考前押题01 阅读理解6大常考话题（期中专项训练）高二英语下学期沪教版

考前押题01 阅读理解6大常考话题 话题1 生活与学习 话题4 历史、社会与文化 话题2 做人与做事 话题5 科学与技术 话题3 文学、艺术与体育 话题6 人与自然 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 话题1 生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海杨浦·期中）On the day the tornado hit, there was no indication severe weather was on its way — the sky was blue and the sun had been out. The first warning my husband, Jimmy and I got came around 9 p.m., from some scrolling text on the TV Jimmy was watching.   No sooner had we found coverage of the tornado than it was on top of us. I didn’t know how or if we would make it down the steps. It felt as if there were no floor underneath me as the wind lifted me off my feet. I gripped the banister (楼梯扶手) and tried to move forward, but this intense pressure held me in place. In those seconds of practical stillness, I could hear everything around me rattling.   We got close to the staircase landing only to hear the loud ripping sound of our garage door coming off. The back wall of the house followed suit and tore off into the darkness outside.   By the time I reached the closet, the tornado had been over us for about a minute. Jimmy pushed me down to the closet floor, but he couldn’t get inside himself because of the wind. I held Jimmy’s arm tightly as the tornado sucked the door open — we never did get it fully shut — and tried to bring Jimmy with it. My knees and head were full of glass, but in that moment, I felt no pain. If I had let go, Jimmy would have flown right out the back of the house and into the bay.   “Hold on! Hold on!” he yelled. But there was nothing in this closet to hold on to. All of a sudden, Jimmy lifted off his feet like people in tornadoes do in the movies. I thought he was gone. And then everything stopped. He landed on his feet. In those first quiet moments, I couldn’t believe it was over. Jimmy said he’d go outside to check. “No,” I said. “Don’t leave me. Don’t leave me.” 1．Which of the following is TRUE on the day the tornado hit? A．There was no warning or report about the tornado. B．The weather before the tornado seemed calm and sunny. C．The author and her husband didn’t take the tornado seriously. D．The author and her husband took immediate action after the TV coverage. 2．What does the underlined phrase “followed suit” in Paragraph 3 most likely mean? A．The back wall rumbled and cracked open. B．The back wall shook but didn’t tumble down. C．The back wall collapsed just like the garage door. D．The back wall was as strong as the garage door. 3．In paragraph 4, the author felt no pain because ______. A．she was dying for survival herself B．she was too eager to save her husband C．she was overwhelmed by the power of tornado D．she was seriously injured and fell unconscious 4．Which of the following words can best describe the author's feelings throughout this event? A．surprised, scared, empathetic B．shocked, terrified, desperate C．astonished, confused, sympathetic D．frantic, furious, grateful Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海闵行·期中）WORD OF THE DAY March 13, 2025 curfew noun | KER-fyoo Definition Curfew refers to a law or order that requires people to be indoors after a certain time at night, as well as to the period of time when such an order or law is in effect. Chiefly in the United States. //No one is allowed on the streets during the curfew. //Lana has a 10 o’clock curfew, so we need to bring her home right after the movie. SEE THE ENTRY > Examples “[LEW] Alcindor narrowed his college choice to Michigan, Columbia, St. John’s, and UCLA．He liked Columbia as the chance to attend school walking distance to Harlem and a subway ride to the jazz clubs he had to leave early as a high schooler to make curfew.” — Scott Howard-Cooper, Kingdom on Fire: Kareem, Wooden, Walton, and the Turbulent Days of the UCLA Basketball Dynasty, 2024 Did you know? Curfews set by parents (and kept or broken by their offspring) do not echo the origins of the word curfew in any noticeable way—if they did, they’d need to at least hint at the sound of a bell. When curfew was first used in the 14th century, it referred to the sounding of a bell at evening to alert people that they should cover their hearth (壁炉) fires for the night—a necessary warning, as many European houses in the Middle Ages were close enough to each other that fires could spread easily from one to the next. The word came to English from Anglo-French, in which the signal was called coverfeu, a compound of covrir, meaning “to cover,” and feu, “fire.” Even when hearth fires were no longer regulated, many towns had other rules that called for ringing an evening bell, including one that required people to be off the streets by a given time, a development that granted curfew permission to go out and about with a broader meaning. SEE MORE WORDS OF THE DAY > 1．Where do you most probably find this text? A．Real-time transcripts of a podcast program. B．A scholar column in a literary magazine. C．An enrollment guide of a language course. D．A link in an online dictionary application. 2．Which of the following is true according to the text? A．The word curfew was coined in Anglo-French to hint the sound of an evening bell. B．In Middle Ages, fires spread easily simply because the hearth fires were not covered. C．Curfew’s modern use doesn’t reflect its origin as hearth fires were no longer regulated. D．Originally, the word curfew was a compound noun signaling extinguished fireplaces. 3．Which of the following examples is an American usage of Curfew? A．Protesters disobeyed the curfew and took to the streets. B．Why do you have to go home now if you don’t have a curfew? C．The dusk-to-dawn curfew imposed by the army was lifted after the war. D．It’s against the criminal law of the state to be in the street after the curfew. Passage 3 （23-24高二下·上海·期中）Kate Hanselman’s home is a shrine to hobbies past and present. Fencing suit sits beside multiple pairs of rock-climbing shoes. “I find yarn everywhere because I love knitting, and I have a whole set of embroidery (刺绣) stuff,” she says. Plus: stacks of puzzles, her partner’s golf clubs, and equipment from his flying lessons. “Our house is like a full hobby station,” she says with a laugh. Challenging, fun and engaging hobbies have the power to make us happier and healthier, says Hanselman, a nurse with the counseling practice Thriveworks. Such pursuits help us grow in creative, physical and intellectual ways, and can boost self-esteem. Plus, they often foster connection with others. Hobbies lead to better physical health, more sleep, lower stress, greater life satisfaction, a larger social network and improved work performance.     “Hobbies live in the pleasure world, not necessarily the mastery world,” Hanselman says. “We’re not trying to impress the board; we’re not going for a paycheck; there’s no additional motive. Hobbies are like dessert and as a baker myself, dessert is the most important part.” That resonates with Chris Johnson, recreational woodworker, motorcyclist, gardener, cook and runner. He has accepted that he’ll never be a master surfer, but that doesn’t dampen his enjoyment of riding waves. And he’s so taken with beekeeping that his backyard is now home to 20,000 honeybees. “I really love learning and figuring things out, and developing an understanding of how things tick,” says Johnson, of Carolina Beach, North Carolina. His hobbies tend to evolve out of curiosity, boredom or need. Take the bees: After moving into a new home with a barren yard, he was concerned about a lack of pollinators, so he planted a garden and became a beekeeper. “If you derive joy from your hobby—it doesn’t matter if it’s a board game or beekeeping—I’m confident it will make you a better person in every aspect of your life,” he says. 1．Kate Hanselman’s home primarily features ________. A．a focus on work-related equipment and tools B．a collection of various hobbies and interests C．an outlook on life and value from a novelty hunter D．a showcase of precious artwork and decorations 2．What effects can engaging in challenging hobbies have on individuals? A．Higher social status and wider networks. B．Enhanced physical and mental well-being. C．Increased financial wealth and material possessions. D．Improved cognitive abilities and increased intelligence. 3．Kate Hanselman intended the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 to ________. A．highlight the very purpose of hobbies is to bring pleasure B．distinguish her from others by the understanding of hobbies C．attach great importance to her passion for baking compared with other hobbies D．convey the core of hobbies is to provide a sense of master y and accomplishment 4．According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? A．Both Hanselman and Johnson are enthusiasts of hobbies and long for recognition. B．Hanselman is under great pressure from satisfying societal expectations and norms. C．Johnson’s interests are likely to have stemmed from curiosity and practical needs. D．Johnson is engaged in community service to gain financial stability and wealth. 话题2 做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海嘉定·期中）We the people have always been helplessly drawn to the concept of magic. We’ve spent billions of dollars for the opportunity to see what real magic might look like, in the form of Harry Potter movies, superhero films and TV shows, from Bewitched on down. It should follow, then, that any time you can offer real magical powers for sale, the public will buy it. That’s exactly what’s been going on in consumer technology. Remember Arthur C． Clarke’s most famous line? “Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.” Anything invisible and wireless, anything that we control with our hands or our voices, anything we can operate over impossible distances —  those are the hits because they most resemble magic. You can now change the temperature in your bedroom from thousands of miles away or call up a show on your TV screen by speaking its name or type on your phone by speaking to it. Magic. For decades the wisdom in product design has been to “make it simpler to operate” and “make it easier for the consumer”. And those are admirable goals, for sure. Some of the biggest technical advancements in the past 30 years- miniaturization, wireless, touch screens, artificial intelligence, robotics — have been committed to “simpler” and “easier”. But that’s not enough to feel magical. Real tech magic is simplicity plus awe. The most exciting technology-GPS apps telling you when to turn, your Amazon Echo answering questions for you, your phone letting you pay for something by waving it at that product-feel kind of awesome every single time. The awe component is important. It’s the difference between magic and mere convenience. You could say to your butler, “Jeeves, lock all the doors” and yes, that’d be convenient. But saying, “Alexa, lock all the doors,” and then hearing the deadbolts (锁芯) all over the house click by themselves? Same convenience, but this time it’s magical. 1．The first paragraph is intended to ________. A．highlight the concept of magic B．show human beings’ craze about magic C．reveal what magic looks like in our life D．introduce some magical films and TV shows 2．The pronoun “that” (paragraph 5) refers to ________. A．products being simpler and easier B．technical advancement in history C．changing wisdom in product design D．popular technology development 3．What contributes to real tech magic? A．The real sense of simplicity. B．The feeling of amazement. C．The emphasis on convenience. D．The widespread use of voice. 4．What does the author use in the last paragraph to illustrate his opinion? A．Reasoning. B．Comparison. C．Quotation. D．Statistics. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海·期中）Handing Over Our Confirmation Biases to Search Engines In the internet age, we’ve handed over part of our critical thinking to algorithms (算法). People often search not to explore, but to confirm what they already believe. It’s not always truth we’re after — sometimes, it’s just comfort. Search engines, in theory, should be our assistants in combating this intellectual echo chamber (回音室). They’re designed to bring us a variety of perspectives, ideally steering us toward credible, high-quality sources. In an ideal world, these algorithms would push us to reconsider outdated opinions and update our beliefs with factual, balanced information. But things didn’t turn out as we’d hoped. In fact, we’ve learned to game the system, altering search terms to steer us back into the familiar arms of confirmation bias. Rather than opening our minds, search engines now often strengthen our narrow views — flooding us with half-truths or even clear misinformation. A recent study by Eugina Leung uncovers an uncomfortable truth: the problem isn’t just with the technology. It’s also with us. It is we, the users, that are accountable for strengthening our biases. When people search for information, they often do so with terms that are narrow enough to ensure the results reflect their pre-existing opinions. Consider the question: Is caffeine good or bad for you? A straightforward search like “what are the health effects of caffeine?” might yield balanced results. But searching “is caffeine bad for you?” floods the page with negative articles, supporting a one-sided view. Leung’s research found that over a quarter of caffeine-related searches were so specific that they blocked out opposing perspectives. The researchers’ findings are part of a broader pattern. While people might claim to seek balanced perspectives, data shows that people’s search habits often mirror their personal preferences or beliefs. Take, for example, consumers looking for health and wellness advice. Those who are already advocates of a plant-based diet are more likely to search for phrases like “benefits of veganism” rather than “dangers of veganism,” strengthening the idea that search engines often become self-fulfilling predictions generators Through a series of experiments, Leung found that when participants searched for more specific terms, their views were less likely to change. Whether they were researching caffeine or gas prices, participants consistently crafted search inputs that fit neatly into their own beliefs. The implication is clear: we don’t just let search engines shape our worldview; we actively shape our searches to support it. But there’s hope. The research also suggests that a simple shift in approach — using broader, less biased search terms — can help us break out of our ideological bubbles. It’s a small but potentially significant step toward rediscovering a more balanced way of seeking information in an age of widespread online division. 1．What role do search engines ideally play in our information seeking? A．They are meant to justify the user s pre-existing beliefs. B．They serve as tools for entertainment and personal comfort. C．They aim to enrich users’ perspectives and challenge views. D．They screen out low-quality sources based on user preferences. 2．According to Leung’s research, what is the main issue with how people use search engines? A．The internet is full of half-truths and misinformation. B．Search engines provide results supporting existing ideas. C．Users strengthen their biases with narrow search terms. D．Search engines always exclude challenging viewpoints. 3．What does “a broader pattern” mentioned in the passage refer to? A．Information is often sought to change existing opinions. B．Search habits tend to reflect pre-existing preferences. C．Health advice is searched to support dietary choices. D．Balanced perspectives are sought to reveal neutral stance. 4．To avoid confirmation bias, which of the following search inputs would best help a student writing about online learning? A．Shared strengths of online and classroom learning. B．Benefits of online learning for college students. C．Problems with traditional classroom education. D．Effects of online learning on student performance. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海杨浦·期末）Everything Must Be Paid for Twice One financial lesson they should teach in school is that most of the things we buy have to be paid for twice. There’s the first price, usually paid in dollars, just to gain possession of the desired thing, whatever it is: a book, a budgeting app, a unicycle. But then, in order to make use of the thing, you must also pay a second price. This is the effort and initiative required to gain its benefits, and it can be much higher than the first price. A new novel, for example, might require twenty dollars for its first price — and ten hours of dedicated reading time for its second. Only when the second price is being paid do you see any return on the first one. Paying only the first price is about the same as throwing money in the garbage. In pre-consumer societies, people focused less on acquiring things and more on mastering their use — consistently putting tools to work. The miracle of industrialization has lowered first prices dramatically. Yet technology also creates endless buying options. Here’s the cruel truth: no matter how many gym memberships you buy or classics you collect, your daily 24 hours don’t expand. Their potential remains “unredeemed” until you pay the second price — your consistent effort. I believe this is one reason our modern lifestyles can feel unsatisfying sometimes. In our search for fulfillment, we keep paying first prices, creating a correspondingly enormous debt of unpaid second prices. Yet the real value of any purchase stays locked up until both prices are paid. This feeling of not having enough leads to a big problem: we automatically spend too much time on easy entertainment-like phone apps, streaming services, and fast food — even though they don’t really make us much happier than doing nothing. We choose these things because they’re simple and require little effort, but they waste lots of time. This leaves us with even less energy for more important things. The best solution is simple: stop buying unnecessary things, and focus on using what you already have. This way, you can finally enjoy all those books, gadgets, and items you own but never used. Paying the effort cost may seem hard at first, but you’ll grow to love it. It’s like walking through an unknown forest — each step in the unmapped wilderness is challenging, yet full of life. When you reach the other side, the forest becomes part of you, making you stronger. 1．What is the author’s primary argument about modern consumption? A．Technology has significantly reduced product prices. B．A return to pre-industrial lifestyles could restore balance. C．True value requires both financial cost and personal effort. D．Excessive product variety often leads to dissatisfaction. 2．The underlined word “unredeemed” in paragraph 5 is closest to ______. A．returned for money back B．damaged beyond repair C．priced too high D．not yet realized or claimed 3．According to the passage, why do people prefer easy entertainment? A．They cost less money than meaningful activities. B．They usually require little effort to engage with. C．They are advertised everywhere aggressively. D．They are more accessible than complex alternatives. 4．What does the “unknown forest” metaphor in the last paragraph suggest about paying second prices? A．It’s better to follow paths others have made. B．One needs special support to achieve success. C．The difficulty leads to personal transformation. D．The process is dangerous and should be avoided. 话题3 文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海·期中）The Painting Fool is one of a growing number of computer programs which, as their makers claim, possess creative talents. Classical music by an artificial composer has had audiences enraptured, and even tricked them into believing a human was behind the score. Artworks painted by a robot have sold for thousands of dollars and been hung in prestigious galleries. And software has been built which creates art that could not have been imagined by the programmer. Human beings are the only species to perform sophisticated creative acts regularly. If we can break this process down into computer code, where does that leave human creativity? ‘This is a question at the very core of humanity,’ says Geraint Wiggins, a computational creativity researcher at Goldsmiths, University of London. ‘It scares a lot of people. They are worried that it is taking something special away from what it means to be human.’ To some extent, we are all familiar with computerized art. The question is: where does the work of the artist stop and the creativity of the computer begin? Consider one of the oldest machine artists, Aaron, a robot that has had paintings exhibited in London’s Tate Modern and the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. Aaron can pick up a paintbrush and paint on canvas on its own. Impressive perhaps, but it is still little more than a tool to realize the programmer’s own creative ideas. Simon Colton, the designer of the Painting Fool, is keen to make sure his creation doesn’t attract the same criticism. Unlike earlier ‘artists’ such as Aaron, the Painting Fool only needs minimal direction and can come up with its own concepts by going online for material. The software runs its own web searches and trawls through social media sites. It is now beginning to display a kind of imagination too, creating pictures from scratch. One of its original works is a series of fuzzy landscapes, depicting trees and sky. While some might say they have a mechanical look, Colton argues that such reactions arise from people’s double standards towards software-produced and human-produced art. After all, he says, consider that the Painting Fool painted the landscapes without referring to a photo. ‘If a child painted a new scene from its head, you’d say it has a certain level of imagination,’ he points out. ‘The same should be true of a machine.’ Software bugs can also lead to unexpected results. Some of the Painting Fool’s paintings of a chair came out in black and white, thanks to a technical glitch. This gives the work an eerie, ghostlike quality. Human artists like the renowned Ellsworth Kelly are lauded for limiting their color palette-so why should computers be any different? 1．What is the writer suggesting about computer-produced works in the first paragraph? A．People’s acceptance of them can vary considerably. B．A great deal of progress has already been attained in this field. C．They have had more success in some artistic genres than in others. D．The advances are not as significant as the public believes them to be. 2．According to Geraint Wiggins, why are many people worried by computer art? A．It is aesthetically inferior to human art. B．It may ultimately supersede human art. C．It undermines a fundamental human quality. D．It will lead to a deterioration in human ability. 3．What is a key difference between Aaron and the Painting Fool? A．Its programmer’s background. B．Public response to its work. C．The source of its subject matter. D．The technical standard of its output. 4．What point does Simon Colton make in the fourth paragraph? A．Software-produced art is often dismissed as childish and simplistic. B．The same concepts of creativity should not be applied to all forms of art. C．It is unreasonable to expect a machine to be as imaginative as a human being. D．People tend to judge computer art and human art according to different criteria. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海·期中）Rosamund Pike Shines in Flawed Marie Curie Biopic Rosamund Pike delivered one of the most accomplished performances of the past few years in 2018’s A Private War. in which she played journalist Marie Colvin. In Radioactive, Pike brings the same level of stable commitment to an alternately fascinating and disappointing biopic (传记片) about French scientist Marie Curie. Based on Lauren Redniss’s graphic novel, Radioactive covers the well-known achievements of Marie Curie: her Nobel Prize wins for discovering radium and polonium, and her groundbreaking research on radioactivity. For those unfamiliar with her personal life, the film reveals lesser-known aspects, including her passionate partnership with her husband Pierre, a scandalous affair that damaged her reputation, and her Polish roots, which made her an outsider in Paris. Though not an activist, Curie’s determination to be respected in a male-dominated scientific world aligns with early feminist ideals. Directed by Marjane Satrapi (known for Persepolis), Radioactive attempts to translate the bold visuals and narrative style of a graphic novel into live-action, with mixed results. The film is visually striking. thanks to Anthony Dod Mantle’s cinematography—the glowing green radium is both mesmerizing and ominous. Yet, the storytelling falters when Satrapi inserts surreal time jumps, showing how Curie’s discoveries later influenced both medicine and warfare. Pike delivers a strong performance, portraying Curie as brilliant but difficult—admirable yet not always likable. However, the film struggles with its uneven structure, shifting between biography and symbolic scenes that feel out of place. The irony of Curie’s story is that she hated suffering, yet her work led to both life-saving treatments and destructive weapons. Ultimately, Radioactive’s biggest flaw may be its source material. The episodic, fragmented style of the graphic novel doesn’t fully translate to film, leaving the story feeling uneven. While Pike’s performance and Curie’s remarkable life make the movie worth watching, the execution falls short of its potential. 1．According to Paragraph 1, what is the author’s attitude toward Rosarnund Pike’s performance in Radioactive? A．Appreciative. B．Disappointed. C．Vague. D．Unexpected. 2．Which of the following is TRUE of Radioactive, according to Paragraphs 2 and 3? A．It successfully transforms the stylized visual grammar into a live-action film form. B．It tells some stories about Marie Curie that might not be known. C．It has laid a foundation for the coming feminist revolution. D．It mainly tells Marie Curie’s love story with her husband. 3．Marie Curie’s character in Radioactiveis ______ A．adorable. B．brilliant. C．controversial. D．shallow. 4．We learn from the last paragraph that one of the reasons for the problems of Radioactive is______ A．both the hero and heroine had poor performances. B．it was adapted from a graphic novel. C．Marjane Satrapi doesn’t have a talent for directing. D．the story it tells is not fascinating. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海闵行·期中）①Along with 3 million other workers, Eamonn, a civil servant, used to commute into London daily. It was once an easy trip of 30 minutes by train from Coulsdon South to Victoria. But after years of strikes and driver shortages at Southern Rail, the operator on that line, getting to work became a lottery—a train running on time felt like a “luxury for special occasions only”, he complains, With Southern cancelling up to 350 trains a day, in one three-week period last autumn he managed to get to the office on only two days. Eventually he moved to Liverpool to escape his awful commute. ②Many other Londoners are changing the way they work because of the railways’ poor, pricey service. On January 2nd rail fares across Britain rose by an average of 3.4%, the largest increase since 2013. Over the past decade fares have risen twice as fast as salaries. Falling subsidies (补贴) mean that passengers now pick up 70% of the rail network’s costs, up from 50% ten years ago. ③Until now, passengers have put up with it. Since the industry was privatized in the mid-1990s, the number of rail journeys in the south-east has increased by 130%, though fares have risen by 45% in real terms. But that seems to be changing. The year to April 2017 saw the first big drop in passenger numbers in the south-east. ④Many rail executives blame a slowdown related to Brexit for falling traffic. But that doesn’t explain why the drop-off has been highest in the south-east. Indeed, since referendum (全名公投) in June 2016, output in London has grown faster than in any other British region and employment has risen. ⑤More likely it is high fares and unreliable service that are persuading commuters to change how they work, says Stephen Joseph of the Campaign for Better Transport. In the six months to September, journeys made on season tickets—which save money for daily commuters—fell by a tenth, while journeys made using single-use tickets continued to rise. The trend is strongest in the south-east, where fares are highest and services heavily disrupted. With more part-time jobs and technology that lets people work from home, going to the office every day is falling out of fashion. Employers, facing high rents, are keen to encourage this. The amount of space per employee in the City of London has fallen from 17 square metres in the 1990s to just 11 now. ⑥The government is considering limiting fare increases more strictly in the future. That would cut train operators’ profit further. Mr. Joseph suggests that moving to a simpler fare structure, with season tickets for part-time commuters, could draw more people back onto trains, as such schemes have elsewhere in Europe. 1．According to the first paragraph, what does Eamonn complain about in terms of the train service? A．Punctuality. B．Facilities. C．Interval. D．Routes. 2．Which of the following statements is true according to paragraphs 2 and 3? A．Fares rose by 45%in real terms in the year to April 2017. B．Rail fares across Britain have increased by 3.4% since the year of 2013. C．Fewer people in the south-east commute by train now than in the 1990s. D．Fares cover a bigger part of the rail network’s costs now than a decade ago. 3．The writer mentions the growth of output in London in paragraph 4 in order to ________. A．reveal that London has been recovering since the 2016 referendum B．argue that it was not the slowdown that led to the failing traffic C．illustrate how Brexit affected Britain’s economy D．cast doubt on the rise of employment in London 4．What can be inferred from paragraphs 5 and 6? A．The government has taken train operators’ profit too seriously. B．The number of people commuting to work every day is on the decline. C．Single-use tickets are just available to part-time commuters in the south-east. D．Stephen Joseph thinks it necessary to stick to the current policy of season tickets. 话题4 历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海浦东新·期末）If Timothy White were Captain America, perhaps simply one fling (挥动) of the superhero’s trademark shield could have saved the day. But this was real life. And though White has dressed up as Captain America for conventions, parades and the local Anti-Bullying Superhero Day, when he spotted trouble on this September afternoon he wasn’t wearing his costume and couldn’t rely on any superpowers. White, 38, was driving home when he noticed a gray Nissan four-door pickup (皮卡货车). It was hard to miss,since it made a turn and headed for the curb (马路牙子) before course-correcting, only to head for the curb again. As the pickup drew closer, White got a good look at the problem: The driver appeared to be asleep. Pretty soon, this guy’s going to crash into a house and kill himself or somebody else, White thought. While many people would have kept on driving, that’s not how White operates. He had to stop that vehicle. White pulled his car over and jumped out. The truck was going 10 to 15 mph, White estimates. He darted into the road, running around to the driver’s side. The window was down on this temperate autumn day. White grabbed the frame of the window — his legs moving in step with the pickup — and leaped in. The man behind the wheel, 64-year-old Todd DeAngelis, was just conscious enough to be startled by the peculiar sight of a stranger lying across his stomach, and he let out a yelp. White worked quickly. He took hold of the gear shift and forced the pickup into park, bringing it to a sudden stop. He jumped out of the truck window the same way he came in. From outside the truck, White asked DeAngelis if he was OK. “No,” he replied, in a haze. DeAngelis, a diabetic, was unexpectedly facing dangerously low blood sugar. An ambulance soon arrived and took DeAngelis to a hospital, where it was determined that had his blood sugar gone much lower, he could have gone into a diabetic coma. “He kept me from a much worse accident than it could have been,” DeAngelis said after his recovery. White’s actions that day were not out of character. As a teenager, he once kicked in the door of a house that was on fire to see if anyone was trapped inside. Fortunately, the house was empty. “I’m always trying to help, where I can, when I can,” he says. But jumping into a moving vehicle to prevent a crash? White admits this was new territory. “It took me a couple of days,” he says, “and a couple of beers, to chill out.” 1．Why does the author mention Captain America at the opening paragraph? A．To emphasize the impact of comic book conventions on people’s daily life. B．To explain why White was unable to save people with superpowers that day. C．To emphasize that real heroism comes from character not superpowers, by contrast. D．To suggest that White wished he had superpowers by dressing up like Captain America. 2．Which of the following statement is TRUE? A．Timothy White managed to save the driver by breaking the window, using his strength to push the truck off the road and pulling the driver out. B．Timothy White noticed the truck’s abnormal movements because the driver was asleep at the wheel, which prompted his immediate intervention. C．Wimothy White jumped into the moving truck through the open window and shifted it into park, saving the driver who was suffering from low blood sugar. D．After forcing the truck to stop, White immediately administered first at d to the driver outside the truck before the ambulance arrived. 3．What does the underlined phrase “in a haze” most likely mean? A．In anger. B．In a hurry. C．In concentration. D．In dizziness. 4．What can be inferred about Timothy What e from the passage? A．He often dreams and pretends to be a superhero to gain attention. B．He had a natural tendency to help others in dangerous situations. C．It wasn’t the first time he had jumped through a car window to save people. D．He relied on alcohol to cope with stress, tension and fear regularly. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海闵行·期中）Judging by the historic record, we’ve been fascinated by our reflections for a long time. Some of the earliest human-made mirrors date to 6200 B．C． in Turkey. But even back then, mirrors were largely used to assess how beautiful we were. Egyptians paintings and carvings show the upper classes combing their hair and applying thick red, green, yellow and black cosmetics in front of mirrors. Mirrors were associated from early on with vanity (虚荣). Through the middle ages, the technology for mirrors was simple: Fashioned from blown glass, they were usually small and often convex (凸面的). In the Renaissance, Italians began developing techniques for making flatter glass, and in 1507 hit upon a way of covering the back of the glass with mercury and tin to produce clear mirrors. This new technology was wonderful, but so expensive that nobles sometimes sold property just to afford one. In the 16th and 17th centuries, mirror making was so costly that it required the investment of half of France’s GDP. By the time the Renaissance was in full flower, wealthy noblemen could get large mirrors in which they could see their entire body at a glance. It was a transformative sight. The historian Ian Mortimer believes that mirror were central in developing the modern sense of the individual. “Mankind,” says Mortimer, became “a valid topic of study in his own right.” As the playwright and novelist Louis-Sebastien Mercler noted in the1780s, wealthy young men would look “ at four mirrors at once to see themselves”. In 1715, the essayist Richard Steele observed groups of people visiting a London mirror shop, where “ they will certainly be well pleased, for they will have unavoidable opportunities of seeing what they most like.... I mean their own dear selves.” Many others thought nothing of all this self-regard. In the early years of America, “ mirrors were considered, within American society, a kind of luxury that was somewhat shameful. “says Josiah McElheny, a Brooklyn-based artist who works with mirrors. Some countries leveled taxes on large mirrors. America’s mirror taxes were so high that if a furniture maker wished to create a full-body-sized reflection without going bankrupt (破产), he had to assemble it from several smaller mirrors. It wasn’t until the last decades of the 19th century that the industrial world could finally make big mirrors cheaply. Production exploded and mirrors quickly passed from luxurious products for the rich to everyday devices that were affordable among an emerging middle class. In 1897, Sears Roebuck advertised ten-inch-square mirrors for only 50 cents apiece and said: “No house is complete without a number of small mirrors which are handy in so many rooms.” 1．Which of the following statements is true of the mirrors in the Renaissance? A．They were rather small in size. B．They were unaffordable to most people. C．They were mostly manufactured in Italy. D．They were no longer associated with vanity. 2．According to Ian Mortimer, what change did mirrors bring about? A．Humans started to think of themselves as an individual. B．More and more mirrors shops sprang up all over Europe. C．Novelists began to write about people’s love for mirrors. D．People cared about their appearance for the first time. 3．In the early years of America, mirrors ________________. A．brought their makers much profit B．were regarded as something meaningless C．were mostly assembled from small pieces D．caused many furniture makers to go bankrupt 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The transformative sight of mirrors. B．The varying enthusiasm for mirrors. C．The historic development of mirrors. D．The change in people’s attitudes to mirrors. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海松江·期中）The Sami People: Guardians of the Northern Wilderness The Sami people, aboriginal to northern Norway, Sweden, Finland, and the far-north of Russia, have a history and culture deeply connected with nature. In Norway, a significant number of Sami live in the northern regions, especially in Finnmark county. For centuries, the Sami have made a living through reindeer herding (驯鹿放牧), fishing, and hunting. Reindeer are central to their culture. They not only provide meat but also hides for clothing and horns for crafting tools and artworks. The Sami’s semi-nomadic (半游牧的) lifestyle follows the seasonal movement of the reindeer. In summer, they lead the reindeer to rich grassland, and in winter, they seek areas with reindeer lichen, a crucial winter food source. However, the Sami have faced challenges. In the past, strict assimilation policies in Norway forced them to abandon their own language and traditional ways. They were not allowed to speak Sami languages in schools, and many Sami children were taken from their families to be educated in Norwegian-only institutions. These policies led to a decline in the use of Sami languages. There are ten different Sami languages globally, six of which can be found in Norway. But now, only northern Sami, lule Sami, and southern Sami are actively in use, with others struggling to survive. Thankfully, in recent decades, there has been a coming back of Sami culture. The Sami have reclaimed their heritage. They now have their own parliament (议会) in Norway, which gives them a chance to express their opinions when making decisions that affect their communities. Sami art, crafts, and clothing are also flourishing. Sami art often shows their close connection with nature and their long-standing traditions, attracting international attention. Sami festivals are important occasions to celebrate their culture. The Riddu Riddu festival inKăfjord, Troms, is an international aboriginal festival held every July, drawing people from all over the world. During these festivals, you can experience traditional Sami music, joiking (a unique form of Sami vocal music), dance, and handicrafts. 1．What are the main ways the Sami people have made a living for centuries? A．By farming crops like wheat. B．Through reindeer herding, fishing, and hunting. C．By trading with neighboring countries. D．By working in modern industries. 2．The underlined word “assimilation” in the third paragraph probably means _______. A．the process of becoming part of a different culture B．the protection of one's own culture C．the development of a new culture D．the combination of different cultures 3．What is the author’s attitude towards the current situation of Sami culture? A．Pessimistic. B．Optimistic. C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful. 4．What can we infer from the passage about the future of Sami culture? A．It will disappear completely due to modernization. B．It will continue to grow with the Sami’s efforts and support. C．It will only be preserved in museums. D．It will be replaced by Norwegian culture. 话题5 科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海杨浦·期中）Below are some emerging technologies that may change the world.   Low-carbon cement can help combat climate change.   Concrete is the most widely used human-made material. However, the manufacture of one of its key components, cement, creates a substantial yet underappreciated amount of human-produced carbon dioxide: up to 8 percent of the global total, according to London-based think tank Chatham House.   To address this issue, researchers and companies are now pursuing various lower-carbon solutions. For instance, a start-up in New Jersey is employing a chemical process that has cut 30 percent of the carbon dioxide usually released in making cement. The recipe uses more clay, less limestone and less heat than typical processes. Quantum sensors could let autonomous cars “see” around corners.   Quantum computers get all the hype (大肆宣传), but quantum sensors, which reach extreme levels of precision by exploiting the quantum nature of matter, could be equally transformative, enabling autonomous vehicles that can “see” around corners, underwater navigation systems, early-warning systems for volcanic activity and earthquakes, and portable scanners that monitor a person’s brain activity during daily life. Green hydrogen could fill big gaps in renewable energy.   When hydrogen burns, the only by-product is water — which is why hydrogen has been an alluring zero-carbon energy source for decades. Yet the traditional process for producing hydrogen, in which fossil fuels are exposed to steam, is not even remotely zero-carbon.   Green hydrogen is different. It is produced through electrolysis, in which machines split water into hydrogen and oxygen, with no other by-products. Historically, electrolysis required so much electricity that it made little sense to produce hydrogen that way. The situation is changing since the electrolyzers are getting more efficient. Whole-Genome synthesis will transform cell engineering.   Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, scientists in China uploaded the virus’s genetic sequence to genetic databases. A Swiss group then synthesized the entire genome and produced the virus from it. Such speed is one example of how whole-genome printing is advancing medicine and other work.   Whole-genome synthesis is an extension of the booming field of synthetic biology. Researchers reprogram microbes to do desired work such as making a new medicine. So far genomes mainly get light edits. But improvements are making it possible to print ever larger number of genetic material and to alter genomes more extensively. 1．Which new technology can be used to help with medical researches? A．Low-carbon cement. B．Quantum sensors. C．Green hydrogen. D．Whole-Genome synthesis. 2．Which of the following is supported by the passage? A．Cement-related emissions are less serious than most people realize. B．Quantum sensors are currently used to improve brain functions. C．Green hydrogen offers a zero-emission alternative to fossil fuels. D．Genome synthesis has already transformed how we edit genes. 3．What is a shared feature of all the emerging technologies mentioned? A．They are reshaping or expected to reshape certain industries. B．They mainly aim to address health and medical challenges. C．They all directly reduce human-made carbon emissions. D．They are all still at the stage of theoretical reasoning. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海杨浦·期中）“Assume you are wrong.” The advice came from Brian Nosek, a psychology professor, who was offering a strategy for pursuing better science.   To understand the context for Nosek’s advice, we need to take a step back to the nature of science itself. You see despite what many of us learned in elementary school, there is no single scientific method. Just as scientific theories become elaborated and change, so do scientific methods.   But methodological reform hasn’t come without some fretting and friction. Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers. Few people like having the value of their life’s work called into question. On the other side, few people are good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways. So, part of the challenge is figuring out how to bake critical self-reflection into the culture of science itself, so it unfolds as a welcome and integrated part of the process, and not an embarrassing sideshow.   What Nosek recommended was a strategy for changing the way we offer and respond to critique. Assuming you are right might be a motivating force, sustaining the enormous effort that conducting scientific work requires. But it also makes it easy to interpret criticisms as personal attacks. Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong — a goal that your critic probably shares.   One worry about this approach is that it could be demoralizing for scientists. Striving to be less wrong might be a less effective motivation than the promise of being right. Another concern is that a strategy that works well within science could backfire when it comes to communicating science with the public. Without an appreciation for how science works, it’s easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science, when in fact they reflect some of the very features of science that make it our best approach to reaching reliable conclusions about the world. Science is reliable because it responds to evidence: as the quantity and quality of our evidence improves, our theories can and should change, too.   Despite these worries, I like Nosek’s suggestion because it builds in cognitive humility along with a sense that we can do better. It also builds in a sense of community — we’re all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right.   Unfortunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypothesis: that assuming one is wrong can change community norms for the better, and ultimately support better science and even, perhaps, better decisions in life. I don’t know if that’s true. In fact, I should probably assume that it’s wrong. But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools, I hope we can get it less wrong, together. 1．According to Paragraph 3, “some fretting and friction” refers to the fact that methodological reformers ______. A．feel reluctant to reflect on themselves B．are unable to provide valuable work C．don’t offer constructive criticisms D．meet with harsh personal attacks 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE about the “assume you are wrong” strategy? A．It will make scientific conclusions less reliable. B．It can enhance the public’s understanding of science. C．It may lead to an increase in the motivation of scientists. D．It can promote a positive interpretation of criticisms. 3．According to the passage, what is the author most likely to agree on? A．Nosek’s strategy has been proven to improve scientific outcomes and decision-making. B．The scientific community should reject untested hypotheses to avoid misleading the public. C．Nosek’s emphasis on cognitive modesty holds potential for collective progress in science. D．Scientists are advised to adopt the same perspectives to achieve the “sense of community”. 4．______ best fits the “assume you are wrong” strategy. A．Encouraging business leaders to always trust their instincts in making decisions B．Promoting a culture where teachers actively seek feedback to improve teaching C．Training politicians to be more defensive about their policies to avoid admitting faults D．Advising journalists to stick to their narratives despite opposing views Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海·期中）Prior to the beginning of the Late Preclassic period in 300 B．C．, Maya ceremonial centers of relatively substantial size had already appeared in Central America. The ceremonial center was a distinctive feature of Maya culture, acting as a focus for the community. Generally speaking, these centers were not what we would call cities. Although they did consist of a number of large and varied buildings, they did not have a substantial resident population. Some scholars have even labeled these Maya centers “vacant towns”. Their permanent population consisted mainly of rulers, priests, and their attendants plus a limited number of artisans. The elite lived in big houses or in palaces in and around the center. The bulk of the peasant population lived in much more modest wood and thatch homes in the areas surrounding the centers. At certain times of the year, on the occasion of major religious festivals such as the one at the time of the planting of their crops, scholars hypothesize, by analogy to historical and modern practices, that the peasants would flock to the centers to observe and participate in the ceremonies. At other times of the year, some of the peasants would be called into the centers to help in the construction of new temples and palaces dedicated to the glory of the gods and to the comforts of their earthly representatives, the priestly rulers. The peasants also would provide the food to help sustain the elite in the centers. What the peasants received from the elite was certainly not as tangible as the services they provided. In return for food and labor, the peasants were offered a psychologically and spiritually secure and ordered world, as well as access to some trade goods. Apparently, this was enough. Agriculture in the tropical Maya lowlands was at best a chancy business: even slight shifts in the onset of the rainy season or the dry season could mean disaster for that year’s harvest. The religion of the ancient Maya helped the peasants cope with their precarious lives. If the gods were properly propitiated, the crops would be good—as would life in general. One archaeologist, William Haviland, argues that it was the centralizing effects of Maya religion that led to the rise of Classic Maya civilization. He believes that the religious centers acted as magnets to peoples living in the surrounding areas. To support the growing populations around the centers, Haviland argues, the agricultural systems became intensified. This led to the evolution of a complex state. Haviland believes that as early as 200 B．C．, the “vacant” ceremonial centers at Tikal had begun transformation toward urban centers. Moreover, by this time or even earlier, other centers with huge, labor-intensive buildings had begun to emerge. Sites such as Nakbé, El Mirador, and Lamanai may have approached urban dimensions in the last few centuries of the first millennium B．C． Other scholars attribute the growth of the ceremonial centers to trade. William Rathje argues that the basic cause for the rise of Maya civilization was the necessity for the Maya, who lived in resource-poor lowlands, to trade with adjacent highlanders for materials such as obsidian (a rock used to make ornaments and cutting edges), salt, and hard stone for grinding implements. Rathje maintains that lowland sites such as Tikal, which were quite distant from the highland resource areas, were made bigger and architecturally magnificent to attract highland merchants and their trade. In order to undertake all the building, the elite had to attract more artisans and bring more laborers into the community to do the work. These population increases led in turn to even more building, population growth, greater population density, greater social differentiation, and occupational specialization. Critics have argued, however, that there were local substitutes for the external “necessities” and that foreign trade was present well before the rise of complex architecture. Yet other factors beyond ideology and trade must have been important in the emerging Classic Maya civilization. Competition among the growing number of centers may also have played a key role in the growth of social, economic, and political complexity, as the organization of the centers grew to meet the pressures of other centers for new agricultural land and control of rising populations. 1．According to paragraph 1, what important feature of cities did Maya ceremonial centers lack? A．Large, varied buildings. B．A large, permanent population. C．Distinctions between social classes. D．Religious temples. 2．According to paragraph 2, which of the following did the Maya elite provide for the peasants? A．Food for nourishment. B．Homes to live in. C．Security from the threats of other civilizations. D．A stable system of beliefs. 3．The word “precarious” in the passage is closest in meaning to ________ A．insecure B．difficult C．restricted D．unsatisfying 4．According to paragraph 4, what is the dispute between William Rathje and his critics? A．Whether a need to import obsidian, salt, and grinding stone can explain the growth of ceremonial centers. B．Whether people in the lowlands communities traded with people in the adjacent highlands. C．Whether obsidian was to be found in lowland areas such as Tikal that were distant from the highlands. D．Whether the development of ceremonial centers was characterized by complex architecture. 话题6人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海嘉定·期中）Once a dominant presence on the Great Plains, the American bison (美洲野牛) was nearly driven to extinction by the end of the 19th century. Tens of millions once moved freely across North America, but uncontrolled hunting, habitat loss, and westward expansion reduced their numbers to just a few hundred by the late 1800s. A turning point came in the early 20th century, thanks to efforts by conservationists and institutions like the Bronx Zoo. In 1907, the zoo played a crucial role in one of the first major bison reintroduction programs. It shipped 15 bison to the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge in Oklahoma. This initiative continued in 1913, when 14 more bison were sent to Wind Cave National Park in South Dakota. These early transfers laid the foundation for today’s population of free-ranging bison. Currently, approximately 20,000 bison live in managed conservation areas, many of them are related to those original Bronx Zoo animals. These bison are carefully monitored to ensure genetic diversity and protect the species from the threats that nearly wiped them out more than a century ago. In recognition of the bison’s cultural and ecological importance, the U. S. officially declared November 1 as National Bison Day. The bison was also declared the national mammal (哺乳动物) of the United States, symbolizing strength, toughness and the success of wildlife conservation efforts. Despite their size — adult bison can weigh over a ton and reach speeds of up to 35 miles per hour — these animals are still vulnerable. Conservationists continue to work on restoring larger, free-ranging bison in more areas, with a long-term goal of creating self-sustaining populations that play a natural role in grassland ecosystems. The story of the American bison is one of near loss and remarkable recovery — a reminder that, with joint effort and respect for nature, it is possible to reverse even the most dramatic declines. 1．What happened in the early 20th century that was seen as a turning point? A．The bison population reached its lowest point. B．The U. S. government banned all hunting of bison. C．Bison were hunted more heavily across North America. D．The Bronx Zoo began sending bison to protected areas. 2．The word “vulnerable” (paragraph 5) can be best replaced by “______”. A．in power B．at risk C．under control D．by surprise 3．Why did the U. S. officially declare November 1 as National Bison Day? A．To mark the founding of the Bronx Zoo. B．To honor the bison’s role in culture and nature. C．To raise awareness about the bison’s past declines. D．To promote the conversation of other large mammals. 4．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．The Return of the Bison B．The Life of Bison in the Wild C．How the Bronx Zoo Became Famous D．The Rise and Fall of the Great Plains Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海嘉定·期中）Astronomy is unique among the sciences as it relies on distant observations. Unlike geologists or biologists, astronomers cannot physically study their subjects. Instead, they use telescopes and computer simulations (模拟) to explore the cosmos. One such effort is the EAGLE  (Evolution and Assembly of Galaxies and their Environments) project, created by researchers at Durham and Leiden Universities. This advanced simulation models a universe over 300 million light-years wide, containing thousands of galaxies (星系) , including ones similar to the Milky Way. To build EAGLE, scientists traced the history of the Universe back before the formation of galaxies and stars. Three key forces influenced the Universe’s evolution: dark matter, normal matter, and dark energy. Dark matter provided an invisible framework for galaxies to form, while dark energy counteracted this by driving the Universe’s expansion. Previous simulations struggled to accurately reproduce galaxy formation, often generating overly massive galaxies. By improving their models and using updated data, the EAGLE team created a more realistic representation of the evolution of the Universe. Developing the simulation took years. Researchers translated complex processes into a complicated computer program, which ran on the DiRAC-II supercomputer for over six weeks. The results were remarkable — EAGLE-generated galaxies was very similar to real ones. According to Professor Richard Bower, an astronomer involved in the project, many people cannot distinguish between actual astronomical images and those produced by EAGLE. A major advantage of EAGLE is its ability to track galaxies over time. By rewinding the simulation, scientists have solved mysteries like the disappearance of small red galaxies observed in the early Universe. EAGLE revealed that many of these galaxies mixed with larger ones, explaining their absence in later observations. The simulation also casts light on why larger galaxies form fewer stars: their black holes grow quickly, consuming surrounding gas and preventing star formation. The team now aims to simulate the future of the Universe. This is challenging due to dark energy’s increasing influence, which speeds up the expansion of the universe. However, advancements in computing may allow researchers to expand EAGLE’s scale, providing deeper insights into galactic evolution. 1．What does the word “counteract” (paragraph 2) most likely mean? A．Measured. B．Enhanced. C．Balanced. D．Opposed. 2．What can be inferred about the advantages of EAGLE from the passage? A．It offers insights into the past galactic events. B．It doesn’t take much effort from astronomers. C．It doesn’t need to rely on advancements in computing. D．It helps explain why dark energy expands the universe. 3．Why is Professor Richard Bower cited in the passage? A．To introduce the universities involved in the EAGLE project. B．To emphasize the scientific accuracy of the EAGLE simulation. C．To highlight the challenges of running supercomputer programs. D．To explain the role of dark matter and dark energy in galaxy formation. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The EAGLE project proves observational astronomy is accurate. B．The EAGLE project highlights the difficulties astronomers face. C．The EAGLE project models galaxy formation and evolution. D．The EAGLE project successfully represents the Milky Way. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海青浦·期中）On a brisk September morning, Brian Palik’s footfalls land quietly on a path in Minnesota’s iconic Northwoods. A mature red pine (松树) is a tall, straight overstory tree that thrives in cold winters and cool summers. It’s the official Minnesota state tree and a valued target of its timber industry. But red pine’s days of dominance here could fade. In coming decades, climate change will make red pine and other Northwoods trees increasingly vulnerable to destructive combinations of longer, warmer summers and less extremely cold winters, as well as droughts, windstorms, wildfires and insect infestations. Climate change is altering ecological conditions in cold regions faster than trees can adapt or migrate. Palik, a forest ecologist, stops and points to a newcomer under the red-pine canopy: a broadleaf deciduous tree. “It’s doing really well,” he says. This tree probably shouldn’t be thriving here. Normally, if a southern adapted seedling (幼苗) is planted in an unsuitably cold climate like this one, it can risk frost damage, and its survival is threatened. But the newcomer’s lush, green foliage indicates good health. It is a promising sign in a project that aims to keep forests growing in a warming world. Palik’s project is an experiment in forest assisted migration, the relocation of trees to help woodlands adapt and flourish despite the heating of their habitats from climate change. Foresters advocating assisted migration are typically not aiming to save specific species — instead, by moving trees, they want to help sustain productive forest for multiple benefits such as carbon storage, water filtration, wildlife habitat, recreational beauty and timber. Now, assisted migration research for conservation is getting bolder with growing concerns about future forest disruption from climate change. And the movement is growing internationally, with research happening in Spain, Canada, Mexico, etc. Moreover, recent proposals have called for relocating endangered species to new habitats where they would have a better chance of thriving: Mexican gray wolves to northern parts of Arizona, New Mexico or Texas, for example, or Karner blue butterflies farther north from southern Michigan. However, artificially moving a forest, some biologists say, has risks. Relocated species might become invasive or disrupt the ecological balance of the forest. But, says Palik, “the risk of not trying to move species for climate change is larger”. “Forests die fast and grow slowly,” says Lee Frelich, a forest ecologist at the University of Minnesota Center for Forest Ecology. As climate change continues, he says, some forests could vanish, replaced by encroaching (渐渐渗入的) grasslands that do not provide the types of wildlife habitat and other benefits that healthy forests do. “Your only option in that case,” he says, “is to bring in new species or live with whatever nature does,” which — in cases of extreme climate change “is likely to be brushy vegetation and not be a forest for quite some time.” 1．How does climate change affect the Northwoods region of Minnesota? A．By decreasing the length of the growing season. B．By reducing the occurrence of droughts and wildfires. C．By increasing the frequency of extremely cold winters. D．By changing the living condition of the tree species there. 2．What is a key consideration for Brian Palik when deciding which trees to plant? A．Focusing exclusively on planting trees that aren’t native to the area. B．Planting the tallest and fastest-growing trees to quickly restore the forest. C．Choosing trees that are the most economically valuable for timber production. D．Selecting species that can thrive in the changing climate conditions expected in the future. 3．What is the primary goal of assisted migration? A．To ensure that forests remain productive and provide ecosystem services. B．To preserve specific endangered species in their original habitats. C．To maintain the aesthetic beauty of forests for tourism. D．To increase the profitability of the timber industry. 4．Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A．The practice of forest assisted migration is bound to be carried out on a larger scale globally. B．Scientists’ concerns over forest disruption stem from the economic losses in the timber industry. C．Forest assisted migration appears to be a necessary attempt to maintain forest ecosystems. D．Relocated species will always outcompete native species, leading to biodiversity loss. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题01 阅读理解6大常考话题 话题1 生活与学习 话题4 历史、社会与文化 话题2 做人与做事 话题5 科学与技术 话题3 文学、艺术与体育 话题6 人与自然 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 话题1 生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海杨浦·期中）On the day the tornado hit, there was no indication severe weather was on its way — the sky was blue and the sun had been out. The first warning my husband, Jimmy and I got came around 9 p.m., from some scrolling text on the TV Jimmy was watching.   No sooner had we found coverage of the tornado than it was on top of us. I didn’t know how or if we would make it down the steps. It felt as if there were no floor underneath me as the wind lifted me off my feet. I gripped the banister (楼梯扶手) and tried to move forward, but this intense pressure held me in place. In those seconds of practical stillness, I could hear everything around me rattling.   We got close to the staircase landing only to hear the loud ripping sound of our garage door coming off. The back wall of the house followed suit and tore off into the darkness outside.   By the time I reached the closet, the tornado had been over us for about a minute. Jimmy pushed me down to the closet floor, but he couldn’t get inside himself because of the wind. I held Jimmy’s arm tightly as the tornado sucked the door open — we never did get it fully shut — and tried to bring Jimmy with it. My knees and head were full of glass, but in that moment, I felt no pain. If I had let go, Jimmy would have flown right out the back of the house and into the bay.   “Hold on! Hold on!” he yelled. But there was nothing in this closet to hold on to. All of a sudden, Jimmy lifted off his feet like people in tornadoes do in the movies. I thought he was gone. And then everything stopped. He landed on his feet. In those first quiet moments, I couldn’t believe it was over. Jimmy said he’d go outside to check. “No,” I said. “Don’t leave me. Don’t leave me.” 1．Which of the following is TRUE on the day the tornado hit? A．There was no warning or report about the tornado. B．The weather before the tornado seemed calm and sunny. C．The author and her husband didn’t take the tornado seriously. D．The author and her husband took immediate action after the TV coverage. 2．What does the underlined phrase “followed suit” in Paragraph 3 most likely mean? A．The back wall rumbled and cracked open. B．The back wall shook but didn’t tumble down. C．The back wall collapsed just like the garage door. D．The back wall was as strong as the garage door. 3．In paragraph 4, the author felt no pain because ______. A．she was dying for survival herself B．she was too eager to save her husband C．she was overwhelmed by the power of tornado D．she was seriously injured and fell unconscious 4．Which of the following words can best describe the author's feelings throughout this event? A．surprised, scared, empathetic B．shocked, terrified, desperate C．astonished, confused, sympathetic D．frantic, furious, grateful 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了龙卷风来袭当天天气晴朗，晚间9点电视滚动字幕才发出首次预警。龙卷风迅速逼近，作者在狂风中抓着楼梯扶手艰难移动，房屋车库门和后墙相继被卷走。躲进衣柜时，丈夫因风大无法进入，作者紧抓住他的手臂，不顾伤痛生怕他被卷走。最终风暴停止，两人劫后余生，作者仍心有余悸。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“On the day the tornado hit, there was no indication severe weather was on its way — the sky was blue and the sun had been out.( 在龙卷风袭击的那天，没有任何迹象表明恶劣天气即将来临——天空是蓝色的，太阳已经出来了)”可知，龙卷风来临前天气晴朗平静。故选B项。 2．词义猜测题。根据第三段前一句“We got close to the staircase landing only to hear the loud ripping sound of our garage door coming off.( 我们走近楼梯平台，只听到车库门被扯开的声音)”提到“车库门被掀开”，后句 “ tore off into the darkness outside.(奔向外面的黑暗)”推知，后墙像车库门一样“倒塌”继而被龙卷风吹走。由此猜测划线部分意为“像车库门一样倒塌。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“I held Jimmy’s arm tightly as the tornado sucked the door open — we never did get it fully shut — and tried to bring Jimmy with it. My knees and head were full of glass, but in that moment, I felt no pain.( 我紧紧抓住吉米的手臂，因为龙卷风把门吸开了——我们从来没有把它完全关上过——我试着把吉米也带走。我的膝盖和头上都是玻璃，但在那一刻，我感觉不到疼痛)”可知，作者的注意力完全集中在拯救丈夫上，无暇顾及疼痛。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，在整个事件中，作者的情感变化如下：震惊（shocked）：龙卷风毫无预兆地迅速逼近（No sooner had we found coverage... than it was on top of us）。恐惧（terrified）：被狂风掀离地面、房屋结构崩塌、丈夫险些被卷走（“I thought he was gone”）。绝望（desperate）：死死抓住丈夫、哀求他不要离开（“Don’t leave me”）。选项B“shocked, terrified, desperate(震惊，害怕，绝望)”完整概括了这一情感变化。故选B项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海闵行·期中）WORD OF THE DAY March 13, 2025 curfew noun | KER-fyoo Definition Curfew refers to a law or order that requires people to be indoors after a certain time at night, as well as to the period of time when such an order or law is in effect. Chiefly in the United States. //No one is allowed on the streets during the curfew. //Lana has a 10 o’clock curfew, so we need to bring her home right after the movie. SEE THE ENTRY > Examples “[LEW] Alcindor narrowed his college choice to Michigan, Columbia, St. John’s, and UCLA．He liked Columbia as the chance to attend school walking distance to Harlem and a subway ride to the jazz clubs he had to leave early as a high schooler to make curfew.” — Scott Howard-Cooper, Kingdom on Fire: Kareem, Wooden, Walton, and the Turbulent Days of the UCLA Basketball Dynasty, 2024 Did you know? Curfews set by parents (and kept or broken by their offspring) do not echo the origins of the word curfew in any noticeable way—if they did, they’d need to at least hint at the sound of a bell. When curfew was first used in the 14th century, it referred to the sounding of a bell at evening to alert people that they should cover their hearth (壁炉) fires for the night—a necessary warning, as many European houses in the Middle Ages were close enough to each other that fires could spread easily from one to the next. The word came to English from Anglo-French, in which the signal was called coverfeu, a compound of covrir, meaning “to cover,” and feu, “fire.” Even when hearth fires were no longer regulated, many towns had other rules that called for ringing an evening bell, including one that required people to be off the streets by a given time, a development that granted curfew permission to go out and about with a broader meaning. SEE MORE WORDS OF THE DAY > 1．Where do you most probably find this text? A．Real-time transcripts of a podcast program. B．A scholar column in a literary magazine. C．An enrollment guide of a language course. D．A link in an online dictionary application. 2．Which of the following is true according to the text? A．The word curfew was coined in Anglo-French to hint the sound of an evening bell. B．In Middle Ages, fires spread easily simply because the hearth fires were not covered. C．Curfew’s modern use doesn’t reflect its origin as hearth fires were no longer regulated. D．Originally, the word curfew was a compound noun signaling extinguished fireplaces. 3．Which of the following examples is an American usage of Curfew? A．Protesters disobeyed the curfew and took to the streets. B．Why do you have to go home now if you don’t have a curfew? C．The dusk-to-dawn curfew imposed by the army was lifted after the war. D．It’s against the criminal law of the state to be in the street after the curfew. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 【导语】本文是应用文。详细解释了“curfew”这个词的定义、用法、例句以及词源等信息。 1．推理判断题。根据本文标题“WORD OF THE DAY(今日一词)”以及纵观全文和最后一段“SEE MORE WORDS OF THE DAY >(查看更多今日词汇)”可知，本文介绍了“curfew”这个词的定义、用法、例句以及词源等信息，是词典中常见的词条格式，而最后一句则是网站常见信息，所以本文应是来自在线词典应用程序中的链接。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据Did you know?下的“When curfew was first used in the 14th century, it referred to the sounding of a bell at evening to alert people that they should cover their hearth (壁炉) fires for the night—a necessary warning, as many European houses in the Middle Ages were close enough to each other that fires could spread easily from one to the next. The word came to English from Anglo-French, in which the signal was called coverfeu, a compound of covrir, meaning “to cover,” and feu, “fire.”(当curfew在14世纪首次被使用时，它指的是在晚上敲响钟声，提醒人们晚上应该把壁炉里的火盖上——这是一个必要的警告，因为中世纪的许多欧洲房屋彼此距离很近，火灾很容易从一间房屋蔓延到另一间房屋。这个词是从盎格鲁-法语传入英语的，在英语中，这个信号被称为coverfeu，是covrir（意思是覆盖）和feu（意思是火）的合成词)”可知，“curfew”这个词是在英法中创造出来的，用来暗示晚上的钟声。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据Definition下的“Curfew refers to a law or order that requires people to be indoors after a certain time at night, as well as to the period of time when such an order or law is in effect. Chiefly in the United States.(“宵禁”指的是一项法律或命令，要求人们在夜间特定时间之后必须待在室内，同时也指该命令或法律生效的时间段。这主要在美国使用)”以及“Lana has a 10 o’clock curfew, so we need to bring her home right after the movie.(拉娜有10点宵禁，所以我们得在看完电影后马上送她回家)”可知，Curfew在美国主要指个人宵禁，所以B项“如果没有宵禁，你为什么要现在回家？”为个人宵禁，符合美国人对宵禁的用法。故选B项。 Passage 3 （23-24高二下·上海·期中）Kate Hanselman’s home is a shrine to hobbies past and present. Fencing suit sits beside multiple pairs of rock-climbing shoes. “I find yarn everywhere because I love knitting, and I have a whole set of embroidery (刺绣) stuff,” she says. Plus: stacks of puzzles, her partner’s golf clubs, and equipment from his flying lessons. “Our house is like a full hobby station,” she says with a laugh. Challenging, fun and engaging hobbies have the power to make us happier and healthier, says Hanselman, a nurse with the counseling practice Thriveworks. Such pursuits help us grow in creative, physical and intellectual ways, and can boost self-esteem. Plus, they often foster connection with others. Hobbies lead to better physical health, more sleep, lower stress, greater life satisfaction, a larger social network and improved work performance.     “Hobbies live in the pleasure world, not necessarily the mastery world,” Hanselman says. “We’re not trying to impress the board; we’re not going for a paycheck; there’s no additional motive. Hobbies are like dessert and as a baker myself, dessert is the most important part.” That resonates with Chris Johnson, recreational woodworker, motorcyclist, gardener, cook and runner. He has accepted that he’ll never be a master surfer, but that doesn’t dampen his enjoyment of riding waves. And he’s so taken with beekeeping that his backyard is now home to 20,000 honeybees. “I really love learning and figuring things out, and developing an understanding of how things tick,” says Johnson, of Carolina Beach, North Carolina. His hobbies tend to evolve out of curiosity, boredom or need. Take the bees: After moving into a new home with a barren yard, he was concerned about a lack of pollinators, so he planted a garden and became a beekeeper. “If you derive joy from your hobby—it doesn’t matter if it’s a board game or beekeeping—I’m confident it will make you a better person in every aspect of your life,” he says. 1．Kate Hanselman’s home primarily features ________. A．a focus on work-related equipment and tools B．a collection of various hobbies and interests C．an outlook on life and value from a novelty hunter D．a showcase of precious artwork and decorations 2．What effects can engaging in challenging hobbies have on individuals? A．Higher social status and wider networks. B．Enhanced physical and mental well-being. C．Increased financial wealth and material possessions. D．Improved cognitive abilities and increased intelligence. 3．Kate Hanselman intended the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 to ________. A．highlight the very purpose of hobbies is to bring pleasure B．distinguish her from others by the understanding of hobbies C．attach great importance to her passion for baking compared with other hobbies D．convey the core of hobbies is to provide a sense of master y and accomplishment 4．According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? A．Both Hanselman and Johnson are enthusiasts of hobbies and long for recognition. B．Hanselman is under great pressure from satisfying societal expectations and norms. C．Johnson’s interests are likely to have stemmed from curiosity and practical needs. D．Johnson is engaged in community service to gain financial stability and wealth. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了爱好对于个人幸福和健康的重要性，并通过几个具体的例子进行了阐述。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段““I find yarn everywhere because I love knitting, and I have a whole set of embroidery (刺绣) stuff,” she says. Plus: stacks of puzzles, her partner’s golf clubs, and equipment from his flying lessons. “Our house is like a full hobby station,” she says with a laugh. (“我发现到处都是线团，因为我喜欢编织，还有一整套刺绣用具，”她说。此外，还有一堆拼图、伴侣的高尔夫俱乐部装备以及他的飞行课设备。“我们的家就像一个全面的爱好站，”她笑着说.)”可知，凯特·汉塞尔曼的家主要以各种爱好和兴趣的集合为特色，故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Challenging, fun and engaging hobbies have the power to make us happier and healthier, says Hanselman, a nurse with the counseling practice Thriveworks. Such pursuits help us grow in creative, physical and intellectual ways, and can boost self-esteem. Plus, they often foster connection with others. Hobbies lead to better physical health, more sleep, lower stress, greater life satisfaction (具有挑战性、趣味性和参与性的爱好能够让我们更快乐、更健康，汉塞尔曼说，她是Thriveworks咨询实践的一名护士。这样的追求帮助我们在创造性、身体和智力方面成长，并且可以提升自尊。此外，它们通常还能促进与他人的联系。爱好带来更好的身体健康、更多的睡眠、较低的压力、更大的生活满意度)”可知，从事具有挑战性的爱好会对个人带来的影响是身心健康的增强，故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段““Hobbies live in the pleasure world, not necessarily the mastery world,” Hanselman says. “We’re not trying to impress the board; we’re not going for a paycheck; there’s no additional motive. (汉塞尔曼说：“爱好存在于快乐的世界中，而不一定是在掌握的世界中。我们不是在试图给董事会留下深刻印象；我们不是为了薪水；没有额外的动机。”)”可推理出，划线词意在表达发展爱好的目的是为了带来快乐，并非有其他目的，故选A项。 4．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“He has accepted that he’ll never be a master surfer, but that doesn’t dampen his enjoyment of riding waves. And he’s so taken with beekeeping that his backyard is now home to 20,000 honeybees. (他接受了自己永远不会成为冲浪高手的事实，但这并没有削弱他享受冲浪的乐趣。他对养蜂的热爱到了痴迷的程度，以至于他的后院现在成了两万只蜜蜂的家。)”以及倒数第二段“His hobbies tend to evolve out of curiosity, boredom or need. Take the bees: After moving into a new home with a barren yard, he was concerned about a lack of pollinators, so he planted a garden and became a beekeeper. (他的爱好往往是出于好奇、无聊或需要而发展起来的。拿蜜蜂来说：搬进一个院子荒芜的新家后，他担心缺乏传粉者，于是种了一个花园并成为了一名养蜂人。)”可知，Chris Johnson提到他的爱好往往源于好奇心、无聊或需求。例如，他之所以成为养蜂人，是因为搬到一个院子荒芜的新家后，他担心传粉昆虫的缺乏，因此他种植了花园并开始养蜂。这表明他的兴趣确实可能源自好奇心和实际需求，故选C项。 话题2 做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海嘉定·期中）We the people have always been helplessly drawn to the concept of magic. We’ve spent billions of dollars for the opportunity to see what real magic might look like, in the form of Harry Potter movies, superhero films and TV shows, from Bewitched on down. It should follow, then, that any time you can offer real magical powers for sale, the public will buy it. That’s exactly what’s been going on in consumer technology. Remember Arthur C． Clarke’s most famous line? “Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.” Anything invisible and wireless, anything that we control with our hands or our voices, anything we can operate over impossible distances —  those are the hits because they most resemble magic. You can now change the temperature in your bedroom from thousands of miles away or call up a show on your TV screen by speaking its name or type on your phone by speaking to it. Magic. For decades the wisdom in product design has been to “make it simpler to operate” and “make it easier for the consumer”. And those are admirable goals, for sure. Some of the biggest technical advancements in the past 30 years- miniaturization, wireless, touch screens, artificial intelligence, robotics — have been committed to “simpler” and “easier”. But that’s not enough to feel magical. Real tech magic is simplicity plus awe. The most exciting technology-GPS apps telling you when to turn, your Amazon Echo answering questions for you, your phone letting you pay for something by waving it at that product-feel kind of awesome every single time. The awe component is important. It’s the difference between magic and mere convenience. You could say to your butler, “Jeeves, lock all the doors” and yes, that’d be convenient. But saying, “Alexa, lock all the doors,” and then hearing the deadbolts (锁芯) all over the house click by themselves? Same convenience, but this time it’s magical. 1．The first paragraph is intended to ________. A．highlight the concept of magic B．show human beings’ craze about magic C．reveal what magic looks like in our life D．introduce some magical films and TV shows 2．The pronoun “that” (paragraph 5) refers to ________. A．products being simpler and easier B．technical advancement in history C．changing wisdom in product design D．popular technology development 3．What contributes to real tech magic? A．The real sense of simplicity. B．The feeling of amazement. C．The emphasis on convenience. D．The widespread use of voice. 4．What does the author use in the last paragraph to illustrate his opinion? A．Reasoning. B．Comparison. C．Quotation. D．Statistics. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，探讨了人们对魔法的痴迷延伸到对消费科技产品的追求，阐述了真正的科技魔法不仅要简单易操作，还需给人带来惊叹之感，并通过对比进行论证。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“We the people have always been helplessly drawn to the concept of magic. We’ve spent billions of dollars for the opportunity to see what real magic might look like, in the form of Harry Potter movies, superhero films and TV shows, from Bewitched on down. (我们人类总是无可救药地被魔法的概念所吸引。我们花费数十亿美元，只为有机会看到真正的魔法可能是什么样子，比如《哈利・波特》系列电影、超级英雄电影以及从《家有仙妻》开始的各类电视节目。)” 可知，第一段通过描述人们为看魔法相关内容不惜花费大量金钱，旨在展示人类对魔法的狂热。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据第四段“For decades the wisdom in product design has been to “make it simpler to operate” and “make it easier for the consumer”. And those are admirable goals, for sure. Some of the biggest technical advancements in the past 30 years- miniaturization, wireless, touch screens, artificial intelligence, robotics — have been committed to “simpler” and “easier”. (几十年来，产品设计的理念一直是“让操作更简单”和“让消费者更轻松”。这些无疑是令人钦佩的目标。在过去 30 年里，一些最重大的技术进步 —— 小型化、无线技术、触摸屏、人工智能、机器人技术 —— 都致力于实现“更简单”和“更轻松”。)” 以及第五段“But that’s not enough to feel magical. Real tech magic is simplicity plus awe. (但 不足以让人感觉神奇。真正的科技魔法是简单加上惊叹。)” 可知，“that” 指代前文提到的产品设计追求的 “更简单” 和 “更轻松”，即产品变得更简单、更容易操作。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“Real tech magic is simplicity plus awe. (真正的科技魔法是简单加上惊叹)” 可知，真正的科技魔法需要简单和惊叹，故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段 “You could say to your butler, “Jeeves, lock all the doors” and yes, that’d be convenient. But saying, “Alexa, lock all the doors,” and then hearing the deadbolts (锁芯) all over the house click by themselves? Same convenience, but this time it’s magical. (你可以对你的管家说：“吉夫斯，把所有的门都锁上”，是的，那会很方便。但是说：“亚历克萨，把所有的门都锁上”，然后听到房子里所有的锁芯自己咔嗒一声锁上呢？同样的便利，但这次感觉像魔法。)” 可知，作者通过对比对管家说锁门和对智能设备说锁门的不同感受，来阐述自己的观点。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海·期中）Handing Over Our Confirmation Biases to Search Engines In the internet age, we’ve handed over part of our critical thinking to algorithms (算法). People often search not to explore, but to confirm what they already believe. It’s not always truth we’re after — sometimes, it’s just comfort. Search engines, in theory, should be our assistants in combating this intellectual echo chamber (回音室). They’re designed to bring us a variety of perspectives, ideally steering us toward credible, high-quality sources. In an ideal world, these algorithms would push us to reconsider outdated opinions and update our beliefs with factual, balanced information. But things didn’t turn out as we’d hoped. In fact, we’ve learned to game the system, altering search terms to steer us back into the familiar arms of confirmation bias. Rather than opening our minds, search engines now often strengthen our narrow views — flooding us with half-truths or even clear misinformation. A recent study by Eugina Leung uncovers an uncomfortable truth: the problem isn’t just with the technology. It’s also with us. It is we, the users, that are accountable for strengthening our biases. When people search for information, they often do so with terms that are narrow enough to ensure the results reflect their pre-existing opinions. Consider the question: Is caffeine good or bad for you? A straightforward search like “what are the health effects of caffeine?” might yield balanced results. But searching “is caffeine bad for you?” floods the page with negative articles, supporting a one-sided view. Leung’s research found that over a quarter of caffeine-related searches were so specific that they blocked out opposing perspectives. The researchers’ findings are part of a broader pattern. While people might claim to seek balanced perspectives, data shows that people’s search habits often mirror their personal preferences or beliefs. Take, for example, consumers looking for health and wellness advice. Those who are already advocates of a plant-based diet are more likely to search for phrases like “benefits of veganism” rather than “dangers of veganism,” strengthening the idea that search engines often become self-fulfilling predictions generators Through a series of experiments, Leung found that when participants searched for more specific terms, their views were less likely to change. Whether they were researching caffeine or gas prices, participants consistently crafted search inputs that fit neatly into their own beliefs. The implication is clear: we don’t just let search engines shape our worldview; we actively shape our searches to support it. But there’s hope. The research also suggests that a simple shift in approach — using broader, less biased search terms — can help us break out of our ideological bubbles. It’s a small but potentially significant step toward rediscovering a more balanced way of seeking information in an age of widespread online division. 1．What role do search engines ideally play in our information seeking? A．They are meant to justify the user s pre-existing beliefs. B．They serve as tools for entertainment and personal comfort. C．They aim to enrich users’ perspectives and challenge views. D．They screen out low-quality sources based on user preferences. 2．According to Leung’s research, what is the main issue with how people use search engines? A．The internet is full of half-truths and misinformation. B．Search engines provide results supporting existing ideas. C．Users strengthen their biases with narrow search terms. D．Search engines always exclude challenging viewpoints. 3．What does “a broader pattern” mentioned in the passage refer to? A．Information is often sought to change existing opinions. B．Search habits tend to reflect pre-existing preferences. C．Health advice is searched to support dietary choices. D．Balanced perspectives are sought to reveal neutral stance. 4．To avoid confirmation bias, which of the following search inputs would best help a student writing about online learning? A．Shared strengths of online and classroom learning. B．Benefits of online learning for college students. C．Problems with traditional classroom education. D．Effects of online learning on student performance. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文为议论文。文章主要聚焦搜索引擎时代的 “确认偏误” 现象，指出用户常通过搜索验证固有观点而非追求真相，研究表明狭隘搜索词会强化偏见，而更宽泛的搜索策略可帮助突破信息茧房。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Search engines, in theory, should be our assistants in combating this intellectual echo chamber (回音室). They’re designed to bring us a variety of perspectives, ideally steering us toward credible, high-quality sources. In an ideal world, these algorithms would push us to reconsider outdated opinions and update our beliefs with factual, balanced information.(搜索引擎在理论上应该是我们对抗这种知识回音室的助手。它们被设计用来为我们带来各种不同的观点，理想情况下会引导我们获取可靠、高质量的信息源。在理想世界中，这些算法会促使我们重新考虑过时的观点，并用基于事实的、平衡的信息来更新我们的信念)”可知，搜索引擎理旨在丰富用户的观点并挑战已有的观点。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“A recent study by Eugina Leung uncovers an uncomfortable truth: the problem isn’t just with the technology. It’s also with us. It is we, the users, that are accountable for strengthening our biases. When people search for information, they often do so with terms that are narrow enough to ensure the results reflect their pre - existing opinions.(Eugina Leung最近的一项研究揭示了一个令人不安的事实：问题不仅仅出在技术上，我们自身也有问题。是我们用户强化了自己的偏见。当人们搜索信息时，他们经常使用足够狭窄的术语，以确保结果反映出他们预先存在的观点)”可知，根据Eugina Leung的研究，人们使用搜索引擎的主要问题是用户用狭窄的搜索词强化了自己的偏见。故选C。 3．词义猜测题。根据第 六 段“The researchers’ findings are part of a broader pattern. While people might claim to seek balanced perspectives, data shows that people’s search habits often mirror their personal preferences or beliefs.(研究人员的发现是一个更广泛模式的一部分。虽然人们可能声称寻求平衡的观点，但数据表明，人们的搜索习惯往往反映出他们的个人偏好或信念)”可知，“a broader pattern”指的是搜索习惯往往反映出预先存在的偏好。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段 “The research also suggests that a simple shift in approach — using broader, less biased search terms — can help us break out of our ideological bubbles.(研究还表明，方法上的一个简单转变——使用更广泛、更少偏见的搜索词——可以帮助我们突破思想茧房)”可知，为了避免确认偏误，要求中立性和全面性，避免预设立场或仅验证固有观点。所以为了避免确认偏误，D选项“线上学习对学生表现的影响”搜索输入最有助于学生撰写关于在线学习的文章？故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海杨浦·期末）Everything Must Be Paid for Twice One financial lesson they should teach in school is that most of the things we buy have to be paid for twice. There’s the first price, usually paid in dollars, just to gain possession of the desired thing, whatever it is: a book, a budgeting app, a unicycle. But then, in order to make use of the thing, you must also pay a second price. This is the effort and initiative required to gain its benefits, and it can be much higher than the first price. A new novel, for example, might require twenty dollars for its first price — and ten hours of dedicated reading time for its second. Only when the second price is being paid do you see any return on the first one. Paying only the first price is about the same as throwing money in the garbage. In pre-consumer societies, people focused less on acquiring things and more on mastering their use — consistently putting tools to work. The miracle of industrialization has lowered first prices dramatically. Yet technology also creates endless buying options. Here’s the cruel truth: no matter how many gym memberships you buy or classics you collect, your daily 24 hours don’t expand. Their potential remains “unredeemed” until you pay the second price — your consistent effort. I believe this is one reason our modern lifestyles can feel unsatisfying sometimes. In our search for fulfillment, we keep paying first prices, creating a correspondingly enormous debt of unpaid second prices. Yet the real value of any purchase stays locked up until both prices are paid. This feeling of not having enough leads to a big problem: we automatically spend too much time on easy entertainment-like phone apps, streaming services, and fast food — even though they don’t really make us much happier than doing nothing. We choose these things because they’re simple and require little effort, but they waste lots of time. This leaves us with even less energy for more important things. The best solution is simple: stop buying unnecessary things, and focus on using what you already have. This way, you can finally enjoy all those books, gadgets, and items you own but never used. Paying the effort cost may seem hard at first, but you’ll grow to love it. It’s like walking through an unknown forest — each step in the unmapped wilderness is challenging, yet full of life. When you reach the other side, the forest becomes part of you, making you stronger. 1．What is the author’s primary argument about modern consumption? A．Technology has significantly reduced product prices. B．A return to pre-industrial lifestyles could restore balance. C．True value requires both financial cost and personal effort. D．Excessive product variety often leads to dissatisfaction. 2．The underlined word “unredeemed” in paragraph 5 is closest to ______. A．returned for money back B．damaged beyond repair C．priced too high D．not yet realized or claimed 3．According to the passage, why do people prefer easy entertainment? A．They cost less money than meaningful activities. B．They usually require little effort to engage with. C．They are advertised everywhere aggressively. D．They are more accessible than complex alternatives. 4．What does the “unknown forest” metaphor in the last paragraph suggest about paying second prices? A．It’s better to follow paths others have made. B．One needs special support to achieve success. C．The difficulty leads to personal transformation. D．The process is dangerous and should be avoided. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章指出我们购买的东西通常要付两次代价，真正的价值需要经济成本和个人努力，现代消费中人们常忽视后者，还给出了解决办法。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“There’s the first price, usually paid in dollars, just to gain possession of the desired thing, whatever it is: a book, a budgeting app, a unicycle. But then, in order to make use of the thing, you must also pay a second price. This is the effort and initiative required to gain its benefits, and it can be much higher than the first price.(有第一个价格，通常用美元支付，只是为了获得想要的东西，不管是什么：一本书、一个预算应用程序、一辆独轮车。但为了使用这个东西，你还必须支付第二个价格。这是获得其好处所需的努力和主动性，而且它可能比第一个价格高得多)”以及后文多次强调真正价值需要支付两次代价可知，作者关于现代消费的主要观点是真正的价值需要经济成本和个人努力。故选C项。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Their potential remains ‘unredeemed’ until you pay the second price — your consistent effort.(它们的潜在可能性仍然‘unredeemed’，直到你支付第二个价格——你持续的努力)”和前文提到购买了东西但不付出努力就无法获得其价值可推知，“unredeemed”意思是“还未实现或获得”，D项与“not yet realized or claimed”同义。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“This feeling of not having enough leads to a big problem: we automatically spend too much time on easy entertainment-like phone apps, streaming services, and fast food — even though they don’t really make us much happier than doing nothing. We choose these things because they’re simple and require little effort, but they waste lots of time.(这种“不够用”的感觉导致了一个大问题：我们自然而然地把太多时间花在简单的娱乐上——比如手机应用程序、流媒体服务和快餐——尽管它们并不比什么都不做更让我们快乐。我们选择这些东西是因为它们简单，需要很少的努力，但它们浪费了很多时间)”可知，人们更喜欢轻松的娱乐是因为参与其中通常需要很少的努力。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Paying the effort cost may seem hard at first, but you’ll grow to love it. It’s like walking through an unknown forest — each step in the unmapped wilderness is challenging, yet full of life. When you reach the other side, the forest becomes part of you, making you stronger.(一开始付出努力的代价可能看起来很难，但你会逐渐喜欢上它。这就像穿过一片未知的森林——在未被绘制地图的荒野中每一步都充满挑战，但又充满生机。当你到达另一边时，森林就成为了你的一部分，让你变得更强大)”可知，“未知的森林”这个比喻暗示付出第二次代价时，困难会带来个人的转变，让你变得更强大。故选C项。 话题3 文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海·期中）The Painting Fool is one of a growing number of computer programs which, as their makers claim, possess creative talents. Classical music by an artificial composer has had audiences enraptured, and even tricked them into believing a human was behind the score. Artworks painted by a robot have sold for thousands of dollars and been hung in prestigious galleries. And software has been built which creates art that could not have been imagined by the programmer. Human beings are the only species to perform sophisticated creative acts regularly. If we can break this process down into computer code, where does that leave human creativity? ‘This is a question at the very core of humanity,’ says Geraint Wiggins, a computational creativity researcher at Goldsmiths, University of London. ‘It scares a lot of people. They are worried that it is taking something special away from what it means to be human.’ To some extent, we are all familiar with computerized art. The question is: where does the work of the artist stop and the creativity of the computer begin? Consider one of the oldest machine artists, Aaron, a robot that has had paintings exhibited in London’s Tate Modern and the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. Aaron can pick up a paintbrush and paint on canvas on its own. Impressive perhaps, but it is still little more than a tool to realize the programmer’s own creative ideas. Simon Colton, the designer of the Painting Fool, is keen to make sure his creation doesn’t attract the same criticism. Unlike earlier ‘artists’ such as Aaron, the Painting Fool only needs minimal direction and can come up with its own concepts by going online for material. The software runs its own web searches and trawls through social media sites. It is now beginning to display a kind of imagination too, creating pictures from scratch. One of its original works is a series of fuzzy landscapes, depicting trees and sky. While some might say they have a mechanical look, Colton argues that such reactions arise from people’s double standards towards software-produced and human-produced art. After all, he says, consider that the Painting Fool painted the landscapes without referring to a photo. ‘If a child painted a new scene from its head, you’d say it has a certain level of imagination,’ he points out. ‘The same should be true of a machine.’ Software bugs can also lead to unexpected results. Some of the Painting Fool’s paintings of a chair came out in black and white, thanks to a technical glitch. This gives the work an eerie, ghostlike quality. Human artists like the renowned Ellsworth Kelly are lauded for limiting their color palette-so why should computers be any different? 1．What is the writer suggesting about computer-produced works in the first paragraph? A．People’s acceptance of them can vary considerably. B．A great deal of progress has already been attained in this field. C．They have had more success in some artistic genres than in others. D．The advances are not as significant as the public believes them to be. 2．According to Geraint Wiggins, why are many people worried by computer art? A．It is aesthetically inferior to human art. B．It may ultimately supersede human art. C．It undermines a fundamental human quality. D．It will lead to a deterioration in human ability. 3．What is a key difference between Aaron and the Painting Fool? A．Its programmer’s background. B．Public response to its work. C．The source of its subject matter. D．The technical standard of its output. 4．What point does Simon Colton make in the fourth paragraph? A．Software-produced art is often dismissed as childish and simplistic. B．The same concepts of creativity should not be applied to all forms of art. C．It is unreasonable to expect a machine to be as imaginative as a human being. D．People tend to judge computer art and human art according to different criteria. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是计算机程序在艺术创作领域的进展及其引发的关于人类创造力与机器创造力的讨论，探讨了人工智能艺术作品的独特性及争议。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The Painting Fool is one of a growing number of computer programs which, as their makers claim, possess creative talents. Classical music by an artificial composer has had audiences enraptured, and even tricked them into believing a human was behind the score. Artworks painted by a robot have sold for thousands of dollars and been hung in prestigious galleries. (“绘画愚人”是越来越多声称具有创造力的计算机程序之一。由人工智能作曲家创作的古典音乐让观众着迷，甚至让他们误以为背后是人类创作。机器人绘制的艺术品已以数千美元的价格售出，并被挂在著名画廊中。)”可知，作者通过具体实例表明，计算机生成艺术领域已经取得了显著进步。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段的“‘This is a question at the very core of humanity,’ says Geraint Wiggins, a computational creativity researcher at Goldsmiths, University of London. ‘It scares a lot of people. They are worried that it is taking something special away from what it means to be human.’(‘这是一个人类核心的问题，’伦敦大学金史密斯学院的计算创造力研究员格伦特·威金斯说。‘这吓坏了许多人。他们担心这会夺走一些成为人类所特有的东西。’)”可知，许多人担忧计算机艺术会削弱人类的基本特质。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Aaron can pick up a paintbrush and paint on canvas on its own. Impressive perhaps, but it is still little more than a tool to realize the programmer’s own creative ideas. (Aaron可以拿起画笔自行在画布上作画。虽然令人印象深刻，但它仍然只是实现程序员创意想法的工具。)”可知，Aaron使用画笔自行在画布上作画，结合第四段中的“Unlike earlier ‘artists’ such as Aaron, the Painting Fool only needs minimal direction and can come up with its own concepts by going online for material. (与早期的‘艺术家’如Aaron不同，“绘画愚人”只需最少的指导，便能通过上网获取材料并提出自己的概念。)”可知，“绘画愚人”通过上网获取材料并提出自己的概念，由此可知，两者的区别在于主题来源不同。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段的“Colton argues that such reactions arise from people’s double standards towards software-produced and human-produced art. After all, he says, consider that the Painting Fool painted the landscapes without referring to a photo. ‘If a child painted a new scene from its head, you’d say it has a certain level of imagination,’ he points out. ‘The same should be true of a machine.’(Colton认为，这种反应源于人们对软件生成艺术和人类生成艺术的双重标准。毕竟，他说，“绘画愚人”在没有参考照片的情况下绘制了风景画。‘如果一个孩子凭空画出一幅新场景，你会说它具有一定想象力，’他指出，‘机器也应如此。’)”可知，Colton认为，这种反应源于人们对软件生成艺术和人类生成艺术的双重标准，由此可知，Colton指出人们评判计算机艺术和人类艺术时采用不同标准的现象。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海·期中）Rosamund Pike Shines in Flawed Marie Curie Biopic Rosamund Pike delivered one of the most accomplished performances of the past few years in 2018’s A Private War. in which she played journalist Marie Colvin. In Radioactive, Pike brings the same level of stable commitment to an alternately fascinating and disappointing biopic (传记片) about French scientist Marie Curie. Based on Lauren Redniss’s graphic novel, Radioactive covers the well-known achievements of Marie Curie: her Nobel Prize wins for discovering radium and polonium, and her groundbreaking research on radioactivity. For those unfamiliar with her personal life, the film reveals lesser-known aspects, including her passionate partnership with her husband Pierre, a scandalous affair that damaged her reputation, and her Polish roots, which made her an outsider in Paris. Though not an activist, Curie’s determination to be respected in a male-dominated scientific world aligns with early feminist ideals. Directed by Marjane Satrapi (known for Persepolis), Radioactive attempts to translate the bold visuals and narrative style of a graphic novel into live-action, with mixed results. The film is visually striking. thanks to Anthony Dod Mantle’s cinematography—the glowing green radium is both mesmerizing and ominous. Yet, the storytelling falters when Satrapi inserts surreal time jumps, showing how Curie’s discoveries later influenced both medicine and warfare. Pike delivers a strong performance, portraying Curie as brilliant but difficult—admirable yet not always likable. However, the film struggles with its uneven structure, shifting between biography and symbolic scenes that feel out of place. The irony of Curie’s story is that she hated suffering, yet her work led to both life-saving treatments and destructive weapons. Ultimately, Radioactive’s biggest flaw may be its source material. The episodic, fragmented style of the graphic novel doesn’t fully translate to film, leaving the story feeling uneven. While Pike’s performance and Curie’s remarkable life make the movie worth watching, the execution falls short of its potential. 1．According to Paragraph 1, what is the author’s attitude toward Rosarnund Pike’s performance in Radioactive? A．Appreciative. B．Disappointed. C．Vague. D．Unexpected. 2．Which of the following is TRUE of Radioactive, according to Paragraphs 2 and 3? A．It successfully transforms the stylized visual grammar into a live-action film form. B．It tells some stories about Marie Curie that might not be known. C．It has laid a foundation for the coming feminist revolution. D．It mainly tells Marie Curie’s love story with her husband. 3．Marie Curie’s character in Radioactiveis ______ A．adorable. B．brilliant. C．controversial. D．shallow. 4．We learn from the last paragraph that one of the reasons for the problems of Radioactive is______ A．both the hero and heroine had poor performances. B．it was adapted from a graphic novel. C．Marjane Satrapi doesn’t have a talent for directing. D．the story it tells is not fascinating. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了对电影《放射性物质》的评价。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Rosamund Pike delivered one of the most accomplished performances of the past few years in 2018’s A Private War. In Radioactive, Pike brings the same level of stable commitment to an alternately fascinating and disappointing biopic (传记片) about French scientist Marie Curie. (罗莎蒙德・派克在2018年的《私人战争》中奉献了过去几年里最出色的表演之一。在《放射性物质》中，派克以同样坚定的投入出演了一部既引人入胜又令人失望的关于法国科学家玛丽・居里的传记片。)”可知，作者对罗莎蒙德・派克在《放射性物质》中的表演是赞赏的。故选 A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“For those unfamiliar with her personal life, the film reveals lesser-known aspects, including her passionate partnership with her husband Pierre, a scandalous affair that damaged her reputation, and her Polish roots, which made her an outsider in Paris. (对于那些不熟悉她个人生活的人来说，这部电影揭示了鲜为人知的方面，包括她与丈夫皮埃尔充满激情的合作关系，一件损害了她声誉的丑闻事件，以及她的波兰血统，这使她在巴黎成为一个局外人。)”可知，电影《放射性物质》讲述了一些可能不为人知的关于玛丽・居里的故事。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段中“For those unfamiliar with her personal life, the film reveals lesser-known aspects, including her passionate partnership with her husband Pierre, a scandalous affair that damaged her reputation, and her Polish roots, which made her an outsider in Paris. (对于那些不了解她个人生活的人来说，这部电影揭示了一些鲜为人知的方面，包括她与丈夫皮埃尔充满激情的合作关系、一件损害了她声誉的丑闻事件，以及她的波兰血统，这使她在巴黎成为一个局外人。)”和第四段中“Pike delivers a strong performance, portraying Curie as brilliant but difficult—admirable yet not always likable. (派克的表演非常出色，她将居里夫人塑造成一个才华横溢但难以相处的人——令人钦佩，但并不总是讨人喜欢。)”可知，电影《放射性物质》中玛丽·居里的形象是有争议的。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Ultimately, Radioactive’s biggest flaw may be its source material. The episodic, fragmented style of the graphic novel doesn’t fully translate to film, leaving the story feeling uneven.(最终，《放射性物质》最大的缺陷可能是它的素材来源。这部图画小说的情节式、碎片化风格没有完全转化为电影，使得故事显得不均衡。)”可知，《放射性物质》存在问题的原因之一是它改编自一部图画小说。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海闵行·期中）①Along with 3 million other workers, Eamonn, a civil servant, used to commute into London daily. It was once an easy trip of 30 minutes by train from Coulsdon South to Victoria. But after years of strikes and driver shortages at Southern Rail, the operator on that line, getting to work became a lottery—a train running on time felt like a “luxury for special occasions only”, he complains, With Southern cancelling up to 350 trains a day, in one three-week period last autumn he managed to get to the office on only two days. Eventually he moved to Liverpool to escape his awful commute. ②Many other Londoners are changing the way they work because of the railways’ poor, pricey service. On January 2nd rail fares across Britain rose by an average of 3.4%, the largest increase since 2013. Over the past decade fares have risen twice as fast as salaries. Falling subsidies (补贴) mean that passengers now pick up 70% of the rail network’s costs, up from 50% ten years ago. ③Until now, passengers have put up with it. Since the industry was privatized in the mid-1990s, the number of rail journeys in the south-east has increased by 130%, though fares have risen by 45% in real terms. But that seems to be changing. The year to April 2017 saw the first big drop in passenger numbers in the south-east. ④Many rail executives blame a slowdown related to Brexit for falling traffic. But that doesn’t explain why the drop-off has been highest in the south-east. Indeed, since referendum (全名公投) in June 2016, output in London has grown faster than in any other British region and employment has risen. ⑤More likely it is high fares and unreliable service that are persuading commuters to change how they work, says Stephen Joseph of the Campaign for Better Transport. In the six months to September, journeys made on season tickets—which save money for daily commuters—fell by a tenth, while journeys made using single-use tickets continued to rise. The trend is strongest in the south-east, where fares are highest and services heavily disrupted. With more part-time jobs and technology that lets people work from home, going to the office every day is falling out of fashion. Employers, facing high rents, are keen to encourage this. The amount of space per employee in the City of London has fallen from 17 square metres in the 1990s to just 11 now. ⑥The government is considering limiting fare increases more strictly in the future. That would cut train operators’ profit further. Mr. Joseph suggests that moving to a simpler fare structure, with season tickets for part-time commuters, could draw more people back onto trains, as such schemes have elsewhere in Europe. 1．According to the first paragraph, what does Eamonn complain about in terms of the train service? A．Punctuality. B．Facilities. C．Interval. D．Routes. 2．Which of the following statements is true according to paragraphs 2 and 3? A．Fares rose by 45%in real terms in the year to April 2017. B．Rail fares across Britain have increased by 3.4% since the year of 2013. C．Fewer people in the south-east commute by train now than in the 1990s. D．Fares cover a bigger part of the rail network’s costs now than a decade ago. 3．The writer mentions the growth of output in London in paragraph 4 in order to ________. A．reveal that London has been recovering since the 2016 referendum B．argue that it was not the slowdown that led to the failing traffic C．illustrate how Brexit affected Britain’s economy D．cast doubt on the rise of employment in London 4．What can be inferred from paragraphs 5 and 6? A．The government has taken train operators’ profit too seriously. B．The number of people commuting to work every day is on the decline. C．Single-use tickets are just available to part-time commuters in the south-east. D．Stephen Joseph thinks it necessary to stick to the current policy of season tickets. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了伦敦铁路服务因罢工、司机短缺等问题导致服务质量差、票价高，使得乘客数量下降，人们改变通勤方式，以及政府和相关人士对此提出的一些看法和建议。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“But after years of strikes and driver shortages at Southern Rail, the operator on that line, getting to work became a lottery—a train running on time felt like a “luxury for special occasions only”, he complains, (但是，经过多年的罢工和这条线路的运营商南方铁路的司机短缺，上班变得像买彩票一样——一列准时运行的火车感觉像是“只有在特殊场合才会有的奢侈品”，他抱怨道)” 可知，Eamonn 抱怨的是火车的准点率问题。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Falling subsidies (补贴) mean that passengers now pick up 70% of the rail network’s costs, up from 50% ten years ago.(补贴的减少意味着乘客现在要承担铁路网络 70% 的成本，而十年前这一比例为 50%。)” 可知，现在票价在铁路网络成本中所占的比例比十年前更大了。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Many rail executives blame a slowdown related to Brexit for falling traffic. But that doesn’t explain why the drop-off has been highest in the south-east. Indeed, since referendum (全名公投) in June 2016, output in London has grown faster than in any other British region and employment has risen.(许多铁路高管将客流量下降归咎于英国脱欧相关的经济放缓。但这并不能解释为什么东南部的客流量下降幅度最大。事实上，自 2016 年 6 月公投以来，伦敦的产出增长速度比英国其他任何地区都快，就业率也有所上升)” 可推知，作者提到伦敦产出的增长是为了论证不是经济放缓导致了客流量下降。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段“With more part-time jobs and technology that lets people work from home, going to the office every day is falling out of fashion.(随着更多的兼职工作和让人们可以在家工作的技术出现，每天去办公室上班已经不再流行)” 可推知，每天通勤上班的人数在下降。故选B。 话题4 历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海浦东新·期末）If Timothy White were Captain America, perhaps simply one fling (挥动) of the superhero’s trademark shield could have saved the day. But this was real life. And though White has dressed up as Captain America for conventions, parades and the local Anti-Bullying Superhero Day, when he spotted trouble on this September afternoon he wasn’t wearing his costume and couldn’t rely on any superpowers. White, 38, was driving home when he noticed a gray Nissan four-door pickup (皮卡货车). It was hard to miss,since it made a turn and headed for the curb (马路牙子) before course-correcting, only to head for the curb again. As the pickup drew closer, White got a good look at the problem: The driver appeared to be asleep. Pretty soon, this guy’s going to crash into a house and kill himself or somebody else, White thought. While many people would have kept on driving, that’s not how White operates. He had to stop that vehicle. White pulled his car over and jumped out. The truck was going 10 to 15 mph, White estimates. He darted into the road, running around to the driver’s side. The window was down on this temperate autumn day. White grabbed the frame of the window — his legs moving in step with the pickup — and leaped in. The man behind the wheel, 64-year-old Todd DeAngelis, was just conscious enough to be startled by the peculiar sight of a stranger lying across his stomach, and he let out a yelp. White worked quickly. He took hold of the gear shift and forced the pickup into park, bringing it to a sudden stop. He jumped out of the truck window the same way he came in. From outside the truck, White asked DeAngelis if he was OK. “No,” he replied, in a haze. DeAngelis, a diabetic, was unexpectedly facing dangerously low blood sugar. An ambulance soon arrived and took DeAngelis to a hospital, where it was determined that had his blood sugar gone much lower, he could have gone into a diabetic coma. “He kept me from a much worse accident than it could have been,” DeAngelis said after his recovery. White’s actions that day were not out of character. As a teenager, he once kicked in the door of a house that was on fire to see if anyone was trapped inside. Fortunately, the house was empty. “I’m always trying to help, where I can, when I can,” he says. But jumping into a moving vehicle to prevent a crash? White admits this was new territory. “It took me a couple of days,” he says, “and a couple of beers, to chill out.” 1．Why does the author mention Captain America at the opening paragraph? A．To emphasize the impact of comic book conventions on people’s daily life. B．To explain why White was unable to save people with superpowers that day. C．To emphasize that real heroism comes from character not superpowers, by contrast. D．To suggest that White wished he had superpowers by dressing up like Captain America. 2．Which of the following statement is TRUE? A．Timothy White managed to save the driver by breaking the window, using his strength to push the truck off the road and pulling the driver out. B．Timothy White noticed the truck’s abnormal movements because the driver was asleep at the wheel, which prompted his immediate intervention. C．Wimothy White jumped into the moving truck through the open window and shifted it into park, saving the driver who was suffering from low blood sugar. D．After forcing the truck to stop, White immediately administered first at d to the driver outside the truck before the ambulance arrived. 3．What does the underlined phrase “in a haze” most likely mean? A．In anger. B．In a hurry. C．In concentration. D．In dizziness. 4．What can be inferred about Timothy What e from the passage? A．He often dreams and pretends to be a superhero to gain attention. B．He had a natural tendency to help others in dangerous situations. C．It wasn’t the first time he had jumped through a car window to save people. D．He relied on alcohol to cope with stress, tension and fear regularly. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Timothy White在现实生活中英勇救人的故事，突出了他乐于助人的品质。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第1段“But this was real life. And though White has dressed up as Captain America for conventions, parades and the local Anti-Bullying Superhero Day, when he spotted trouble on this September afternoon he wasn’t wearing his costume and couldn’t rely on any superpowers.(但这却是真实的生活。尽管怀特曾在各种活动、游行以及当地的“反欺凌超级英雄日”上身着美国队长的服装，但在这个九月的下午，当他发现有麻烦时，他并未穿着那套服装，也无法依靠任何超能力。)”可知，作者通过讲述他并未穿着制服，也无法依靠超能力，对比虚构的超能力和现实中的英勇行为，来强调真正的英雄主义源于品格而非超能力。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第4段的“White grabbed the frame of the window — his legs moving in step with the pickup — and leaped in.(怀特伸手抓住窗户的框架——他的双腿与皮卡车的行驶节奏保持同步——然后纵身跳了进去。)”和第七段的“DeAngelis, a diabetic, was unexpectedly facing dangerously low blood sugar.( 迪安吉利斯患有糖尿病，当时正意外面临低血糖危险)”可知，威米托·怀特从开着的车窗跳进了行驶中的卡车里，然后将卡车停到了指定位置，从而救下了那位因低血糖而身体不适的司机。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据上文“From outside the truck, White asked DeAngelis if he was OK. “No,” he replied (从卡车外面，怀特问德安吉利斯是否还好。“不好，”他回答道。)”和下文“DeAngelis, a diabetic, was unexpectedly facing dangerously low blood sugar.( 迪安吉利斯患有糖尿病，当时正意外面临低血糖危险)”可推知，该短语描述其因低血糖而意识模糊的状态。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第2段“White’s actions that day were not out of character. As a teenager, he once kicked in the door of a house that was on fire to see if anyone was trapped inside.(那天怀特先生的行为并不出乎人们的意料。在青少年时期，他曾踹开了一间着火房屋的门，想看看里面是否有人被困。)”及最后一段““I’m always trying to help, where I can, when I can,” he says.(他说：“只要有可能，只要我能做到，我就会尽力帮忙。”)”可知，怀特先生时刻准备好帮助他人，天生乐于帮助处于危险中的人。故选B项 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海闵行·期中）Judging by the historic record, we’ve been fascinated by our reflections for a long time. Some of the earliest human-made mirrors date to 6200 B．C． in Turkey. But even back then, mirrors were largely used to assess how beautiful we were. Egyptians paintings and carvings show the upper classes combing their hair and applying thick red, green, yellow and black cosmetics in front of mirrors. Mirrors were associated from early on with vanity (虚荣). Through the middle ages, the technology for mirrors was simple: Fashioned from blown glass, they were usually small and often convex (凸面的). In the Renaissance, Italians began developing techniques for making flatter glass, and in 1507 hit upon a way of covering the back of the glass with mercury and tin to produce clear mirrors. This new technology was wonderful, but so expensive that nobles sometimes sold property just to afford one. In the 16th and 17th centuries, mirror making was so costly that it required the investment of half of France’s GDP. By the time the Renaissance was in full flower, wealthy noblemen could get large mirrors in which they could see their entire body at a glance. It was a transformative sight. The historian Ian Mortimer believes that mirror were central in developing the modern sense of the individual. “Mankind,” says Mortimer, became “a valid topic of study in his own right.” As the playwright and novelist Louis-Sebastien Mercler noted in the1780s, wealthy young men would look “ at four mirrors at once to see themselves”. In 1715, the essayist Richard Steele observed groups of people visiting a London mirror shop, where “ they will certainly be well pleased, for they will have unavoidable opportunities of seeing what they most like.... I mean their own dear selves.” Many others thought nothing of all this self-regard. In the early years of America, “ mirrors were considered, within American society, a kind of luxury that was somewhat shameful. “says Josiah McElheny, a Brooklyn-based artist who works with mirrors. Some countries leveled taxes on large mirrors. America’s mirror taxes were so high that if a furniture maker wished to create a full-body-sized reflection without going bankrupt (破产), he had to assemble it from several smaller mirrors. It wasn’t until the last decades of the 19th century that the industrial world could finally make big mirrors cheaply. Production exploded and mirrors quickly passed from luxurious products for the rich to everyday devices that were affordable among an emerging middle class. In 1897, Sears Roebuck advertised ten-inch-square mirrors for only 50 cents apiece and said: “No house is complete without a number of small mirrors which are handy in so many rooms.” 1．Which of the following statements is true of the mirrors in the Renaissance? A．They were rather small in size. B．They were unaffordable to most people. C．They were mostly manufactured in Italy. D．They were no longer associated with vanity. 2．According to Ian Mortimer, what change did mirrors bring about? A．Humans started to think of themselves as an individual. B．More and more mirrors shops sprang up all over Europe. C．Novelists began to write about people’s love for mirrors. D．People cared about their appearance for the first time. 3．In the early years of America, mirrors ________________. A．brought their makers much profit B．were regarded as something meaningless C．were mostly assembled from small pieces D．caused many furniture makers to go bankrupt 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The transformative sight of mirrors. B．The varying enthusiasm for mirrors. C．The historic development of mirrors. D．The change in people’s attitudes to mirrors. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了镜子从早期到19世纪末的历史发展，包括不同时期镜子的特点、制作技术、价格以及人们对镜子的态度等。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In the Renaissance, Italians began developing techniques for making flatter glass, and in 1507 hit upon a way of covering the back of the glass with mercury and tin to produce clear mirrors. This new technology was wonderful, but so expensive that nobles sometimes sold property just to afford one. (在文艺复兴时期，意大利人开始研究制作更扁平的玻璃的技术，1507年，他们偶然发现了一种用水银和锡覆盖玻璃背面的方法，以制作出透明的镜子。这项新技术很棒，但非常昂贵，以至于贵族们有时会卖掉财产来买一面镜子)”可知，文艺复兴时期镜子非常昂贵，大多数人都买不起。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The historian Ian Mortimer believes that mirror were central in developing the modern sense of the individual. “Mankind,” says Mortimer, became “a valid topic of study in his own right.”(历史学家伊恩·莫蒂默认为，镜子在培养现代个人意识方面起着核心作用。莫蒂默说：“人类本身成为了一个有价值的研究课题。”)”可知，镜子在培养现代个人意识方面起着核心作用，使人类开始将自己视为一个个体。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中“In the early years of America, “mirrors were considered, within American society, a kind of luxury that was somewhat shameful,” says Josiah McElheny, a Brooklyn-based artist who works with mirrors.”(在美国早期，“镜子在美国社会被认为是一种有点可耻的奢侈品，”布鲁克林的镜子艺术家Josiah McElheny说)可知，在美国早期，人们认为镜子是可耻的奢侈品，由此推知，当时美国人认为镜子毫无意义，不值得花那么多钱。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章第一段中提到“Some of the earliest human made mirrors date to 6200 B. C. in Turkey. (一些最早的人造镜子可以追溯到公元前6200年的土耳其)”，接着第三段中讲述了中世纪“Through the middle ages, the technology for mirrors was simple: Fashioned from blown glass, they were usually small and often convex (凸面的). (在中世纪，镜子的制作技术很简单：由吹制玻璃制成，通常很小，而且常常是凸面的)”和文艺复兴时期“In the Renaissance, Italians began developing techniques for making flatter glass, and in 1507 hit upon a way of covering the back of the glass with mercury and tin to produce clear mirrors. (在文艺复兴时期，意大利人开始开发制作更平整玻璃的技术，并在1507年偶然发现了一种用汞和锡覆盖玻璃背面来制作清晰镜子的方法)”，然后在第五段中讲述美国早期“In the early years of America, “mirrors were considered, within American society, a kind of luxury that was somewhat shameful. (在美国早期，在美国社会中，镜子被认为是一种有点可耻的奢侈品)”，最后在第六段提到“It wasn’t until the last decades of the 19th century that the industrial world could finally make big mirrors cheaply. (直到19世纪最后几十年，工业界才终于能够廉价地制造大镜子)”，这些内容都围绕着镜子的历史发展展开。所以文章主要讲的是镜子的历史发展。故选C项。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海松江·期中）The Sami People: Guardians of the Northern Wilderness The Sami people, aboriginal to northern Norway, Sweden, Finland, and the far-north of Russia, have a history and culture deeply connected with nature. In Norway, a significant number of Sami live in the northern regions, especially in Finnmark county. For centuries, the Sami have made a living through reindeer herding (驯鹿放牧), fishing, and hunting. Reindeer are central to their culture. They not only provide meat but also hides for clothing and horns for crafting tools and artworks. The Sami’s semi-nomadic (半游牧的) lifestyle follows the seasonal movement of the reindeer. In summer, they lead the reindeer to rich grassland, and in winter, they seek areas with reindeer lichen, a crucial winter food source. However, the Sami have faced challenges. In the past, strict assimilation policies in Norway forced them to abandon their own language and traditional ways. They were not allowed to speak Sami languages in schools, and many Sami children were taken from their families to be educated in Norwegian-only institutions. These policies led to a decline in the use of Sami languages. There are ten different Sami languages globally, six of which can be found in Norway. But now, only northern Sami, lule Sami, and southern Sami are actively in use, with others struggling to survive. Thankfully, in recent decades, there has been a coming back of Sami culture. The Sami have reclaimed their heritage. They now have their own parliament (议会) in Norway, which gives them a chance to express their opinions when making decisions that affect their communities. Sami art, crafts, and clothing are also flourishing. Sami art often shows their close connection with nature and their long-standing traditions, attracting international attention. Sami festivals are important occasions to celebrate their culture. The Riddu Riddu festival inKăfjord, Troms, is an international aboriginal festival held every July, drawing people from all over the world. During these festivals, you can experience traditional Sami music, joiking (a unique form of Sami vocal music), dance, and handicrafts. 1．What are the main ways the Sami people have made a living for centuries? A．By farming crops like wheat. B．Through reindeer herding, fishing, and hunting. C．By trading with neighboring countries. D．By working in modern industries. 2．The underlined word “assimilation” in the third paragraph probably means _______. A．the process of becoming part of a different culture B．the protection of one's own culture C．the development of a new culture D．the combination of different cultures 3．What is the author’s attitude towards the current situation of Sami culture? A．Pessimistic. B．Optimistic. C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful. 4．What can we infer from the passage about the future of Sami culture? A．It will disappear completely due to modernization. B．It will continue to grow with the Sami’s efforts and support. C．It will only be preserved in museums. D．It will be replaced by Norwegian culture. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了萨米人的历史、文化、生活方式以及他们面临的挑战和复兴。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“For centuries, the Sami have made a living through reindeer herding (驯鹿放牧), fishing, and hunting.(几个世纪以来，萨米人以放牧驯鹿、捕鱼和狩猎为生。)”可知，萨米人几个世纪以来的主要谋生方式是放牧、捕鱼和狩猎。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据下文的内容“policies in Norway forced them to abandon their own language and traditional ways. They were not allowed to speak Sami languages in schools, and many Sami children were taken from their families to be educated in Norwegian-only institutions. These policies led to a decline in the use of Sami languages.(挪威的政策迫使他们放弃自己的语言和传统的生活方式。他们不允许在学校说萨米语，许多萨米儿童被带离他们的家庭，在只有挪威人的机构接受教育。这些政策导致萨米语的使用减少。)”可知，萨米人被迫放弃自己的文化，转而接受挪威文化，这就是融入另一种不同文化的过程。所以，划线单词assimilation的意义为“同化”，即“融入另一种不同文化的过程”。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段的句子“Thankfully, in recent decades, there has been a coming back of Sami culture. The Sami have reclaimed their heritage.(值得庆幸的是，近几十年来，萨米文化又回来了。萨米人恢复了他们的传统。)”和“Sami art, crafts, and clothing are also flourishing.(萨米人的艺术、手工艺品和服装也很繁荣。)”可推知，说明作者对萨米文化的现状持乐观态度，认为其正在复兴。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段“Thankfully, in recent decades, there has been a coming back of Sami culture. The Sami have reclaimed their heritage. They now have their own parliament (议会) in Norway, which gives them a chance to express their opinions when making decisions that affect their communities. Sami art, crafts, and clothing are also flourishing. Sami art often shows their close connection with nature and their long-standing traditions, attracting international attention.(值得庆幸的是，近几十年来，萨米文化又回来了。萨米人恢复了他们的传统。他们现在在挪威有自己的议会，这使他们有机会在做出影响社区的决定时表达自己的意见。萨米人的艺术、手工艺品和服装也很繁荣。萨米艺术经常展示他们与自然的密切联系和他们悠久的传统，吸引了国际社会的关注。)”及最后一段中“Sami festivals are important occasions to celebrate their culture. (萨米人的节日是庆祝其文化的重要场合。)”可知，萨米人现在有自己的议会，萨米艺术、手工艺品和服装也在蓬勃发展，萨米节日吸引了世界各地的人们，这些都表明萨米文化在萨米人的努力和外界支持下将继续发展。故选B项。 话题5 科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海杨浦·期中）Below are some emerging technologies that may change the world.   Low-carbon cement can help combat climate change.   Concrete is the most widely used human-made material. However, the manufacture of one of its key components, cement, creates a substantial yet underappreciated amount of human-produced carbon dioxide: up to 8 percent of the global total, according to London-based think tank Chatham House.   To address this issue, researchers and companies are now pursuing various lower-carbon solutions. For instance, a start-up in New Jersey is employing a chemical process that has cut 30 percent of the carbon dioxide usually released in making cement. The recipe uses more clay, less limestone and less heat than typical processes. Quantum sensors could let autonomous cars “see” around corners.   Quantum computers get all the hype (大肆宣传), but quantum sensors, which reach extreme levels of precision by exploiting the quantum nature of matter, could be equally transformative, enabling autonomous vehicles that can “see” around corners, underwater navigation systems, early-warning systems for volcanic activity and earthquakes, and portable scanners that monitor a person’s brain activity during daily life. Green hydrogen could fill big gaps in renewable energy.   When hydrogen burns, the only by-product is water — which is why hydrogen has been an alluring zero-carbon energy source for decades. Yet the traditional process for producing hydrogen, in which fossil fuels are exposed to steam, is not even remotely zero-carbon.   Green hydrogen is different. It is produced through electrolysis, in which machines split water into hydrogen and oxygen, with no other by-products. Historically, electrolysis required so much electricity that it made little sense to produce hydrogen that way. The situation is changing since the electrolyzers are getting more efficient. Whole-Genome synthesis will transform cell engineering.   Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, scientists in China uploaded the virus’s genetic sequence to genetic databases. A Swiss group then synthesized the entire genome and produced the virus from it. Such speed is one example of how whole-genome printing is advancing medicine and other work.   Whole-genome synthesis is an extension of the booming field of synthetic biology. Researchers reprogram microbes to do desired work such as making a new medicine. So far genomes mainly get light edits. But improvements are making it possible to print ever larger number of genetic material and to alter genomes more extensively. 1．Which new technology can be used to help with medical researches? A．Low-carbon cement. B．Quantum sensors. C．Green hydrogen. D．Whole-Genome synthesis. 2．Which of the following is supported by the passage? A．Cement-related emissions are less serious than most people realize. B．Quantum sensors are currently used to improve brain functions. C．Green hydrogen offers a zero-emission alternative to fossil fuels. D．Genome synthesis has already transformed how we edit genes. 3．What is a shared feature of all the emerging technologies mentioned? A．They are reshaping or expected to reshape certain industries. B．They mainly aim to address health and medical challenges. C．They all directly reduce human-made carbon emissions. D．They are all still at the stage of theoretical reasoning. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了四种可能改变世界的新兴技术，包括低碳水泥、量子传感器、绿色氢气和全基因组合成技术，并分别阐述了它们的应用前景和优势。 1．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, scientists in China uploaded the virus’s genetic sequence to genetic databases. A Swiss group then synthesized the entire genome and produced the virus from it. Such speed is one example of how whole-genome printing is advancing medicine and other work.(在新冠肺炎疫情早期，中国科学家将病毒的基因序列上传到基因数据库。随后，一个瑞士小组合成了整个基因组，并从中制造出病毒。这种速度就是全基因组打印如何推动医学和其他工作的一个例子)”可知，全基因组合成技术可用于医学研究。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第六段“When hydrogen burns, the only by-product is water — which is why hydrogen has been an alluring zero-carbon energy source for decades. Yet the traditional process for producing hydrogen, in which fossil fuels are exposed to steam, is not even remotely zero-carbon.(当氢气燃烧时，唯一的副产品是水——这就是为什么几十年来氢气一直是一种诱人的零碳能源。然而，传统的制氢过程是将化石燃料暴露在蒸汽中，这甚至根本不是零碳的)”以及第七段“Green hydrogen is different. It is produced through electrolysis, in which machines split water into hydrogen and oxygen, with no other by-products.(绿色氢气则不同。它是通过电解产生的，在这个过程中，机器将水分解成氢气和氧气，没有其他副产品)”可知，绿色氢气为化石燃料提供了一种零排放的替代品。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第一段“Below are some emerging technologies that may change the world.(以下是一些可能改变世界的新兴技术)”以及下文对四种新兴技术的介绍可知，文中提到的所有新兴技术的共同特征是它们正在重塑或有望重塑某些行业，例如，低碳水泥有助于应对气候变化，量子传感器能让自动驾驶汽车“看见”拐角周围的情况，绿色氢气可以填补可再生能源的巨大缺口，全基因组合成将改变细胞工程。A项“它们正在重塑或有望重塑某些行业”符合题意。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海杨浦·期中）“Assume you are wrong.” The advice came from Brian Nosek, a psychology professor, who was offering a strategy for pursuing better science.   To understand the context for Nosek’s advice, we need to take a step back to the nature of science itself. You see despite what many of us learned in elementary school, there is no single scientific method. Just as scientific theories become elaborated and change, so do scientific methods.   But methodological reform hasn’t come without some fretting and friction. Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers. Few people like having the value of their life’s work called into question. On the other side, few people are good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways. So, part of the challenge is figuring out how to bake critical self-reflection into the culture of science itself, so it unfolds as a welcome and integrated part of the process, and not an embarrassing sideshow.   What Nosek recommended was a strategy for changing the way we offer and respond to critique. Assuming you are right might be a motivating force, sustaining the enormous effort that conducting scientific work requires. But it also makes it easy to interpret criticisms as personal attacks. Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong — a goal that your critic probably shares.   One worry about this approach is that it could be demoralizing for scientists. Striving to be less wrong might be a less effective motivation than the promise of being right. Another concern is that a strategy that works well within science could backfire when it comes to communicating science with the public. Without an appreciation for how science works, it’s easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science, when in fact they reflect some of the very features of science that make it our best approach to reaching reliable conclusions about the world. Science is reliable because it responds to evidence: as the quantity and quality of our evidence improves, our theories can and should change, too.   Despite these worries, I like Nosek’s suggestion because it builds in cognitive humility along with a sense that we can do better. It also builds in a sense of community — we’re all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right.   Unfortunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypothesis: that assuming one is wrong can change community norms for the better, and ultimately support better science and even, perhaps, better decisions in life. I don’t know if that’s true. In fact, I should probably assume that it’s wrong. But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools, I hope we can get it less wrong, together. 1．According to Paragraph 3, “some fretting and friction” refers to the fact that methodological reformers ______. A．feel reluctant to reflect on themselves B．are unable to provide valuable work C．don’t offer constructive criticisms D．meet with harsh personal attacks 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE about the “assume you are wrong” strategy? A．It will make scientific conclusions less reliable. B．It can enhance the public’s understanding of science. C．It may lead to an increase in the motivation of scientists. D．It can promote a positive interpretation of criticisms. 3．According to the passage, what is the author most likely to agree on? A．Nosek’s strategy has been proven to improve scientific outcomes and decision-making. B．The scientific community should reject untested hypotheses to avoid misleading the public. C．Nosek’s emphasis on cognitive modesty holds potential for collective progress in science. D．Scientists are advised to adopt the same perspectives to achieve the “sense of community”. 4．______ best fits the “assume you are wrong” strategy. A．Encouraging business leaders to always trust their instincts in making decisions B．Promoting a culture where teachers actively seek feedback to improve teaching C．Training politicians to be more defensive about their policies to avoid admitting faults D．Advising journalists to stick to their narratives despite opposing views 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文围绕心理学教授布莱恩・诺塞克（Brian Nosek）提出的“假设自己错误”策略展开，探讨其在科学领域的意义与争议。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers. Few people like having the value of their life’s work called into question. On the other side, few people are good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways.( 方法论改革家说了很多难听的话，也说了很多关于他们的坏话。很少有人喜欢自己毕生工作的价值受到质疑。另一方面，很少有人善于以善意和建设性的方式提出批评。)”可知，第三段提到，方法论改革伴随“fretting and friction”，具体表现为“Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers”（改革者被他人恶语相向，彼此间也有恶言）。这表明改革者面临严厉的人身攻击。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Assuming you are right might be a motivating force, sustaining the enormous effort that conducting scientific work requires. But it also makes it easy to interpret criticisms as personal attacks. Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong — a goal that your critic probably shares.( 假设你是对的，可能是一种激励力量，维持进行科学工作所需的巨大努力。但这也很容易将批评解读为人身攻击。相反，从假设你是错的开始，批评更容易被解释为如何减少错误的建设性建议-这可能是你的批评者的共同目标。)”可知，第四段指出，假设自己错误能将批评视为“constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong(建设性改进建议)”，而非人身攻击。这与积极解读批评的策略一致。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Despite these worries, I like Nosek’s suggestion because it builds in cognitive humility along with a sense that we can do better. It also builds in a sense of community — we’re all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right.( 尽管存在这些担忧，但我喜欢诺塞克的建议，因为它建立了认知上的谦卑，以及我们可以做得更好的感觉。它还建立了一种社区意识——当我们做错事的时候，我们都在同一条船上。)”可推知，根据文章，作者最可能同意的观点是认知谦逊有望推动科学集体进步。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Unfortunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypothesis: that assuming one is wrong can change community norms for the better, and ultimately support better science and even, perhaps, better decisions in life. I don’t know if that’s true. In fact, I should probably assume that it’s wrong. But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools, I hope we can get it less wrong, together.( 不幸的是，这仍然给我们留下了一个未经检验的假设：假设一个人是错的，可以使社会规范变得更好，并最终支持更好的科学，甚至可能是更好的生活决策。我不知道这是不是真的。事实上，我应该假设这是错的。但是有了科学界和我们最好的方法论工具的帮助，我希望我们能一起减少错误。)”可推知，“assume you are wrong”策略的核心是主动接纳批评、寻求改进。选项B中教师通过反馈优化教学，体现了这一理念。故选B项。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海·期中）Prior to the beginning of the Late Preclassic period in 300 B．C．, Maya ceremonial centers of relatively substantial size had already appeared in Central America. The ceremonial center was a distinctive feature of Maya culture, acting as a focus for the community. Generally speaking, these centers were not what we would call cities. Although they did consist of a number of large and varied buildings, they did not have a substantial resident population. Some scholars have even labeled these Maya centers “vacant towns”. Their permanent population consisted mainly of rulers, priests, and their attendants plus a limited number of artisans. The elite lived in big houses or in palaces in and around the center. The bulk of the peasant population lived in much more modest wood and thatch homes in the areas surrounding the centers. At certain times of the year, on the occasion of major religious festivals such as the one at the time of the planting of their crops, scholars hypothesize, by analogy to historical and modern practices, that the peasants would flock to the centers to observe and participate in the ceremonies. At other times of the year, some of the peasants would be called into the centers to help in the construction of new temples and palaces dedicated to the glory of the gods and to the comforts of their earthly representatives, the priestly rulers. The peasants also would provide the food to help sustain the elite in the centers. What the peasants received from the elite was certainly not as tangible as the services they provided. In return for food and labor, the peasants were offered a psychologically and spiritually secure and ordered world, as well as access to some trade goods. Apparently, this was enough. Agriculture in the tropical Maya lowlands was at best a chancy business: even slight shifts in the onset of the rainy season or the dry season could mean disaster for that year’s harvest. The religion of the ancient Maya helped the peasants cope with their precarious lives. If the gods were properly propitiated, the crops would be good—as would life in general. One archaeologist, William Haviland, argues that it was the centralizing effects of Maya religion that led to the rise of Classic Maya civilization. He believes that the religious centers acted as magnets to peoples living in the surrounding areas. To support the growing populations around the centers, Haviland argues, the agricultural systems became intensified. This led to the evolution of a complex state. Haviland believes that as early as 200 B．C．, the “vacant” ceremonial centers at Tikal had begun transformation toward urban centers. Moreover, by this time or even earlier, other centers with huge, labor-intensive buildings had begun to emerge. Sites such as Nakbé, El Mirador, and Lamanai may have approached urban dimensions in the last few centuries of the first millennium B．C． Other scholars attribute the growth of the ceremonial centers to trade. William Rathje argues that the basic cause for the rise of Maya civilization was the necessity for the Maya, who lived in resource-poor lowlands, to trade with adjacent highlanders for materials such as obsidian (a rock used to make ornaments and cutting edges), salt, and hard stone for grinding implements. Rathje maintains that lowland sites such as Tikal, which were quite distant from the highland resource areas, were made bigger and architecturally magnificent to attract highland merchants and their trade. In order to undertake all the building, the elite had to attract more artisans and bring more laborers into the community to do the work. These population increases led in turn to even more building, population growth, greater population density, greater social differentiation, and occupational specialization. Critics have argued, however, that there were local substitutes for the external “necessities” and that foreign trade was present well before the rise of complex architecture. Yet other factors beyond ideology and trade must have been important in the emerging Classic Maya civilization. Competition among the growing number of centers may also have played a key role in the growth of social, economic, and political complexity, as the organization of the centers grew to meet the pressures of other centers for new agricultural land and control of rising populations. 1．According to paragraph 1, what important feature of cities did Maya ceremonial centers lack? A．Large, varied buildings. B．A large, permanent population. C．Distinctions between social classes. D．Religious temples. 2．According to paragraph 2, which of the following did the Maya elite provide for the peasants? A．Food for nourishment. B．Homes to live in. C．Security from the threats of other civilizations. D．A stable system of beliefs. 3．The word “precarious” in the passage is closest in meaning to ________ A．insecure B．difficult C．restricted D．unsatisfying 4．According to paragraph 4, what is the dispute between William Rathje and his critics? A．Whether a need to import obsidian, salt, and grinding stone can explain the growth of ceremonial centers. B．Whether people in the lowlands communities traded with people in the adjacent highlands. C．Whether obsidian was to be found in lowland areas such as Tikal that were distant from the highlands. D．Whether the development of ceremonial centers was characterized by complex architecture. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了玛雅礼仪中心的特征及发展。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“Generally speaking, these centers were not what we would call cities. Although they did consist of a number of large and varied buildings, they did not have a substantial resident population. (一般来说，这些中心不是我们所说的城市。虽然它们确实由许多大型和多样化的建筑组成，但它们没有大量的常住人口)”可知，玛雅礼仪中心不是我们所说的城市，因为它们没有大量的常住人口。由此可知，玛雅礼仪中心缺少的一项城市的重要特征是常住人口众多。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“In return for food and labor, the peasants were offered a psychologically and spiritually secure and ordered world, as well as access to some trade goods. (作为食物和劳动力的回报，农民们获得了一个心理和精神上安全有序的世界，以及获得一些贸易商品的机会)”可知，作为食物和劳动力的回报，玛雅精英为农民们提供一个心理和精神上安全有序的世界，即稳定的信仰体系。由此可知，玛雅精英为农民提供了稳定的信仰体系。故选D项。 3．词义猜测题。根据画线单词上句“Agriculture in the tropical Maya lowlands was at best a chancy business: even slight shifts in the onset of the rainy season or the dry season could mean disaster for that year’s harvest. (热带玛雅低地的农业充其量是一项不稳定的业务：即使雨季或旱季开始时发生轻微变化，也可能对当年的收成造成灾难)”可知，农业是一项不稳定的业务，农民们的收成并不稳定，生活没有保障，由此可知，古玛雅人的宗教帮助农民应对没有保障的生活，“insecure”意为“无保障的”，能够表达画线单词在句中所要表达的意思。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段关键句“William Rathje argues that the basic cause for the rise of Maya civilization was the necessity for the Maya, who lived in resource-poor lowlands, to trade with adjacent highlanders for materials such as obsidian (a rock used to make ornaments and cutting edges), salt, and hard stone for grinding implements. (William Rathje认为，玛雅文明兴起的根本原因是生活在资源贫乏的低地的玛雅人必须与邻近的高地人进行贸易，以获得黑曜石（一种用于制作装饰品和切割边缘的岩石）、盐和用于研磨工具的硬石等材料)”和“Critics have argued, however, that there were local substitutes for the external “necessities” and that foreign trade was present well before the rise of complex architecture. (然而，批评者认为，外部“必需品”有当地的替代品，外贸早在复杂建筑兴起之前就存在了)”可知，William Rathje认为需要进口黑曜石、盐和磨石可以解释礼仪中心的发展，而批评者认为，外贸早在复杂建筑兴起之前就存在了，需要进口黑曜石、盐和磨石不能解释礼仪中心的发展。由此可知，William Rathje和他的批评者之间的争议是“是否需要进口黑曜石、盐和磨石可以解释礼仪中心的发展”。故选A项。 话题6人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海嘉定·期中）Once a dominant presence on the Great Plains, the American bison (美洲野牛) was nearly driven to extinction by the end of the 19th century. Tens of millions once moved freely across North America, but uncontrolled hunting, habitat loss, and westward expansion reduced their numbers to just a few hundred by the late 1800s. A turning point came in the early 20th century, thanks to efforts by conservationists and institutions like the Bronx Zoo. In 1907, the zoo played a crucial role in one of the first major bison reintroduction programs. It shipped 15 bison to the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge in Oklahoma. This initiative continued in 1913, when 14 more bison were sent to Wind Cave National Park in South Dakota. These early transfers laid the foundation for today’s population of free-ranging bison. Currently, approximately 20,000 bison live in managed conservation areas, many of them are related to those original Bronx Zoo animals. These bison are carefully monitored to ensure genetic diversity and protect the species from the threats that nearly wiped them out more than a century ago. In recognition of the bison’s cultural and ecological importance, the U. S. officially declared November 1 as National Bison Day. The bison was also declared the national mammal (哺乳动物) of the United States, symbolizing strength, toughness and the success of wildlife conservation efforts. Despite their size — adult bison can weigh over a ton and reach speeds of up to 35 miles per hour — these animals are still vulnerable. Conservationists continue to work on restoring larger, free-ranging bison in more areas, with a long-term goal of creating self-sustaining populations that play a natural role in grassland ecosystems. The story of the American bison is one of near loss and remarkable recovery — a reminder that, with joint effort and respect for nature, it is possible to reverse even the most dramatic declines. 1．What happened in the early 20th century that was seen as a turning point? A．The bison population reached its lowest point. B．The U. S. government banned all hunting of bison. C．Bison were hunted more heavily across North America. D．The Bronx Zoo began sending bison to protected areas. 2．The word “vulnerable” (paragraph 5) can be best replaced by “______”. A．in power B．at risk C．under control D．by surprise 3．Why did the U. S. officially declare November 1 as National Bison Day? A．To mark the founding of the Bronx Zoo. B．To honor the bison’s role in culture and nature. C．To raise awareness about the bison’s past declines. D．To promote the conversation of other large mammals. 4．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．The Return of the Bison B．The Life of Bison in the Wild C．How the Bronx Zoo Became Famous D．The Rise and Fall of the Great Plains 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是美洲野牛从濒临灭绝到逐步恢复的过程，以及相关保护措施和其在美国文化与生态系统中的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A turning point came in the early 20th century, thanks to efforts by conservationists and institutions like the Bronx Zoo. In 1907, the zoo played a crucial role in one of the first major bison reintroduction programs. (20世纪初，由于保护主义者和布朗克斯动物园等机构的努力，情况出现了转机。1907年，该动物园在首批重要的美洲野牛重新引入计划中发挥了关键作用。)”可知，早期的转折点是布朗克斯动物园开始将美洲野牛送往保护区。故选D项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第五段“Despite their size — adult bison can weigh over a ton and reach speeds of up to 35 miles per hour — these animals are still vulnerable. Conservationists continue to work on restoring larger, free-ranging bison in more areas, with a long-term goal of creating self-sustaining populations that play a natural role in grassland ecosystems. (尽管它们体型庞大 —— 成年野牛体重可达一吨以上，奔跑速度可达每小时 35 英里 —— 但这些动物仍然 vulnerable。保护主义者继续致力于在更多地区恢复更大规模的自由放养野牛，长期目标是建立能够在草原生态系统中发挥自然作用的自给自足的种群。)”可知，尽管野牛有一些优势，但仍然需要保护主义者努力去恢复它们的数量，所以它们仍然处于危险之中，由此可知，划线单词的意思与“处于危险中”意义相近。故选 B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In recognition of the bison’s cultural and ecological importance, the U. S. officially declared November 1 as National Bison Day. The bison was also declared the national mammal (哺乳动物) of the United States, symbolizing strength, toughness and the success of wildlife conservation efforts. (为了认可野牛在文化和生态方面的重要性，美国正式宣布 11 月 1 日为国家野牛日。野牛也被宣布为美国的国家哺乳动物，象征着力量、坚韧以及野生动物保护工作的成功。)”可知，为了认可野牛在文化和生态方面的重要性，美国正式宣布11月1日为国家野牛日，由此可知，建立国家野牛日是为了表彰野牛在文化和自然方面的作用。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Tens of millions once moved freely across North America, but uncontrolled hunting, habitat loss, and westward expansion reduced their numbers to just a few hundred by the late 1800s. (数千万头美洲野牛曾经自由地穿梭于整个北美大陆，但到了19世纪末，由于不受控制的捕猎、栖息地的丧失以及向西扩张的人类活动，它们的数量锐减至仅剩数百头。)”以及第二段中的“A turning point came in the early 20th century, thanks to efforts by conservationists and institutions like the Bronx Zoo. (20世纪初，由于保护主义者和布朗克斯动物园等机构的努力，情况迎来了一个转折点。)”可知，文章讲述了美洲野牛曾经濒临灭绝，经过保护主义者和相关机构的努力，数量有所恢复，结合尾段中的“The story of the American bison is one of near loss and remarkable recovery — a reminder that, with joint effort and respect for nature, it is possible to reverse even the most dramatic declines. (美洲野牛的故事是一个关于几近灭绝又显著恢复的故事 —— 它提醒我们，只要齐心协力并尊重自然，即便是最急剧的数量减少趋势也是可以逆转的。)”可知，本文主要讲述的是美洲野牛从濒临灭绝到逐步恢复的过程，所以题目“野牛的回归”可以概括本文的主题，最适合本文的标题。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海嘉定·期中）Astronomy is unique among the sciences as it relies on distant observations. Unlike geologists or biologists, astronomers cannot physically study their subjects. Instead, they use telescopes and computer simulations (模拟) to explore the cosmos. One such effort is the EAGLE  (Evolution and Assembly of Galaxies and their Environments) project, created by researchers at Durham and Leiden Universities. This advanced simulation models a universe over 300 million light-years wide, containing thousands of galaxies (星系) , including ones similar to the Milky Way. To build EAGLE, scientists traced the history of the Universe back before the formation of galaxies and stars. Three key forces influenced the Universe’s evolution: dark matter, normal matter, and dark energy. Dark matter provided an invisible framework for galaxies to form, while dark energy counteracted this by driving the Universe’s expansion. Previous simulations struggled to accurately reproduce galaxy formation, often generating overly massive galaxies. By improving their models and using updated data, the EAGLE team created a more realistic representation of the evolution of the Universe. Developing the simulation took years. Researchers translated complex processes into a complicated computer program, which ran on the DiRAC-II supercomputer for over six weeks. The results were remarkable — EAGLE-generated galaxies was very similar to real ones. According to Professor Richard Bower, an astronomer involved in the project, many people cannot distinguish between actual astronomical images and those produced by EAGLE. A major advantage of EAGLE is its ability to track galaxies over time. By rewinding the simulation, scientists have solved mysteries like the disappearance of small red galaxies observed in the early Universe. EAGLE revealed that many of these galaxies mixed with larger ones, explaining their absence in later observations. The simulation also casts light on why larger galaxies form fewer stars: their black holes grow quickly, consuming surrounding gas and preventing star formation. The team now aims to simulate the future of the Universe. This is challenging due to dark energy’s increasing influence, which speeds up the expansion of the universe. However, advancements in computing may allow researchers to expand EAGLE’s scale, providing deeper insights into galactic evolution. 1．What does the word “counteract” (paragraph 2) most likely mean? A．Measured. B．Enhanced. C．Balanced. D．Opposed. 2．What can be inferred about the advantages of EAGLE from the passage? A．It offers insights into the past galactic events. B．It doesn’t take much effort from astronomers. C．It doesn’t need to rely on advancements in computing. D．It helps explain why dark energy expands the universe. 3．Why is Professor Richard Bower cited in the passage? A．To introduce the universities involved in the EAGLE project. B．To emphasize the scientific accuracy of the EAGLE simulation. C．To highlight the challenges of running supercomputer programs. D．To explain the role of dark matter and dark energy in galaxy formation. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The EAGLE project proves observational astronomy is accurate. B．The EAGLE project highlights the difficulties astronomers face. C．The EAGLE project models galaxy formation and evolution. D．The EAGLE project successfully represents the Milky Way. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了EAGLE项目，它模拟了宇宙中星系的形成和演化，解决了一些天文学谜团，团队还打算模拟宇宙未来。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Dark matter provided an invisible framework for galaxies to form, while dark energy counteracted this by driving the Universe’s expansion. (暗物质为星系的形成提供了一个无形的框架，而暗能量通过推动宇宙膨胀来counteracted这一点)”可知，暗物质促使星系形成，而暗能量推动宇宙膨胀，这二者作用相反。所以“counteract”意思是“对抗、相反”，与“Opposed”同义。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中“By rewinding the simulation, scientists have solved mysteries like the disappearance of small red galaxies observed in the early Universe. EAGLE revealed that many of these galaxies mixed with larger ones, explaining their absence in later observations. (通过倒回模拟，科学家们解开了早期宇宙中观测到的小红星系消失等谜团。EAGLE揭示，许多这样的星系与更大的星系融合了，这就解释了它们在后来的观测中为何消失)”可知，EAGLE项目的优势是能够帮助科学家了解过去星系发生的事件。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The results were remarkable — EAGLE generated galaxies was very similar to real ones. According to Professor Richard Bower, an astronomer involved in the project, many people cannot distinguish between actual astronomical images and those produced by EAGLE. (结果非常显著——EAGLE生成的星系与真实的星系非常相似。据参与该项目的天文学家理查德·鲍尔教授说，许多人无法区分实际的天文图像和EAGLE生成的图像)”可知，引用理查德·鲍尔教授的话是为了强调EAGLE模拟的科学准确性。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“One such effort is the EAGLE (Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their Environments) project, created by researchers at Durham and Leiden Universities. This advanced simulation models a universe over 300 million light years wide, containing thousands of galaxies (星系), including ones similar to the Milky Way. (达勒姆大学和莱顿大学的研究人员开展了一项名为EAGLE(星系及其环境的演化与组装)的项目。这种先进的模拟对一个超过3亿光年宽的宇宙进行建模，其中包含数千个星系，包括与银河系相似的星系。)”以及后文对EAGLE项目模拟星系形成和演化过程的介绍可知，本文主要介绍了EAGLE项目对星系形成和演化的模拟。故选C项。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海青浦·期中）On a brisk September morning, Brian Palik’s footfalls land quietly on a path in Minnesota’s iconic Northwoods. A mature red pine (松树) is a tall, straight overstory tree that thrives in cold winters and cool summers. It’s the official Minnesota state tree and a valued target of its timber industry. But red pine’s days of dominance here could fade. In coming decades, climate change will make red pine and other Northwoods trees increasingly vulnerable to destructive combinations of longer, warmer summers and less extremely cold winters, as well as droughts, windstorms, wildfires and insect infestations. Climate change is altering ecological conditions in cold regions faster than trees can adapt or migrate. Palik, a forest ecologist, stops and points to a newcomer under the red-pine canopy: a broadleaf deciduous tree. “It’s doing really well,” he says. This tree probably shouldn’t be thriving here. Normally, if a southern adapted seedling (幼苗) is planted in an unsuitably cold climate like this one, it can risk frost damage, and its survival is threatened. But the newcomer’s lush, green foliage indicates good health. It is a promising sign in a project that aims to keep forests growing in a warming world. Palik’s project is an experiment in forest assisted migration, the relocation of trees to help woodlands adapt and flourish despite the heating of their habitats from climate change. Foresters advocating assisted migration are typically not aiming to save specific species — instead, by moving trees, they want to help sustain productive forest for multiple benefits such as carbon storage, water filtration, wildlife habitat, recreational beauty and timber. Now, assisted migration research for conservation is getting bolder with growing concerns about future forest disruption from climate change. And the movement is growing internationally, with research happening in Spain, Canada, Mexico, etc. Moreover, recent proposals have called for relocating endangered species to new habitats where they would have a better chance of thriving: Mexican gray wolves to northern parts of Arizona, New Mexico or Texas, for example, or Karner blue butterflies farther north from southern Michigan. However, artificially moving a forest, some biologists say, has risks. Relocated species might become invasive or disrupt the ecological balance of the forest. But, says Palik, “the risk of not trying to move species for climate change is larger”. “Forests die fast and grow slowly,” says Lee Frelich, a forest ecologist at the University of Minnesota Center for Forest Ecology. As climate change continues, he says, some forests could vanish, replaced by encroaching (渐渐渗入的) grasslands that do not provide the types of wildlife habitat and other benefits that healthy forests do. “Your only option in that case,” he says, “is to bring in new species or live with whatever nature does,” which — in cases of extreme climate change “is likely to be brushy vegetation and not be a forest for quite some time.” 1．How does climate change affect the Northwoods region of Minnesota? A．By decreasing the length of the growing season. B．By reducing the occurrence of droughts and wildfires. C．By increasing the frequency of extremely cold winters. D．By changing the living condition of the tree species there. 2．What is a key consideration for Brian Palik when deciding which trees to plant? A．Focusing exclusively on planting trees that aren’t native to the area. B．Planting the tallest and fastest-growing trees to quickly restore the forest. C．Choosing trees that are the most economically valuable for timber production. D．Selecting species that can thrive in the changing climate conditions expected in the future. 3．What is the primary goal of assisted migration? A．To ensure that forests remain productive and provide ecosystem services. B．To preserve specific endangered species in their original habitats. C．To maintain the aesthetic beauty of forests for tourism. D．To increase the profitability of the timber industry. 4．Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A．The practice of forest assisted migration is bound to be carried out on a larger scale globally. B．Scientists’ concerns over forest disruption stem from the economic losses in the timber industry. C．Forest assisted migration appears to be a necessary attempt to maintain forest ecosystems. D．Relocated species will always outcompete native species, leading to biodiversity loss. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了由于明尼苏达森林受气候变化威胁，因此人类开始进行辅助迁移，帮助保护森林。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“In coming decades, climate change will make red pine and other Northwoods trees increasingly vulnerable to destructive combinations of longer, warmer summers and less extremely cold winters, as well as droughts, windstorms, wildfires and insect infestations.(在未来的几十年里，气候变化将使红松和其他北方森林的树木越来越容易受到更长、更温暖的夏季和不那么极端寒冷的冬季以及干旱、风暴、野火和虫害的破坏性组合的影响)”可知，气候变化通过改变当地树种的生存条件影响明尼苏达州的北森林地区。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Palik, a forest ecologist, stops and points to a newcomer under the red-pine canopy: a broadleaf deciduous tree. “It’s doing really well,” he says. This tree probably shouldn’t be thriving here. Normally, if a southern adapted seedling (幼苗) is planted in an unsuitably cold climate like this one, it can risk frost damage, and its survival is threatened. But the newcomer’s lush, green foliage indicates good health.(森林生态学家帕利克停下脚步，指着红松树冠下的一棵新来者：一棵阔叶落叶树。“它适应得非常好，”他说。这棵树可能不应该在这里茁壮成长。正常情况下，如果在像这样不适宜的寒冷气候中种植南方适应的幼苗，它可能会受到霜冻损害，其生存受到威胁。但新来者郁郁葱葱的绿叶表明很健康)”可知，布莱恩·帕利克在决定种哪种树时，主要考虑的是选择能够在未来气候变化条件下茁壮成长的物种。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Foresters advocating assisted migration are typically not aiming to save specific species — instead, by moving trees, they want to help sustain productive forest for multiple benefits such as carbon storage, water filtration, wildlife habitat, recreational beauty and timber.(提倡辅助迁移的林务人员通常不是为了拯救特定的物种——相反，他们希望通过迁移树木来帮助维持森林的生产力，从而获得多种好处，如碳储存、水过滤、野生动物栖息地、娱乐美景和木材)”可知，辅助迁移的主要目标是确保森林保持生产力，并提供各种生态系统服务。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“As climate change continues, he says, some forests could vanish, replaced by encroaching (渐渐渗入的) grasslands that do not provide the types of wildlife habitat and other benefits that healthy forests do. “Your only option in that case,” he says, “is to bring in new species or live with whatever nature does,” which — in cases of extreme climate change “is likely to be brushy vegetation and not be a forest for quite some time.”(他说，随着气候变化的持续，一些森林可能会消失，取而代之的是逐渐侵占的草原，这些草原不能提供野生动物栖息地，也不能提供健康森林所能提供的其他好处。“在这种情况下，你唯一的选择，”他说，“就是引进新物种，或者与大自然一起生活，”在极端气候变化的情况下，“很可能在很长一段时间内变成灌木丛生的植被，而不是森林。”)”可知，森林辅助迁移似乎是维持森林生态系统的必要尝试。故选C。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题01 阅读理解6大常考话题 话题1 生活与学习 Passage 1：1.B 2.C 3.B 4.B Passage 2：1.D 2.A 3.B Passage 3：1.B 2.B 3.A 4.C 话题2 做人与做事 Passage 1：1.B 2.A 3.B 4.B Passage 2：1.C 2.C 3.B 4.D Passage 3：1.C 2.D 3.B 4.C 话题3 文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1：1.B 2.C 3.C 4.D Passage 2：1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B Passage 3：1.A 2.D 3.B 4.B 话题4 历史、社会与文化 Passage 1：1.C 2.C 3.D 4.B Passage 2：1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C Passage 3：1.B 2.A 3.B 4.B 话题5 科学与技术 Passage 1：1.D 2.C 3.A Passage 2：1.D 2.D 3.C 4.B Passage 3：1.B 2.D 3.A 4.A 话题6 人与自然 Passage 1：1.D 2.B 3.B 4.A Passage 2：1.D 2.A 3.B 4.C Passage 3：1.D 2.D 3.A 4.C 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $