directly discouraged from dreaming as a kid, as I grew older, the 12 of my culture made me feel like I was wasting my time whenever my head was in the clouds. And yet, it never felt 13 to shut down that daydreaming. For one, it was too fun. How amazing is it that we, as humans, can go anywhere, do anything, and be a different version of ourselves — all safely within our minds? But it’s not just fun. In a 2012 issue of Perspectives on Psychological Science, researcher Mary Helen Immordino-Yang and her team 14 studies about brain activity during rest. Their research, summarized in Science Daily, found that “brain activity during rest is 15 to self-awareness, moral judgment, learning, and memory. Just like sleep helps the brain 16 to work more efficiently, daydreaming may also improve mental health and thinking.” And brain “time-outs” may also help kids learn better, possibly 17 wrong those adults who blame kids for daydreaming. “We focus on the outside world in education and don’t look much at inside—focused skills and attentions. But inner focus 18 the way we build memories, make meaning and transfer that learning into new contexts,” says Immordino-Yang. Studies Immordino-Yang looked at indicated that kids who practice inner focus are less 19 to suffer from high levels of anxiety, perform better on tests, and plan better for the future. Next time you see a kid or even an adult 20 off into space, remember that they might actually be doing important work for their mind. II. Reading Comprehension (21 – 35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. How to Give Money to Good Causes It is the season for giving. Nearly two-fifths of Americans tell pollsters that they sign over more of their savings to charity in the holiday season than at any other time of year; more than two-thirds of Britons say they plan to donate money at Christmas. But the labyrinth of charities, good causes and people in need can be as 21 to navigate as the seasonal family get-together. How to give well? 22 , the idea that you should treat charitable donations methodically has been tarnished by effective altruism, a movement associated with Sam Bankman-Fried (SBF), a convicted crypto con man who insinuated that his fraudulent enterprise was ultimately all about doing good. Happily, the notion that there is a 23 way to give has a long and noble history. Aristotle suggested that 24 stemmed from correct giving to the right people, in the right amounts, for the right reasons and at the right times. For the modern giver, three considerations could usefully serve as a guide. First should be to observe your own moral 25 . Giving to rescue dying languages and to save dying children both have an intrinsic value. Religion and philosophy may help you 26 their competing claims. But ultimately, how important you find one good cause compared with another is a matter of personal 27 . Another consideration is how much 28 you should allow worthy recipients to choose between different good things for themselves. You might be fired up with the mission to lift up the neediest out of 29 . But they may prefer to spend your precious money on a funeral for a close friend than to invest in a cow as a source of future 30 . You need to decide how much to defer to their wishes. This way of thinking helps explain why schemes offering cash transfers have become more popular in recent years. GiveDirectly, which offers such handouts in poor countries, has alone raised over half a billion dollars in the past three years. The third consideration is 31 . Be it preventing river blindness, improving literacy or doling out cash, some organisations are better than others at getting the job done. However, it is not always possible to know how efficient charities are. Sometimes the dollar gains for each dollar spent are hard to 32 , if not impossible. How do you quantify whether a programme to support democracy has been successful? If an autocrat ends up in power, you may conclude the effort was futile; then again, you may think it was worth staving off democratic collapse at least for a while. Smaller charities can struggle to collect the data they need to evaluate their work. That does not mean charities that try to solve complex problems or lack data are worse; just that how well they do good is anyone’s 33 . When you can get evidence about charities’ efficiency, it should 34 your calculations. A defined goal, such as digging wells for clean water, should be measurable. So, too, should programmes that promise quick 35 . Because some charities really do get more done per dollar, whom you give to can matter as much as how much you give. 21．A．easy B．hard C．professional D．efficient 22．A．Unfortunately B．Undoubtedly C．Unexpectedly D．Unusually 23．A．random B．cautious C．wise D．creative 24．A．conflict B．innovation C．equality D．virtue 25．A．supports B．priorities C．standards D．obligations 26．A．demonstrate B．assess C．balance D．interpret 27．A．choice B．relationship C．safety D．space 28．A．time B．money C．risk D．freedom 29．A．control B．poverty C．order D．reach 30．A．income B．inspiration C．challenge D．leadership 31．A．accuracy B．consistency C．efficiency D．tendency 32．A．accept B．understand C．remember D．measure 33．A．chance B．guess C．game D．dream 34．A．check B．preserve C．enter D．perform 35．A．results B．expectations C．deliveries D．recoveries Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A My husband, Aaron Simone, is the secretary of defense — not of our country, but of our household. I promoted him to SecDef after a shameful incident in which I called him late one night while he was away on a fishing trip. I was convinced there was an intruder lurking in our apartment because I kept hearing strange noises outside our bedroom door. The real culprit was the ice maker in our refrigerator, something Aaron guessed a minute into our phone call. But he stayed on the line with me for hours, calming me down and advising me on how to barricade the bedroom door. Needless to say, the ice maker didn’t come for me that night, and all we lost was some sleep. Aaron didn’t get upset with me (bless him), but he did get a security bar for our front door to ensure no one could force their way in at night. And in recognition of his heroism, I appointed him SecDef. “Now, where should we put this thing when we’re not using it?” I asked about the new device. “That’s up to you,” he said. “You’re in charge of the Department of the Interior.” With one position apiece, we felt we should continue to name our Cabinet. Some decisions were easy. He, by far the more confident and competent driver, was a shoo-in for transportation secretary. And since I have more enthusiasm for shopping, I was the natural choice to lead the Department of Commerce. Others aren’t as obvious. My husband does the cooking, but I buy the groceries. So which one of us should oversee the Department of Agriculture? Aaron is more diplomatic than I am, but I host more of our parties. So who’d be the better secretary of state? One appointment came as a surprise to both of us. We were chopping ingredients for a salad(again, who’s in charge of Agriculture? ) when I got — essentially — an onion splinter. Yes, an ultrathin sliver of red onion slipped inside the pad of my finger. As I stared incredulously at my injury, Aaron got the tweezers and plucked out the offending onion. And just like that, he became surgeon general. That said, our Cabinet is far from complete. I’m on deck to run the Department of Education, but my duties won’t start until we have kids. Neither of us has entrepreneurial aspirations, so I doubt we’ll ever have our own Small Business Administration. And our families get along, so we could even get away without a U. N. ambassador. But there’s one Cabinet position neither of us wants and we hope we never need: attorney general. 36．Why did the author promote her husband to SecDef of their household? A．He demonstrated marvellous skill during his fishing trip. B．He physically shielded her from a real intruder in the house. C．He comforted her when she was frightened and added security measures. D．He successfully repaired the malfunctioning ice-maker in the refrigerator. 37．Which of the following most accurately describes Aaron Simone? A．aggressive, restless, and organized B．bold, forgetful, and reliable C．protective, patient, and resourceful D．handy, fearless, and careless 38．What does the fact that they could get away without a “U. N. ambassador” suggest? A．They hold a strong disinterest in international affairs and interactions. B．The relationship among their families is so harmonious that such a role is unnecessary. C．There is no necessity for diplomatic representation in their family setup. D．They are under financial limitations that prevent them from assuming such a position. 39．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A．Filling the Cabinet. B．Unconventional Household Roles. C．A Perfect Match. D．Unexpected SecDef Appointment. B Grand Canyon National Park is a super popular park in the United States. Every year, around 5.5 million people go to see the Grand Canyon. It is often regarded as one of the Wonders of the World. The “South Rim” Most visitors see the Grand Canyon from the “South Rim”. The “South Rim” is open all year long. It includes: ◆Grand Canyon Village. It can be reached by driving and is served by the Grand Canyon Railway. ◆Scenic Hermit Road west of the village. ◆Desert View Drive east of the village. A free bus system operates on the “South Rim”. Make your visit easier by parking your car at the Visitor Centre and using the free buses to travel around the “South Rim”. The “North Rim” A much smaller number of people see the canyon from the “North Rim” of the park. The “North Rim” has a short season. It has more limited access due to the snow in winter. During winter months, almost all roads are closed to visitors. Even in good weather, the “North Rim” is harder to get to. Fees and passes Admission to Grand Canyon National Park is for seven days and includes both the “North Rim” and the “South Rim”. ■Vehicle Pass: $35 For one single vehicle and all its passengers. ■Motorcycle Pass: $30 For one single motorcycle and its passenger(s). ■Individual Pass: $20 For one individual when entering by bicycle, bus, the Grand Canyon Railway or on foot. Admission is free for individuals 15 years old and younger. ■2024 Annual Pass: $70 Valid for 12 months from the date of purchase, for unlimited visits to the park. 40．Which of the following is true about the “South Rim”? A．The Grand Canyon Village is reachable by both driving and the Grand Canyon Railway. B．The Scenic Hermit Road, located west of Grand Canyon Village, is accessible only by hiking. C．The free bus on the South Rim can directly take visitors to the viewpoints on the North Rim. D．The restaurants near the Visitor Centre on the South Rim are open all night to serve tourists. 41．Why does the “North Rim” have a short season? A．Because the park management wants to save money on maintenance. B．Because the snow in winter poses difficulties for people to access it. C．Because the local government restricts the opening time to protect the environment. D．Because the South Rim attracts most of the visitors, leaving the North Rim with less business. 42．If a family of four drives to the Grand Canyon National Park, how much should they pay for the admission? A．$20. B．$30. C．$35. D．$80. C A new study from Duke University shows that children who have attention problems in early childhood were 40% less likely to graduate from high school. The study included 386 kindergarteners from schools in the Fast Track Project, a multi-site clinical trial in the U.S. that in 1991 began tracking how children developed across their lives. With this study, researchers examined early academic attention and socio-emotional skills and how each contributed to academic success into young adulthood. They found that early attention skills were the most consistent predictor of academic success, and that likability by peers also had a modest effect on academic performance. By fifth grade, children with early attention difficulties had lower grades and reading achievement scores than their peers. As fifth-graders, children with early attention problems obtained average reading scores at least 3% lower than their contemporaries’ and grades at least 8% lower than those of their peers. This was after controlling for IQ, socio-economic status and academic skills at school entry. Although these may not seem like large effects, the impact of early attention problems continued throughout the children’s academic careers. Lower reading achievement scores and grades in fifth grade contributed to reduced grades in middle school and thereby contributed to a 40% lower high school graduation rate. “The children we identified as having attention difficulties were not diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, 注意力缺乏多动症), although some may have had the disorder. Our findings suggest that even more modest attention difficulties can increase the risk of negative academic outcomes,” said David Rabiner, an associate dean of Duke’s Trinity College of Arts & Sciences, whose research has focused on ADHD and interventions to improve academic performance in children with attention difficulties. Social acceptance by peers in early childhood also predicted grades in fifth grade. Children not as liked by their first-grade peers had slightly lower grades in fifth grade, while those with higher social acceptance had higher grades. “This study shows the importance of so-called ‘non-cognitive’ or soft skills in contributing to children’s positive peer relationships, which, in turn, contribute to their academic success,” said Kenneth Dodge, director of the Duke Center for Child and Family Policy. The results highlight the need to develop effective early interventions to help those with attention problems stay on track academically and for educators to encourage positive peer relationships, the researchers said. “We are learning that student success requires a more comprehensive approach, one that includes not only academic skills but also social, self-regulatory and attention skills,” Dodge said. "If we neglect any of these areas, the child’s development lags. If we pay attention to these areas, a child’s success may reinforce itself with positive feedback loops.” 43．What is the focus of the new study from Duke University? A．The contributors to children’s early attention. B．The predictors of children’s academic success. C．The factors that affect children’s emotional well-being. D．The determinants of children’s development of social skills. 44．What do we learn from the findings of the Duke study? A．Modest students are generally more attentive than their peers. B．There are more children with attention difficulties than previously thought. C．Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder accounts for most academic failures. D．Children’s academic performance may suffer from even slight inattention. 45．What does the Duke study find about children better accepted by peers? A．They do better academically. B．They are teachers’ favorites. C．They are easy to get on with. D．They care less about grades. 46．What can we conclude from the Duke study? A．Children’s success is related to their learning environment. B．School curricula should cover a greater variety of subjects. C．Social skills play a key role in children’s development. D．An all-round approach should be adopted in school education. Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. How to Live a Happy Life Happiness is what we need most with the increase of pressure in modern life. However, sometimes it seems far away from us. Fortunately, this is not the case. Everyone has the ability. to hang on to happiness with his own efforts. The following methods may lead you to long- lasting happiness. ·Take exercise. Other than health benefits that are too numerous to mention, exercise makes you smarter, happier, improves sleep, and makes you feel better about your body. 47 Keeping in touch with nature can help you reduce stress, make you more creative, improve your memory and may even make you a better person. · 48 Relationships are worth more than you think. Not feeling socially connected can make you stupider and kill you. Loneliness can lead to heart attack, stroke (中风) and diabetes (肥胖症) . On the other hand, studies have shown that the longest lived people on the planet all place a strong cmphas is on social engagement. ·Challenge yourself. 49 Music lessons increase intelligence. Challenging your beliefs strengthens your mind. Increasing willpower just takes a little effort each day and it's more responsible for your success than IQ. Not getting an education or taking advantage of opportunities are two of the things people look back on their lives and regret the most. ·Laugh. Laughter has similar effects to physical exercise. It increases blood pressure, the heart rate and the rate of breathing; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and the feet. It can even reduce the effect of pain on the body. Humor is a good way to cause laughter. 50 A．Life is always full of hope. B．Do something kind for the people you care about. C．Learning another language can keep your mind sharp. D．It would be better if you take exercise in nature. E．Spend time with friends and family. F．Just thinking about funny moments or things can help a lot. III. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Endangered Species An endangered species is a group of animals that could soon become extinct. Extinction happens when the last of the species has died out and there will be no more. Many species are nearly extinct and could disappear off the face of the earth very soon if we don’t do anything to save them. There are many reasons why-species become endangered but most of them are due to humans. Habitat destruction is the main reason why animals become endangered and this happens in two ways. When humans move into a new area, the animals’ habitat is destroyed and there is nothing to eat because humans chop down trees and build houses and farms. Animal habitats are also destroyed because of pollution. Chemicals in rivers and poisons on farms cause the destruction of habitats and animals can no longer live there. Endangered species are also the result of hunting and fishing. Animals are killed for their fur, bones or skin, or just for sport (消遣). Some seal species are now on the verge of extinction because they are killed for their fur to make coats. Tigers are shot to make medicine and tea from their bones, and crocodiles are caught to make bags and shoes. Overfishing means that large sea creatures like whales, tuna and sharks have all become endangered species, because too many are caught to make things like shark’s fin soup. So what can individuals and governments do to protect animal and plant species from becoming endangered? We should take care not to pollute natural areas, and farmers or companies who destroy animal habitats should face a financial penalty (处罚). Governments can help, too, by making it against the law to hunt, fish or trade in endangered species. If we all cooperate by taking these steps, we will protect our planet so that our children and their children can enjoy it too. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．请记住，一个汉字的意思可能会随着语境的不同而发生很大变化。（bear）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 53．如今，传统的民族服装与首饰在得到不停的完善后，已经走出国门、享誉海外。(perfect) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 54．令老师感到宽慰的是，军训期间她不遗余力地帮助遇到困难的同学，展现了良好的责任感。（relief）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 55．作为总经理的儿子，他从小就可以自由进入公司的各个部门， 这使得他能够早早地了解并掌握公司的运营模式和业务细节。(access) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________________ V.Guided Writing (共25分) 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 你是明启中学的王磊，你班本学期剩余一笔总额三千元的班费class fee结余，目前有两个方案：1．为教室添加一台空气净化器；2．为每位同学订阅一份英语周报Shanghai Students’ Post。请你给班委会class committee写一封信，谈谈你的看法，必须包括： 1．你赞同的方案； 2．你赞同该方案的理由； 3．你对于执行此方案的建议。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 The way we are单元测试·提升卷 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：115分） （参考答案） 1．but 2．completing 3．will make 4．greater 5．to teach 6．must 7．raised 8．that 9．whom 10．As 11．I 12．B 13．H 14．G 15．E 16．J 17．K 18．D 19．C 20．A 21．B 22．A 23．C 24．D 25．B 26．C 27．A 28．D 29．B 30．A 31．C 32．D 33．B 34．C 35．A 36．C 37．C 38．B 39．A 40．A 41．B 42．C 43．B 44．D 45．A 46．D 47．D 48．E 49．C 50．F 51．Animals soon to be extinct are called endangered species which are mainly caused by humans. The main reason is habitat destruction caused by humans moving into new areas and pollution. Another reason is hunting and fishing for animals’ fur, bones or skin, and sometimes sport. Individuals and governments should cooperate to protect habitat and ban hunting and fishing. (58 words) 52．Bear in mind that the meaning of a Chinese character may change greatly depending on the context. 53．Nowadays, traditional ethnic clothing and jewelry have gone abroad and gained fame overseas after being constantly perfected. 54．To the teacher’s relief, she spared no effort to help her classmates in trouble during the military training, showing a good sense of responsibility. 55．As the son of the general manager, he has had unrestricted access to various departments of the company since childhood, enabling him to gain an early understanding and mastery of the company’s operating procedures and business details. 56．Dear class committee, As we all know, there is a class fee balance of 3,000 yuan remaining for this semester. At present, there are two ways to spend it: one is to add an air purifier to the classroom; the other is to subscribe to the Shanghai Students’ Post for each student. I am in favor of subscribing to the Shanghai Students’ Post. For one thing, the Shanghai Students’ Post is a good journal for our English studies. For another, it contains a lot of useful information and some interesting stories for us to read, which broaden our horizons. We should set aside two classes every week for our students to read it, and find an opportunity to let the students report on what they have read. Yours, Wang Lei 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ Unit 3 The way we are单元自测·提升卷 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：115分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Hua Luogeng: Genius Comes from Accumulation Despite only having a high school qualification, the former Professor and Mathematician Hua Luogeng published more than 200 papers, monographs and dozens of popular works in the field of mathematical research. People often say that he is a mathematical genius, 1 Hua believes that “Genius comes from accumulation, and intelligence comes from diligence.” After graduating from junior high school, Hua, who came from a poor family, began a life of part-time work and study. He spent five years 2 (complete) all high school and university coursework in mathematics. In 1931, his publication caught the attention and gained much praise from Tsinghua Professor Xiong Qinglai. He was subsequently, transferred to the Department of Mathematics to work as an assistant. Surrounded by talents, Hua made a promise to himself. “I 3 (make) extraordinary efforts to achieve my own goals!” “They have received 4 (great) education than me so I must double my efforts in order to make up for the losses. So it people only work for 8 hours every day, I need to work 12 hours every day!” Not only was Hua hardworking in his research and development, he also held great love for his country. After the founding of New China, Hua gave up his work overseas 5 (teach) at Tsinghua. In Hong Kong, he wrote “An open letter to all the Chinese students who studied abroad in America” from which he advocated the need to return home. “We 6 return for our ideals and return home for our country and people.” Hua Luogeng has made outstanding contributions to the training of new Chinese mathematicians. He was very strict with young researchers. Every day at dawn, Hua Luogeng would go to the researchers’ dormitory and knock on their doors to start his discussion on the questions and findings 7 (raise) during the lectures. It is under such strictness 8 many of his students grew and created a new talent pool of Chinese mathematicians, some of 9 are Wan Zhexian, Lu Qikeng, Wang Yuan, Chen Jingrun and much more. In 1985, Hua Luogeng went to give lectures in Japan and he fainted on the teaching podium due to exhaustion. He worked until the last minute of his life. 10 said in a poem for him, “A general dies on the battlefield and a scholar dies in his study room. You have dedicated your entire life to academics and research and you have given your life to science.” Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．staring   B．influence   C． likely   D．shapes   E. connected   F. produce G. reviewed   H. right   I. highlights   J. reorganize   K. proving Ever since I was a little kid, I have felt guilty about daydreaming. I related to the character Bastian from the movie The Never-ending Story, especially when his father demanded, “Get your head down out of the clouds, and keep both feet on the ground!” This line, repeated throughout the film, 11 Bastian’s struggle with the fantastic nature of his daydreams. While I was never directly discouraged from dreaming as a kid, as I grew older, the 12 of my culture made me feel like I was wasting my time whenever my head was in the clouds. And yet, it never felt 13 to shut down that daydreaming. For one, it was too fun. How amazing is it that we, as humans, can go anywhere, do anything, and be a different version of ourselves — all safely within our minds? But it’s not just fun. In a 2012 issue of Perspectives on Psychological Science, researcher Mary Helen Immordino-Yang and her team 14 studies about brain activity during rest. Their research, summarized in Science Daily, found that “brain activity during rest is 15 to self-awareness, moral judgment, learning, and memory. Just like sleep helps the brain 16 to work more efficiently, daydreaming may also improve mental health and thinking.” And brain “time-outs” may also help kids learn better, possibly 17 wrong those adults who blame kids for daydreaming. “We focus on the outside world in education and don’t look much at inside—focused skills and attentions. But inner focus 18 the way we build memories, make meaning and transfer that learning into new contexts,” says Immordino-Yang. Studies Immordino-Yang looked at indicated that kids who practice inner focus are less 19 to suffer from high levels of anxiety, perform better on tests, and plan better for the future. Next time you see a kid or even an adult 20 off into space, remember that they might actually be doing important work for their mind. II. Reading Comprehension (21 – 35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. How to Give Money to Good Causes It is the season for giving. Nearly two-fifths of Americans tell pollsters that they sign over more of their savings to charity in the holiday season than at any other time of year; more than two-thirds of Britons say they plan to donate money at Christmas. But the labyrinth of charities, good causes and people in need can be as 21 to navigate as the seasonal family get-together. How to give well? 22 , the idea that you should treat charitable donations methodically has been tarnished by effective altruism, a movement associated with Sam Bankman-Fried (SBF), a convicted crypto con man who insinuated that his fraudulent enterprise was ultimately all about doing good. Happily, the notion that there is a 23 way to give has a long and noble history. Aristotle suggested that 24 stemmed from correct giving to the right people, in the right amounts, for the right reasons and at the right times. For the modern giver, three considerations could usefully serve as a guide. First should be to observe your own moral 25 . Giving to rescue dying languages and to save dying children both have an intrinsic value. Religion and philosophy may help you 26 their competing claims. But ultimately, how important you find one good cause compared with another is a matter of personal 27 . Another consideration is how much 28 you should allow worthy recipients to choose between different good things for themselves. You might be fired up with the mission to lift up the neediest out of 29 . But they may prefer to spend your precious money on a funeral for a close friend than to invest in a cow as a source of future 30 . You need to decide how much to defer to their wishes. This way of thinking helps explain why schemes offering cash transfers have become more popular in recent years. GiveDirectly, which offers such handouts in poor countries, has alone raised over half a billion dollars in the past three years. The third consideration is 31 . Be it preventing river blindness, improving literacy or doling out cash, some organisations are better than others at getting the job done. However, it is not always possible to know how efficient charities are. Sometimes the dollar gains for each dollar spent are hard to 32 , if not impossible. How do you quantify whether a programme to support democracy has been successful? If an autocrat ends up in power, you may conclude the effort was futile; then again, you may think it was worth staving off democratic collapse at least for a while. Smaller charities can struggle to collect the data they need to evaluate their work. That does not mean charities that try to solve complex problems or lack data are worse; just that how well they do good is anyone’s 33 . When you can get evidence about charities’ efficiency, it should 34 your calculations. A defined goal, such as digging wells for clean water, should be measurable. So, too, should programmes that promise quick 35 . Because some charities really do get more done per dollar, whom you give to can matter as much as how much you give. 21．A．easy B．hard C．professional D．efficient 22．A．Unfortunately B．Undoubtedly C．Unexpectedly D．Unusually 23．A．random B．cautious C．wise D．creative 24．A．conflict B．innovation C．equality D．virtue 25．A．supports B．priorities C．standards D．obligations 26．A．demonstrate B．assess C．balance D．interpret 27．A．choice B．relationship C．safety D．space 28．A．time B．money C．risk D．freedom 29．A．control B．poverty C．order D．reach 30．A．income B．inspiration C．challenge D．leadership 31．A．accuracy B．consistency C．efficiency D．tendency 32．A．accept B．understand C．remember D．measure 33．A．chance B．guess C．game D．dream 34．A．check B．preserve C．enter D．perform 35．A．results B．expectations C．deliveries D．recoveries Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A My husband, Aaron Simone, is the secretary of defense — not of our country, but of our household. I promoted him to SecDef after a shameful incident in which I called him late one night while he was away on a fishing trip. I was convinced there was an intruder lurking in our apartment because I kept hearing strange noises outside our bedroom door. The real culprit was the ice maker in our refrigerator, something Aaron guessed a minute into our phone call. But he stayed on the line with me for hours, calming me down and advising me on how to barricade the bedroom door. Needless to say, the ice maker didn’t come for me that night, and all we lost was some sleep. Aaron didn’t get upset with me (bless him), but he did get a security bar for our front door to ensure no one could force their way in at night. And in recognition of his heroism, I appointed him SecDef. “Now, where should we put this thing when we’re not using it?” I asked about the new device. “That’s up to you,” he said. “You’re in charge of the Department of the Interior.” With one position apiece, we felt we should continue to name our Cabinet. Some decisions were easy. He, by far the more confident and competent driver, was a shoo-in for transportation secretary. And since I have more enthusiasm for shopping, I was the natural choice to lead the Department of Commerce. Others aren’t as obvious. My husband does the cooking, but I buy the groceries. So which one of us should oversee the Department of Agriculture? Aaron is more diplomatic than I am, but I host more of our parties. So who’d be the better secretary of state? One appointment came as a surprise to both of us. We were chopping ingredients for a salad(again, who’s in charge of Agriculture? ) when I got — essentially — an onion splinter. Yes, an ultrathin sliver of red onion slipped inside the pad of my finger. As I stared incredulously at my injury, Aaron got the tweezers and plucked out the offending onion. And just like that, he became surgeon general. That said, our Cabinet is far from complete. I’m on deck to run the Department of Education, but my duties won’t start until we have kids. Neither of us has entrepreneurial aspirations, so I doubt we’ll ever have our own Small Business Administration. And our families get along, so we could even get away without a U. N. ambassador. But there’s one Cabinet position neither of us wants and we hope we never need: attorney general. 36．Why did the author promote her husband to SecDef of their household? A．He demonstrated marvellous skill during his fishing trip. B．He physically shielded her from a real intruder in the house. C．He comforted her when she was frightened and added security measures. D．He successfully repaired the malfunctioning ice-maker in the refrigerator. 37．Which of the following most accurately describes Aaron Simone? A．aggressive, restless, and organized B．bold, forgetful, and reliable C．protective, patient, and resourceful D．handy, fearless, and careless 38．What does the fact that they could get away without a “U. N. ambassador” suggest? A．They hold a strong disinterest in international affairs and interactions. B．The relationship among their families is so harmonious that such a role is unnecessary. C．There is no necessity for diplomatic representation in their family setup. D．They are under financial limitations that prevent them from assuming such a position. 39．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A．Filling the Cabinet. B．Unconventional Household Roles. C．A Perfect Match. D．Unexpected SecDef Appointment. B Grand Canyon National Park is a super popular park in the United States. Every year, around 5.5 million people go to see the Grand Canyon. It is often regarded as one of the Wonders of the World. The “South Rim” Most visitors see the Grand Canyon from the “South Rim”. The “South Rim” is open all year long. It includes: ◆Grand Canyon Village. It can be reached by driving and is served by the Grand Canyon Railway. ◆Scenic Hermit Road west of the village. ◆Desert View Drive east of the village. A free bus system operates on the “South Rim”. Make your visit easier by parking your car at the Visitor Centre and using the free buses to travel around the “South Rim”. The “North Rim” A much smaller number of people see the canyon from the “North Rim” of the park. The “North Rim” has a short season. It has more limited access due to the snow in winter. During winter months, almost all roads are closed to visitors. Even in good weather, the “North Rim” is harder to get to. Fees and passes Admission to Grand Canyon National Park is for seven days and includes both the “North Rim” and the “South Rim”. ■Vehicle Pass: $35 For one single vehicle and all its passengers. ■Motorcycle Pass: $30 For one single motorcycle and its passenger(s). ■Individual Pass: $20 For one individual when entering by bicycle, bus, the Grand Canyon Railway or on foot. Admission is free for individuals 15 years old and younger. ■2024 Annual Pass: $70 Valid for 12 months from the date of purchase, for unlimited visits to the park. 40．Which of the following is true about the “South Rim”? A．The Grand Canyon Village is reachable by both driving and the Grand Canyon Railway. B．The Scenic Hermit Road, located west of Grand Canyon Village, is accessible only by hiking. C．The free bus on the South Rim can directly take visitors to the viewpoints on the North Rim. D．The restaurants near the Visitor Centre on the South Rim are open all night to serve tourists. 41．Why does the “North Rim” have a short season? A．Because the park management wants to save money on maintenance. B．Because the snow in winter poses difficulties for people to access it. C．Because the local government restricts the opening time to protect the environment. D．Because the South Rim attracts most of the visitors, leaving the North Rim with less business. 42．If a family of four drives to the Grand Canyon National Park, how much should they pay for the admission? A．$20. B．$30. C．$35. D．$80. C A new study from Duke University shows that children who have attention problems in early childhood were 40% less likely to graduate from high school. The study included 386 kindergarteners from schools in the Fast Track Project, a multi-site clinical trial in the U.S. that in 1991 began tracking how children developed across their lives. With this study, researchers examined early academic attention and socio-emotional skills and how each contributed to academic success into young adulthood. They found that early attention skills were the most consistent predictor of academic success, and that likability by peers also had a modest effect on academic performance. By fifth grade, children with early attention difficulties had lower grades and reading achievement scores than their peers. As fifth-graders, children with early attention problems obtained average reading scores at least 3% lower than their contemporaries’ and grades at least 8% lower than those of their peers. This was after controlling for IQ, socio-economic status and academic skills at school entry. Although these may not seem like large effects, the impact of early attention problems continued throughout the children’s academic careers. Lower reading achievement scores and grades in fifth grade contributed to reduced grades in middle school and thereby contributed to a 40% lower high school graduation rate. “The children we identified as having attention difficulties were not diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, 注意力缺乏多动症), although some may have had the disorder. Our findings suggest that even more modest attention difficulties can increase the risk of negative academic outcomes,” said David Rabiner, an associate dean of Duke’s Trinity College of Arts & Sciences, whose research has focused on ADHD and interventions to improve academic performance in children with attention difficulties. Social acceptance by peers in early childhood also predicted grades in fifth grade. Children not as liked by their first-grade peers had slightly lower grades in fifth grade, while those with higher social acceptance had higher grades. “This study shows the importance of so-called ‘non-cognitive’ or soft skills in contributing to children’s positive peer relationships, which, in turn, contribute to their academic success,” said Kenneth Dodge, director of the Duke Center for Child and Family Policy. The results highlight the need to develop effective early interventions to help those with attention problems stay on track academically and for educators to encourage positive peer relationships, the researchers said. “We are learning that student success requires a more comprehensive approach, one that includes not only academic skills but also social, self-regulatory and attention skills,” Dodge said. "If we neglect any of these areas, the child’s development lags. If we pay attention to these areas, a child’s success may reinforce itself with positive feedback loops.” 43．What is the focus of the new study from Duke University? A．The contributors to children’s early attention. B．The predictors of children’s academic success. C．The factors that affect children’s emotional well-being. D．The determinants of children’s development of social skills. 44．What do we learn from the findings of the Duke study? A．Modest students are generally more attentive than their peers. B．There are more children with attention difficulties than previously thought. C．Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder accounts for most academic failures. D．Children’s academic performance may suffer from even slight inattention. 45．What does the Duke study find about children better accepted by peers? A．They do better academically. B．They are teachers’ favorites. C．They are easy to get on with. D．They care less about grades. 46．What can we conclude from the Duke study? A．Children’s success is related to their learning environment. B．School curricula should cover a greater variety of subjects. C．Social skills play a key role in children’s development. D．An all-round approach should be adopted in school education. Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. How to Live a Happy Life Happiness is what we need most with the increase of pressure in modern life. However, sometimes it seems far away from us. Fortunately, this is not the case. Everyone has the ability. to hang on to happiness with his own efforts. The following methods may lead you to long- lasting happiness. ·Take exercise. Other than health benefits that are too numerous to mention, exercise makes you smarter, happier, improves sleep, and makes you feel better about your body. 47 Keeping in touch with nature can help you reduce stress, make you more creative, improve your memory and may even make you a better person. · 48 Relationships are worth more than you think. Not feeling socially connected can make you stupider and kill you. Loneliness can lead to heart attack, stroke (中风) and diabetes (肥胖症) . On the other hand, studies have shown that the longest lived people on the planet all place a strong cmphas is on social engagement. ·Challenge yourself. 49 Music lessons increase intelligence. Challenging your beliefs strengthens your mind. Increasing willpower just takes a little effort each day and it's more responsible for your success than IQ. Not getting an education or taking advantage of opportunities are two of the things people look back on their lives and regret the most. ·Laugh. Laughter has similar effects to physical exercise. It increases blood pressure, the heart rate and the rate of breathing; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and the feet. It can even reduce the effect of pain on the body. Humor is a good way to cause laughter. 50 A．Life is always full of hope. B．Do something kind for the people you care about. C．Learning another language can keep your mind sharp. D．It would be better if you take exercise in nature. E．Spend time with friends and family. F．Just thinking about funny moments or things can help a lot. III. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Endangered Species An endangered species is a group of animals that could soon become extinct. Extinction happens when the last of the species has died out and there will be no more. Many species are nearly extinct and could disappear off the face of the earth very soon if we don’t do anything to save them. There are many reasons why-species become endangered but most of them are due to humans. Habitat destruction is the main reason why animals become endangered and this happens in two ways. When humans move into a new area, the animals’ habitat is destroyed and there is nothing to eat because humans chop down trees and build houses and farms. Animal habitats are also destroyed because of pollution. Chemicals in rivers and poisons on farms cause the destruction of habitats and animals can no longer live there. Endangered species are also the result of hunting and fishing. Animals are killed for their fur, bones or skin, or just for sport (消遣). Some seal species are now on the verge of extinction because they are killed for their fur to make coats. Tigers are shot to make medicine and tea from their bones, and crocodiles are caught to make bags and shoes. Overfishing means that large sea creatures like whales, tuna and sharks have all become endangered species, because too many are caught to make things like shark’s fin soup. So what can individuals and governments do to protect animal and plant species from becoming endangered? We should take care not to pollute natural areas, and farmers or companies who destroy animal habitats should face a financial penalty (处罚). Governments can help, too, by making it against the law to hunt, fish or trade in endangered species. If we all cooperate by taking these steps, we will protect our planet so that our children and their children can enjoy it too. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．请记住，一个汉字的意思可能会随着语境的不同而发生很大变化。（bear）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 53．如今，传统的民族服装与首饰在得到不停的完善后，已经走出国门、享誉海外。(perfect) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 54．令老师感到宽慰的是，军训期间她不遗余力地帮助遇到困难的同学，展现了良好的责任感。（relief）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 55．作为总经理的儿子，他从小就可以自由进入公司的各个部门， 这使得他能够早早地了解并掌握公司的运营模式和业务细节。(access) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________________ V.Guided Writing (共25分) 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 你是明启中学的王磊，你班本学期剩余一笔总额三千元的班费class fee结余，目前有两个方案：1．为教室添加一台空气净化器；2．为每位同学订阅一份英语周报Shanghai Students’ Post。请你给班委会class committee写一封信，谈谈你的看法，必须包括： 1．你赞同的方案； 2．你赞同该方案的理由； 3．你对于执行此方案的建议。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试题 第3页（共8页） 试题 第4页（共8页） 试题 第1页（共8页） 试题 第2页（共8页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $